浪漫主义时期
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目 录浪漫主义时期音乐特点简述ﻩ2浪漫主义与古典主义音乐得不同 (2)浪漫主义时期得主要代表人物 ............................................................................................... 3 浪漫主义音乐特点总结ﻩ3浪漫主义时期音乐特点 关于音乐,人们一直都在探讨它得奥秘与美妙,当第一次听到《小夜曲》,便被其中得婉转、悠扬与空灵所吸引,它源于西方浪漫主义时期——一个充满神奇音乐得时代.浪漫主义乐派就是继维也纳古典乐派后出现得一个新得流派,浪漫主义产生于法国大革命以后得社会得与政治得动乱之中,它支配着十九世纪得艺术。
这个时期艺术家得创作上则表现为对主观感情得崇尚,对自然得热爱与对未来得幻想。
艺术表现形式也较以前有了新得变化,出现了浪漫主义思潮与风格得形成与发展.浪漫主义时期音乐特点简述浪漫主义音乐善于表现个人得感情与幻想,尤其强调个人主义得体验。
她们热衷于反映内心最强烈情感得爱情主题;倾心于带自传性得,不满现状得忧郁,孤独者得精神。
在描绘自然景色及现实形象时,也更强调主观色彩得印记。
作曲家不同程度地倾心于标题音乐,其构思常常以文学、诗歌、戏剧、绘画、特性舞蹈等其她姊妹艺术得内容为基础,甚至为强调表现意图而加添明确得标题.所采用得形式载体也为了与标题性内容相符而突破传统得模式,创造出许多综合性或形式灵活得体裁。
同时,浪漫主义音乐有着对本民族历史文化及民间音乐得强烈兴趣.这反映了 19 世纪欧洲民族意识得觉醒。
表现在一些长期倍受欺凌得国家与民族(如波兰、捷克、匈牙利)等国家得“民族乐派"先后成立。
与这些国家得民族解放运动紧密呼应。
在音乐创作得题材方面,盛行采用民间歌谣及民间故事为主题.在追求更加个性化、情感化表现技巧得过程中,诸多民族民间音乐得色彩影响到旋律特征、调式与声与节奏节拍得独特处理。
浪漫主义知识点总结浪漫主义是19世纪欧洲文学和艺术运动的一种主要特征,它追求个性与情感的真实表达,崇尚自然、情感与想象力,是对理性主义、古典主义的一种反叛。
浪漫主义在文学、绘画、音乐等领域都有着深远的影响,它对后世的现代主义和后现代主义运动也产生了深远的影响。
一、浪漫主义的起源与背景浪漫主义起源于18世纪末至19世纪初的欧洲,这一时期是欧洲工业革命和法国大革命的时代,社会变革、传统观念的动摇和人们对自由、民主的向往都成为了浪漫主义产生的土壤。
浪漫主义也是对启蒙运动和工业革命的反叛,启蒙运动强调理性与科学,而工业革命使人类迈入了现代化的社会,但这些变革也带来了物质丰富和精神空虚的两极化现象。
人们开始怀疑理性的权威和科学的绝对价值,开始关注内心情感和个人体验。
二、浪漫主义的特征1. 强调情感与想象力浪漫主义强调个人情感的真实表达,追求内心世界的丰富和深刻。
浪漫主义者认为,只有通过情感与想象力才能触及灵魂深处,而理性与科学只是表面的东西,无法真正理解生命的奥秘。
2. 崇尚自然浪漫主义者崇尚自然,认为自然是美和真理的源泉。
在自然中,人们可以找到内心的宁静和情感的安慰。
自然也是浪漫主义者思考和创作的灵感来源,通过自然的表现来表达内心的情感。
3. 反对现实社会的不公与虚伪浪漫主义者看到社会现实中的不公与虚伪,他们呼吁社会的改革和对人类精神的关注。
他们希望人们不要只注重物质的享受,而要关注人性的良善和情感的真挚。
4. 颂扬个性与英雄主义浪漫主义者颂扬个人的英雄主义,他们相信每个人都有独特的价值和使命,应该追求内心的真诚与自由。
他们崇尚英雄和英雄主义的精神,认为只有英雄主义的精神才能点燃人类的希望和前进的动力。
三、浪漫主义的文学代表作品1.《哥德尔》〈童话》,《童话》是浪漫主义的经典代表作之一,《童话》以它独特的情感表达和幻想世界的构建成为了浪漫主义文学中的代表作。
2. 《山水顿观》《山水顿观》是中国古代的一部浪漫主义诗文,其中强调对自然的吟咏和内心世界的表达,体现了浪漫主义的特点。
11、李斯特对音乐的贡献
(1)他首创交响诗,进一步拓展和深化了标题交响音乐的内涵,为管弦乐创立了新的艺术形式,采用单乐章结构和主题变形手法,对后世的音乐创作有极其重要的影响;
(2)他创作的十九首匈牙利狂想曲渗透了匈牙利民族特点,是钢琴音乐的典范作品,为后来的民族乐派的先声;
(3)他的超级练习曲创造了钢琴演奏领域的辉煌技巧,极大的丰富了钢琴教学与演奏;
(4)他强调钢琴的音乐效果,突破了前人的模式,使钢琴音乐具有交响性的管弦乐队的效果和史诗般的宏伟气势;
(5)在晚期作品中,致力于探索新的技法,这些探索对瓦格纳和印象式声乐产生了重要影响;
(6)作为魏玛乐派的带头人,他和柏辽兹、瓦格纳等倡导标题音乐,强调音乐与情感的联系,并与以勃拉姆斯为代表的莱比锡乐派展开激烈的学术之争,掀起了新的艺术潮流。
12、肖邦的降E大调华丽大圆舞曲(Op.18)在《猫和老鼠》中出现过。
13、俄罗斯“五人强力集团”又称“五人团”、“新俄罗斯乐派”、“巴拉基列夫小组”。
指由巴拉基列夫、穆索尔斯基、里姆斯基·科萨科夫、鲍罗丁、居伊等五位俄罗斯作曲家与艺术评论家斯塔索夫组成的作曲家社团。
“五人团”以发扬和促进俄罗斯民族音乐为宗旨。
强力集团成员的艺术思想受革命民主主义者车尔尼雪夫斯基等人影响较大。
强力集团继格林卡之后,为俄罗斯民族音乐的进一步发展作出了贡献。
李斯特舒伯特肖邦柏辽兹交响乐团。
美国文学史浪漫主义时期文学摘要:浪漫主义时期是美国文学史上最重要的时期之一。
当美国人在大刀阔斧地建设自己的国家时,也开始逐渐意识到逐渐与欧洲的不同。
随着不断增强的民族主义意识及民族自豪感,美国人开始希望见到自己的不同与欧洲模式,能表达他们字的美国风情的文学。
这个时代伟大的作家充满热情地记录下这个伟大时代的乐观主义精神。
随后美国文学进入了超验主义时代。
超验主义十分强调个人主义、自立、拒绝传统权威思想。
它实际上是对浪漫主义的发展。
然后,美国的国家自信心受到了内战的动摇。
内战过后,美国处在迷茫中。
在1900年前后这段时期的文学由于美国国内环境的变化而由浪漫主义和超验主义乐观精神转向对社会和人类本质更直接的探讨。
从某种角度,现实主义反对浪漫主义的理想主义和怀旧情绪。
它主要关注中下层人民的日常生活,而在这种情况下人物性格是社会因素作用的结果,环境是整个事件发展不可分割的部分。
关键词:美国文学史;浪漫主义;文学特点The Romantic Period Literature in the history of AmericanLiteratureAbstract: Romantic Period is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature. When Americans were constructing their country, they also began to realize their differences from their European counterparts. They began to hope to see an entirely different literature model which expressed American cultures. Great writers of that period captured on their pages the enthusiasm and the optimism of that dream. Later,American literature came to Transcendentalism Period which emphasized individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of tradition authority. It was actually greatly influenced by romanticism. However, the country’s confidence was waved by the Civil War. After the war, Americans got lost. At about 1900s, American literature came to another entirely different age—the age of Realism. Realists searched for the social and human nature more directly. In part, Realism was a reaction against the Romantic emphasis on the strange, idealistic, and long-ago and far-away. It has been chiefly concerned with the commonplaces of everyday life among the middle and lower classes where character is a product of social factors and environment is the integral element in the dramatic complications.Keywords: American Literature History; Romanticism; Literary characteristics1、American RomanticismRomanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s experience of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. The romantic period of American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It was an age of westward expansion, of the increasing gravity of the slavery question, of an intensification of the spirit of embattled sectionalism in the South, and of a powerful impulse to reform in the North. In literature it was America’s first great creative period, a full flowering of the romantic impulse on American soil.1.1The unique characteristics of American RomanticismAlthough greatly influenced by their English counterparts, the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e,(1) the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America's landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams.and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. (2) The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales, in Thoreau's Walden and,later, in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (3) With the growth of American national consciousness, American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. (4)Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. (5) Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesserwriters.historical reasonsWith the independence of the United States of America, political autonomy, the rise of the economy, and cultural independence, the largest land expansion in American history began during the Romantic period of the United States. As of 1860, the Civil War began, the territory of the United States extended to the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. No one could have predicted the middle of 19th century. The United States expanded from just 13 states in her early days to 21, with a nearly eightfold increase in the number of citizens from 4 million in 1790 to 1860. The total population of the country reached 30 million. At that time, the European bourgeois revolution and technological revolutionThe influence of life, this young country has experienced the rapid industrialization of baptism, the affected area in addition to the United States at each city area, including the vast rural areas. Whether industrial or agricultural development are the extensive use of the steam engine, in the vast continent of the United States, many factories such as a large number of factories set up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain, the establishment of the inevitable with the demand for labor force increase, at the same time, when the United States appeared a lot of new inventions, these results quickly applied to the life, the production efficiency is greatly improved. In the romantic period, along with the rapid development of American politics, economy, culture, more and more around the worldImmigrants come to the United States, provide good human resources the arrival of immigrants to the industrial and agricultural development.epilogueThe peak period of Romanticism in American literature was the transcendentalism which appeared later.The concept of transcendentalism was first put forward by the New England Transcendentalism Club in 1830s.For the people of the New World,the idea was gradually accepted by American culture,the two most important writers were Emerson and Thoreau.They are regarded as the archetypal figures of American transcendentalism.Their works play an important role in thespiritual independence of American literature.Transcendentalism emphasizes the help of heaven to help the self-help.Strive to achieve the goal of self-improvement.Two other important writers,Hawthorne and Melvil,insisted on the original sin in the period of the moralism.They believed that only through moral constraints could human nature be promoted.reference documentation[1]Leslie A Fiedler. Love and Death in the merican Novel [M]. Harmondswort: Penguin Books, 1984.[2]Zhang Deming . Huckleberry. Adventures > and adult ceremony [J]. Journal of Zhejiang University, 1999. (4):91-97.[3]Jung .C.G.Conception of Collective unconsciousness [A] .trans by Wang Ai, selected by Ye Shuxian. Myth-archetypal criticism [C] .Xi 'an: Shaanxi normal University Press, 1987.101.[4]Bakhtin. Theory of novels [M] .translated by Bai Chunren, Xiao he .Shijiazhuang: Hebei Education Press, 1998.。
固定乐思:柏辽兹创用的格言主题,即在交响曲中反复出现,并可根据音乐发展需要而变形的主题,《幻想交响曲》是最能体现固定乐思的例子。
主题变形:李斯特在交响诗中运用的主题发展手法。
即一部交响诗中所有主题都来源于一个动机源头,各主题可作变形以适应音乐的发展,如《前奏曲》中的“疑问动机”。
标题交响曲;带有文字说明或者与文学或绘画作品相联系的交响曲。
柏辽兹的《幻想交响曲》的个乐章都有作曲家亲自写作的文字说明。
以指导听众正确的理解作品的内容。
舒伯特:600多首艺术歌曲和9部交响曲,魔王取材与歌德采用通谱歌,自传性的歌曲套曲:美丽的磨坊姑娘和冬之旅。
同名艺术歌曲写作的室内乐鳟鱼五重奏和死神与少女四重奏。
B小调第八交响曲只写了两个乐章是为完成的.门德尔松:1892年马太受难曲。
仲夏夜之梦序曲是第一部真正的音乐会序曲。
舒曼:创办了音乐评论杂志新音乐,赞扬柏辽兹等的才能,推荐肖邦,勃拉姆斯等人。
自传性的艺术歌曲套曲《桃金娘,诗人之恋。
妇女的爱情与生活。
肖邦:钢琴舞曲马祖卡具有乡土气息,圆舞曲开创了约翰斯特劳斯的风格,波罗乃兹,夜曲是菲尔德首创,在肖邦那里发展。
柏辽兹:第一部标题交响曲,幻想交响曲,每一乐章都有标题文字说明,叫固定乐思。
Development of sentimentalism andpre-romanticism in poetrypoetry of sensibility (the middle decades)❑3 schools:nature poetsOliver Goldsmith (奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯) “The Deserted Village” 《荒村》(1770)the school of the graveyard poetryMedievalism❑changes from Neo-classicismtheme: from life to death, human nature to wild naturepoet: from moral instructor to retrospective confessorattitude: from the healthy, hopeful idea of life to an uncertain, pessimistic view of lifeRomantic Period (1798-1832)浪漫主义时期⏹Background❑Industrial Revolution (late 18th century & early 19thcentury)❑1789-94 French Revolution⏹“liberty, eq uality, fraternity(友爱)”❑1803-15 Napoleonic War❑Thomas Paine: The Rights of Man (1791-92)❑1832 Reform BillRomanticism⏹Romanticism gets its name from romance, the literary from in which desires and dreams prevail over everyday realities. The movement may be regarded as the triumph of the values of imaginative spontaneity, visionary, originality, wonder, and emotional self-expression over the classical standards of balance, order, restraint, proportion, and objectivity. It marks a profound transformation in artistic style, in cultural attitudes, and in the relations between artist and society in literature and other arts in the first half of the 19th century.⏹浪漫主义是对新古典主义的反驳:诗歌内容不再是对现实的反映或道德说教,而是诗人内心涌出的真实感情;诗歌语言不是模仿经典作家去追求高雅精致,而是要贴近普通人的日常用语。
浪漫主义时期音乐风格和特点学院:姓名:班级:学号:指导老师:【摘要】文章通过探究浪漫主义时期的钢琴、小提琴、木管乐器和铜管乐器的风格特点,来总结浪漫主义时期的总体音乐特征。
浪漫主义时期钢琴音乐风格可以归结为民族性、情感化、个性化、标题性、新精神这五点;小提琴的演奏风格顺应了浪漫主义时期的大体趋势,表现形式有了很大的突破;木管乐器和铜管乐器在交响音乐中的地位进一步提升,交响音乐变得更加有震撼和亲和力。
【关键词】浪漫主义音乐钢琴小提琴铜管乐器【正文】19世纪初,西方音乐中浪漫主义风气逐渐成为时代的主导,在音乐史从此后的一百余年被称作浪漫主义时期。
浪漫主义时期音乐风格自由奔放,大胆热情,艺术大师层出不穷,是西方音乐史上最辉煌灿烂的一页。
浪漫主义时期音乐不同于之前的古典主义音乐及更早的巴洛克时期音乐,这个时期强调用个性化语言表达个人的思想感情和艺术感受,此外对大自然景物的表现占有越来越重要的地位,音乐中民族民间的内容和情感更加丰富,并且在体裁和表现形式上都有很大创新,这四点可概况为浪漫主义音乐的主要特征。
贝多芬、罗西尼等人开创了浪漫主义时期音乐的先河,初期阶段的音乐家有舒伯特、柏辽兹,门德尔松、舒曼和肖邦等人进一步完善了浪漫主义音乐,柴可夫斯基和李斯特更是将浪漫主义音乐推到顶峰,施特劳斯等人的作品则属于浪漫主义晚期了。
一. 浪漫主义时期钢琴音乐特点浪漫主义时期是一个注重自我表现、抒发作曲家个人思想与情感的时代,尤其本时期的钢琴音乐不论在题材、体裁还是创作手法上都达到了前所未有的高度和广度,浪漫主义时期的作曲家钟爱钢琴音乐的创作与表现,与西方音乐史的其他几个音乐分期纵向比较,浪漫主义时期的钢琴音乐具有民族性、个性化、情感化、新精神和标题性的五大特征,并不约而同的形成了特有的作曲家群体、流派和代表,这是以往的音乐历史分期所不可替代和比拟的。
肖邦、李斯特、拉赫玛尼诺夫、德彪西等都开创了钢琴音乐的新风格和新的创作理念;舒曼、舒伯特、勃拉姆斯、沃尔夫等音乐家艺术歌曲中的钢琴伴奏也开创了钢琴音乐新的伴奏织体和写作意识。
英美文学史5浪漫主义俩个时期的代表人物:第一代:布莱克、彭斯、华兹华斯第二代:拜伦、雪莱、济慈The Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义----Romantic writing emphasizes emotionsand feelings instead of reason and logic . 浪漫主义强调的是情感和感觉而不是理性和逻辑。
The time begins with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads(1798),ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)浪漫主义开始的标志是华兹华斯的《抒情诗集》(他和S.T Coleridge联合发表的)发表,结束于斯科特的去世。
一.俩大派别:Lake poets湖畔派诗人(又称:Escapist poets逃避诗人Negativepoets消极诗人): Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治Satanic poets魔鬼派(又称:Active poets积极诗人) :Lord Byron拜伦、Shelley雪莱、Keats济慈二.William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯-----poet-laureate桂冠诗人Lake poets湖畔派诗人(又称:Escapist poets逃避诗人Negative poets消极诗人):Wordsworth华兹华斯、Southey骚赛、Coleridge柯勒律治作品:I wandered Lonely as a Cloud我孤独的漫游,像云朵一样(选自The Daffodils《黄水仙》)She Dwelt Among theUntrodden Ways她居住在人迹罕至的地方(mourning悲伤的、Dwelt居住)补充了解:1.其他作品Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺、The Prelude序曲(自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry)、The Excursion、the Lucy poems《露西诗》2.Symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas or concepts.符号是用来代表抽象事物的概念His style:simplicity and purity of the language,love of nature,fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry.简单而纯洁的语言,反传统形式的18世纪诗歌。