南京大学考博英语真题语法专项突破训练及解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic（）for their child.问题1选项A.ambitionsB.intentionsC.propositionsD.aspirations【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。

ambition “野心”；intention “目的”；proposition “提议”；aspiration “抱负”。

句意：只有一个孩子的父母对他们孩子的学业有更高的期望。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。

impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。

句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题Competition, they believe, （）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。

enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。

句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题The teacher' role is not simply to（）knowledge to student; he should also set a good example for them.问题1选项A.provideB.impartC.shareD.stretch【答案】B【解析】动词词义解析。

南京师范大学考博英语真题语法专项突破训练及解析南京师范大学考博英语真题语法专项突破训练及解析1.Taking more vitamin than the body needs does not make it function better,_________over-fulfilling the oil lamp makes it lighten better.A.no more thanB.any more thanC.not more thanD.much more than2.Do you have any idea what Jim does all Sunday?Hespends_________as much time idling about as he does.Xu yao quan guo ge da yuan xiao kao bo ying yu zhen ti shi juan qing jia qq：qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi,huo er ba jiu ling ling liu si san wu yi.ye ke yi bo da quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba xiang shou kao bo fu dao ti yan.A.his studyB.studyingC.to studyD.on his study3.The student I am teaching this year is much more intelligent than_________I taught last year.A.thatB.oneC.the oneD.those4.Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, _________the experienced writer in the handling of his words.A.and so isB.as isC.the same isD.so is5.The new hotel has erected a beautiful building with recreation area and conference facilities on the top floor_________the finest view of the city can be obtained.A.in whichB.over whichC.whereD.there试题答案及解析：6..Bnot…any more than…“与……同样不……”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （） of a very hard winter. 问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。

句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。

选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.3.单选题I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you —regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship，” US Congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a pe rson consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death. ”Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat. ’’ Dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population，” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone s hould practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt,if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hay es Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension. ’’ In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium, obesity (much more dangerous than sodium), generic predisposition, stress.“ It is not your enemy，” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don’t need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-rela ted health problem, there is no reason to give it up. ”1.According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（）2.From Dr. Dustan’s study we can infer that（）3.In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）4.What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.问题4选项A.That the salt scare is not justified.B.That the origin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C 第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节理解题。

南京大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析directions：in the following article，some sentences have been removed.for questions1-5，choose the most suitable one from the list a―g to fit into each of the numbered blank.there are two extra choices，which do not fit in any of the gaps.it seems to me there are two aspects to women.there is the demure and the dauntless.men have loved to dwell，in fiction at least，on the demure maiden whose inevitable reply is：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！the demure maiden，the demure spounse，the demure Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi mother―this is still the ideal.a few maidens，mistresses and mothers are demure.a few pretend to be.but the vast majority are not.and they don‘t pretend to be.we don’t expect a girl skilfully driving her car to be demure，we expect her to be dauntless.what good would demure and maidenly members of parliament be，inevitably responding：oh，yes，if you please，kind sir！―though of course there are masculine members of that kidney.―and a demure telephone girl？or even a demure stenographer？demureness，to be sure，is outwardly becoming，it is an outward mark of femininity，like bobbed hair.but it goes with inward dauntlessness.1）with the two kinds of femininity go two kinds of confidence：there are the women who are cocksure，and the women who are hensure.a really up-to-date woman is a cocksure woman.she doesn‘t have adoubt nor a qualm.she is the modern type.whereas the old-fashioned demure woman was sure as a hen is sure，that is，without knowing anything about it.she went quietly and busily cluciking around，laying the eggs and mothering the chickens in a kind of anxious dream that still was full of sureness.but not mental sureness.her sureness was a physical condition，very soothing，but a condition out of which she could easily be startled or frightened.it is quite amusing to see the two kinds of sureness in chickens. the cockerel is，naturally，cocksure.he crows because he is certain it is day.，then the hen peeps out from under her wing.he marches to the door of the henhouse and pokes out his lead assertively：ah ha！daylight，of course，just as i said！―and he majestically steps down the chicken ladder towards terra firma，knowing that the hens will step cautiously after him，drawn by his confidence.so after him，cautiously，step the hens.he crows again：ha-ha！here we are！―it is indisputable，and the hens accept it entirely.he marches towards the house.from the house a person ought to appear，scattering corn. why does the person not appear？the cock will see to it.he is cocksure. he gives a loud crow in the doorway，and the person appears.the hens are suitably impressed but immediately devote all their henny consciousness to the scattered corn，pecking absorbedly，while the cock runs and fusses，cocksure that he is responsible for it all.so the day goes on.the cock finds a tit-bit，and loudly calls the hens.they scuffle up in henny surety，and gobble the tit-bit.but when they find a juicy morsel for themselves，they devour it in silence，hensure.unless，of course，there are little chicks，when they most anxiously call the brood.but in her own dim surety，the hen is really much surer than the cock，in a differenty way.she marches off to lay her egg，she secures obstinately the nest she wants，she lays her egg at last，then steps forth again with prancing confidence，and gives that most assured of all sounds，the hensure cackle of a bird who has laid her egg.the cock，who is never so sure about anything as the hen is about the egg she has laid，immediately starts to cackle like the female of his species.he is pining to be hensure，for hensure is so much surer than cocksure.nevertheless，cocksure is boss.when the chickenhawk appears in the sky，loud are the cockerel‘s calls of alarm.then the hens scuffle under the verandah，the cock ruffles his feathers on guard.the hens are numb with fear，they say：alas，there is no health in us！how wonderful to be a cock so bold！―and they huddle，numbed.but their very numbness is hensurety.just as the cock can cackle，however，as if he had laid the egg，so can the hen bird crow.she can more or less assume his cocksurensess.2）it seems to me just the same in the vast human farmyard.only nowadays all the cocks are cackling and pretending to lay eggs，and all the hens are crowing and pretending to call the sun out of bed.3）so the women step forth with a good loud cock-a-doodle-do！the tragedy about cocksure women is that they are more cocky，in their assurance，than the cock himself.they never realize that when the cock gives his loud crow in he morning，he listens acutely afterwards，to hear if some other wretch of a cock dare crow defiance，challenge.to the cock，there is always defiance，challenge，danger and death on the clear air；or the possibility thereof.but alas，when the hen crows，she listens for no defiance or challenge.when she says cock-a-doodle-do！then it is unanswerable. the cock listens for an answer，alert.but the hen knows she is unanswerable.cock-a-dooodle-do！and there it is，take it or leave it！4）it is the tragedy of the modern woman.she becomes cocksurem，she puts all her passion and energy and years of her life into some effort or assertion，without ever listening for the denial which she ought to take into count.she is cocksure，but she is a new all the time.frightened of her own henny self，she rushes to mad lengths about votes，or welfare，or sports，or business：she is marvellous，out-manning the man.but alas，it is all fundamentally disconnected. it is all an attitude，and one day the attitude will become a weird cramp，a pain，and then it will collapse.and when it has collapsed，and she looks at the eggs she has laid，votes，or miles of typewriting，years of business efficiency―suddenly，because she is a hen and not a cock，all she has done will turn into pure nothingness to her.5）[a]if women today are cocksure，men are hensure.men are timid，tremulous，rather soft and submissive，easy in their very henliketremulousness.they only want to be spoken to gently.[b]the girl who has got to make her way in life has got to be dauntless，and if she has a pretty，demure manner with it，then luck girl.she kills two birds with two stones.[c]conventional ideas about women seems pretty much cut and dried in the modern society.[d]and yet she is never so easy，cocksure，as she used to be when she was hensure.cocksure，she is cocksure，but uneasy.hensure，she trembles，but is easy.[e]and it is this that makes the cocksureness of women so dangerous，so devastating.it is really out of scheme，it is not in relation to the rest of things.so we have the tragedy of cocksure women.they find，so often，that instead of having laid an egg，they have laid a vote，or an emply ink-bootle，or some other absolutely unhatchable object，means nothing to them.[f]but the women pointed out the men had not produced anything，and the human race was pretty much starving.[g]suddenly it all falls out of relation to her basic henny self，and she realizes she has lost her life.the lovely henny surety，the hensureness which is the real bliss of every female，has been denied her：she had never had it.having lived her life with such utmost strenuousness and cocksureness，she has missed her life altogether. nothingness！答案及解析1）b.为生计所打拼的女孩子不得不勇敢无畏，如果她举止又温驯娴淑，那么她就是个幸运的女孩子。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They are no longer on speaking terms because she（）his confidence.问题1选项A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。

句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题We will see（） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that 【答案】D【解析】考查语法。

see to it th at “确保，务必”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题The（）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。

fraudulence “欺诈性”；arrival “到达”；dawn “黎明，开端”；advent “到来，出现”。

句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。

processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（）a continuous mass of water on the Earth’s surface, all continents are islands in the strict sense of the word.问题1选项A.The form of the oceansB.Since the oceans formC.To form the oceansD.That the oceans form【答案】B【解析】语法知识。

考查状语从句，前半句是一个since 引导的时间状语从句。

句意“自从海洋在地球表面形成了一块整体的水域，所有的大洲从严格意义上来说都是岛屿。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题Competition, they believe, （）the national character than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens 【答案】D【解析】考查近义动词词义辨析。

enforce “强迫，强制”，confirm “确定”，intensify“使变得更强烈”，strengthen“增强力量”。

句意：他们相信竞争能增强民族性，而不是使民族堕落。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题What we today call American folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increa sing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing numbers of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England—especially Connecticut and Massachusetts-for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades after the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States’ population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to the original thirteen. During these years the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by the camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.But in the heyday of portrait painting — from the late eighteenth century until t he 1850’s—anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist was called. Local craftspeople一sign, coach, and house painters一began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvases, and brushes and to travel the countryside, often combining house decorating with portrait painting.1.In Lines 3-5 the author mentions seventeenth-century Dutch burghers as an example of a group that（）2.According to the passage，where were many of the first American folk art portraits painted?（）3.The word “this” in Line 8 refers to（）4.T he phrase “ushering in” in Line 14 is closest in meaning to（）5.According to the passage, which of the following contributed to a decline in the demand for paint portraits?（）问题1选项A.consisted mainly of self-taught artists.B.appreciated portraits.C.influenced American folk art.D.had little time for the arts.问题2选项A.In western New York.B.In Illinois and Missouri.C.In Connecticut and Massachusetts.D.In Ohio.问题3选项A.a strong craft tradition.B.American folk art.C.New England.D.western New York.问题4选项A.beginning.B.demanding.C.publishing.D.increasing.问题5选项A.The lack of a strong craft tradition.B.The westward migration of many painters.C.The growing preference for landscape paintings.D.The invention of the camera.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。

考博英语词汇语法练习题(附答案详解)考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、全真模拟试题Spanish, he attendedtheA. he was knowingB.C. having a knowledgeofatletter to James. However, you didn’t. A. ought to write B. ought toC. should writeD.should3. Joseph was verylucky he almost did not getoutA. to escapeB. tohaveC. to escapingD. tobe4.Breadand buttered byWestA. isB. areC. were5. The back garden of ourhouse contains alawn,pleasantA. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where itis6. He set up inbusiness was verA. inB. ofC. onD.7. John’s score on the testis the highest in theclass;A. must studyB. shouldC. must have studiedD. is sure to study8. Frank almost never received anyeducation,A. would heC. didn’t heD.wouldn’t9. Even if hisletterA. willarrive...is B.should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD.arrives...would 10. WecanhearA. just as goodB. just aseasyC. just as wellD.easily11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two_____A.coatsB. levelsC. timesD.12. The smallmountainthe snow for morethanA. cut backB.C.cut off13. Miss Greenwas _____$100fordriving after drinking.A.fined B. charged C. punished D. posed14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A.intensive B. weighty C. intense D. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A.maximum B. minority C.majority D. minimum18. Nancy was surprised______. They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. brokendownC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ______to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age. By age60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and 50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensible B. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ______from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ______in Janet’s character has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming您的得分率为：/ 25试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语，但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Manufacturing is China’s most important economic activity, （）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。

四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。

句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。

本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

2.单选题New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods （）.问题1选项A.efficientB.emergentC.obsoleteD.nostalgic【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。

efficient “有效率的”；emergent “紧急的”；obsolete “过时的”；nostalgic “怀旧的”。

句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。

句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（） emotion.问题1选项pellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。

句意：乐趣是在一种行为中体会到的。

快乐是在行为之后体会到的。

快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The work in the office was（） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；hamper “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使……困惑，使……为难”。

句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to（）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。