2012高考英语 考前30天之备战45分钟综合性过关小练习(二十)

考前30天之备战2012高考英语45分钟综合性过关小练习(九）注意事项：本练主要包括单项选择、阅读理解、任务型阅读三种题型。

一、单项选择请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1. Lu Xun was medical student before he turned writer.A.the; theB. the; aC. a; /D. a; a2. ---Oh dear! I’ve just b roken a vase.---Never mind. ______.A. You are welcomeB. You are so carelessC. It can’t be helpedD. Bad luck3. Bruce Li was the first Chinese actor Chinese Kungfu to the world.A. to make; widely knownB. making; widely knownC. made; to be widely knownD. making; be widely known4. —What a long film!—Well, maybe, .A. it’s really too longB. but I found it interestingC. that’s why I feel a little tiredD. I think we shouldn't have been here5. A teacher’s _____to education is worth great respect of the whole society because it brings benefits to the developmentof society.A. devotionB. principleC. identityD. guidance6. Although he has learned English for only two years, his written and oral communication skills are well ______average.A. overB. belowC. aboveD. within7. Such advice she was given proved almost worthless.A. thatB. whichC. asD. who8. —Tom, did you visit Yu Garden when in Shanghai?—No, I it, but I spent too much time shopping.A. must have visitedB. can’t have visitedC. could have visitedD. shouldn’t have visited9. Mr Johnson in China for 6 years by the time he went back to America.A. wasB. would beC. has beenD. had been10. —You've caused great trouble.—Sorry, Sir. I it was so serious.A. don't knowB. didn't knowC. haven't knownD. hadn't known11. You must be Mr Smith—I was told to you.wait B. pick C. expect D. look12. ---What do you think of investing in today’s stock market?---There are many risks, but also many _____gains.A. potentialB. confidentialC. influentialD. preferential13. ---Johnson insists on buying the house, even though his parents have pointed out several serious problems of the structure.----_______.Nothing is impossible for a willing heartA bird in th ehand is worth two in the bushA wise man change his mind, a fool never willA little knowledge is a dangerous thing14. I don't know why you are so hard on her, she is your daughter .A. at allB. for allC. after allD. in all15. Scientists say they are beginning to in the fight against cancer. That's really good news.A. break throughB. break intoC. break outD. break down二、阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

考前30天之备战2012高考英语45分钟综合性过关小练习（十四）注意事项：本练主要包括单项选择、阅读理解、任务型阅读三种题型。

一、单项选择请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1. ----Look at the terrible situation I am in. If ony I ______your advice.----Don’t worry. Try again.A. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed（）2. It's good that we to the park because it's started to rain.A.don't goB. hadn't goneC. didn't goD. wasn't going3. ---Come on, Kitty.---Oh, good heavens! Both my legs are nearly to give out. I _____for hours like a dog.A. Have been walkingB. had walkedC. was walkingD. walked（）A.will missB. have missedC. are missingD. had missed5. Look at the trouble we’re in. If only we _____our teacher’s ad vice!A. tookB. would takeC. would have takenD. had taken（）6. They haven't arrived yet but we them at any moment.A. are expectedB. have expectedC. are expectingD. will expect（）7. You'll never guess who I met today—my old teacher! We for 20 years.A. don't meetB. haven't metC. hadn't metD. couldn't meet（）8. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I'm sure he abroad all week.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. had been（）9. I tried to phone her, but even as I she was leaving the building.A.honedB. would phoneC. had phonedD. was phoning10. With the country’s population reaching 1.6 billion in the mid of this cebtury,most of China’s river’s, including the Yellow River, ______.A. is drying upB. will be drying upC. dry upD. have dried up（）11. A red sky in the morning to be a sign of bad weather.A. saysB. is sayingC. has saidD. is said（）12. We're so busy that no one in the office can for any other work.A. spareB. be sparedC. shareD. be shared（）13. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who halfway.A. gave offB. gave upC. gave awayD. gave out（）14. If the new arrangement doesn't , we'll go back to the old one. A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work down（）15. My worst fears were when I saw what the exam questions were. A. done B. seen C. finished D. realized二、阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

4.4.1一次函数的应用 教学目标： 1．了解两个条件可确定一次函数；能根据所给信息（图象、表格、实际问题等）利用待定系数法确定一次函数的表达式；并能利用所学知识解决简单的实际问题； 2．经历对正比例函数及一次函数表达式的探求过程，掌握用待定系数法求一次函数的表达式，进一步发展数形结合的思想方法． 教学重难点： 重点：是探究确定一次函数表达式的方法； 难点：是将所学的确定一次函数表达式的方法进行灵活运用 教法与学法指导： 本节课采用“学导练 当堂清”的教学模式教师组织、点拨、引导，促进学生主动探索，积极思考，总结规律，充分发挥学生的主体作用.B．y=－ C．y=D．y=3x+2x2－1 2.什么是一次函数？一次函数定义中要注意什么？ 3.一次函数图像是什么形状？画一次函数图像至少要几个点？ 4.一次函数具有什么性质？ （学生回答，教师给与及时的评价） 师：我们知道，已知一次函数的表达式可以画出函数图像并得到它的有关性质，如果给你函数相关信息，能否求出函数的表达式呢？要确定一次函数表达式需要几个条件呢？今天就让我们一起来探究这个问题。

设计意图：本节主要的内容是确定表达式，以学生已掌握的知识为切入点，提出问题，使学生明确这节课的学习任务. 自主学习，合作探究 1.通过图像确定正比例函数的表达式 师：多媒体显示: 某物体沿一个斜坡下滑，它的速度v(米/秒)与其下滑时间t(秒 )的关系如图所示． (1)写出v与t之间的关系式； (2)下滑3秒时物体的速度是多少？ 分析：首先此函数的图象过原点可知是正比例函数，因此v与t满足的关系式为：v=kt.其次点(2,5)在直线上又知这点的坐标满足关系式，把t.=2，v=5代入v=kt.中即可求出k的值. 生:展示合作结果； 生1：这道题是某物体速度与下滑时间的关系，2秒时速度为5米/秒，1秒的速度就是2.5米/秒，所以V=2.5t，当t=3时，V=2.5×3=7.5（米/秒）． 师征求其他学生意见，然后示范 解：(1)设Ｖk k=2.5 ∴V=2.5t (2) 当t=3时，V=2.5×3=7.5（米/秒）． 师：大家思考一下，确定正比例函数的表达式只要根据条件求出k的值就行，那么需要几个条件可以确定k的值？ 生2：知道一个点就行． 师：实际上就是知道一个自变量和相对应的因变量的值，然后代入关系式，解出k的值，如何确定一个一次函数的表达式呢？ 设计意图:由学生参与正比例函数关系式的形成过程，教师应做好应有的预设，就是学生不太可能去用待定系数法去求函数关系式，所以教师允许学生去说自己所想，然后将待定系数的思想渗透到教学中去． 2.通过具体情境确定一次函数的表达式 师：课件出示“范例导航” 例1 在弹性限度内，弹簧的长度y(厘米)是所挂物体的质量x(千克)的一次函数，当所挂物体的质量为0千克时，弹簧长14．5厘米；当所挂物体的质量为3千克时，弹簧长16厘米．写出y与x之间的关系式，并求出所挂物体的质量为4千克时弹簧的长度． 分析： 生：认真读题后，小组展开讨论，探索出解题思路.然后各个小组派代表回答。

Na Na＋ Cl Cl- Na Cl 4、离子的形成： NaCl 钠 + 氯气 氯化钠 点燃 NaCl Na Cl2 钠在氯气中点 燃生成氯化钠 的形成过程： （1）、离子：带电的原子（或原子团）叫离子。

（3）、离子符号的书写：先写元素符号，然后将电 荷数标注在元素符号的右上角，数字在前、符号在后，“1”省略不写。

离子所带电荷数由该元素原子的最外层电子数决定。

其中：带正 电荷的原子叫做阳离子。

（如：Na+、K+、Mg2+、Al3+)。

带负电荷的原子叫做阴离子。

（如： O2-、S2-、 F- 、Cl-)。

（2）、离子化合物：像氯化钠由阴、阳离子靠静电作用而形成的化合物。

5、构成物质的粒子：原子、分子、离子 （1）由原子直接构成的物质：稀有气体（如：He、Ne)；金属（如：Hg、Fe）；少数固态非金属（如：C、Si）。

（2）由分子构成的物质：双原子气体分子（如：H2、O2、N2）;多原子共价化合物（如：H2O、CO2、HCl）。

（3）由离子构成的物质：离子化合物（如：NaCl、K2S、CuSO4）。

6、离子与原子的区别和联系： 原子 阴离子 阳离子 失电子 得电子 失电子 得电子（2）联系： （1）区别: a、化学性质不同：原子结构大多不稳定，化学 性质活泼；离子结构稳定，化学性质不活泼。

b、电性不同：原子不带电，离子带电。

【基础练习】 Na Mg 2 1 8 +11 2 2 8 +12 2 6 8 +16 2 7 8 +17 S Cl 2 8 +11 2 8 +12 2 8 8 +16 2 8 8 +17 辨别下列哪些是原子结构示意图，哪些是离子结构示意图，并能够根据结构示意图写出对应的符号： 原子：核电荷数＝核外电子数 离子：核电荷数≠核外电子数 Na＋ Mg2＋ S2－ Cl－Al3+ 10 铝离子 2 8 +13 【能力提高】 某离子带3个单位的正电荷，质子数为13， 该离子的核外电子数为_____，该离子的 名称是______，符号是____，该离子的 结构示意图是： 根据右边的结构图回答： 如果该图表示的是原子，X值为___，该原子的符号是____。

常见语法题易错易混训练——名词1。

—--Do I need to give a tip if I eat at a fast food restaurant in the States/-——Yes，it’s common _____to tip waiters in a restaurant.A. practiceB. sense C。

custom D。

method2 The advertising business has changed beyond all _____ in the last 10 years。

A。

regulation B。

revolution C. recognition D. recreation 3。

School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ____。

A. states B. conditions C。

situations D。

positions 4。

The moonlight was quite bright, and about fifteen yards up the road there was a deep ____ thrown by a tree。

A。

shade B。

shadow C。

shelter D。

reflection5。

Always read the ____on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicineA. explanations B。

instructions C。

descriptions D. introductions6。

Considering the harmfulness of cigarettes，the local government has passed a new law，which lays a ______on the export of tobaccoA。

考前30天之备战2012高考英语45分钟综合过关练习(） 注意事项： 本练主要包括单项选择、阅读理解、任务型阅读三种题型。

一、 单项选择 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1. Lu Xun was medical student before he turned writer. the; the B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a 2. ---Oh dear! I’ve just broken a vase. ---Never mind. ______.A. You are welcomeB. You are so carelessC. It can’t be helpedD. Bad luck 3. Bruce Li was the first Chinese actor Chinese Kungfu to the world.A. to make; widely knownB. making; widely knownC. made; to be widely knownD. making; be widely known 4. —What a long film! —Well, maybe, .A. it’s really too longB. but I found it interestingC. that’s why I feel a little tiredD. I think we shouldn't have been here 5. A teacher’s _____to education is worth great respect of the whole society because it brings benefits to the developmentof society.A. devotionB. principleC. identityD. guidance 6. Although he has learned English for only two years, his written and oral communication skills are well ______average.A. overB. belowC. aboveD. within 7. Such advice she was given proved almost worthless.A. thatB. whichC. asD. who 8. —Tom, did you visit Yu Garden when in Shanghai? —No, I it, but I spent too much time shopping.A. must have visitedB. can’t have visitedC. could have visitedD. shouldn’t have visited 9. Mr Johnson in China for 6 years by the time he went back to America.A. wasB. would beC. has beenD. had been 10. —You've caused great trouble. —Sorry, Sir. I it was so serious.A. don't knowB. didn't knowC. haven't knownD. hadn't known 11. You must be Mr Smith—I was told to you. wait B. pick C. expect D. look 12. ---What do you think of investing in today’s stock market? ---There are many risks, but also many _____gains.A. potentialB. confidentialC. influentialD. preferential 13. ---Johnson insists on buying the house, even though his parents have pointed out several serious problems of the structure. ----_______. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart A bird in th ehand is worth two in the bush A wise man change his mind, a fool never will A little knowledge is a dangerous thing 14. I don't know why you are so hard on her, she is your daughter .A. at allB. for allC. after allD. in all 15. Scientists say they are beginning to in the fight against cancer. That's really goodnews.A. break throughB. break intoC. break outD. break down 二、 阅读理解 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

考前30天之备战2012高考英语45分钟综合性过关小练习（七）注意事项：本练主要包括单项选择、阅读理解、任务型阅读三种题型。

一、单项选择请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

1. —You've left the light on.—Oh， so I have. and turn it off.A. I'll goB. I've goneC. I goD. I'm going2. ---Should we arrange more weekend classes for our son? He seems to have fallen behindhis classmates.---It makes no sense to put much pressure on him, dear. You know______.A. it’s better to be safe than sorryB. more haste,less speedC. once bitten,twice shyD. the first step is the hardest3. The reporter said that the UFO east to west when he saw it.A. was travellingB. travelledC. had been travellingD. was to travel4. The winning numbers are _______selected by computer, and therefore it is fair andjust.A. carefullyB. temporarilyC. randomlyD. deliberately5. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change6. I ping pong quite well， but I haven't had time to play since the new year.will play B. have played C. played D. play7. He kept a notebook, in which ______the telephone numbers and email addresses of his friends.A. wroteB. have writtenC. was writtenD. were written8. They became friends again that again that day. Until then,they _____to each otherfor nearly two years.A. didn’t speakB. haven’t been speakingC. haven’t spokenD. hadn’t spoken9.---Did you see the headmaster in his office just now?---Yes,he ______by a journalist from our local newspaper.A.has been interviewedB. had been interviewedC. is being interviewedD. was being interviewed10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor，her nervousness .A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown11. Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？ It will fresh for several days.A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed12. News reports say peace talks between the two countries with no agreement reached.A. have broken downB. have broken outC. have broken inD. have broken up13. Let's keep to the point or we any decisions.A. will never reachB. have never reachedC. never reachD. never reached14. My mind wasn't on what he was saying so I'm afraid I half of it.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed15. Sarah， hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change二、阅读理解请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

高考英语考前30天之备战45分钟综合性过关小练习（二十一）注意事项：本练主要包括单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解三种题型。

一、单项选择请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

（） 1. The description of these events closely to other accounts written atthe time.A. conveysB. contributesC. correspondsD. contacts（） 2. Lisa is a girl who notices nothing except what to her clothes.A. sticksB. relatesC. takesD. belongs（） 3. Tomorrow we are flying to Tibet to visit the Potala Palace , a famouspalace back to the 7th century.A. datedB. to dateC. datingD. having dated（） 4. New York is built on a group of inlands on east coast of the USA, at point where several rivers flow into the ocean.A. /; aB. the; aC. the; /D. /; the（） 5. At the of his own comfort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.A. consumptionB. wasteC. sacrificeD. charge（） 6. His refusal to go his dislike of the place. So we'd better not ask himto again.A. exposedB. underlinedC. voicedD. structured（） 7. It is that what the young people had done shamed themselves and their respective parents.A. vagueB. apparentC. sureD. strange（） 8. Recently a series of attacks on the Olympic Torch have our decisionto host a successful Olympic Games.A. sharpenedB. shortenedC. reducedD. enlarged（） 9. What the young man can't is that his mum always treats him like a baby.A. holdB. bearC. sufferD. undertake（） 10. I think we teachers should constantly update our knowledge so as to maintainour professional .A. abilityB. riskC. competenceD. position（） 11. Not only the jewelry she been sold for her son's debts, butalso her house.A.has; hasB. is; hasC. has; /D. /; has12. ---How did you find the film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?---_______.I can’t think too highly of it.A. It makes no senseB. It’s really amazingC. It’s awfulD. It’s up to you（）13. When people talk about the famous attractions in Suzhou, the first comes into their mind is the Tiger Hill.A. placeB. oneC. thatD. of them（） 14. In order to his goods effectively, the shopkeeper had the store enlarged.A. show offB. show upC. lay outD. set off15. ______difficult the task may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meetsuch a precious opportunity _____we have expected.A. Whatever ; thatB. However;asC. However;thatD. Whatever;which二、完形填空请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

4.3一次函数的图像 （2） 教学目标： 1.了解一次函数两个变量之间的变化规律.在认识一次函数图象的基础上，掌握一次函数图象及其简单性质； 2.经历对一次函数图象变化规律的探究过程，学会解决一次函数问题的一些基本方法和策略； 3.在结合图象探究一次函数性质的过程中，增强学生数形结合的意识，渗透分类讨论的思想； 4.通过对一次函数图象及性质的探究，在探究中培养学生的观察能力、识图能力以及语言表达能力. 教学重点与难点 重点：通过观察图象，掌握一次函数图象及其简单性质． 难点：从一次函数的图象中归纳总结一次函数的主要性质. 教法与学法指导： 本节课我运用多媒体演示教学手段，力求直观，高效，使本节课有趣、形象、事半功倍．我给学生充分自主探索时间通过教师的引导，启发调动学生的积极性，让学生在课堂上互动，观察，主动参与到整个教学活动中来．从而实现教师的引导和学生的学习双主体的教学理念． 课前准备： 多媒体课件，画好的坐标系． 教学过程： 一、创设情境，引入新课 多媒体展示一些与实际生活息息相关的图片.说明在我们生活中，有许许多多这样的图案，这些图象当中蕴含着某些规律，人们利用这些规律，能更合理地作出决策或预测. 设计意图：通过富有现实意义的图片展示，引入生活中熟悉的图片，使学生感受到图象里蕴含的某些规律可以使人们作出合理、科学的决策，激发学生的求知欲望，感受图象的实用价值. 师：上节课我们学习了画正比例函数的图象，并通过图象总结出正比例函数的一些性质，请同学们回顾一下： （1）（2）（3）1： 列表，描点，连线. 生2：①正比例函数的图象是过原点的一条直线，②当k>0时，y随x的增大而增大，当k时，随x的增大而减小k>0时，直线经过一、三象限；当k0时，y随x的增大而增大，当k时，随x的增大而减小y=kx+b中，y的值随x的变化而变化的情况跟正比例函数的图象的性质相同，那么其他性质是否也相同呢？对照正比例函数图象的性质，探究一次函数的图象的其它性质. 生4：直线y=kx+b与y轴交点的坐标（0，b）ｋ（0，b）k的正负决定了y随x的变化情况b对一次函数图象位置有何影响？（思考一会后，组内交流，然后有几个优秀的学生举手．直线y=kx+b与y轴交点的坐标（0，b）．b的符号决定直线y=kx+b与y轴交点．过一、二、三象限一、二、四象限一、三象限．函数图象二、四象限k 、b的符号与图象经过象限b＞0时图象过一、二、三一、、b＞0时图象过一、二、四二、三、四师生共同总结y=kx+b大致图象所经象限函数值变化 k＞0b＞0 一、二、三一、三、四b＞0 一、二、四随的增大而减小二、三、四师：直线y=kx+b（k≠0）中常数k和b的值对于两个函数的图象的位置关系——平行或相交，有没有影响？说说你的看法ｋｋb相等两直线交点为在轴上． 师：判断直线y=３x+５与直线y=３x的位置关系是_________． 设计意图：通过动手画图，并且进行观察比较，合作交流，使学生更清楚地认识一次函数图象的一些特征以及图形和变量之间的关系.通过问题串的精心设计，引导学生对k，k、b三、思维训练，巩固提高 (生独立完成，师巡视，了解学生对知识的掌握情况,同时关注：学生在练习中的反映的问题，有针对性的讲解；学生能否通过数形结合法分析问题和解决问题．．．（２）（３）． ２．的图象不经过 象限，y的值随着x的增大而 与y轴的交点为 . ３．正比例函数y=kx（k≠0）的函数值y随x的增大而增大，则一次函数y=x+k的图象大致是（ ）生：b＞0时图象过一、二、三一、、b＞0时图象过一、二、四二、三、四生：y随x的增大而增大； 当时，y随x的增大而减小. 生：我知道当k值相同，b值不同时，两个一次函数图象平行，当k值不同时，两个次函数图象相交．生：我知道一条直线通过平移可以得到另一条直线，函数关系式中k，b值的变化情况．一次函数一直线，图像必经(0,b)点?b零经过(0,0)点，否则与轴两交点正一撇爬山坡,负一捺下山险同b异平行线，异必然交一点? 师：同学们的收获真多，今天你们的表现非常出色，在课堂的最后，老师要送给同学们一首诗用心体会：数缺形时少直觉形少数时难入微数形结合百般好隔离分家万事非 ——华罗庚? ( 1．已知函数y=kx的函数值随x的增大而增大，则函数的图象经过（ ）A．第一、二象限B．第一、三象限C．第二、三象限D．第二、四象限 ．y随x的增大而减小的一次函数解析式____ 3．已知一次函数y=x+b的图像经过一、二、三象限，则b的值可以是（ ）A. -2 B. -1 C.0D.2 4．P1（x1，y1），P2（x2，y2）是正比例函数y=-x图象上的两点，则下列判断正确的是（ ）A．y1＞y2B．y1＜y2 C．当x1＜x2时，y1＞y2 D．当x1＜x2时，y1＜y2 ．有一道题目：已知一次函数y=2x+b，其中b＜0，，与这段描述相符的函数图象可能是（ ） 6．将直线y=2x向右平移1个单位后所得图象对应的函数解析式为（ ）A.y=2x-1 B.y=2x-2 C.y=2x+1D.y=2x+2 设计意图：旨在检测学生对一次函数的图象和性质的掌握情况，以便根据学生情况调整教学进程. 教师巡视，对于不甚明白知识点的学生给予帮助，同时批改完成同学的的检测题，及时收集具有代表性的错误，和好的解题方法. 六、布置作业，巩固知识 课本习题４.４第2题第题一次函数图象的在本节课的教学中，力求引导学生观察分析、交流、归纳等探索活动形成对一次函数图象及其性质的认识和理解，感受到图象的变化规律与表达式中的常数k，b的关系，使学生对知识的掌握更具主动性 既注重学生基础知识的掌握，又重视学生学习习惯、自主探究、合作学习能力的培养，同时每一个问题都向学生渗透数学形结合的数学思想每一个问题的解决我都坚持做到：给学生自主探究问题的机会；在学生想展示自己的做法时，给学生充足的时间让他们去合作交流；当学习达到高潮时，引导学生将问题延伸，升华思想；最后，精心设计问题，拓宽学生知识面，培养创造性思维y=kx+b（k、b，k≠0）k和b 初中学习网，资料共分享！我们负责传递知识！ ｙ A B C D。