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英语学习中如何做汉译英练习
动笔之前，仔细阅读原句，确切理解原句内容，抓住全句中心，搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。然后把句子缩小了再缩小，缩小到只剩下英语的六个基本句型中的主要成分。先心译，再笔译。在心译过程中，从基本句型开始，一步步扩大句子，添加修饰成分，直至完整，再笔译。现举数例：
1：“就在文戈获释之前，他给妻子写了一封信，问她是否愿意让他回去。”
第一步把句子缩小到只剩下英语的六个基本句型中的主要成分，但句子仍然通顺。
“文戈写了一封信”。Vingo wrote a letter．
第二步增加修饰语（成分），扩大句子。
“文戈给妻子写了一封信”。Vingo wrote a letter to his wife．
第三步再扩大句子。
“就在文戈获释之前，他给妻子写了封信”。Just before he was released from jail，Vingo wrote a letter to his wife．
第四步再扩大句子，直至完整，最后笔译。
“就在文戈获释之前，他给妻子写了一封信，问她是否愿意让他回去。” Just before he was released from jail，Vingo wrote a letter to his wife asking if she would have him back．
2：“体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。”
思维方法同上。
①The head of the delegation laughed．
②The head of the sports delegation laughed．
③The head of the sports delegation laughed with delight．
④The head of the sports delegation laughed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers．
3：“老人读完信后失望之极，竟用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。”
①The old man was disappointed．
②After reading the letter the old man was disappointed．
③After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits．
④After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore the letter into little bits with his trembling fingers．
4：“在讨论这个问题之前，我要给你们读点东西。”
① I'll read you something．
②Before the question is discussed, I'll read you something．
5：“老师告诉我们，不要在教室里大声喧哗。”
①The teacher told us…
②The teacher told us not to talk or laugh loudly．
③The teacher told us not to talk or laugh loudly in the classroom．
另外，在翻译过程中还必须保持性、数、格、人称、时态、语态等一致性。选词准确，正确使用习惯用法与修辞手段。在经常做翻译练习的同时，不断提高翻译技巧。久而久之，便会熟能生巧，得心应手。
小试牛刀，尝试翻译下列句子：
1. 那噪音太响，我无法继续学习。
2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。
3. 人们需要一个可以休息和玩乐的地方。
4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。
5. 我已答应明天下午3:30到机场接他。
6. 听了我说的话，我的邻居向我道歉并马上把电视音量关小。
7. 他是一个很有学问的人我们都很欣赏他。
8. 在过去，人们主要通过写信、打公共电话来彼此保持联系。
9. 我宁愿呆在家里，因为我可以做我想做的，比如：读书、看电视、帮助父母做家务。
10. 我们应该把中国文化和历史介绍给外国人，以便他们能更多的了解中国。
11. 为了改善北京交通，政府应鼓励更多人使用公共交通或自行车。
12. 以我的观点来看，考试作弊是错的，因为它违反了学校规章。
13. 我们学生应该诚实，尽力通过努力学习而不是考试作弊来获得好成绩。
14. 有个老人静静地坐在附近的一个板凳上。
参考答案：
1. The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.
2. I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.
3. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves.
4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.
5. I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.
6. After hearing what I said, my neighbor apologized to me and turned down the TV immediately.
7. He is such a learned person that we all admire him very much.
8. In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.
9. I prefer to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.
10. We should introduce the Chinese culture and history to foreigners so that they may know China better.
11. To improve the traffic in Beijing, the government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles.
12. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools.
13. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations.
14. There was an old man sitting quietly on a bench nearby.
