专四语法重点总结
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专四语法可可英语好的,以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章:可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分,在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。
虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。
虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。
1. 与现在事实相反:使用动词的过去式(be动词用were),从句使用would+动词原形。
例如:If I were you,I would choose to study abroad.(如果我是你,我会选择出国留学。
)2. 与过去事实相反:使用“would+have+过去分词”,从句使用“had+过去分词”。
例如:If we had known the answer,we would have told you.(如果我们知道答案,我们早就告诉你了。
)3. 与将来事实相反:使用“would+动词原形”,从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。
例如:If it were to rain tomorrow,the football match would be postponed.(如果明天下雨,足球比赛就会被推迟。
)二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点,也是专四考试的重点。
定语从句用来修饰名词,通常放在所修饰名词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。
1. 使用that的情况:当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时,或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,多用that引导定语从句。
例如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。
)2. 使用which的情况:当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时,通常使用which。
英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试,就必须掌握英语专四的语法。
那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容,希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be,这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式,这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:从属分句复合句= 主句+从句(1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句。
一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53)A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008, 55)A. Much thoughB. Much asC. As muchD. Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak. (2008, 54)A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009,60)A. whenB. asC. untilD. than6 ____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (2010,55)A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However7 Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that8 He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ___ that he paid me back the following week. (2005)A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if9 Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of cause?A. I got a job as soon as I left university.B. As there was on answer, I wrote again.C. You must do the exercise as I show you.D. Wealthy as he is, Mark is not a happy man.状语从句重点总结:(一)条件状语从句:表示条件或假设,通常由以下连词或结构引导:★特别提醒几种不常用的条件状语从句举例:In the event that she can not arrive on time, we will go first.Suppose it snowed, we would still go.Say what he said were true, what would you do about it?(二)让步状语从句:含有“虽然,尽管,即使”之意,主要引导词有:★特别提醒1. 几种不常用的让步状语从句举例:In spite of the fact that he was deaf and dumb, he had a genius for music.While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.Much as she needed the job, she had to refuse.For all that there were a lot of difficulties, he finally entered the final competition and won.Granted you have made much progress, you should not be conceited.2. 用了although或though,就一定不能再后面的从句中同时用but,但是though可以和yet 连用。
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为: would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。
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专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种'时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5。
当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种'或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点:必须用's的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2 )作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加's4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用's7)当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8。
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一:从属分句复合句= 主句+从句(1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准,从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句(即定语从句)和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等;名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
要点2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上;关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别;名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句.一状语从句状语从句真题剖析:1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one。
(2008, 53)A。
when B. that C. which D。
what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend,he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (2008,55)A. Much though B。
Much as C。
As much D。
Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak。
(2008,54)A。
for which B。
for that C。
in that D. in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____。
(2008, 60)A。
it could be B。
could be C。
it was D。
was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left. (2009,60) A。
1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词(either…or,neither…nor,not…but,not only…but also,or 等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句:There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句:It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with,no less than,besides,except,but,including等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和主语保持一致。
例句:I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我,还有我姐姐,打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句:All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下,由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例句:What I want to say is just “ T ake care!”.我只想说:“多保重!”4. 当主语与all,none,any,some等不定代词、形容词连用时,应根据具体句意,来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
英语专业四级语法重点汇总English英语专八专四学习复习资料英语专四语法重点汇总一、非谓语动词的主要考点1. 有些典型动词后面可以接上不定式或动名词来做宾语的,但是在意思上是有区别的,主要常考到的动词罗列如下:mean to do想要(做某事)VS mean doing意味(做某事)propose to do 打算(做某事)VS propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的事)VS forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)VS remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事)VS go on doing继续(做原来的事)stop to do停下来去做另一件事VS stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾VS regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2. 不定式的习惯用法典型句型整理如下:如:“cannot help but do”——“不得不做某事”如:“cannot but do”——“不禁做某事”如:“cannot choose but do”——“不由自主地做某事”如:“can do nothing but do”——“不能不做某事”如:“have no choice but to do”——“只能做某事”如:“have no alternative but to do”——“只能做某事”例句:The boy cannot help but be greatly influenced by the useful instruction given by his family tutor.When I start my job career, I cannot choose but look back upon the beautiful days I spent on campus.3. 动名词的习惯用法典型动名词的习惯句型整理罗列如下:如:be busy/active doing sth.如:It’s no good/use doing sth.如:spend/waste time doing sth.如:have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.如:have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.如:There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.例句:There is no use crying over spilt milk.(典型例句)牛奶洒了,哭也没用;后悔是没有用的;覆水难受I really have problem solving these mathematic questions since I am not major in science after all.二、形容词与副词及其比较级1. 形容词的句法功能形容词通常在句子中用做定语、表语与主语的语法成分,通常考到的知识点总结如下:(1) 以“a”开头的形容词如“alone”、“alike”、“asleep”、“awake”等一般不能做前置定语,通常是做表语或后置定语的例句:Jerry didn’t pass the important final exam, please let him alone for the time being.Michael came back from job just now, and his eyes were shut and he seemed to have fallen asleep.(2) 某些以副词词缀“-ly”结尾的词其实是形容词,不能看错是副词,例如“friendly”、“leisurely”、“lovely”等(3) 下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时,要求形容词做表语这些典型单词罗列如下:“remain”、“keep”、“become”、“get”、“grow”、“go”、“come”、“turn”、“stay”、“stand”、“run”、“prove”、“seem”、“appear”、“look”等例句:The situation remains tense between the two countries at this juncture. 在这个节骨眼上,两国形势仍然持续紧张。
大学英语4级语法笔记
1. 主谓一致
- 主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
- 当主语是单数第三人称时,谓语动词要加s。
- 当主语是复数时,谓语动词不加s。
2. 动词时态
- 一般现在时:表示经常性或惯性的动作。
- 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。
- 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作。
- 过去进行时:表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
- 现在完成时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在造成的影
响或结果。
- 过去完成时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作对过去的另一个
时间或动作造成的影响或结果。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
- 比较级:注意形容词和副词在比较级前面要加上more或less。
- 最高级:注意形容词和副词在最高级前面要加上the most或the least。
4. 名词所有格
- 表示属于关系时,在名词后面加's。
- 表示复数名词所有格时,在名词后面加'。
5. 祈使句和感叹句
- 祈使句表示命令、请求或建议,一般用动词原形。
- 感叹句表示惊讶、赞叹等情感,常以What、How等引导。
6. 介词的用法
- 介词用于表示位置、时间、方式等关系。
- 常用的介词有in、on、at、under、over等。
以上是大学英语4级语法的一些基础知识点,请在学习和写作时注意运用。
专四语法重点总结一、代词、名词、数次1. 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2. everyone后面不可以跟of短语every one 就可以3. 以‘名词/动名词+介词〔短语〕/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要局部的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词局部变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成局部全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4. 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5. 当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时其前可加a/an6. 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合1 )’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后2 ) 作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s3) 人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s4 )当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略5) 复合名词在最后一个词后加’s6) 当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s7) 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋必须用of的场合1) 名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时2) 以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时7. 如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four2) ’the+序数词+名词‘如the Fourth Chapter9. 倍数增减的表示法1) 倍数+形容词/副词比拟级+than2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as3) 倍数+名词4) 动词+百分比或倍数5) 动词+to+数词6) double/triple/quadruple+名词7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10. 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11. 百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词、副词1 前置修饰语的排列顺序可以置于冠词前的形容词〔all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词〔a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词〔one ) 序数词〔first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词〔good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词2.后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词3.形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置4.enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置5.有些形容词本身就有‘比……年长’,‘比……优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than6.much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词7.more 不能用来修饰比拟级8.与名词连用的more of a .. ./ as much of a... / more of a.... 意为更像……9.as much of a……意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上10.none other than(不是别人,正是〕=no other than11.any/sone/every与other连用时,其后假设用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词、虚拟语气1.can 用于否认句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能〔but后跟不带to的动词不定式〕2.must 表示制止,一定不要时的否认式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否认形式为can’t3.need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味4.need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事〔经常考〕虚拟语气1.It is (high/about/the)time... 谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了2.It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经历3.as if/though 的虚拟要点1) 对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型五、比拟级比拟等级的含义:英语中形容词与副词有三个比拟等级,即原级,比拟级和最高级。
一般来说,表示等于时用原级。
Eg. I’m just as busy today as I was yesterday.表示二者的比拟时用比拟级eg. I’m much busier today than I was yesterday.表示“最〞时用最高级Eg. That was the busiest day of my life.存在句形容词与副词比拟等级的构成构成原级比拟级最高级单音节词尾加er, est great greater greatest单音节词尾e, 加r, st fine finer finest闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写big bigger biggest辅音字母加er,est少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾双音节词尾加er,est happy happier happiest(y前为辅音字母去y加clever cleverer cleverest er,est〕其它双音节词和多音节词,前加more, difficult more difficult most difficultmost不规那么变化副词比拟等级的构成副词比拟等级的构成大致与形容词比拟等级的构成一样,但以后缀ly结尾的副词用more和most。
hard hardest hardestearly earlier earliestquickly more quickly most quickly不规那么变化形容词与副词比拟等级的根本用法A. 根本形式“as +原级+as〞构造eg. He’s as tall as I.B.否认的同级比拟常用not as…as或not so …aseg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.C.变体1) as + much/many + 名词+ as2) as +形原级+ a + 名词+as3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as4) 名词复数+as +形+ as5) the same as/ be similar to比拟级A.根本构造“比拟级+than〞构造eg.He is taller than I .She sees me more often than she sees her brother.B.变体1〕形比拟级+ 名+ than2〕名+ 形比拟级+ than3〕the + 形比拟级+ of + the two4〕superior/ inferior to最高级A. 常用“the +最高级+比拟围〞eg. This is the best picture in the hall.He sings the best in the class.B. 变体1) more… than any other2) Not …+ 比拟等级关于比拟构造用法的补充说明1〕more…than…是…而不是,与其说是…不如说是eg.She is more been than wise.He is more a writer than an artist.2〕not so much …as与其说是…不如说是eg. It wasn’t so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn’t interested.3)not more/er than与no more/er thaneg.He is no richer than I= as poor asHe is not richer than I4) more and moreeg. He is being fatter and fatter.5). The more… the more…eg. The harder she worked, the more progress she made.6〕more than 多于eg. More than 1000 people attended the meeting.7〕more than 不止,超过eg. She is more than pretty.8) more than 简直不eg. My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.六、并列构造两个或两个以上意义相关、层次一样、句法功能也一样、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法构造序列叫做并列构造。
1. 并列构造的各种形式1〕词与词的并列you and me2〕词组与词组的并列a teacher and a student3〕分句与分句的并列you can go or you can stay with us.2. 并列构造的连接手段1〕并列连词2〕标点符号3)并列构造的插入语在最后一个工程之前插入一个词语,使这个工程处于更加突出的地位。
4)并列构造的对称组合成对组合的方法使整个构造更加紧凑。
3. 并列连词的意义和用法1.以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词and, both…and, not only…but also, not…nor, neither…nor等。
这一类并列连词在语义上表示其连接的成分是对前项的补充和引申,包括肯定和否认两种意义的引申。
And除表示语义增补外还有其他意义.还有一些and连接的语法构造形似并列构造实际并非并列构造.Eg. This room is nice and warm. = ( nicely warm.) I’ll go and see my friend. = ( go to see)2.以or 为代表的表示选择的并列连词这类连词包括or和either…or3.以but为代表的表示语义转折和比照的并列连词这类连词包括but, not…but, while, whereas, only, yet.4. 补充说明:1) both…and 只连结成分不连接句子;只连对等构造Eg. Both the student and the teacher are pleased to hear the news.2) not only …but also连结成分和连接句子;只连对等构造Eg. Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.3) either …or连结成分和连接句子;连对等构造或不对等构造Eg. Either you or I am going to shanghai.He can either stay at home or leave.He has either gone to the movies or ( gone to ) the theatre.4) neither …nor连结成分和连接句子;连对等构造或不对等构造Eg. He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.并列连词与连接性状语And与moreover;furthermore what’s more …Eg. He is a good teacher and a good friend.He is a good teacher. Moreover, he is a good friend.but与howeveror与otherwiseSo与as a result , consequently ...七、存在句〔There be〕存在句的构造特征存在句的构造模式是:There + be + NP + Locative Expression (+ Temporal Expression)存在句的引导词There在句中位于主语位置,实义主语是随后的名词词组,There起形式主语的作用,在疑问句中,它和操作词倒装。