RESEARCH ON PARALLEL DECISION ANALYZING FOR COMPLEX SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨工程大学第一章测试1.All life has intelligence The following statements about intelligence arewrong（）A:All life has intelligence B:Bacteria do not have intelligence C:At present,human intelligence is the highest level of nature D:From the perspective of life, intelligence is the basic ability of life to adapt to the natural world答案:Bacteria do not have intelligence2.Which of the following techniques is unsupervised learning in artificialintelligence?（）A:Neural network B:Support vector machine C:Decision tree D:Clustering答案:Clustering3.To which period can the history of the development of artificial intelligencebe traced back?（）A:1970s B:Late 19th century C:Early 21st century D:1950s答案:Late 19th century4.Which of the following fields does not belong to the scope of artificialintelligence application?（）A:Aviation B:Medical C:Agriculture D:Finance答案:Aviation5.The first artificial neuron model in human history was the MP model,proposed by Hebb.（）A:对 B:错答案:错6.Big data will bring considerable value in government public services, medicalservices, retail, manufacturing, and personal location services. （）A:错 B:对答案:对第二章测试1.Which of the following options is not human reason:（）A:Value rationality B:Intellectual rationality C:Methodological rationalityD:Cognitive rationality答案:Intellectual rationality2.When did life begin? （）A:Between 10 billion and 4.5 billion years B:Between 13.8 billion years and10 billion years C:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years D:Before 13.8billion years答案:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years3.Which of the following statements is true regarding the philosophicalthinking about artificial intelligence?（）A:Philosophical thinking has hindered the progress of artificial intelligence.B:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development of artificialintelligence. C:Philosophical thinking is only concerned with the ethicalimplications of artificial intelligence. D:Philosophical thinking has no impact on the development of artificial intelligence.答案:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development ofartificial intelligence.4.What is the rational nature of artificial intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively with humans. B:The ability to feel emotions and express creativity. C:The ability to reason and make logicaldeductions. D:The ability to learn from experience and adapt to newsituations.答案:The ability to reason and make logical deductions.5.Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational nature ofartificial intelligence?（）A:The rational nature of artificial intelligence includes emotional intelligence.B:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logical reasoning.C:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is not important for itsdevelopment. D:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is only concerned with mathematical calculations.答案:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logicalreasoning.6.Connectionism believes that the basic element of human thinking is symbol,not neuron; Human's cognitive process is a self-organization process ofsymbol operation rather than weight. （）A:对 B:错答案:错第三章测试1.The brain of all organisms can be divided into three primitive parts:forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Specifically, the human brain is composed of brainstem, cerebellum and brain (forebrain). （）A:错 B:对答案:对2.The neural connections in the brain are chaotic. （）A:对 B:错答案:错3.The following statement about the left and right half of the brain and itsfunction is wrong （）.A:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logical thinking,and the right brain is responsible for language description. B:The left brain is like a scientist, good at abstract thinking and complex calculation, but lacking rich emotion. C:The right brain is like an artist, creative in music, art andother artistic activities, and rich in emotion D:The left and right hemispheres of the brain have the same shape, but their functions are quite different. They are generally called the left brain and the right brain respectively.答案:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logicalthinking, and the right brain is responsible for language description.4.What is the basic unit of the nervous system?（）A:Neuron B:Gene C:Atom D:Molecule答案:Neuron5.What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive functions?（）A:It is responsible for sensory processing. B:It is involved in emotionalprocessing. C:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions. D:It isinvolved in motor control.答案:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.6.What is the definition of intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively. B:The ability to perform physicaltasks. C:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. D:The abilityto regulate emotions.答案:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.第四章测试1.The forward propagation neural network is based on the mathematicalmodel of neurons and is composed of neurons connected together by specific connection methods. Different artificial neural networks generally havedifferent structures, but the basis is still the mathematical model of neurons.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.In the perceptron, the weights are adjusted by learning so that the networkcan get the desired output for any input. （）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Convolution neural network is a feedforward neural network, which hasmany advantages and has excellent performance for large image processing.Among the following options, the advantage of convolution neural network is（）.A:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction B:Weight sharingC:Translation invariance D:Strong robustness答案:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction;Weightsharing;Strong robustness4.In a feedforward neural network, information travels in which direction?（）A:Forward B:Both A and B C:None of the above D:Backward答案:Forward5.What is the main feature of a convolutional neural network?（）A:They are used for speech recognition. B:They are used for natural languageprocessing. C:They are used for reinforcement learning. D:They are used forimage recognition.答案:They are used for image recognition.6.Which of the following is a characteristic of deep neural networks?（）A:They require less training data than shallow neural networks. B:They havefewer hidden layers than shallow neural networks. C:They have loweraccuracy than shallow neural networks. D:They are more computationallyexpensive than shallow neural networks.答案:They are more computationally expensive than shallow neuralnetworks.第五章测试1.Machine learning refers to how the computer simulates or realizes humanlearning behavior to obtain new knowledge or skills, and reorganizes the existing knowledge structure to continuously improve its own performance.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.The best decision sequence of Markov decision process is solved by Bellmanequation, and the value of each state is determined not only by the current state but also by the later state.（）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Alex Net's contributions to this work include: （）.A:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time B:Use the modified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function C:Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool D:Use the Dropouttechnology to selectively ignore the single neuron during training to avoid over-fitting the model答案:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time;Use themodified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function;Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool;Use theDropout technology to selectively ignore the single neuron duringtraining to avoid over-fitting the model4.In supervised learning, what is the role of the labeled data?（）A:To evaluate the model B:To train the model C:None of the above D:To test the model答案:To train the model5.In reinforcement learning, what is the goal of the agent?（）A:To identify patterns in input data B:To minimize the error between thepredicted and actual output C:To maximize the reward obtained from theenvironment D:To classify input data into different categories答案:To maximize the reward obtained from the environment6.Which of the following is a characteristic of transfer learning?（）A:It can only be used for supervised learning tasks B:It requires a largeamount of labeled data C:It involves transferring knowledge from onedomain to another D:It is only applicable to small-scale problems答案:It involves transferring knowledge from one domain to another第六章测试1.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is （）.A:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation by calculating the mean vector of the offset. B:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation,region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete imagesegmentation. C:Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objectsconnected in the image. D:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as themaximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire image答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.2.Camera calibration is a key step when using machine vision to measureobjects. Its calibration accuracy will directly affect the measurementaccuracy. Among them, camera calibration generally involves the mutualconversion of object point coordinates in several coordinate systems. So,what coordinate systems do you mean by "several coordinate systems" here?（）A:Image coordinate system B:Image plane coordinate system C:Cameracoordinate system D:World coordinate system答案:Image coordinate system;Image plane coordinate system;Camera coordinate system;World coordinate systemmonly used digital image filtering methods:（）.A:bilateral filtering B:median filter C:mean filtering D:Gaussian filter答案:bilateral filtering;median filter;mean filtering;Gaussian filter4.Application areas of digital image processing include:（）A:Industrial inspection B:Biomedical Science C:Scenario simulation D:remote sensing答案:Industrial inspection;Biomedical Science5.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is ( ).A:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as the maximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire imageB: Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objects connected in the image. C:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset. D:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation, region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete image segmentation.答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.第七章测试1.Blind search can be applied to many different search problems, but it has notbeen widely used due to its low efficiency.（）A:错 B:对答案:对2.Which of the following search methods uses a FIFO queue （）.A:width-first search B:random search C:depth-first search D:generation-test method答案:width-first search3.What causes the complexity of the semantic network （）.A:There is no recognized formal representation system B:The quantifiernetwork is inadequate C:The means of knowledge representation are diverse D:The relationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive 答案:The means of knowledge representation are diverse;Therelationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive4.In the knowledge graph taking Leonardo da Vinci as an example, the entity ofthe character represents a node, and the relationship between the artist and the character represents an edge. Search is the process of finding the actionsequence of an intelligent system.（）A:对 B:错答案:对5.Which of the following statements about common methods of path search iswrong（）A:When using the artificial potential field method, when there are someobstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy to cause the path to be unreachable B:The A* algorithm occupies too much memory during the search, the search efficiency is reduced, and the optimal result cannot beguaranteed C:The artificial potential field method can quickly search for acollision-free path with strong flexibility D:A* algorithm can solve theshortest path of state space search答案:When using the artificial potential field method, when there aresome obstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy tocause the path to be unreachable第八章测试1.The language, spoken language, written language, sign language and Pythonlanguage of human communication are all natural languages.（）A:对 B:错答案:错2.The following statement about machine translation is wrong （）.A:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis andpragmatic analysis B:The essence of machine translation is the discovery and application of bilingual translation laws. C:The four stages of machinetranslation are retrieval, analysis, conversion and generation. D:At present,natural language machine translation generally takes sentences as thetranslation unit.答案:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis and pragmatic analysis3.Which of the following fields does machine translation belong to? （）A:Expert system B:Machine learning C:Human sensory simulation D:Natural language system答案:Natural language system4.The following statements about language are wrong: （）。

第 54 卷第 9 期2023 年 9 月中南大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)V ol.54 No.9Sep. 20233RPS-SPS 并联机构的力位混合冗余驱动控制张氢，赵伯伦，陈文韬，秦仙蓉，孙远韬(同济大学 机械与能源工程学院，上海，201804)摘要：为了提升冗余并联机构的运动精度和承载能力，以新型3RPS-SPS 冗余并联机构为对象，研究并联机构的驱动控制策略。

首先，对该并联机构运动学进行研究，根据螺旋理论分析了机构自由度；其次，运用解析法获得并联机构位置反解和位置正解的解析表达式；第三，根据位置反解表达式，求导得到速度、加速度模型，并通过拉格朗日法建立并联机构的动力学模型；最后，提出冗余驱动控制方式下的驱动力分配方法，设计了力位混合控制策略，并搭建了基于Simulink 的联合仿真系统进行仿真实验。

研究结果表明：该机构具有2个转动自由度和1个移动自由度，在2个转动自由度上，机构旋转运动的角度最大误差分别为5.66´10-4 rad 与3.45´10-4 rad ，在移动自由度机构平移运动的位移最大误差为4.01´10-2 mm ；所提出的力位混合控制策略的最大驱动力(66 N)小于传统位置控制策略的最大驱动力(190 N)，并且机构驱动支链驱动力在力位混合控制策略下的分配更均衡。

设计的控制策略使3RPS-SPS 并联机构具有了较高的运动精度和较强的承载能力。

关键词：并联机构；冗余驱动；力位混合控制；联合仿真；运动学；动力学中图分类号：TP112 文献标志码：A 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)文章编号：1672-7207（2023）09-3481-12Force/position hybrid control of 3RPS-SPS redundant parallelmechanismZHANG Qing, ZHAO Bolun, CHEN Wentao, QIN Xianrong, SUN Yuantao(College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)Abstract: In order to improve the motion accuracy and load-bearing capacity of redundant parallel mechanisms, the new 3RPS-SPS redundant parallel mechanism was taken as the research object and the drive control strategy of parallel mechanisms was studied. Firstly, kinematic analysis was conducted on the parallel mechanism, and the freedom degree was analyzed according to the screw theory. Secondly, the analytical expressions of the inverseposition solution and the positive position solution of the parallel mechanism were obtained by using the analytical收稿日期： 2022 −10 −15； 修回日期： 2022 −12 −01基金项目(Foundation item)：上海市科委重大科研计划资助项目(19DZ1100202) (Project(19DZ1100202) supported by theCommittee of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality)通信作者：张氢，博士，教授，从事重载机械装备、大型工程结构与设备开发与监控技术研究；E-mail ：*****************.DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2023.09.010引用格式： 张氢, 赵伯伦, 陈文韬, 等. 3RPS-SPS 并联机构的力位混合冗余驱动控制[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(9): 3481−3492.Citation: ZHANG Qing, ZHAO Bolun, CHEN Wentao, et al. Force/position hybrid control of 3RPS-SPS redundant parallel mechanism [J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2023, 54(9): 3481−3492.第 54 卷中南大学学报(自然科学版)method. Thirdly, according to the inverse position solution expression, the velocity and acceleration models were obtained. The dynamic model of the parallel mechanism was established by the Lagrangian method. The driving force distribution method in the redundant driving control mode of the mechanism was analyzed. Finally, a force/ position hybrid control strategy was designed on the basis of kinematics and dynamics analysis. Simulation experiments were conducted on a co-simulation system based on Simulink. The results show that the mechanism has two rotational degrees of freedom and one moving degree of freedom. The maximum angle errors of the mechanismon two rotational degrees of freedom are 5.66´10-4 rad and 3.45´10-4 rad, respectively. The maximum displacement error of the mechanism on the translational degree of freedom is 4.01´10-2 mm. Meanwhile, the maximum driving force(66 N) of the proposed force/position hybrid control strategy is smaller than the maximum driving force(190 N) of the traditional position control strategy. The distribution of the driving force of the mechanism driving branch chain is more balanced with the force/position hybrid control strategy. The designed control strategy makes the 3RPS-SPS parallel mechanism have higher kinematic accuracy and stronger bearing capacity.Key words: parallel mechanism; redundant drive; force-position hybrid control; co-simulation; kinematics; dynamics并联机构具有结构紧凑、运动精度高、机构刚度大和承载能力强[1]等优点。

Making important decisions is an integral part of life,whether its choosing a career path,selecting a university,or even deciding on a life partner.Heres a detailed look at how one might approach making significant decisions in English composition.Introduction:The first paragraph of an essay on important decisions should set the tone and introduce the topic.It could mention the inevitability of making choices and the impact these decisions can have on ones life.The Process of Decision Making:Identifying the Decision:The essay should explain the first step in the decisionmaking process,which is recognizing the need for a decision.This could involve weighing the pros and cons or considering the urgency of the situation.Gathering Information:The next step is to gather all relevant information.This could include researching,consulting with experts,or seeking advice from trusted individuals. Evaluating Options:Comparative Analysis:The essay should discuss how to compare different options.This might involve creating a list of criteria and evaluating each option against these criteria. Risk Assessment:Its also important to consider the potential risks and benefits associated with each choice.The essay could delve into how to assess these risks and how they might influence the final decision.Influence of Emotions:Emotional Impact:The essay could explore the role of emotions in decision making.It might discuss how emotions can cloud judgment and the importance of trying to make decisions based on rational thought.Balancing Emotions and Logic:It should also mention the need to balance emotions with logic to make wellrounded decisions.Seeking Advice:Value of External Perspectives:The essay should highlight the importance of seeking advice from others,especially when the decision is complex or has longterm implications. Selecting the Right Advisors:It could also discuss how to choose the right people to seek advice from,considering their experience,knowledge,and potential biases.Making the Decision:Finalizing the Choice:The essay should describe how to finalize the decision,taking into account all the information and analysis conducted.Committing to the Decision:Its important to discuss the commitment required once adecision is made,including the potential for change and the acceptance of consequences.Reflecting on the Decision:PostDecision Analysis:The essay could end with a section on reflecting on the decision made.This might involve evaluating the outcome and learning from the experience to improve future decisionmaking processes.Conclusion:The concluding paragraph should summarize the key points discussed in the essay and emphasize the importance of thoughtful and informed decision making in shaping ones life.Throughout the essay,its crucial to provide examples and perhaps personal anecdotes to illustrate the points made.This will not only make the essay more engaging but also help readers relate to the content and understand the complexities of making important decisions.。

高三英语学术研究方法创新思路探讨单选题30题1. In academic research, a method that involves collecting and analyzing data from a large number of people is called:A. Qualitative researchB. Quantitative researchC. Descriptive researchD. Exploratory research答案：B。

本题主要考查学术研究方法的定义。

选项A“Qualitative research”定性研究，侧重于对事物的性质、特征和意义进行描述和解释。

选项C“Descriptive research”描述性研究，主要是对现象进行详细的描述。

选项D“Exploratory research”探索性研究，旨在探索新的领域或问题。

而选项B“Quantitative research”定量研究，就是通过收集和分析大量的数据来得出结论。

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of academic research method?A. Historical researchB. Experimental researchC. Hypothetical researchD. Comparative research答案：C。

在学术研究中，选项A“Historical research”历史研究，通过研究过去的事件和情况来获取知识。

选项B“Experimental research”实验研究，通过控制变量来验证假设。

选项D“Comparative research”比较研究，对不同的事物进行对比分析。

而“Hypotheticalresearch”不是常见的学术研究方法类型。

3. The research method that focuses on understanding the meaning and experience of individuals is:A. Mixed-method researchB. Grounded theory researchC. Action researchD. Phenomenological research答案：D。

高二年级英语心理学初探单选题50题1. The state of being extremely sad and losing interest in life is often related to ______.A. AnxietyB. DepressionC. ObsessionD. Hallucination答案：B。

解析：A选项Anxiety是焦虑的意思，通常表现为过度担忧、不安；B选项Depression是抑郁，其特征包括极度悲伤、对生活失去兴趣等，符合题意；C选项Obsession是痴迷、困扰的意思，与悲伤和对生活失去兴趣无关；D选项Hallucination是幻觉，与题干所描述的心理状态无关。

2. A person who has an unreasonable fear of a particular thing is said to have ______.A. PhobiaB. ParanoiaC. AmnesiaD. Dementia答案：A。

解析：A选项Phobia指恐惧症，即对特定事物有不合理的恐惧；B选项Paranoia是偏执狂，主要表现为过度猜疑等，与对特定事物的恐惧无关；C选项Amnesia是失忆症，与恐惧无关；D选项Dementia是痴呆，与题干描述的对特定事物的恐惧不相关。

3. Which term refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others?A. EmpathyB. SympathyC. ApathyD. Antipathy答案：A。

解析：A选项Empathy是同理心，强调理解并分享他人的感受；B选项Sympathy更多是同情，只是表示对他人的不幸表示怜悯，并不一定理解和分享感受；C选项Apathy是冷漠，与理解和分享感受相反；D选项Antipathy是反感，与题干表达的意思完全不同。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.翻译题Read the following passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese. Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalization of scientific activity.No clear cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs science: exceptions can be found to any rule. (Nevertheless, the word 'amateur’ does carry a connota tion that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community, and in particular, may not fully share its values. The urowth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if theyto professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalization and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.【答案】另一结果是科研活动的日益专业化。

高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题(带答案)1.In the scientific research project, we need to collect data _____.A.accuratelyB.exactlyC.preciselyD.correctly答案：A。

“accurately”强调准确地，在科研项目中收集数据需要准确无误。

“exactly”表示确切地、完全地；“precisely”精确地，和“accurately”意思较为接近但在科研收集数据的场景下，“accurately”更常用；“correctly”正确地，通常用于方法等正确，不太符合收集数据的语境。

2.When presenting the research results, we should express our ideas _____.A.clearlyB.obviouslyC.apparentlyD.visibly答案：A。

“clearly”清晰地，在展示研究结果时要表达清晰。

“obviously”明显地；“apparently”显然地；“visibly”看得见地，后三个选项不太符合表达想法的语境。

3.The scientific research project requires ______ teamwork.A.cohesiveB.unitedC.cooperativeD.joined答案：C。

“cooperative”合作的，科研项目需要合作的团队合作。

“cohesive”有结合力的；“united”联合的；“joined”连接的，这三个选项不太符合团队合作的语境。

4.We must analyze the data ______ to draw accurate conclusions.A.thoroughlypletelyC.entirelyD.wholely答案：A。

“thoroughly”彻底地，分析数据需要彻底才能得出准确结论。

高一英语心理学理论单选题30题1. We often feel happy when we receive a compliment. This is an example of _____.A. motivationB. emotionC. perceptionD. cognition答案：B。

选项A“motivation”是动机；选项B“emotion”是情绪，感到开心是一种情绪反应；选项C“perception”是知觉；选项D“cognition”是认知。

题干中收到赞美感到开心是一种情绪表现，所以选B。

2. When you remember a past event, you are using your _____.A. short-term memoryB. long-term memoryC. sensory memoryD. working memory答案：B。

选项A“short-term memory”是短期记忆；选项B“long-term memory”是长期记忆，回忆过去事件是从长期记忆中提取；选项C“sensory memory”是感觉记忆；选项D“working memory”是工作记忆。

所以选B。

3. If you are afraid of spiders, this is an example of a _____.A. phobiaB. habitC. preferenceD. hobby答案：A。

选项A“phobia”是恐惧症，害怕蜘蛛是一种恐惧症的表现；选项B“habit”是习惯；选项C“preference”是偏好；选项D“hobby”是爱好。

所以选A。

4. When you solve a math problem, you are using your _____.A. creativityB. intelligenceC. memoryD. imagination答案：B。

1、The recent study on climate change emphasizes the urgent need for ________ in order to mitigate its severe impacts.A. sustainable development practicesB. increased consumption of fossil fuelsC. ignoring environmental regulationsD. prioritizing economic growth over ecology (答案：A)2、In the context of global trade, the term "tariff" refers to ________.A. a tax imposed on imported or exported goodsB. a subsidy provided to domestic producersC. an agreement to eliminate trade barriersD. the free flow of goods and services without restrictions (答案：A)3、Which of the following statements best describes the concept of "cultural relativism"?A. All cultures are equally advanced and should be judged by universal standards.B. Cultural practices should be evaluated within their own cultural context.C. Some cultures are inherently better than others.D. Cultural differences are irrelevant in today's globalized world. (答案：B)4、The author's primary purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A. argue against the use of technology in educationB. advocate for the integration of technology into classroomsC. describe the historical evolution of educational toolsD. analyze the negative effects of technology on student learning (答案：B)5、The phrase "the tipping point" in the passage refers to ________.A. the moment when a minor change leads to a significant effectB. the highest point of achievement in a particular fieldC. a gradual and steady process of improvementD. the initial stage of a project's development (答案：A)6、According to the article, which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by remote workers?A. Maintaining a healthy work-life balanceB. Limited opportunities for social interactionC. Increased productivity due to fewer distractionsD. Difficulties in separating work and personal spaces (答案：C)7、The research highlights the importance of ________ in enhancing team collaboration and innovation.A. strict hierarchical structuresB. open communication channelsC. individual competition within teamsD. minimizing face-to-face interactions (答案：B)8、In the field of artificial intelligence, "machine learning" involves ________.A. programming computers to perform specific tasks without adaptationB. enabling computers to learn and improve from data without being explicitly programmedC. using pre-determined algorithms for all problem-solving scenariosD. relying solely on human input for decision-making processes (答案：B)9、The main argument presented in the passage is that ________.A. renewable energy sources are not yet reliable enoughB. investing in renewable energy is crucial for sustainable developmentC. fossil fuels remain the most efficient energy sourceD. technological advancements have made traditional energy sources obsolete (答案：B)10、Which of the following best explains the concept of "digital footprint"?A. The physical space occupied by digital devicesB. The trail of data left behind by online activitiesC. The speed of internet connectionD. The amount of storage space on a digital device (答案：B)。

2023年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力题库及精品答案单选题（共100题）1、请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

A.hoaxB.hard workC.irksome taskD.special mission【答案】 A2、 Listening to loud music at rock concerts__________caused hearing loss in some teenagers．A.isB.areC.hasD.have【答案】 C3、Evidence came up ____ specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose【答案】 B4、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "ambient" in Paragraph 2?A.SurroundingB.FamiliarC.ForeignD.Local【答案】 A5、Without your help, we would not __________ the work in time.A.have completedB.had completedpletedpleting【答案】 A6、Which of the following about teaching assessment isinappropriate?A.Diagnostic assessment is a kind of test carried out after a teaching activityB.Formative assessment should be student-orientedC.Summative assessment is often carried out at the end of a termD.Portfolios,daily reports,and delivering speeches are all formative assessment【答案】 A7、Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?A.scanningB.setting the sceneC.skimmingD.paraphrasing【答案】 D8、Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble, but you can't appreciate just howmuch trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association. The report is about Ph.D. programs, which have been indecline since 2008. These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today, it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate, and, at the end of your program, you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job.A.The idea of designing a shorter programB.The completion of a degree in five yearsC.The idea of drafting a shorter dissertationD.The suggestions given in the M.L.A. report【答案】 A9、请阅读Passage l。