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判断推理专题练习（十二）本部分包括三种类型的题目：一、图形推理：本部分包括两种类型的题目，共10篇。
二、演绎推理：共15题，每题给出一段陈述，这段陈述被假设是正确的，不容置疑的。
要求你根据这段陈述，选择一个答案。
注意，正确的答案应与所给的陈述相符合，不需要任何附加说明即可以从陈述中直接推出。
例题：对于穿鞋来说，正合脚的鞋子比大一些的鞋子好。
不过，在寒冷的天气，尺寸稍大点的毛衣与一件正合身的毛衣差别并不大。
这意味着（）。
A.不合脚的鞋不能在冷天穿B.毛衣的大小只不过是式样的问题，与其功能无关C.不合身的衣物有时仍然有使用价值D.在买礼物时，尺寸不如用途那么重要解答：只有C是可以从陈述中直接推出的，应选C。
请开始答题：11．作为中国文坛的一大创新，纪实文学近年来成为最热门的写作体裁。
但辉煌过后，麻烦也随之而来，指控纪实文学侵害名誉权的官司频频开庭，眼下的一例是某作家的《法撼汾西》与《天网》引出的8位山西老乡当原告，北京市某区人民法院受理此案，成为京城的一大热点。
由此可推知：A．纪实文学是中国人首创的B．某作家的两篇纪实文学侵害了8位山西老乡的名誉权C．纪实文学的辉煌时期已经过去D．某作家是一个纪实文学作家12．时间是有方向性的，总是从过去向未来流动。
这就是时间之箭。
在生物进化过程中，时间的过去与未来是不对称的，这是一个不可逆过程。
但生物进化的时间箭头与熵增不同。
熵增意味着退化，即旧事物的分解和衰亡；而进化是新事物的产生和发展，它的时间箭头是指向熵减少的。
因此A．生物的进化只有一个方向B．生物的演化可分为退化和进化两大类C．生物进化过去用的时间短，未来用的时间长D．熵的变化是没有方向性的13．作为社会基础的生产过程是现实的，是以复杂的形式出现的，包括生产、分配、交换和消费的全过程。
社会睁代的特点是由主要的生产关系决定的，但是，以主要生产关系为中心，还并存着其它附属的生产关系。
因此：A．只有存在纯粹的生产关系，才能使一社会时代具有鲜明的特征B．经济基础是综合的，是一社会全部生产关系的总和C．上层建筑决定着一社会的生产关系D．一社会时代主要的生产关系决定着该社会的一切特点14．情感是人类对世界的艺术掌握的重要特征。
英语四级阅读理解的猜词和推理技巧阅读理解是英语四级考试中的重要部分，其中猜词和推理技巧是帮助我们更好理解文章、准确回答问题的关键。
本文将介绍一些有效的猜词和推理技巧，希望对大家备考英语四级阅读理解有所帮助。
一、猜词技巧1. 上下文猜词法在阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些生词或不熟悉的词汇。
此时，可以通过上下文来猜测词义。
通常，作者在文章中会用其他词语、短语或句子对目标词进行解释或说明。
我们可以仔细阅读前后段落，寻找相关线索来推测词义。
例如，如果我们遇到了单词“meticulous”，可以在上下文中寻找关于细节、注意力等方面的信息来推断其含义。
2. 前缀、后缀猜词法许多单词的前缀和后缀具有一定的规律和意义。
如果我们了解一些常用的前缀和后缀，就能帮助我们更好地猜测单词的词义。
例如，如果我们知道“un-”表示“不”或“没有”，那么在遇到“unbelievable”这个词时，我们就能猜测出它的含义是“难以置信的”。
3. 词性猜词法在阅读理解中，我们可以通过词的词性来猜测其词义。
通常，名词、动词、形容词等不同的词性会有不同的含义。
我们可以根据句子的语境和词的形式来判断词义。
例如，如果我们遇到了单词“balance”，可以通过其是名词、动词还是形容词来确定其具体含义。
二、推理技巧1. 推测作者意图在阅读理解中，我们需要理解作者的意图和观点。
通过仔细阅读文章、分析文中的因果关系和逻辑推理，我们可以推测出作者的意图和目的。
例如，如果作者在文章中指出某个问题，并提出解决办法，我们就可以推测出作者的意图是解决该问题。
2. 推理细节信息在阅读理解中，我们需要从文章中找到具体的细节信息来回答问题。
通过仔细阅读文章、理解文章的结构和逻辑关系，我们可以推理出一些隐藏的细节信息。
例如，如果文章提到某个城市正在推行环保政策，而问题要求我们推断该城市的空气质量是否会有所改善，我们可以通过逻辑推理得出答案。
3. 推理事实与观点的区分在阅读理解中，我们需要准确地区分事实与观点。
四六级阅读理解题中的主旨推断方法阅读理解是英语四六级考试中的一个重要部分，主旨推断题作为其中的一种题型，往往让很多考生感到头疼。
主旨推断题要求考生通过阅读短文，判断文章的主旨或中心思想。
它考察了考生对文章的整体把握能力和总结归纳能力。
为了帮助考生更好地应对四六级阅读理解题中的主旨推断题，本文将介绍几种常用有效的主旨推断方法。
一、辨识定位句法在阅读理解题中，作者通常会使用一些特定的句法结构来表达文章的主旨。
这些句法结构常常可以帮助我们定位到文章的主旨句或主旨段。
在推断主旨时，我们可以关注以下几种句法结构：1. 让步状语从句：尽管...，但是...2. 转折状语从句：然而...3. 强调句：...是最重要的...4. 归纳总结句：综上所述...通过辨识和理解这些句法结构，我们可以更快地找到文章的主旨，从而回答主旨推断题。
二、寻找关键词关键词在阅读理解题中起着至关重要的作用，因为它们能够帮助我们捕捉到文章的关键信息。
而推断主旨也需要依靠这些关键信息进行。
在主旨推断题中，考生可以通过寻找与文章内容相关的关键词，来推断文章的主旨。
这些关键词可以是专有名词、重复出现的词汇、特定的形容词或副词等。
通过找到这些关键词，我们就能够更好地理解文章的核心内容，从而准确推断主旨。
三、分析段落结构阅读理解题一般由若干个段落组成，每个段落都有自己的目的和结构。
而在主旨推断题中，我们可以通过分析段落结构来推断文章的主旨。
首先，我们可以观察段落的首句和末句，因为往往这两句话能够帮助我们把握文章的核心内容。
其次，我们可以分析段落中的主题句或关键句，它们通常能够反映文章的中心思想。
通过分析段落结构，我们可以更好地理解文章的脉络和逻辑，进而推断出主旨。
四、注重文章的语气和态度文章的语气和态度往往能够帮助我们推断出主旨。
例如，如果文章使用了大量肯定语气和形容词，那么文章的主旨很可能是肯定的。
相反，如果文章使用了消极的词汇和否定的句子，那么文章的主旨可能是反面的。
英语四级阅读推理题答题技巧英语四级阅读推理题答题技巧四级阅读考查的题型主要是细节题，另外还会涉及态度题，主旨题，推理题，结论观点题，词汇题等。
各类题型表现形式不同，考查重点各异，解题方法有别。
店铺整理了相关的内容，欢迎欣赏与借鉴。
1、推理题表现形式推理题提问的方式有很多，比如suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，infer等。
然而，suggest，imply和indicate这些单词提问，这个题目往往按照细节题的方法来处理即可，真正难把握的是conclude和infer 两个单词，这也是四级阅读推理题经常用来提问的方式。
2、推理题解题方法推理题难度高，不在于推理难，而在于找答案没有方向。
比如，题目可能会问What can be inferred from the passage? What can be concluded from the passage? 如果我们对历年考题作一个仔细分析，可以发现conclude和infer还是有些答案查找的方向的。
Conclude提问的题目，一般会涉及原文中结论性，观点性的语言，尤其是段落首末的句子。
而infer提问的题目，如果题干信息比较多比较具体，一般可以当作细节题来处理，如果题干信息比较少，则考查原文观点结论的语言比较多，甚至考文章主题。
3、推理题注意点很多考生在做推理题时，有一种思维误区，认为一个选项与原文相去越远，就越可能是正确答案，所以在找不到原文的依据时，就随心所欲地推导。
其实，很多情况下，推理题的正确答案相差并不大，不应把这类题想得太难了。
比如：It can be inferred from the passage that____.A).killing foxes with poison is illegalB).limiting the fox population is unnecessaryC).hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violentD).fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich正确答案选择C，而原文相关信息是：┄ because they think it is brutal(残酷的) ┄(原文已经给出brutal的含义)。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）关于推理性问题（Inference）推理性问题与细节性问题相似，也是对文章具体内容的判断。
但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。
Inference类问题主要包括Significance和Communication Techniques两大类。
1. Significance文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图，有些含义需要读者从字里行间去体会，靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断，从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意思。
这类问题的命题方式有：(1)The writer implies but not directly states that__________-.(2) It can be inferred from the passage that_________.(3) The author strongly suggests that__________ .(4) It can be concluded from the passage that________.(5) The passage is intended to__________ .(6)The writer indicates that__________ .ExampleNursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we were to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's exampleAt Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health ac-count that covers everything from his medical history to his emotion-al state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment , it is not uncommon for his nurse to proposeanother approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized ( 分散的)nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse managers instead of head nurses,` in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurse decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.It can be inferred from the passage that__________.A）compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient .B)in most hospitals nurses get low salariesC）in most hospitals nurses get low salariesD) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hour at Beth Israel Hospital本题要求考生判断4个选项中哪一个是根据文章可以推断出的结论，要求考生根据文章内容作出合理的推断。
英语四级阅读理解的细节题和推理题解题技巧英语四级考试中，阅读理解是一个非常重要的部分。
其中，细节题和推理题是考试中常见的题型。
细节题要求考生根据文章中提供的具体细节信息作出判断，而推理题则需要考生通过阅读理解和推理能力来推断出某个信息或重点。
下面将介绍一些解答这两种题型的技巧。
一、细节题解题技巧1. 仔细阅读原文解答细节题时，首先要仔细阅读原文，理解文章的大意和细节信息。
可以在第一遍阅读时标记关键词和主要观点，有助于理清文章的逻辑结构。
2. 关注关键词在阅读题目时，要注意关注关键词，比如具体时间、地点、数字等。
这些关键词通常与细节题的答案直接相关。
3. 利用排除法如果答案不明确，可以通过排除法来找到正确答案。
先排除错误选项，然后逐个比较剩下的选项与文章中的细节信息，找到最符合的选项。
4. 注意文中的转折词和连接词有时，文中会用到转折词或连接词来引导细节信息的变化。
这些词汇常常是细节题的关键，需要考生留意。
二、推理题解题技巧1. 学会推断作者的观点解答推理题时，要学会推断作者的观点。
通过仔细阅读文章，理解作者的写作目的和态度，可以更好地理解文章所传递的信息。
2. 掌握推理的逻辑关系在解答推理题时，要学会掌握推理的逻辑关系。
注意找出文章中的线索和根据，进行合理的推理。
3. 注意文章的上下文上下文是推理题解答的重要依据。
通读全文，理解文章的整体结构和信息传递，有助于准确推断出各种细节和信息。
4. 多做练习练习是提高解答推理题能力的关键。
多做一些相关的练习题，熟悉各类题型和解题思路，可以增强解题的能力。
总结：细节题和推理题是英语四级阅读理解中的重点和难点。
通过掌握以上解题技巧，考生可以更好地应对这两种题型，并在考试中取得更好的成绩。
最重要的是多做练习，不断提升自己的阅读理解能力。
希望以上内容能对大家备考有所帮助！。
英语四级阅读理解的推断题和细节题解题技巧英语四级考试中，阅读部分是考生最为头疼的一部分。
其中，推断题和细节题是考察考生阅读理解能力的核心内容。
本文将介绍一些解题技巧，帮助考生顺利应对这两个题型。
一、推断题解题技巧推断题是要求考生根据文章中的信息，进行逻辑推理，从而得出正确的结论。
以下是一些解题技巧：1. 理解文章主旨：在解答推断题之前，首先要确保对文章的主题和观点有清晰的理解。
这有助于我们从整体上把握文章的意义，从而更好地推测细节或者进一步推理。
2. 寻找线索词：阅读文章时要留意线索词，这些词在文章中起到承上启下的作用。
通过寻找线索词，我们可以更准确地推测作者的意图和文章的隐含信息。
3. 推理注意事项：推断题需要考生进行逻辑推理，但一定要注意不能过度解读。
只提取文章中的必要信息，不要进行主观臆断，以免导致答案错误。
二、细节题解题技巧细节题是考察考生对文章细节信息的把握和理解。
以下是一些解题技巧：1. 理解语段结构：细节题往往只需要在文章中找到对应的词语或句子，因此，理解文章的语段结构是解题的关键。
通过把握文章的段落结构，可以更准确地定位所需信息的位置。
2. 识别定位词：在解答细节题时，要注意根据题干中的定位词，确定需要找的信息在文章中的位置。
常见的定位词包括时间、地点、人物等。
3. 注意细节转折：在寻找细节信息的过程中，有时候会出现转折或者变换语气的情况。
考生在解答细节题时要留意这些转折点，以免漏掉关键细节。
总结：对于英语四级阅读理解中的推断题和细节题，考生需要通过合理的解题方法和技巧来应对。
在解答推断题时，要理解全文主旨，寻找线索词，谨慎推理。
而在解答细节题时，要理解文章语段结构，识别定位词，注意细节转折。
通过掌握这些技巧，相信考生能够在英语四级阅读理解中取得更好的成绩。
参考词汇：推断题 - inference question细节题 - detail question阅读理解 - reading comprehension解题技巧 - solving skills。
四级阅读推理题解析与训练阅读是英语四级考试中最重要的一项能力，其中阅读推理题是考察考生逻辑思维和阅读理解能力的重要环节。
为了帮助考生更好地应对这一题型，本文将对四级阅读推理题进行详细解析，并提供一些实用的训练技巧。
一、阅读推理题概述阅读推理题是四级考试中的一种题型，要求考生根据给定的文章内容进行逻辑推理，选择最符合文章意思的选项。
这类题目通常涉及作者观点、文章主旨、作者态度等方面，需要考生具备良好的阅读理解和逻辑思维能力。
二、解题技巧1. 抓住文章主旨阅读推理题通常涉及到文章的主旨，因此在解题时要先抓住文章的中心思想。
可以通过读题干、浏览首段和尾段等方法迅速确定文章的主要内容，从而更好地进行推理。
2. 注意修辞手法在阅读推理题中，修辞手法经常被使用来表达作者的观点和情感。
比如作者使用的词语、句式和比喻等，都能给出线索帮助我们理解文章。
因此，在解题时要注意对修辞手法的分析，从而更好地推断作者的意图。
3. 注意逻辑关系阅读推理题中经常涉及到逻辑关系，比如因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等。
了解这些逻辑关系，对于解题非常有帮助。
在解题时，可以通过标记关键词、画出逻辑图等方式来帮助理清逻辑关系，从而准确地选择答案。
三、实例分析下面通过一个实例来具体分析阅读推理题的解题过程。
Passage:Recently, there has been a growing concern about the effects of excessive screen time on children's health. Many parents worry that their children spend too much time in front of screens, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones. Some researchers argue that excessive screen time may lead to a sedentary lifestyle, poor eyesight, and even behavioral problems. However, not all experts agree with this view.Question:What can be inferred from the passage?A. Excessive screen time is the main cause of behavioral problems in children.B. Experts have different opinions on the effects of excessive screen time.C. Spending time in front of screens is harmful to children's eyesight.D. Parents should completely ban their children from using screens.解析：通过阅读文章，我们可以得出一些结论。
英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 1There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 2If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the earths resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there. Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen andcarbon. When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus. -1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____ a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere b.its atmosphere is the same as the earthsc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______. a.the algae have done their work -b.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there答案：cabdd英语四级长篇阅读匹配试题及答案 3Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of Americans were obese(肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine. But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the world’s most obese communities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊). The mix can even occur within a single household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak. In many affected countries there are cultural factorsto contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form. ofhospitality.Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem Could existin their countries. Add to that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting dietand exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.英语四级阅读模拟试题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ______.A.many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroomB.more people are overweighed in the United StatesC.people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scalesD.youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities2.As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.A.other western countries has been defeated by fatB.obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich worldC.waistbands begin to be popular in other western countriesD.western countries can no longer fight against obesity3.Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands?A.The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.B.Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too.C.Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage.D.The problem of overweight emerges very fast.4.Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage that____A.the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacityB.no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleakC.it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solvedD.we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable5.What is the main idea of this passage?A.Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.B.The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.C.Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.D.Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.英语四级阅读参考答案1.[B] 推理判断题。
大学四六级考试的推理技巧大学四六级考试的推理技巧阅读除了需要理解文章的字面语义外，更需要透过字里行间领悟言外之意及作者的语气、态度，这就要求读者具有一定的推理能力。
推理的前提就是阅读到的有关文字——可能是短语或句子或整个段落甚至整篇短文。
读者必须由表及里、由此及彼，从字里行间悟出合乎作者本意的言外之意。
推理的'结果应是既来自于字里行间、又高于字里行间；既符合原文实际内涵，又超越实际内涵；既基于已知事实，又不仅仅是已知事实。
正确的推理要求：1敝矣谠文，切忌用自己的观点取代作者原意；2弊⒁庾髡咔泊试炀涞奶氐愫颓阆颍客观推测作者立场、观点和写作意图；3庇赏一已知事实可推出不止一个正确的结论。
例：Apart from the obvious fact that rioters tend to come from the less well-off section of the community, there is no evidence that economic circumstances have any causal relationship with street violence.A) There is some evidence for relating economic circumstances to street violence.B) Not all the people in the community referred to are poor.C) There is no evidence that economic circumstances result from street viloence.D) All rioters come from the poorer section of the community.本例中，只有A可由原文推知，其中Apart from所引述的正是经济环境与暴力的一种相关性；C否定了这一相关性，故与原文相悖；D 与原句中“rioters tend to come from…”的原意不符：“往往”不等于“总是”；B则是原文第一部分的重述，不属推论。
四级阅读第十二堂推理判断题咋推理掌握推理判断题的解题方法。
30分钟听讲四级考试的阅读题目，侧重于考查考生对细节信息的处理能力。
考生不仅要能找出与文章意思相同的同义表达，还要能根据原文信息做出一些推理判断。
下面对四级考试中所考查到的三种推理判断能力进行一下讲解。
一、因果推理因果逻辑推理是一种重要的推理判断能力，因为因果逻辑是阅读理解中最重要的一种逻辑关系。
考查因果逻辑关系的题目，一般是在题干中给出结果，要求考生选择正确的原因。
这种题目中的因果关系，在原文中可能不会清晰地表现出来，需要考生加以判断和推理。
因果关系在原文中的表现形式多种多样，可以是有明确的表示因果关系的词汇(如because，so)，也可以是表示目的(行为是因，目的是果)、条件(条件为因，结果为果)、并列和承接(前句为因，后句为果)的词，也可以没有明确的关系词。
【真题示例1】(08-06)【原文】But privacy does matter — at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.【题目】66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that .[A] people will make every effort to keep it[B] its importance is rarely understood[C] it is something that can easily be lost[D] people don t cherish it until they lose it【解析】选［D］。
推理判断题。
题干中的“in that”相当于because，考查原因。
本题考查隐私与健康的相似之处，从而将答案出处定位到末段。
文中并没有明确表示因果关系的词来表示文中的逻辑关系，需考生自己综合推理判断。
末段提到，隐私就像健康：当你拥有时，你会毫不在意；而当你失去时，你才会希望要是自己原来多做点事情来保护它就好了。
故答案为[D]。
【真题示例2】(07-12)【原文】The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there's the convenience pro mised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, inyour pajamas (睡衣).But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course.【题目】59. Many students take Internet based courses mainly because they can .［A］earn their academic degrees with much less effort［B］save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses［C］select courses from various colleges and universities［D］work on the required courses whenever and wherever【解析】选［D］。
推理判断题。
根据题干中的Many students take Internet based courses和because将答案出处定位到第三段第二句。
该句提到，选择网上课程的方便之处在于，你可以穿着睡衣上课。
其中in your pajamas的隐含之意是你可以随时随地地上课，而这就解释了网络课程如此具有吸引力的原因。
［D］是根据原文做出的推断，故为答案。
二、演绎推理演绎推理就是根据某个一般的原理，推出与这个一般原理相关的个别事物的结论，就是由“一般到个别”的过程。
演绎推理是由三个判断组成的，前两个判断是大、小前提，最后一个判断是结论。
常见的有三段论式的演绎推理。
要求演绎推理的题目，常常在原文中有一个大前提，而题干和正确选项分别是小前提和结论中的一个。
【真题示例】(08-06)【原文】Psychologists tell us boun daries are healthy, that it s important to reveal your self to friends, family a nd lovers in stages, at appropriate times.【题目】63. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?[A] Friends should open their hearts to each other.[B] Friends should always be faithful to each other.[C] There should be a distance even between friends.[D] There should be fewer disputes between friends.【解析】选［C］。
推理判断题。
根据题干中的psychologists和friends将答案出处定位到第三段。
文中提到一个大前提：心理学家告诉我们，有边界是健康的，并且告诉我们，在某些阶段，某个合适的时间，向朋友、家人和所爱的人展现你自己是很重要的。
题干中有一个小前提friends(文中大前提是friends, family and lov ers)，选项［C］中有一个结论there should be a distance(文中大前提是boundaries are healthy)，故为答案。
注意that从句在本句中与“boundaries are healthy”并列作宾语从句。
三、归纳推理归纳推理题所考查的是考生对具体事实和细节描述进行总结和概述的能力，是由“个别到一般”的过程。
这种题目经常是出现在没有主题句的段落中。
【真题示例1】(07-12)【原文】While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e mail. Generally speaking, face to face communication with an instructor is min imized or eliminated altogether.【题目】58. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by .［Ａ］a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements［B］the great diversity of students academic bac kgrounds［C］ a minimum or total absence of face to face instruction［D］the casual relationship between students and professors【解析】选［C］。
推理判断题。
根据题干中的distance learning, basically characterized将答案出处定位到第二段。
文中列举了远程教育的几种情况：教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排张贴到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。
一般来讲，师生间面对面的交流减到了最少，或者完全没有了。
［C］项是对其特点的归纳总结，故为答案。
【真题示例2】(07-06)【原文】Today I research and teach at Barnard，a women s college in New York City. Recently，someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer，45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don t dismiss those concerns. Still，I don t tell them “war” stories. In stead，I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that s a sight worth talking about.【题目】66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?［Ａ］Women students needn t have the concerns of her generation.［B］Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.［C］Women can balance a career in science and having a family.［D］Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.【解析】选［C］。
