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2015年南京大学考博《英语》真题
(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)
一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure(总题数：20，分数：20.00)
1. The ambassador was accused of having ______ on domestic affairs.
" A.trespassed
" B.encroached
" C.entrenched
" D.invaded
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：近义词词义辨析。encroach，invade，trespass这三个词均指损害他人权利，侵占其财产或侵犯别国的领土。encroach通常指蚕食，即逐渐地、不声不响或偷偷摸摸地进入别国的领土，或攫取别人的财物，侵犯他人的权利，常与介词on或upon连用。invade暗示着明目张胆、凶残与暴行，常用来指一国武装侵略另一国。也可用来指疾病、虫害的侵袭。trespass是个法律用语，指未经许可进入私人土地，或非法侵入，常与on或upon连用。句中提及侵犯他国内政，encroach更加符合语境。entrench与on搭配使用时表示挖掘壕沟，与题意不符。故答案为B。
2. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste ______ the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.
" A.in terms of
" B.in favor of
" C.in spite of
" D.in place of
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：介词词组辨析。句中crops，weeds，animal waste与petroleum"石油"对比可知，这两组是性质不同的能源，由此可知空格处的词组应为"取代"的意思，选项中只有D表示"取代，替换"的意思。故答案为D。
3. As computer security systems become even more advanced, ______ the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.
" A.so much do
" B.so too do
" C.as much as
" D.as well as
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：语法知识。本句为主从复合句，空格处的句子为主句，选项C与选项D缺少谓语动词，
可排除。选项B是错误的结构。选项A是so引导的部分倒装结构，助动词do替代前面从句的谓语结构。故答案为A。
4. Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic ______ for their child.
" A.ambitions
" B.intentions
" C.propositions
" D.aspirations
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：名词词义辨析。ambition"野心，抱负"；intention"意图，目的"；proposition"命题，提议"；aspiration"渴望，抱负"。句中提及父母对儿女的期盼和渴望，故答案为A。
5. A series of attempts ______ made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task.
" A.were
" B.to be
" C.had been
" D.having been
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：语法知识。空格处是分词的独立主格结构做状语的用法，如果选择选项A与选项C原句就出现两个谓语而没有连词连接，不符合句法。选项B表示一般时态，而根据语境，一系列的尝试在认识到问题之前，空格中应使用过去完成时态结构。只有D选项是分词过去时态表被动。故答案为D。
6. Manufacturing is China's most important economic activity, ______ over 30 percent of the workforce.
" A.including
" B.engaging
" C.approximating
" D.accounting
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析：动词词义辨析。根据句意，空格填入的应为动词的现在分词形式，句中提及制造业雇用了30%的劳动力，选项中只有engaging有"雇佣"之意。故答案为B。
7. The writer seems to ______ between approving of Collin's actions and finding them disgusting.
" A.alter
" B.transform
" C.vacillate
" D.vibrate
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析：动词词组辨析。句意为：作家似乎在赞成考林的行为和不齿这些行为之间游移不定。选项中只有vacillate有"踌躇，犹豫，游移不定"的意思。故答案为C。
8. A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered, as when it is ______ at the market cross.
" A.proclaimed
" B.reclaimed
" C.acclaimed
" D.claimed
（分数：1.00）
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析：形近词词义辨析。四个单词均以一claim为词缀，但意义不同。proclaim"宣告，声明"；reclaim"收回，纠正：指收回或利用废物"；acclaim"欢呼，喝彩"；claim"要求，声称"。句意：不管是小声低语还是在市场门口大声叫喊，谎言终归是谎言。根据句意，答案为A。
9. The ______ of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.
" A.fraudulence
" B.arrival
" C.dawn
" D.advent
（分数：1.00）
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析：名词词义辨析。句中提及计算机技术的到来，因此答案在B和D之间选择。advent表示"到来，出现"，表示期待的事项的到来，一般指大一些的事情；arrival表示"到达"，一个人的到达，某一个特定地点的到达行为，或者是一种客观实践的完成、结束。advent更加符合语境，故答案为D。
10. Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of ______ in the family.
" A.controversy
" B.friction
" C.restriction
" D.contradiction
（分数：1.00）
A.
B. √
C.
