外文翻译参考模板

Rigid-flexible and economic - on the Beijing-controlled regulation block level awareness and considerAbstract: The article, through the traditional regulatory detailed planning analysis, pointing out that the planning results difficult to translate into public policy planning and management, in the face of a lack of adaptability to changes in the market can not be directly related to macroeconomic issues such as convergence planning. Then put forward in recent years through the Beijing neighborhood-level case-control regulatory interpretation, introduction and analysis, study the preparation of district level (2-3 square unit) of the control regulation in response to the traditional regulatory control problem often encountered when has the advantage and flexibility, in particular, to highlight it for the planning and management department can provide a new tool for management and coordination and more flexible to deal with complex changes in the market diversity, the protection of the Government of the characteristics of public service functions. Finally, the future also need to block-level control regulation of the legal status of the application of planning and management tools, the traditional elements of space control and guide and so on to conduct in-depth study and discussion.Key words: block-control regulations controlling the detailed planning of rigid and flexible planning1.Traditional control regulations in the preparation of the practical problems facingTraditional regulatory plan, since the emergence of the last century 90's has been in the interests of all of the game and balance problems are. The crux of the matter focused on how to coordinate the planning required to manage the rigid control and flexible response to market adaptability on:1.1Traditional regulatory control can not fully reflect the transformation of government functionsTraditional regulatory control can only be a direct reflection of the general land development and construction of the nature and intensity, as well as the embodiment of city space environment harmonization and unification of the core concerns are space andvision on the aesthetic effect, planners through a series of indicators to determine spatial form of land control. This form at all-fit-oriented government under the guidance of implementation, "a chess city" in the development and construction.With the deepening of reform, the government functions under the planned economic system by the all-around type to a service-oriented transformation of the functions of the Government focuses on government control and the provision of public services two aspects: First, we must deal with social activities in the various questions, function of maintaining social stability and order; two social development is to provide the necessary public goods, in particular, the market can not afford or are unwilling to provide public goods. At city-building, more and more real estate enterprises and industrial enterprises have become the mainstay of city development and construction, more and more with the right to speak, when the government must release the necessary permissions in order to play the role of market mechanisms, while at the same time be able to achieve maintaining the social function of stability, and ensure the supply of public goods, needed to reflect the Government represented by the maximization of public interest, this is not the original space-based content-control regulations can be reflected.1.2Traditional regulatory control results to the transformation of public policy have a considerable gapCity planning as a public policy, determined at the overall planning of urban and rural spatial distribution, the city's public resources to conduct an effective configuration of the living environment to make the corresponding request, the need for further construction of the city to conduct a comprehensive coordination, guidance and restraint, and made available to the management of the Town Planning Department of a management tool. Traditional control regulations although the preparation of a comprehensive set of control indicators and measures, but because of its factual findings to the block-type control chart is provided in the form of a lack of overall balance is always the aspect as well as the flexibility to respond to changes in the market.Common situation is: immediately after the recent construction sites will have to put in complicated and ever-changing market situation, often want to change the nature of the land, improve the rate of volume and height, adjust the layout of such request, then the planning and management department, the general Choose only the traditional outcome ofoutside regulatory control, through the block, the conditions for the demonstration, the addition of a planning conditions change and audited proof aspect, from the audited results, because of the lack of adequate planning at the restrictive conditions, improve lot of floor area ratio, a high degree of planning control to adjust the conditions of application can only "successfully" through. A lot of planning and management department have met with a similar dilemma: developer proposed to control the regulation of a plot to determine floor area ratio from 1.5 to 1.8 adjust, whether it is technically from the planning or management of policy, can not find the reasons for denying the application, and if these separate plots look all passed, up from the overall regulatory control is equivalent to waste a still, "there is no space under the management of poor-control regulation has been hard to manage."1.3 Changing market demand in the face of too rigidAccording to regulations covering the preparation of full-control regulation, in the face of long-term with no fixed pattern of development and development of the main city of the new area, can only rely on the experience and the limited regulatory requirements to set a blueprint for the ultimate, often required the assumption that the area will attract What is the nature of the industry, and what mode of transportation and living elements and so on. Often wait until the need to implement when the city-building mechanisms have taken place in very many changes in the main body of investment, development patterns, construction and operation of regional mechanisms and so on with the original planning assumptions are inconsistent, industry, transport, mode of living have been Ultra-out the original, this time charged with the regulation already completed will become very out of date.1.4 Upper face of the macro-planning difficult docking requirementsOverall planning in order to meet the needs of urban and rural economic and social comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development requirements, tend to make some macro measures such as content development model. These property with public policy measures, in order to land for the purpose of the traditional regulatory control it is difficult to fully reflect and docking. Beijing Daxing Metro as an example:In accordance with the "Beijing Urban Master Plan (2004 -2020 years)", Daxing Beijing Metro are the future-oriented regional development important node, in Beijing, the development of an extremely important strategic position, will guide the development ofbiological medicine, modern manufacturing, as well as commercial logistics, culture, education and other functions, are carrying the future city of Beijing to ease the population centers and functions of one of 11 Metro. 2020 Metro style scale land use planning 65 square kilometers, population 600,000 people scale.Prior to this, as are Beijing's Daxing county, to carry out the construction of satellite towns, the status quo conditions and Metro Planning has a larger gap between the objectives, the lack of sufficiently attractive to the urban areas can not effectively alleviate the stress. For instance: the lack of public facilities, facilities standards have been too low, with the center city poor transport links and so on. How to achieve the status quo to the Metro from the blueprint for change? At "Daxing Metro Planning (2005 -2020 years)" from the Metro's construction to start the implementation process, identified through the construction of rail transit, urban road construction, public service facilities, the transfer of administrative functions, cultural and educational function of the introduction of the introduction of leading industries six elements of the main construction of the Metro guide: the role of these elements together, and based on their spatial characteristics influence the scope and timing on reasonable arrangements to promote the development of Metro's construction, so that Metro be able to at the planning blueprint for the status quo gradually on the foundation can be achieved.Epistasis plans face similar macro-planning requirements, is clearly not a specific plot plan can be fully reflected in, let alone to cope with up to 15 years in the planning of the implementation process of various elements of the Change.2. Block-level regulatory control of the preparation of the contents of the formIn recent years, Beijing made the preparation of block-level control rules to deal with from a certain extent on the traditional block-control regulations that prevail in question. Metro style neighborhoods to control regulation as an example:First of all, divided into blocks. At "Daxing Metro Planning (2005 -2020 years)" the division of seven patches, three groups on the basis of the General consider regional characteristics, the layout of public service facilities, municipal service capacity transport facilities and space environmental capacity and other influencing factors to the Neighborhood (between block and block units, with a river, natural obstacles, primary and secondary roads, street boundaries offices, special function areas such as border Kaifongboundary) for the division of units, divided into 38 blocks , each block 2 ~ 3 square kilometers.Then, in the Metro to determine the scope of the whole block of lead, construction and classification of the total construction scale, construction baseline height, strength of construction elements of the scope. Metro based planning, decomposition of the implementation of the dominant features of each block, that is blocks the function of positioning and the main direction of development to determine the largest block of land and has assumed a leading role in the nature of the land; from the overall economic strength and functions of the positioning of a comprehensive traffic capacity, public facilities Service capacity, municipal facilities, service capabilities, the capacity of the space environment in five aspects, such as integrated carrying capacity analysis, will be Metro's 600,000 population overall refinement scale decomposition to the block level, and to determine the total amount of block construction and classification of scale construction; in accordance with the Metro morphological characteristics of the overall space to determine the building height control framework and four baseline height, divided into low (18 m), Medium (18-45 meter), high (45-60 m) and 60 meters above 4, the implementation of each blocks range of benchmarks; to improve the living environment in accordance with the overall goals and other conditions, strength of construction will be divided into blocks of low-density, medium density, high-density third gear.And, through a comprehensive analysis of the status quo, implement the above decomposition of the conditions, separately for each block to determine the nature and scale, the configuration of the facilities and arrangements, a high degree of control elements, such as urban design, implementation timing, but also questions the need for further research, etc. specific content, which will eventually block the plans submitted in the form of results.3.1Effective extension of epistatic planning, for planning and management to facilitateTo block as a unit, decomposition and quantify the epistatic planning functions and development goals, and clearly the general character of each neighborhood and the development of intensity differences, in fact this job is to regulate, such as the total epistatic to quantify the macro-planning process. To block as a unit for total control andbalance, ease of basic facilities at all levels, public service facilities, urban safety facilities, transportation facilities, to conduct an overall balanced layout, more conducive to neighborhoods as a unit for analysis and monitoring. Beijing have been identified as a further refinement put blocks of land plots to control the minimum regulatory scope of the study and city planning and management of the basic unit.Dominant in determining the neighborhood function, construction and classification of the total construction scale, construction baseline height, strength of construction scope of the facilities after the configuration of such factors, whether developers are still at all levels of government to entrust the preparation of land-control regulations, planning and management departments have a strong public policy based on quantifiable and can be used to guide and monitor the preparation of regulatory control block content, can ensure the configuration of the various facilities such as the contents of rigidity to the implementation, but also be able to through the overall control and strength to the block classification must control regulations left behind the flexibility of space.3.2 Responding flexibly to market changesBlock-level control regulations after wide coverage, its construction and classification of the total construction scale of indicators as the preparation of the detailed planning of the next level of control conditions, the guidance of land development and construction of concrete blocks at the scope of activities carried out within the overall balance. Block unit through the benchmark land prices, ownership, facilities, supply capacity factors such as a comprehensive assessment can be reflected to some extent on location, infrastructure conditions, such as market-sensitive elements on the differences in regulatory control in the preparation of land, they can further study the market demand effectively adjust to allow the market to be able to in the government's macro-control of the allocation of resources to play its basic role.At the same time, district-level planning at the preparation of regulatory control after the completion of the management of the implementation process can also be quantified using a variety of control means to effectively deal with changes in the market. To floor area ratio as an example, at district level because of regulatory control, the set up of the neighborhood's population and the total construction volume of construction and classification of the concept of a land plot development and construction are necessary toadjust the strength of blocks related to the total changes and changes in the demand for associated facilities, so that at least from the district coordination framework to achieve the purpose of breaking the individual review of the original plot to control the lack of indicators adjust based on the embarrassment, from the process reflects on the changes in construction activity the surrounding urban environment brought about by the impact. On this basis, the study implemented a similar "transfer of development rights" of the administrative system before operational.3.3Highlight the protection of the Government's public service functionsBlock-level control regulations, all land classified as Class A land (for the city to provide basic support and services) and Class B land (Government under the guidance of the market development of land), as well as X-type sites (sites to be studied) three categories. One of, A-type sites are the main green space, infrastructure, public service facilities, etc. must have a public property, mainly by the Government as an investment and management entities of the public space, its emphasis on the priority the implementation of space, thereby protecting the public interest priority . Comparatively speaking, the original concern of the traditional regulatory control elements at street level space of the controlled regulation of "take a back seat," the.4.Also necessary to further explore the question:In general, block-level regulatory control to add a meso-level studies, preparation of regulatory control block provides a fresh discussion of the work platform, as well as planning and management provided some actionable public policy basis for improved traditional regulatory control of some problems. However, block-level control regulation as a new thing also have a number of issues need to be further explored and research:First of all, the necessary clarity of its legal status and recognition. Because ofblock-level control is a regulation relating to a variety of factors (population, the facilities and so on) the overall balance of technological achievements, in particular, are some of the priority the protection of the facilities involved in city construction and operation of other government departments, administrative actions, a reasonable decide the legal status of its coordination and control of the key. Moreover, as the capital of Beijing and municipalities, and other city planning and construction management system must have differences in this municipality in Beijing can well-established system should not be able to copy to the cityin general go. How to promote neighborhood-level control regulatory experience gained enhance the legitimacy of its reasonable, but also required further study.Secondly, the required supporting management measures on the corresponding.Block-level control regulation is not only a many-level planning so easy that it give planning and management in the overall planning and control regulation of traditional land between the development of a new management platform, therefore, should give full play to its role, from the can not be supporting the planning and management measures on innovation. Such as in the control plots on the regulation of convergence can be the implementation process for some of the demand, derived from "transfer of development rights" and other related management measures and control means.Finally, the traditional elements of how the matching Spaces guide. Block-level control regulations to strengthen the government's public service functions, improve the public benefits of priority, relatively speaking, the traditional elements of the shape is relatively weakened. Visual imagery, body mass, Feel places the elements of these traditional control regulations usually take into account urban design elements, not at street level regulatory control to be reflected, then the block-level control regulations should be space elements which control what should be done about the city on the block level design elements to guide them accordingly? Looking forward to the future as soon as possible answers to those questions.References1, Beijing City Master Plan (2004 -2020 years)2, Tai Hing Metro Planning (2005 -2020 years)3, Tai Hing New regulatory plan (block level) .2007 years4, WEN Zong-yong. Control the underlying causes of regulatory changes and countermeasures. Beijing plans to build 2007 (5) :11-135, Yang Chun. Beijing City Center, the preparation and implementation of regulatory control of the background. Beijing plans to build 2007 (5) :14-156, Yang Jun, Yang Ziming. Beijing-controlled regulation of 1999-2006. Beijing plans to build 2007 (5) :37-407,Guohui Cheng,Li Shi, HUANG Jie. Rigid-flexible and relief: for controlling theoperation of the detailed planning. Town Planning .2007 (7) :77-808, Lin audience. Public Management from the Perspective of the adaptive control consider the detailed planning. Planners .2007 (4) :71-749, Wang Yin, Jun Chen. "Sharpen come true" - Interpretation of the Beijing Municipal Area "Control Regulation", prepared yesterday and today .. Beijing plans to build .2007 (5) :23-2610, Lan Zhou, Ye Bin, Xu Yao. Explore the detailed planning of the management control system architecture. .2007 City planning (3) :14-1911, Li Tian. Our country controlled detailed planning and a way out of confusion. .2007 City planning (1) :16-2012, city planning approach to make People's Republic of China Ministry of Construction No. 146 2005-12-31刚柔并济——对北京街区层面控规的认识与思考摘要文章通过对传统的控制性详细规划进行分析，指出规划成果难以转化为规划管理的公共政策、面对市场变化缺乏应变能力、无法直接与宏观规划衔接等问题。

密级分类号编号成绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题PLC AND THE FREQUENCY CHANGERCONNECT WHEN SHOULD译文标题可编程控制器和变频器时的连接和连接应注意的问题作者所在系别电子工程系作者所在专业自动化作者所在班级B07222作者姓名王鹏作者学号20074022219指导教师姓名耿炎指导教师职称教授完成时间2010 年12 月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题可编程控制器和变频器时的连接和连接应注意的问题原文标题PLC AND THE FREQUENCY CHANGER CONNECT WHEN SHOULD作者译名国籍原文出处8th International Conference on Accelerator & Large Experimental Physics Control Systems,2001可编程控制器和变频器时的连接和连接应注意的问题导言可编程控制器（ PLC ）是一种数字化运作和操作控制装置。

PLC作为传统继电器的替代产品，广泛应用于工业控制每个领域。

因为公司可以使用该软件来改变控制过程，并具有体积小，组装灵活，编程简单，抗干扰能力强和可靠性高等特点，特别适合在恶劣环境工作。

当进行控制使用变频器自动控制系统，在许多情况下采用PLC和坐标转换的变率器协调使用，例如我厂两个催化系统自动简易系统。

PLC可提供控制信号，并作出指示和中断的信号。

一个PLC系统由三部分组成，即中央处理单元，输入输出模块和方案编制单位。

本文介绍了变频器和PLC进行协调时，要注意的问题。

1. 转换命令信号输入转换命令输入信号转换在变频器的输入信号中包括运行状态等运动/停止，顺时针/扭转，罚款的议案进行操作开关命令信号。

The frequency changer usually or has the tip switch characteristic primary device using the tip (for example transistor) with PLC) connected, obtains the running status instruction, as shown in Figure 1.变频器通常有提示开关特性的主要设备使用提示（如晶体管）与PLC ）相连，得到运行状态指令。

专业外文翻译题目
系（院）
专业
班级
学生姓名
学号
指导教师
职称
二〇一二年五月日
Times New Roman，二号，加粗
下面分别为一、二、三级标题格式，第一层次标题用加粗Times New Roman小三号字；第二层次标题用加粗Times New Roman四号字；第三层次标题用加粗Times New Roman小四号字；Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
正文用Times New Roman小四号字，首行缩进2字符，如下：
Times New Roman
题目（黑体小二号）
第一层次标题用黑体小三号字（翻译后章节的编号按原文编，如原文为“1.”，译文就也为“1.”，可不按论文撰写规范中写为“第一章”）
第二层次标题用加粗宋体四号字
第三层次标题用加粗宋体小四号字
正文用宋体小四号字，首行缩进2字符。

外文翻译与文献综述模板格式以及要求说明
外文中文翻译格式：
标题：将外文标题翻译成中文，可以在括号内标明外文标题
摘要：将外文摘要翻译成中文，包括问题陈述、研究目的、方法、结果和结论等内容。

关键词：将外文关键词翻译成中文。

引言：对外文论文引言进行翻译，概述问题的背景、重要性和研究现状。

方法：对外文论文方法部分进行翻译，包括研究设计、数据采集和分析方法等。

结果：对外文论文结果部分进行翻译，介绍研究结果和统计分析等内容。

讨论：对外文论文讨论部分进行翻译，对研究结果进行解释和评价。

结论：对外文论文结论部分进行翻译，总结研究的主要发现和意义。

附录：如果外文论文有附录部分，需要进行翻译并按照指定的格式进行排列。

文献综述模板格式：
标题：文献综述标题
引言：对文献综述的背景、目的和方法进行说明。

综述内容：按照时间、主题或方法等进行分类，对相关文献进行综述，可以分段进行描述。

讨论：对综述内容进行解释和评价，概括主要研究成果和趋势。

结论：总结文献综述，概括主要发现和意义。

要求说明：
1.外文中文翻译要准确无误，语句通顺流畅，做到质量高、符合学术
规范。

2.文献综述要选择与所研究领域相关的文献进行综述，覆盖面要广，
内容要全面、准确并有独立思考。

4.文献综述要注重整体结构和逻辑连贯性，内容要有层次感，段落间
要过渡自然。

5.外文中文翻译和文献综述要进行查重，确保原文与译文的一致性，
并避免抄袭和剽窃行为。

本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题目缆线机器人的机构设计及仿真姓名专业机械设计制造及其自动化学号指导教师郑州科技学院机械工程学院二○一六年四月基于分层生物反射的自适应行走的四足机器人张秀丽 ，1，明成1，曾翔宇1，郑浩峻21学校的机械，电子与控制工程，北京交通大学，北京100044，中国2精密仪器系，清华大学，北京100084，中国2011年1月27日收到； 2012年3月19日修订；2012年3月22日接受摘要：多条腿的机器人是一种利用自身的动态模型来控制的传统控制模型的机器人。

当机器人面临崎岖的地形和未知环境时，以这种动态模型为基础的方法却不能获得满意的性能。

提到动物的神经控制机制，控制模型的建立就是为了四足机器人的自适应行走。

机器人的基本节奏的运动是由一个精心设计的有节奏的运动控制器控制（RMC），这种运动控制器包括针对髋关节的中枢模式发生器（CPG）和针对膝关节的有节奏的耦合器（RC）。

CPG和RC的关系就像有运动映射和韵律的夫妇。

多感官的电机模型，抽象于一只猫的神经反射，从而被采用。

这些反射模型进行组织并与CPG在三层交流反应，以满足复杂的要求和时间响应的任务。

在RMC与层状生物反射的基础上，四足机器人得以构造，它可以清除障碍，自主性地爬上坡和走下坡，并在不确定的环境下主动转向，以类似的方式与动物环境相互作用。

本文提供了一个受生物启发的体系结构，其中一个机器人能自适应地用一个简单而有效的方法在不确定的环境中行走，并实现更好的性能。

关键词：四足机器人；运动控制；中枢模式发生器（CPG）；生物反射1引言一个自主机器人控制系统必须完成许多复杂的任务，集成不同传感器的信息并实时性和复杂性的适应不同的功能。

多机器人控制系统集成感觉输入和制动器的输出以实现非结构化环境中的一个优秀的运动能力仍是一个争议以及在机器人技术和人工智能领域方面的一大挑战（AI）。

根据布鲁克斯[]1，已经开发了两种方法使腿式机器人在非结构化环境中取得令人满意的性能。

外文翻译样稿AbstractThis article presents a sample translation of a foreign language text. The translation aims to accurately convey the content and meaning of the original text while maintaining a neat and coherent structure. The article follows a format commonly used for translating foreign language texts and adheres to academic writing style. The translation is provided without the use of any website links or irrelevant information.IntroductionThe following is a translation of a foreign language text titled "Title of the Original Text." The translation aims to faithfully convey the original content and meaning while ensuring a clear and concise presentation. The translation is structured in a manner that is commonly used for translating foreign language texts, adhering to academic writing standards.Translation[Translated text goes here]ConclusionIn conclusion, this article has presented a sample translation of a foreign language text. The translation follows a format commonly used for translating foreign language texts and adheres to academic writing style. The aim of the translation is to accurately convey the content and meaning of the original text while maintaining a neat and coherent structure. The translation does not include any website links or irrelevant information.。

外文翻译规范要求及模版格式
外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式可以根据不同的需求和行业标准而有所不同。

以下是一些常见的外文中文翻译规范要求及模板格式的建议：1.规范要求：
-准确性和完整性：翻译应准确无误地传达原文的意思，并尽可能保持原文的完整性。

-语法和拼写：翻译应符合中文语法和拼写规范，避免使用口语化或地方性的表达方式。

-文化适应性：翻译应根据目标读者的背景和文化习俗进行适当增删或修改，以确保易于理解。

-确保一致性：在同一文档中，相同的术语和表达应保持一致，以避免混淆和歧义。

2.模板格式：
-标题：可以使用与原文相同或相似的标题格式，并在括号中注明翻译为中文。

-段落和换行：根据原文的段落结构进行适当的调整，并在新段落前留出空行。

-标点符号：根据中文标点符号使用习惯进行调整，保持句子的结构和逻辑清晰。

-术语和专业名词：对于特定的术语和专业名词，可以在括号或脚注中提供更详细的解释或注释。

-引用和注释：如有必要，可以在翻译中包含引用和注释，以提供更多的背景信息和解释。

此外，根据具体需求，还可以根据公司或机构的翻译要求进行格式调整，例如使用特定的字体、字号、页边距等。

因此，在进行外文中文翻译之前，最好与相关方沟通明确具体的规范要求。

杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院毕业论文外文文献翻译要求根据《普通高等学校本科毕业设计（论文）指导》的内容，特对外文文献翻译提出以下要求：一、翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但总字符要求不少于1.5万（或翻译成中文后至少在3000字以上）。

二、翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文（设计）主题相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业论文（设计）的参考文献。

并在每篇中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，中文译文后应附外文原文。

三、中文译文的基本撰写格式为：1.题目:采用小三号、黑体字、居中打印；2.正文:采用小四号、宋体字，行间距一般为固定值20磅，标准字符间距。

页边距为左3cm，右2.5cm，上下各2.5cm，页面统一采用A4纸。

四、封面格式由学校统一制作（注：封面上的“翻译题目”指中文译文的题目），并按“封面、译文一、外文原文一、译文二、外文原文二、考核表”的顺序统一装订。

五、忌自行更改表格样式。

毕业论文外文文献翻译毕业设计（论文）题目Xxx翻译（1）题目指翻译后的中文译文的题目翻译（2）题目指翻译后的中文译文的题目系会计系以本模板为准）专业XXXXXX（以本模板为准）姓名XXXXXX（以本模板为准）班级XXXXXX（以本模板为准）学号XXXXXX（以本模板为准）指导教师XXXXXX（以本模板为准）正文指导教师对外文翻译的评语：指导教师（签名）年月日建议成绩（百分制）评阅小组或评阅人对外文翻译的评语：评阅小组负责人或评阅人（签名）年月日建议成绩（百分制）杭州电子科技大学信息工程学院本科毕业论文文献综述的写作要求为了促使学生熟悉更多的专业文献资料，进一步强化学生搜集文献资料的能力，提高对文献资料的归纳、分析、综合运用能力及独立开展科研活动的能力，现对本科学生的毕业设计（论文）提出文献综述的写作要求，具体要求如下：一、文献综述的概念文献综述是针对某一研究领域或专题搜集大量文献资料的基础上，就国内外在该领域或专题的主要研究成果、最新进展、研究动态、前沿问题等进行综合分析而写成的、能比较全面地反映相关领域或专题历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容的综述性文章。

西安欧亚学院本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译译文学生姓名：蔡阳分院（系）：信息工程学院专业班级：通信工程0701指导教师：赵雨完成日期：2011 年1 月5 日不能触碰这个—无线电力传输Can't Touch This—Wireless power transmission作者：Bill Weaver, Ph.D.起止页码：出版日期（期刊号）：2006年10月25日出版单位：（以上文字用小4号宋体，数字、字母用Times New Roman体）外文翻译译文：几年前，一个同事和我参加在校大学生团体的一个老式的实地考察，考察地位于新泽西州的爱迪生国家历史遗址的西橙。

我们随公众参观，并参观了设置于建筑物内的实验室，了解了白炽灯灯泡和电影技术的发展。

然而，令我最感动的是其中的两个复杂的附加功能。

首先，是配备了当时美国专利局的所有出版物的研究图书馆。

科学家和工程师的代表关注到适销对路的产品可能会在创造新技术中有所用途。

大学是随之而来的发现科学技术的伟大场所，但爱迪生的实验室却是作为一个企业而存在的。

在 19 世纪后期是没有互联网连接的，因此，图书馆便担任起了实验室的信息存储库。

就像今天，当研究人员所需要的信息是有关于化学反应、一个数学公式或他们最先进的工程解决方案而咨询目前的文献一样，只不过当时是通过纸张。

第二个令人印象深刻的事情是生产和加工设施的复杂性。

创建工具，使新的工具催化技术的发展，是爱迪生实验室的一个创新过程的早期代表性的例子。

通过快速采用标准，进一步简化此过程。

由于工具和设备大部分可以在本地发展，便可以在数英亩大小的校园中部署自己的标准并创造该设施。

这种标准之一是权力分配的方法。

最终已知的电网发展供电是著名的爱迪生灯泡，早期的爱迪生实验室使用的工具是由一个通用线路轴组成的机器。

组成一个类似于后轮驱动汽车传动轴的长旋转轴或像是一个海洋船只的螺旋桨轴，使整个工厂的旋转的势能形式分散了锅炉产生的机械能。