定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法
一．定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。
三、关系代词的用法
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）
2.which
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）
The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）
3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The boys who are
playing football are from Class One.
翻译：
4.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。例如：Mr. Ling is just the man
whom I want to see.
翻译：
5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
2. 关系词只能用that的情况：
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b. 被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one
等不定代词时；例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？
你在商店里有什么要买的东西吗？
c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时；例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人和物时；例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
1. Do you know the man who is talking with our teacher?
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
2. This is the doctor whom I saw yesterday.
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
3. Do you like the book whose color is blue?
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
4. I’ve lost the pen which I like best.
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
5. The person that telephoned me is a reporter
先行词是，关系代词是，指（人/物），在定语从句中作语。
做题思路：
1、首先要分清主句与从句；
2、然后找出先行词
3、分析从句中缺少什么成分；
4、再看先行词指人，还是指物；
5、在此基础上，选定恰当的关系代词。
1. The man ____ is standing there is my father.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
2. The girl ______coat is red is waiting at the gate
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that of which.
3. That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
