必修5unit4语法
倒装句
英语的自然语序是主语+ 谓语（+其他成分）。
有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装语序。将谓语部分或完全放在主语之前。只将助动词或情态动词或系动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。将谓语动词放在主语之前称为完全倒装。
一、部分倒装（一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是部分倒装）
1、only在句首修饰（状语）副词、介词短语、状语从句。（修饰名词代词（主语）时不倒装）
∙Only by working hard can we succeed.
∙Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
∙Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
∙Only he is the right person for the job.
2、否定或半否定意义的副词、连词或介词短语在句首，部分倒装
∙Little did he realize that we were watching his every move.
∙Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.
∙Never shall I forget the past bitter days.
∙Seldom have I felt so lonely now.
∙No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go.
∙Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tire.
∙By no means should we look down upon the people who are inferior to us.
Eg:
●not only…but also, 当not only位于句首，其引导的分句部分倒装。
Not only did they take away everything he had but also his German citizenship.
●not until 引导的从句放在句首，主句部分倒装
Not until you had shown me how to do it did I manage to do it.
●neither…nor…，neither 和nor在其引导的分句句首时，两个分句都部分倒装
Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.
3、频度副词在句首(often, frequently, always, many, times)，部分倒装
∙Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.
∙Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.
4So开头的句子（肯定句），说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装∙----My room gets very cold at night.
----So does mine.
5 neither, nor开头的句子（否定句）说某人某事与前边提到过的相同时，部分倒装
∙If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, neither will he.
∙Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and neither was I.
(上面的两种句式都可用So it is / was with sb./sth.来替换)
6、so…that…; such…that…句型，若把so或such及其所修饰的部分放在句首，主句部分倒
装，that引导的结果状语从句语序正常。
∙So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.
∙Such rapid progress did the boy get that his father gave his permission to travel.
二、完全倒装
1、表地点或方位的副词、介词、介词短语放在句首时，完全倒装
**“there be”句型实际上是完全倒装。主语在be后。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
* There is a box on the table.
* There came shouts for help from the river.
* There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
* Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
** in, out, back, up, down, off, away, here, there等词在句首，完全倒装。
(但若主语为人称代词，不倒装)
∙South of the city lies a big steel factory.
∙Nearby were two chemical works.
∙Inside the garden grow a variety of flowers.
∙Look! Here comes the bus. Oh, here it comes.
∙Listen! There goes the bell. Oh, there it goes.
∙Just then the door opened and in came a woman.
∙Hearing his names called, out he rushed.
2、now, then, thus开头的一些固定句型，完全倒装
∙Now comes your turn to answer the question.
∙The Anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. Then followed China’s Liberation War.
∙Thus began the reform.
3、表语位于句首时，完全倒装（表语+系动词+主语）
Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.
Gone are the days
1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
3. 在here，there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
Ex：There ________. And here ________.
A. goes the phone; she comes
B. is the phone going; is she
C. does the phone go; does she come
D. the phone goes; come she
4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人
