2017-2018上海市格致中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题

2020-2021学年上海市格致中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Origins of Famous BrandsOur lives are full of brand names and trademarked products that we use every day. Although many brand names are simple acronyms(首字母缩略词) or versions of their founders names, some of the companies we trust every day actually have fascinating and surprising back stories.StarbucksIt seems fitting that the most famous coffee brand in the world would take its name from one of the world’s greatest works of literature. The inspiration for the name of the coffeehouse came from Herman Melville’sMoby Dick. The founders’ original idea was to name the company after the Captain Ahab’s ship, but they eventually decided that Pequot wasn’t a great name for coffee, so they chose Ahab’s first mate, Starbucks, as the name instead.GoogleGoogle was originally called Backrub, for it searched for links in every corner of the Web. In 1997, when the founders of the company were searching for a new name showing a huge amount of data for their rapidly improving search technology, a friend suggested the word “googol”. When a friend tried to register the new domain (域) name, he misspelled “googol” as “google”.NikeOriginally founded as a distributor for Japanese running shoes, the company was originally named BRS, or Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, BRS introduced its own soccer shoe, a model called Nike, which is alsothe name for the Greek goddess of victory. In 1978, the company officially renamed itself as Nike, Inc.The right name is essential to a company’s success, and a great origin story is just as important as a great product. An attractive origin story is one more thing that keeps customers guessing, wondering, and buying its products.1. What is the name of the Captain Ahab’s ship?A. Moby Dick.B. Starbucks.C. Pequot.D. Herman Melville.2. Why did the founders of the Google want to change its name?A. They mistook their name.B. They wanted new customers.C. The company’s original name was too long.D. The company’s search technology was improving rapidly.3. Where does the importance of the origin story of one company lie in?A. It can change the company’s image.B. It can add myth to the company.C. It explains the development of the company to customers.D. It makes customers imagine and purchase its goods.BEveryone can be angry. But if you take the time to actually examine your anger instead of just “feeling” angry, you’ll have a better understanding of yourself. Knowing why you feel so angry can provide you with some surprising answers. These answers can enable you to suddenly grow spiritually and mentally.I can give you a personal example. I went to a meeting once and I was verbally attacked over an application I supported at my workplace. Various people went on and on about how terrible this system was and that it never worked. That didn’t bother me that much. I was used to that but one of the comments that was said was, “Your job is pointless.” This really upset meand at the time, I was ly furious(发怒地) with that comment.I was so angry and upset that they would treat me that way. Once I took the time to think about what was really making me so mad. I learned a lot. I realized that the comment was more truethan I wanted to admit. In the big scheme of things, my job was pointless. It wasn’t what I really wanted to be doing with my life and this was what frustrated me the most. Here I was pouring part of my heart and soul into a job I didn’t even really want to do. I was using it as a crutch(拐杖) because I didn’t have the confidence in myself to take the scary road towards what I really wanted to do. As soon as I realized that, a lot of my anger just melted away. I also realized that I needed to start focusing on what I really wanted to do.I now consider this incident as a great gift It got me back on track to moving in the direction I wanted to go with my life. I probably wouldn’t be where I am today if I hadn’t taken the time to figure out why I was really so angry.4. What made the author angry at the meeting?A. The system of the company was terrible.B. Someone said his job is insignificant.C. The policy of the company didn’t work.D. The application he supported was of no effect.5. What brought down the anger of the author?A. The apology someone made at the meeting.B. The crutch he used to take the scary road.C. His awareness of the fact that the comment was true.D. The courage he had to overcome the challenges.6. Why did the author consider the incident as a gift?A. It brought him back on track to the goal.B. It helped him get promoted to a higher position.C. It helped him change his character since then.D. It provided him with confidence in his career.7. What can be the best title of the passage?A. How to Cope with Verbal Attack in a CompanyB. Avoid Being Pointless at WorkC. Anger Is Harmful to HealthD. Understanding Yourself Better Through AngerCLast summer, Maria and her mother moved from their house in the countryside to a flat building in Chicago. Maria really liked some things about the city, but she missed her house and yard in the countryside.One day, Maria was in her flat building when she noticed her neighbor, Mrs. Garcia, carrying a gardening tool and a bag of soil. Maria wondered how Mrs. Garcia was able to garden in the city.“My mom used to grow the most delicious vegetables, and I know she misses her garden now that we don’t have a yard,” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia laughed. “I’ll show you,” she said.Maria thought that Mrs. Garcia would take her to the park, but she took her to the roof. When the door opened, Maria was surprised to see rows of flowers and vegetables on the roof.“What a wonderful garden!” said Maria.Mrs. Garcia told Maria that for a long time the roof was just an empty space. Then some of the people in the building asked the owners to turn it into a community garden. The building owners liked the idea because the plants not only helped to keep the air clean, but they also helped to keep the building cooler during warmer weather.“I plant flowers in my own place,” Mrs. Garcia said, “but you would be surprised by how different the plants are up here. Some people grow vegetables just like your mom. You can do some of the same things in the city as in the countryside. You just have to be creative!”8. Where did Mrs. Garcia take Maria to one day?A. The park.B. The roof.C. The garden in front of her house.D. The countryside.9. Which of the following is NOT the good side of the community garden?A. It made the building stronger.B. It helped keep the air clean.C. It helped keep the building cooler.D. It used the empty space well.10. After Maria visited the garden, she would most probably ask her mom to ________.A. go back to the countrysideB. pick flowers from the gardenC show her around the park D. grow vegetables on the roof11. What is the best title for this passage?A. A Creative LadyB. An Empty RoofC. A Rooftop GardenD. A Special BuildingDPreparations for the Tokyo Olympics have suffered another challenge after a survey found that 60% of people in Japan want them to be cancelled,less than three months before the Games are scheduled to open.Japan has extended a state of emergency in Tokyo and several other regions until the end of May as it struggles to control a fast increase in COVID-19 cases caused by new, more catching variants（变异体）with medical staff warning that health services in some areas are on the edge of breaking down.The Olympics, which were delayed by a year due to the pandemic, are set to open on 23 July, with the International Olympic Committee（IOC）and organizers insisting that measures will be put in place to ensure the safety of athletes and other visitors, as well as a nervous Japanese public.The survey, conducted between 7 and 9 May by the conservative Yomiuri Shimbun, showed 60% wanted the Games cancelled as opposed to 39% who said they should be held. “Postponement” — an option abandoned by the IOC — was not offered as a choice.Of those who said the Olympics should go ahead, 23% said they should take place without audience. Foreign audience have been banned but a final decision on native attendance will be made in June.Another poll conducted at the weekend by TBS News found 65% wanted the Games cancelled or postponedagain, with 37% voting to give up the event altogether and 28% calling for another delay. A similar poll in April conducted by Kyodo news agency found 70% wanted the Olympics cancelled or postponed.The IOC's vice president, John Coates, said that while Japanese sentiment about the Games “was a concern”, he could foresee no situation under which the sporting events would not go ahead.12. How many Japanese wish the Olympics would not be held in Tokyo according to the survey?A. 60%.B. 28%.C. 37%.D. 70%.13. What should be put into consideration if the Olympics open?A. The economic crisis.B. The urban transport.C. The safety of athletes.D. The health condition of citizens.14. What is some people's attitude towards foreign spectators in Paragraph 5?A. Welcome.B. Unfriendly.C. Cold.D. Unsupported.15. What can we conclude from John Coates'words?A. The Olympics will be stopped this year.B. The Olympics will be put off.C. The Olympics will be held normally.D. The Olympics will take place in other place.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市格致高级中学高三英语期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AConservation Volunteering in New ZealandWhether you are a student, professional or a retiree (退休者), anyone is welcome to make a difference and contribute to protecting some of the most beautiful islands in the world. Choose a suitable city and travelout to your conservation (保护) site to work with local people!Duration: 1-12 weeks Dates: Throughout the yearArrival day: Friday Return day: FridayRequirement: General level of fitness Age: 18+What will I be doing?Volunteer in New Zealand and enjoy conserving the environment through activities such as:·Tree planting·Walking trail construction·Protect native birds, insects, fish and penguins·Seed collection·Weed controlYou, and a group of up to 10 volunteers, will work under the guidance of a conservation team leader. Your team leader will give you regular safety instructions, inform you of the project aims and assist you with working effectively.No previous experience is necessary to join the project. All you need is a love of the environment and a fairly good level of fitness to help out!1.Who can sign up for this conservation volunteering project?A.A retired maths teacher.B.A primary school student.C.A scientist with heart disease.D.A businessman in a wheelchair.2.What can you do on the volunteer trip?A.Protect cultural sites and go shopping.B.Enjoy local sightseeing and go fishing.C.Protect weeds and build roads.D.Collect seeds and plant trees.3.From which is the text probably taken?A.A history book.B.A travel magazine.C.A research paper.D.A novel.BIt is universally acknowledged that renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and hydropower are all much better for the climate than fossil fuels.It is true for wind and solar. However, the picture for hydropower is more complicated than we think.A new study by the Environmental Defense Fund analyzed the climate impacts of 1,500 hydropower facilities across the globe. That accounts for about half of hydropower generation worldwide. The researchers looked at whether the facilities behave as a greenhouse gas sink or as a source. To figure this out, they looked into all the different components that help determine a hydropower facility's greenhouse gasemissions (排放).“There are so many contributors to greenhouse gas emissions from hydropower — but essentially, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions arise from the reservoir (水库) itself, as vegetation and soils are submerged underwater in the dam thatis used for the hydropower generation.” said lissa Ocko, a senior climate scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and co-author of the study. As the submerged vegetation breaks down, it releases greenhouse gases such as CO2.“The larger the surface area of the reservoir, the more greenhouse gases are going to be given out from that reservoir. Also, the temperature plays a role as well how warm the reservoir is will affect how much greenhouse gases are produced and given out from the reservoir.” added Ocko.Through their analysis, Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg, also with the Environmental Defense Fund, discovered that the climate impacts of hydropower cover a complete range. The good news is that some facilities perform just as well as wind and solar. But shockingly, more than 100 facilities are actually worse for the climate than fossil fuels. The study is in the journalEnvironmentalScience and Technology.This finding doesn't mean we should forget about hydropower. “But we just need to be careful to make sure that we have climate benefits. There are a lot of situations where hydropower can be equal to wind and solar. So it really depends on the specific facility." said Ocko.4. How do scientists prove hydropower facilities' effect on the climate?A. By making comparisons.B. By conducting experiments.C. By referring to previous studies.D. By analyzing causes and effects.5. What are the main sources of greenhouse gases from hydropower?A. Vegetation and soils.B. Heat and sunlight.C. Pollutants in the reservoir.D. Components of the generators.6. What have Ocko and her co-author Steven Hamburg found?A The surface area of a reservoir decides the climate.B. Hydropower often influences the climate in all aspects.C. Some facilities perform much better than wind and solar.D. Fossil fuels are worse for the climate than over 100 facilities.7. What is the text mainly about?A. Scientists urge an end to hydropower.B. Hydropower is not necessarily green.C. Hydropower is worse than fossil fuels.D. Renewable energy is a complicated issue.CIt’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Scott Kelly said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.Scott spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids(积水) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Scott said.He discussed life aboard including spending time with Russian astronauts. They came from different cultures. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.Though life there was not easy, Scott never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed experiences growing up, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.“Never give up or lower your dreams. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance ofsucceeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you’ll find it really rewarding,” Scott said in the end.8. Scott mentioned his experience in the ISS mainly to show ________.A. he enjoyed making speechesB. he was a responsible astronautC. his life in space was challengingD. the daily life of an astronaut can be boring9. What may benefit Scott most when he lived with Russian astronauts?A. He won some awards through teamwork.B. He found the fun of living in the Space Station.C. He learned to develop close relationships with others.D. He picked up some knowledge of Russian culture.10. Which of the following can best describe Scott?A. Kind and thoughtful.B. Curious and humorous.C. Easygoing and sociable.D. Hardworking and determined.11. What does the author intend to tell us from Scott’s story?A. It’s importantto have a dreamB. Easy things are also worth doingC. A suitable career leads one to success.D. Difficult things are demanding but rewardingDBy mid-century there will likely be 9 billion people on the planet, using ever more resources and leading ever more technologically complex lives. What will our cities be like? How much will artificialintelligence (AI) advance? Will global warming cause disastrous changes, or will we be able to engineer our way out of the climate change issues? Recently, the magazineBig Thinkasked top minds from a variety of fields to weigh in on what the future holds 40 years from now. The result is as follows.It's likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas and will have a much higher average age than people today. Cities theorist Richard thinks urbanization will transform the education system of, making our economy less houses driven and removing the divisions between home and work.And rapidly advancing technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won't look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but it's likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live. Self-driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster transports. A larger version of driverless cars-driverless trucks — may make long-distance drivers out of date.Some long view predictions are completelydire. Environmentalist Bill says that if we don't make greatprogress in fighting global warming, it's likely we could see out-of- control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls and wars over limited freshwater resources.In terms of how we will eat, green markets founder and “real food" supporter Nina believes that there will be more small milk processing plants and more regional food operations and we'll be healthier as a result.New York Timeswriter Mark thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods and eat foods grown closer to where they live. And more people will be aware of the ethical responsibility" to grow foods.12. What may happen by 2050 based on the magazineBig Think ?A. Education will be driven by economy.B. The majority of people will be taller.C. AI will cause disastrous changes.D. Most people will live in big cities.13. What do we know about technology in the future according to Paragraph 3?A. It will make people live in science-fiction fantasy.B. It will ensure safer transports due to faster cars.C. It will greatly change the way in which people live.D. It will increase the number of long-distance drivers.14. What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Magical.B. Terrible.C. Ridiculous.D. Meaningful.15. What does Nina think of foods in the future?A. People will eat healthier and fresher foods.B. Land-raised farm systems will be improved.C. There will be smaller regional food operations,D. Food supplies will become much more limited.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市格致高级中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOn the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), red tourism has gained popularity among tourists who flood in to visit historic sites with a modern revolutionary heritage.JinggangshanThis is one of the most crucial and splendid chapters of history of establishing Red China as well as a unique and wonderful ecosystem, which is covered with rich forest, rugged peaks and several memorials to the Red Army. The best time to visit is between April and October, with the most temperature timing April and May when the large azaleas (杜鹃花) bloom.Open: 8:00-17:00 (Feb. 16-Nov. 15). 8:00-16:30 (Nov. 16-Feb. 15)XibaipoIt is an old revolutionary base where the leadership of the Communist Party of China was stationed, drawing up the blueprint for a new country. A memorial hall was built to honor the memory of this site. The lake and the hill here add brilliance and beauty to each other and form pleasant scenery.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 9:30-17:00 (Xibaipo Memorial Hall)The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial HallA new exhibition is held with updated display approaches, including phantom imaging (全息影像) and oil painting, which are used to improve visitors' experiences. The exhibition shows four stages of the CPC from its establishment to its achievements.Open: Tuesdays to Sundays 8:30-18:00 (closed on Mondays)Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew YouthNew Youthstarted the New Culture Movement and spread the influence of the May Fourth Movement. The site was briefly based in Beijing but moved back to Shanghai in 1920 and also served as the office for the Communist Party of China Central Committee in the 1920s.Open: Thursdays to Tuesdays 9:00 - 11:30, 13:30 - 16:30 (closed on Wednesdays)1. Where would visitors learn more about the history of the Red Army?A. Jinggangshan.B. Xibaipo.C. The Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall.D. Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth.2. What do we know about the Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall?A. It focuses on Chinese achievements in art.B. It mainly advertises the coming anniversary.C. It applies modernized methods to the exhibition.D. It briefly introduces the rise and fall of Nanhu.3. When can tourists visit Former Site of the Editorial Department ofNew Youth?A. At 1:00 p.m. on Mondays.B. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesdays.C. At 2:00 p.m. on Fridays.D. At 5:00 p.m on Sundays.BWhy isn’t science better? Look at career incentive(激励).There are oftensubstantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods.All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not toreplicate(复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them -but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort.But there are also waysin which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries.It’s not like we don't know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls ondeaf ears.Why? Why aren't scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think.In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”. In turn, the test serves largely as of how well theschool can prepare students for the test.We can see this principle—often summarized as “when a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure”—playing out in the realm of research. Science is a competitive enterprise. There are far more credentialed (授以证书的) scholars and researchers than there are university professorships or comparably prestigious research positions. Once someone acquires a research position, there is additional competition for tenure grant funding, and support and placement for graduate students. Due to this competition for resources, scientists must be evaluated and compared. How do you tell if someone is a good scientist?An oft-used metric is the number of publications one has in peer-reviewed journals, as well as the status of those journals. Metrics like these make it straightforward to compare researchers whose work may otherwise be quite different. Unfortunately, this also makes these numbers susceptible to exploitation.If scientists are motivated to publish often and in high-impact journals, we might expect them to actively try to game the system. And certainly, some do—as seen in recent high-profile cases of scientific fraud(欺诈). If malicious fraud is the prime concern, then perhaps the solution is simply heightened alertness.However, most scientists are, I believe, genuinely interested in learning about the world, and honest. The problem with incentives is that they can shape cultural norms without any intention on the part of individuals.4. Which of the following is TRUE about the general trend in scientific field?A. Scientists are persistently devoted to exploration of reality.B. The research findings fail to achieve the expected effect.C. Hypotheses are modified to highlight the experiments' results.D. The amount of science that does replicate is comforting.5. What doesdeaf earsin the fourth paragraph probably refer to?A. The public.B. The incentive initiators.C. The peer researchers.D. The high-impact journal editors.6. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?A. Good scientists excel in seeking resources and securing research positions.B. Competition for resources inspires researchers to work in a more skeptical way.C. All the credentialed scholars and researchers will not take up university professorships.D. The number of publication reveals how scientists are bitterly exploited.7. According to the author, what might be a remedy for the fundamental problem in scientific research?A. High-impact journals are encouraged to reform the incentives for publication.B. The peer-review process is supposed to scale up inspection of scientific fraud.C. Researchers are motivated to get actively involved in gaming the current system.D. Career incentives for scientists are expected to consider their personal intention.COn World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8, the US National Geographic Society announced it would recognize the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, bringing the global total to five.Unlike the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and PacificOceans—which are defined by the continents that bound them—the Southern Ocean is instead characterized by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current（南极洋流）. According to the National Geographic, the Southern Ocean includes most of the waters surrounding Antarcticaout to 60 degrees south latitude（纬度）."Encircled by the powerfully swift ACC, it is the only ocean to touch three others and to completely embrace a continent rather than being embraced by them," Sylvia Earle, a marine biologist and oceanographer, told the Daily Mail.Those familiar with the Southern Ocean know it's unlike any other. "Anyone who has been there will struggle to explain what's so charming about it, but they'll all agree that the glaciers are bluer, the air colder, the mountains more awful and the landscapes morecaptivatingthan anywhere else you can go," Seth Sykora-Bodie, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told National Geographic.National Geographic hopes their revised maps will bring public awareness to the region, thereby encouraging Southern Ocean conservation—but its significance is beyond that."We think it's really important from an educational standpoint, as well as from a map-labeling standpoint, to bring attention to the Southern Ocean as a fifth ocean," Alex Tait, National Geographic Society geographer, told The Post. "So when students learn about parts of the ocean world, they learn it's an interconnected ocean, and they learn there are these regions called oceans that are really important, and there's a distinct one in the icy waters around Antarctica."8. Why is the Southern Ocean different from other oceans?A. It has never been explored before.B. It surrounds the Antarctic all around.C. It is enclosed by the fast-flowing ACC.D. It has ecologically distinct environment.9. What does the underlined word "captivating" in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Strange.B. Unusual.C. Attractive.D. Informal.10. What does the National Geographic think of the Southern Ocean?A. It will be instructive for students.B. It will promote tourism development.C. It will encourage public to treasure water.D. It will draw scientists to study in the Antarctic.11. What is the best title for the text?A. World Oceans DayB. Revised Antarctic MapsC. Adding a New OceanD. New Discovery under the SeaDYu Chenrui, 29, is a maker of automata (机关人偶) in Chengdu, Sichuan province. Automata are built to look like humans or animals and give the illusion (错觉) of being able to move ontheir own, “The art form amazes me, because it combines various skills, from storytelling to mechanics, and the pieces are built with a sense of humor,” Yu says. His creations have caught the attention of well-known artists and his fancy pieces of art have attracted collectors worldwide.Interested in handcrafts as a boy, Yu first encountered automata designed by Japanese artist Kazuaki at an exhibition in 2015 when he studied at the Communication University of China in Beijing. “It was like meeting a like-minded friend, ” Yu says, recalling the moment. As an art and design major, he began to learn the craft by himself and, with the support of his tutor, he kept studying and examining automata in school.When he graduated in 2016, Yu landed a job at an advertising agency in Beijing. He stayed on at the company for three years because, at that time, he was not sure that he could make a living out of his hobby. While working as a designer Yu kept exploring and advancing his skills in wood carving and mechanics. Eventually, despite the job’s good salary, it was not enough to make up for not following his true passion. Finally, in 2018, Yu quit his job and returned to Chengdu to open his automata workshop.To keep himself occupied while running his workshop, he planted blueberries, raspberries and cherries. He watered, weeded and added fertilizer (肥料) every day. “Daily routines helped me calm down and inspire my creativity, which resulted in an automaton called To Observe the Autumn,” Yu says.Over time, Yu’s reputation grew and his business flourished (兴旺). Many of Yu’s creations are built with a dash of wisdom, a sprinkle of humor and are inspired by observations of real life. Yu knows that there are manymore creative ideas waiting to be expressed. “It feels quite good to be fully devoted to automata creation and I am still searching for myself.”12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Yu is equipped with various skills.B. Yu is a person full of sense of humor.C Yu is now gaining recognition worldwide.D. Yu is following the latest trend in handcraft.13. Why did Yu quit his job in Beijing?A. He couldn't make a living out of it.B. He wanted to pursue his own dream.C. He missed his family in Chengdu.D. He thought he had a lot experience.14. According to Yu, what contributes to his creativity as an automata artist?A. The fruits he grows.B. Success of his business.C. His devotion to the job.D. Observation from daily life.15. Which of the following can best describe Yu’s story?A. There is no end to learning.B. Great hopes make great man.C. Actions speak louder than words.D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年高三上英语期中模拟试卷含答案本试卷共三部分，共7页，满分135分（120×1.125）。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写答题卡上的班级、姓名和试室号、学号，用2B铅笔将学号对应的数字涂黑。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AThe U has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, sometimes it can be confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the college calendar. Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking (令人头痛的). Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.Here is some top advice from past students on how to survive Freshers’ Week●Learn rules. Make sure you know British social etiquette (礼节). Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.●Be kind. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.●Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people than those who never leave their room.●Bring a doorstop. eep your door open when you’re in and that sends positive messages to your neighbors that you’re friendly.So with a bit of clever planning and effort, Freshers’ Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your experience to next year’s new recruits．1. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. October is generally the busiest month for universities.B. It’s a good idea to have a doorstop.C. A bit of planning can make Freshers’ Week easier.D. The first week of your every year at university is called Freshers’ Week.2. We can infer from the 4th paragraph that .A. the newcomers usually miss the days living at homeB. most of the students in the U spend three years in universitiesC. many freshers are worried about how to fit university lifeD. all the new students will make new friends and join certain clubs3. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. tell the newcomers how to make a new start in universitiesB. introduce something about higher education system of the UC. discuss something about the Freshers’ Week in the UD. advise the freshmen how to behave well in the beginningBieron Wil liamson The Art World’s Youngest StarMany parents display their children’s artwork on the refrigerator, but ieron Williamson’s paintings have been on display in professional galleries since he was 6 years old.ieron’s artwork, though, extends far beyond c hild-like stick figures or finger painting. In fact, the child from Norfolk, England, has been called “the boy who paints like an old master.”According to his parents, ieron was a typical toddler who like finding bugs and playing in the mud. But on a 2008 family vacation to the beach, the 5-year-old was inspired by the boats and scenery and asked his parents for a sketch pad. His initial drawings could have been done by any young child, but after the family returned home, ieron continued drawingand began to display a gift for art.When he started asking about the process of putting a painting together, his parents realized he needed professional instruction. Soon after, he began taking lessons, and his progress amazed everyone as the young boy produced impressive landscapes and watercolors.In 2009, when the 6-year-old had a chance to exhibit his work in a gallery, he sold 19 paintings for 14,000 pounds, becoming famous overnight. From then on, he was surrounded by buyers from France, Japan, Greece and other countries. The young artist held another exhibit three months after the first one and sold 16 paintings for over 17,000 pounds, followed by a third sale, earning 150,000 pounds. For the fourth exhibit, ieron took the day off from school but ended up returning to school early. His entire collection had sold out in 10 minutes to collectors from around the world. Now he has a waiting list of more than 5,000 people who have ordered his paintings.He has appeared in interviews before millions, and he has been compared to Pablo Picasso. Yet ieron doesn’t seem to be fazed by all the attention, still making time for football and maintaining excellent grades at school.He does have one goal he gets excited about “ I’d like the Queen to have a collection of my work.” With his popularity climbing, this young artist may realize his wish one day.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. ieron’s paintings are just as childish as other children’s.B. ieron’s initial drawings suggest ed that he would be an art master.C. ieron benefited greatly from professional instruction.D. Before displaying a gift for art, ieron received professional training.5. Why did ieron go back to school early on the day of his fourth exhibit?A. Because his mind was focused on study.B. Because the exhibit was put off.C. Because he wanted to gain praise from teachers.D. Because his paintings were sold out earlier than expected.6. What does the word “fazed ”probably mean in Paragraph 6?A. frustratedB. affectedC. encouragedD. defeated7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. ieron respects and admires the Queen very much.B. ieron likes to earn money from the Queen.C. ieron is bound to realize his dream.D. ieron’s goal is unlikely to come true.CDoes Fame Drive Y ou Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream comes true, today’s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villareal, celebrities -- famous people -- worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.8. It can be learned from the passage that stars today__________.A. can no longer have their privacy protectedB. are often misunderstood by the publicC. spend too much on their public appearanceD. care little about how they come into fame9. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.10. What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A. Availability of modern media.B. Inadequate social recognitionC. Lack of favorable chances.D. Huge population of fans.11. What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?A. Sincere.B. Skeptical.C. Disapproving.D. Sympathetic.DResearchers at the University of ansas say that people can accurately judge 90 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes. "Shoes convey a thin but useful slice of information about their wearers," the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. "Shoes serve a practical purpose, and also serve as nonverbal clues with symbolic messages. People tend to pay attention to the shoes they and others wear."Medical Daily notes that the number of detailed personality traits (特质) detected in the study include a person's general age, income, political tendency, and other personality traits, including someone's emotional stability. Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style, cost, color and condition of someone's shoes. In the study, 63 University of ansas students looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants. Participants in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes, and then filled out a personality questionnaire.So, what do your shoes say about your personality? Some of the results were expected People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes, and flashier footwear was typically worn by outgoing people. However, some of the more specific results are interesting. For example, “practical and functional” shoes were generally worn by more “friendly”people, while ankle boots were more closely connected with “aggressive” personalities. The strangest of all may be that those who wore “uncomfortable looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities.And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take exceptional care of them, you may suffer from “attachment anxiety,” spending too much time worrying about what other s think of your appearance. There was even a political calculation in the mix with wearing “shabbier and less expensive” shoes.The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personality traits, but researchers pointed out that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were revealing deep insights into their personalities.12. By looking at a person’s shoes, it’s possible for people to___________.A. know the wearer thoroughlyB. esti mate the wearer’s characterC. have exact cl ues about the wearer’s social statusD. judge the wearer’s educational background13. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?A. In the study, people’s personality traits were detected.B. In the study, participants wore 208 different shoes.C. In the study, 63 students were asked to fill out questionnaire about personality.D. In the study, judgments were made according to various characteristics of people’s shoes.14. Taking exceptional care of new shoes shows that ____________.A. the owners care much about others’ opinions on their appearanceB. the owners are in a relaxed stateC. the owners are particular about their appearanceD. the owners have too many shoes to choose from15. What is the best title of the passage?A. How To Choose Suitable ShoesB. How To Judge People’s Personality TraitsC. People Are What They WearD. Shoes Reflect People’s Personalities第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海市格致中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AUnique LighthousesAugust 7 is National Lighthouse Day. It's a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers, who not only guided ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe. Check out these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them.Cape Byron Lighthouse, Byron Bay, AustraliaThe Cape Byron Lighthouse in Byron Bay, Australia was built in the early 20th century to help protect the Australian coastline. Today, it's a beautiful location to watch the sunrise. Within walking distance is the Watermark, a perfect place to stay and get some much-needed rest and relaxation from daily life.Lighthouse of Chania, Crete, GreeceThe Lighthouse of Chania, Crete is one of the oldest surviving lighthouses in the world, dating back to the sixteenth century. Travelers can take a walk along its long pier (码头) during the sunset. Located near the pier to the lighthouse is a hotel from 1890, which offers beautiful views of the bay.Key West Lighthouse, Key West, Florida, USAThe Key West Lighthouse was built in 1825 to help guide ships entering the port. Travelers can enjoy climbing up the lighthouse to reach the wonderful sea views and can stay at the KimptonLighthouse Hotel, with easy access to the lighthouse and the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum.Pigeon Point Lighthouse, Pescadero, California, USAThe Pigeon Point Lighthouse in Pescadero, California was built in1871 to help ships navigate (导航) the region's dangerous coastline. Today, the lighthouse is a state landmark, and the quarters where the lighthouse keepers lived have been turned into a hostel, making it a great home base to explore the outdoors, spot whales and watch the stars.1. Why is National Lighthouse Day celebrated?A. To show the hard life of lighthouse keepers.B. To instruct how to guide ships into harbor.C. To honor lighthouses and their keepers.D. To stress the importance of light.2. Of the following lighthouses, which is the oldest?A. Cape Byron Lighthouse.B. Lighthouse of Chania.C. Key West Lighthouse.D. Pigeon Point Lighthouse.3. What do the listed lighthouses have in common?A. They are all located in the USA.B. They have becometourist attractions.C. They offer accommodation to visitors.D. They are good spots to watch the sunrise.BMove over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”4. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D. It provides more than enough services for children.5. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A. Its cost.B. Its benefits.C. Its popularity.D. Its ending.6. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.7. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.CMost people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world’s population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person’s two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person’s hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists asamong people in other jobs.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn’t happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene(基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don’t have to.8. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found _______.A. the art began from 1,500B.C.B. the works of art ended in the 1950sC. most people shown in the works of art are right-handedD. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed9. What is the left hand for most people used to do?A. It’s used to find or hold things.B. It’s used to work with things.C. It’s used to make a person’s eyes work together.D. It’s the centre for thinking and doing problems.10. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.11. The best title for this passage is _______.A. Scientists’ New InventionsB. Left-handed PeopleC. Which HandD. Different Brains, Different HandsDThere is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” andthis is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include responsibilities and unconditional love, whichprecludemothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining(保持) and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may ormay not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse; the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.12. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. differ.B. benefit.C. prevent.D. change.13. What can we learn from what Marina said?A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.D. Her mother is definitely not her best friend.14. Why can a mother and a daughter build a even closer relationship today?A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.B. Because they work together to support the whole family.C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.D. Because they have common experience in life and work.15. What is the text mainly about?A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

格致中学 二〇一六学年度第二学期模拟考试高三年级 英语试卷（共 10 页）(测试120分钟内完成，总分140分，试后交答题卡和答卷纸)第I 卷I. Listening Comprehension Section A Short conversationDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. $30 B. $10. C. $27. D. $202. A. Two passengers on the bus. B. Policeman and driver. C. Hotel receptionist and traveler. D. Passenger and taxi driver.3. A. He has graduated for years. B. He failed in the graduation exam. C. He is worried about the result of the exam. D. He is not well-prepared for the exam.4. A. From a jewelry store B. From a call box. C. From a supermarket.D. From a change machine. 5. A. Tony made a wise decision.B. Tony shouldn’t give up easily.C. Tony can change the class timeD. Tony can find a better reason班级____________姓名________________学号____________准考证号______________6. A. At an airport. . B. At a police station.C. At a hotel.D. At a bank.7. A. Sunny. B. Windy.C. Foggy.D. Rainy.8. A. It has failed. B. It will soon be finished.C. It is on going.D. It was stopped halfway.9. A. Tom’s boss has a twin brother.B. Tom didn’t know where his boss was.C. The person in black shirt is Tom’s boss.D. The person in black looks like Tom’s boss.10. A. Some unregistered students are in the class.B. The professor prepared less than 38 copies.C. The students at the back were late for class.D. A few students forgot to bring their assignment.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70000 tons. B. 2,000,000 tons.C. 2,030 tons.D. Not mentioned.12. A. Most farmers were infected with diseases.B. Cocoa farmers lack professional trainingC. The global consumption is increasing every year.D. Cocoa trees are-growing more slowly because of the weather .13. A. The world will probably be running out of chocolateB. Cocoa farmers are looking for other jobs.C. Eating too much chocolate is not good for health.D. Asian people are eating more and more chocolate.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14 A. To tell the purpose of learning history.B. To explain the history of educationC. To criticize students' history study habitsD. To present a new approach to history education.15. A: By asking questions about the future.B. By studying in the traditional method.C. By looking for answers to present-day problems.D. By memorizing historic facts.16. A. Predict the future.B. Memorize details.C. Raise critical questions.D. Demonstrate the link between past and future.Questions 17 through 18 are based on the following conversation.17. A Films with much fighting and killing.B. Films about the life of wild animals.C. Films which are close to real life.D. Films with a happy ending18. At7:30p. m. B. At 7:40 p. m. C. At 3:30 p. m. D. At 6:15 p.m.Questions 19 through 20 are based on the following conversation.19. A. Find her suitable equipment and teach her techniques.B. Design tough and challenging workout plan.C. Assign her exercises to do at home.D. Have her thoroughly examined.20. A. Train herself all day long. B. Try another fitness center.C. Have a try for one month.D. Change her fitness goalII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The twenty-four horses dash around a racetrack. The thunder of their hooves (蹄) rings in the riders’ ears, nearly 21 (drown) out the cheering of the crowd. After three or four minutes of suspense, one horse crosses the finish line first, winning the Melbourne Cup and earning a place in history.The horses that compete in the Melbourne Cup—one of the world’s most famous horseraces—were fated to race. 22 (breed) for speed, these horses are the few 23 were singled out as having potential to become champions.Preparing a racehorse to compete requires a team. A horse’s owner manages the team and decides which races to enter. A trainer determines the racehorse’s diet and exercise. Regular exercis e makes a horse 24 ( likely) to be injured, but overtraining tires the horse. A groomer (动物美容师) cares for the racehorse and reports any problems he discovers to the trainer. And of course, no horserace could 25 (run) without a rider. These riders train for long hours and travel constantly from one race to another. They need to make a strategy, adapt 26 to changing conditions and communicate with their horse to guide it to victory.Australia’s most famous h orserace, the Melbourne Cup, is 3,200 meters of pure excitement. Each year 300 or 400 horses are nominated (提名), but only 24 can run. The competitors are chosen in terms of a number of factors, but winners of certain races qualify automatically.Each racehorse receives a handicap—a certain weight it must carry to give each horse an equalchance of winning —two months before the race. Originally, horses that seemed likely to win were assigned larger handicaps. But the rules have changed, reducing the handicap for previous winners.The first Melbourne Cup in 1861 drew a crowd of 4,000 spectators and the race’s popularity 27 (grow) ever since. Held on the first Tuesday of November, the cup has become a four-day festival with fine food and entertainment.The Melbourne Cup began during a gold rush 28 a form of entertainment for the rich. Today it still attracts society’s upper class with the implication 29 whoever comes is a man of distinction. They come dressed in their finest to enjoy the event in comfort.30 noble and distinct the horserace looks, it’s all about the race—the effort of horses and riders, the suspense and the thrill of victory.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For more than three centuries, the American colonies and later, the United States have been a place for many “have-nots” to make the “American Dream” come true for themselves and to become “haves.” And the optimism that people have, knowing that this mirac le will always happen has grown out of some key elements in the history of the nation, a nation that has differed 31 from every other country in the world. The economic 32 of the nation are also very much tied to these success stories. Three characteristics have contributed to such attainments.First, the United States had natural resources undreamed of in other parts of the world. For farmers and ranchers there was land, often to be had cheaply or even for free. There were endless forests to supply lumber and rich 33 of coal, oil, silver, copper and gold. Besides, critical to the development of these resources was a population of both native-born Americans and immigrants who were connected by their common work ethic. This ethic held that 34 and thrift should be rewarded with ---- as Benjamin Franklin says ---- “a State of Affluence (富足) and some Degree of Reputation in the World.” These Americans believed in self improvement as well as in the nobility of all kinds of work. They also, if somewhat 35 , often linked material success with spiritual movement. Next, by and large, America was characterized by a 36 class structure. In contrast to England and other European countries with their history of aristocrats (贵族), this country was filled by numerous communities in which family connections or 37 money counted for little.However, the pursuit of American Dream sometimes also sometimes proved to be a source of tension and strain. At the beginning of the 20th century, writers like Jack London and F. Scott Fitzgerald depicted a lot of “have-not” characters whose fate is not a matter of free will. They are 38 by forces beyond their control. Often, in their works, children or young people are victimized by poverty that prevents them from 39 themselves. Convinced that a person’s destiny is the result of his or her heredity interacting with the environment, they employ many 40 details to explore the oppressive world in which their characters are trapped. Analyzing characters’ assumptions and values continued to illuminate the American experience.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Organized volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to __41__ to judge the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduate’s resume, but now the university of Bristol has set up an award to formalize the achievements of students who __42__ time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside __43__ qualifications.“Our students are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didn’t __44__ appreciate the value of what they did outside the lecture hall,” says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. “Employers are much more __45__ than they used to be. They used to look for __46__ employees and saw it as part of their job to extract the value of an applicant’s skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are __47__ to the job.”Students who __48__ the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or voluntary work, attend four workshops on employ-ability skills, take part in an intensive skills-related activity and, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. __49__ efforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who __50__ best on the sports field can take the Sporting PLuS Award which fosters employer-friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be __51__ organized. “We’re not just interested in easily identifiable skills,” says Goodman. “__52__, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so __53__ negotiation skills. We try to make the experience relevant to individual lives.”Goodman hopes the scheme will __54__ active students to fill in any gaps in their experienceand encourage their less-active peers to __55__ activities outside their academic area of work.41. A. advisors B. specialists C. critics D. employers42. A. spend B. devote C. consume D. stimulate43. A. artistic B. technical C. academic D. interactive44. A. dominantly B. earnestly C. necessarily D. gracefully45. A. generous B. considerate C. enlightening D. demanding46. A. origin B. initial C. popularity D. potential47. A. relevant B. responsive C. reluctant D. respective48. A. apply for B. make up C. sign up for D. look over49. A. Occasional B. Exceptional C. Informative D. Relative50. A. perform B. convey C. circulate D. formulate51. A. roughly B. randomly C. formally D. fortunately52. A. For instance B. In essence C. In contrast D. Of course53. A. demonstrated B. determined C. operated D. involved54. A. make B. enforce C. enable D. promote55. A. act in B. make out C. turn up D. take upSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf you're a male and you're reading this, congratulations: you're a survivor. According to statistics, you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this—typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke— but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor."Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should," says Dr. Gullotta. "This is particularly so for the over-40s, when disease tend to strike."Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45, it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year."When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer," he says. "Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged his life."According to a recent survey, 95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group."A lot of men think they're undefeatable," Gullota says. "They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’ "Then there's the ostrich approach. "Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know," says Dr. Ross Cartmill."Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies," Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. "But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death."56. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage？A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.57. Which of the following best completes the underlined sentence "Geez, if it could happen to him, …"？A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune58. What d oes Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”？(Line 1, Para.9))A. A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.B. A new therapy for certain psychological problems.C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D. Unwillin gness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.59. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men？A. They may increase public expenses.B. They will save money in the long run.C. They may cause psychological strains on men.D. They will enable men to live as long as women.BRead the reviews posted on a Web site and answer the following questions.?60. What are the reviews aboutA. A new star.B. A newspaper.C. A new song.D. A new album.61. ________ give a “like” in this posts.A. Sammy and TonyB. Angela and SeanC. Sammy and DoraD. Tony and Sean62. What can be learned from Ben’s postA. He doesn’t like George’s new stuff.B. He didn’t expect George to change.C. George has kept to his old style.D. George has disappointed some of his fans.CEducators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts (辍学生) among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of PhDs. Some have placed the dropout loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropout rate was found to be 31 percent and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the PhD requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates (博士学位).Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated “because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of PhD programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Thedecrease in the number of graduate students at the PhD level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to compl ete the PhD.”“The results of our research,” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support their opinion”Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their PhD program, lack of finances was marked by 19percent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $20,000 and more annually while none of the PhDs with the background reached this figure. The PhDs shone in the $7,500 to $15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where PhDs tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging（落后）behind other fields.As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was disappointing. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present jobs.63. The author states in the article that many educators feel that _______________.A. the PhD holder is generally a more capable person than a dropoutB. the high PhD dropout rate is largely due to the lack of teaching facultyC. a country will suffer from its PhD dropout rate as high as 50 percentD. the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study64. Meeting foreign language requirements for the doctoral students _______________.A. is the most frequent reason for dropping outB. is much easier for the humanities candidatesC. is an essential part of many PhD programsD. does not vary in difficulty among universities65. It can be inferred that the high rate of the PhD dropouts largely lies in ____________.A. too low salaries for PhDsB. lack of financial supportC. too high academic requirementsD. adequate job appeals for dropouts66. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passageA. About one-third PhD candidates do not complete the work to earn the degree.B. Some PhD dropouts enjoy satisfying good salaries and career progression.C. PhDs are not earning what they actually deserve in nonacademic fields.D. Optimism dominates regarding getting PhD dropouts to return to school.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.House SittingIn many countries of the world people do what is called house sitting. It means that if owners of the house are going away, they want someone to come into their home and look after the house and maybe pets while they are away.In Australia, many people travel. After people retire, they might buy a van and travel all over the country. ____67____So if the owners want to travel or go away for some reason, they might want someone in their home to care for it and keep the gardens tidy. House sitters might have to care for pets. Also, quite a few people have swimming pools in their back yard and they need cleaning. ____68____ I feel it is a great way of seeing the country, because you go and stay in a new city, get to meet new people, andhave time to go sightseeing in a new area.Generally you have many opportunities to get a house sitting job. There are websites where you find the advertisements by people who want to travel, and by replying to the advertisement, you can make arrangements to go and look after their home.There are some requirements to be a house sitter. You must be a trusted person, so that the home owner knows you will not steal anything. You must be able to go when the house owner wants you to go, so you need lots of free time. ____69____ You need to be good with pets, able to care for cats and dogs, or other pets they may have.Some house sitting jobs are just for a few days or a couple of weeks while the house owners have a short holiday. Sometimes it is for much longer. We have had one house sitter for six months, while the home owners travelled to Europe.____70____ Then you can travel to many different countries and stay there. One of the most important things to get is reference from the home owners where you have stayed. A reference is a written letter to say that you are trustworthy and have looked after their home well. You can show these letters to prospective house sitting jobs and they know you will do a good job.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Encouragement and praise can come in many forms，and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago and Stanford University who studied mother-child interactions over the course of several years found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.Specifically, praise coming with feedback about their behavior and the choices that toddlers made helped them to cope better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself, like “You’re a good boy.”Elizabeth Gunderson, an assistant professor of psychology at Temple University says, “Praising the efforts and actions of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and desire to be challenged and work hard in the future.”Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard”, which emphasize the child’s actions. “Person praise” includes comments like “You’re smart”, which focus on a child’s inherent qualities. These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology, but exactly how they affect children’s development hasn’t been clear.As part of the study, researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old, and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sess ions. Five years later, the researchers followed up with the families, measuring the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge, and were able to identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. They were also more likely to say they could improve intelligence with hard work. While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily altered.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他去年写的小说卖得很好，使得他一夜成名。

2018年上海市格致中学高三英语联考试卷含解析一、选择题1. — How do you find the town you visited yesterday?— The town has changed out of all ______ in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me.A. realizationB. descriptionC.expression D. recognition参考答案：D略17. When did it rain last time in Juárez?A. Three days agoB. A month agoC. A year ago.18. What season is it now in Juárez?A. SpringB. SummerC. Autumn.19. What are the elderly advised to do?A. Take a walk in the afternoon.B. Keep their homes cool.C. Drink plenty of water.20. What is the speaker doing?A. Hosting a radio program.B. Conducting a seminar.C. Forecasting the weather.参考答案：CACA3. —Did you see who the driver was?—No, so quickly _____ that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.A. does the car speed byB. did the car speed byC. the car sped byD. the car speeds by参考答案：B略4. Although the economy is bad, there is no excuse for the restaurant ________ substandard material.A. to useB. being usedC. usingD. to be used参考答案：C5. They carried out an assessment of the project this morning and the results will be assessed______.A. on timeB. after timeC. before timeD. over time参考答案：A略6. Inspired by the seniors in college and his own responsbilities，Dick is determined to work harder．A to recognizeB recognizing c recognized D being recognized参考答案：B7. The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost compulsory that you ______ be optimistic.A. mustB. willC. needD. should参考答案：D8. ---- Shall we go to the lecture about the risk of brain cancer from mobile phone use?---- ______? It is closely related to our health.A. What ifB. Why notC. What forD. How come参考答案：B略9. Bread and butter _______for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays.A. serveB. servesC. is servedD. are served参考答案：C10. The Lakers were ahead during the first half of the match, but they _____ in the last five minutes.A. beatB. were beatingC. were beatenD. are beaten参考答案：C11. —I'm afraid that I don't want to take part in the competition. The opponents are very strong.— ______ ，Tom. You can beat them.A. Go for itB. Make itC. Get itD. Let it be参考答案：A略12. ---Hey, man! Carrying so many bags!---Oh, it’s OK. I can manage myself. Thanks anyway.A. May I do you a favor?B. Do you need a hand?C. Can I take your order?D. Would you let me have a go?参考答案：B选B。

上海中学2017-2018学年高三英语期中考试试卷17. Roman Empire ________ for centuries.A.has existedB. existedC. had existedD. was existedrge quantities of petrol ________ used every year, causing a lot of pollution. What we need ________ green vehicles.A.is; areB. are; areC. is; isD. are; is19.Out ________, with the ________ money in his hand.A.did he rush; remainedB. he was rushing; remainingC. rushed he; remainedD. he rushed; remaining20.________ like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapore‟s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.A.LookedB. LookingC. To lookD. Being looked21.________is known to all is that the invention of telegram ________ the transmission of messages to any part of the world within a few seconds.A.What; made it possibleB. As; made it possibleC. It; made possibleD. What; made possible22.So involved in making false accounting ________ that I don‟t think this business partner is worthy ________.A.has he become; of being trustedB. he has become; to be trustedC. he becomes; to trustD. is he becoming; of trusting23.When we first arrived in ________ Detroit twenty years ago, the car production then was only one-tenth ________ it is now.A. what is now; whatB. where is now; asC. now is; thatD. which now is; than24.________ last week, she lived a quiet and happy life in that area.A.Not until the earth-moving machines cameB.The earth-moving machines cameC.Until the earth-moving machines cameD.Then came the earth-moving machines(A)Vegetarians are people who don‟t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don‟t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can make much sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum‟s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signe d and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class country under the sun”. Britons are surprisingly ____41____ to class - both their own and that of others. Almost everything else in England is about class and this aspect is frequently ____42____ of by other cultures.Mondeo-test is a good ____43____. Mention the Ford Mendeo to middle-class or upper-middle classes and they will sneeringly remark on it as something belonging to an insurance salesman. Some upper-middles may be too polite to laugh out loud, so you have to wash their faces carefully for the characteristics moue(撅嘴) of distaste that will be ____44____ by the word …Mondeo‟. In other words, lower-class is associated with this car. Mercedes Benz tells another story. Upper-middle class people in respectable professions, such as barristers, doctors, civil servants and senior army officers turn up their noses at the ____45____ world. In their mind, vulgar rich business people drive the …Merc‟. They might well drive a top-of-the range Audi, which costs about the same as a big Mercedes, but is regarded as more elegantly ____46____.The unwritten class rules involved in car care are even more ____47____ than those governing choice of car. The English will gauge your social rank by the appearance and condition of your car, which may be sending out even more powerful class ____48____ than the car mode. Dirty cars are connected with both the highest and lowest ends of the social ____49____, clean cars with the middle ranks. Do you wash and polish the car yourself ____50____ every weekend, in the driveway or the street outside your house? Then you are almost certainly lower-middle.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give ____51____ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber when they are ____52____ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate ____53____ as “generally good,” “correct,” and “moral” more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are ____54____ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become ____55____ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, ____56____ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a ____57____ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can ____58____ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business ____59____ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like ____60____, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, ____61____ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are ____62____ about others, not only themselves. ____63____, within economics courses, we should do a better job ____64____ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values - including helping others.Until then we may be dooming students and society to a fate foreshadowed by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Calling economists “rational fools,” Sen observ ed: “The purely economic man is indeed ____65____ to being a social moron(傻子).”51. A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52. A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53. A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54. A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55. A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56. A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57. A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58. A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59. A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60. A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61. A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in need of62. A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64. A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65. A. resistant B. familiar C. eager D. closeASir William Osler has a few words for you: “In the Life of a young man, the most essential thing for happiness is the gift of friendship.” Truer words were never spoken. For what more could you ask than comradeship during the peaks and valleys of life? To whom else but a close, valuable friend can you show off your successes and complain about your failures or losses?What is a “good friend”? How is he best described? Well, it has been my observation that although many will cry with you, few can sincerely rejoice (欣喜) with you. Therefore, in my opinion, a good friend is one who can enjoy your successes without envy; one who can say, “That was wonderful! You can do it again, even better if you want!” and mean it. Nothing taxes a friendship more than the success of one and not the other. Even the closest of friendships often cannot resist such pressure and fail. No wonder many minor friendships go down day by day for the same reason.A person of good character and sound moral, of honor and humor, of courage and belief is a friend to be sought and treasured —for there are few. Too often we hear, “If you can count your good friends on more than one hand, consider yourself blessed.”And even then I would add, “Even if you have lost two fingers of that hand to the electric saw.What makes a friendship last? Well, I don‟t know all the answers, but one of my observationsis that most good friends usually have similar tastes. They generally like and dislike many of the same things. There also usually seems to exist a similarity of personality types - especially in the fundamental values of life such as honesty, sincerity, loyalty, and dependability. More often than not, birds of a feather do fly together. I don‟t think it matters a lot whether one prefers jazz or hockey to another‟s Mozart or ballet. Much other matters far more: relying, sharing, giving, getting, enjoying; a sympathetic ear always there; criticism when it can help; praise - even if only because it would help. With not many people on this earth will you find this much in common. When you find one, hang on to him, for a good friend found is a rare treasure.66. The function of Paragraph 1 is to introduce ________.A. a famous sayingB. the topic for discussionC. a famous personD. two different attitudes67. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Paragraph two?A. People don‟t have to pay taxes to develop friendship with others.B. Success of one person can promote his friendship with others.C. Friendship can be affected by the difference in success between friends.D. Nothing can affect friendship because it has gone through the peaks and valleys of life.68. What is the main idea of Paragraph three ?A. One is lucky to have many friends.B. A friend should have a good character.C. We should count our friends on more than one hand.D. A true friend should be treasured because there are few.69. According to the passage, which of the following plays the LEAST important role in a long-lasting friendship?A. Hobbies.B. Tastes.C. Personality.D. Sympathy.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help otherscan gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother‟s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we‟re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn‟t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn‟t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.70. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is________.A. to see whether people‟s personality affects their life spanB. to find out if one‟s lifestyle has any effect on their healthC. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity71. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?A. They have a good understanding of evolution.B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.C. They generally appear more resourceful.D. They are more likely to get over hardship.72. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.73. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?A. Children‟s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C. Mothers‟ influence on children may last longer than fathers.D. Mothers‟ negative personality characteristics may affect their children‟s life spans.CSome of the world‟s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes fr om agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarelytalked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world‟s major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans. They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world‟s most populous countries, India and China. Their ability to feed t hemselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soya beans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferential ly focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.74. What does the author try to draw attention to?A. Food riots and hunger in the world.B. News headlines in the leading media.C. The decline of the grain yield growth.D. The food supply in populous countries.75. Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A. Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B. Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C. Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.D. Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.76. What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B. They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C. They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D. They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.77. What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A. The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B. The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D. The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.Secret codes(密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. `78` Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. `79` For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”`80` You mig ht represent each letter with a number, For example, Let‟s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. `81` For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.1.屡次发生的天灾人祸使许多无辜的人丧失生命。

格致中学2017-2018学年高三开学考II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.An accident in a bicycle race in the United States eight years ago alerted James Chang to the importance of sports medicine. One of his riding companions (21)______ (injure) severely in the accident.From then on, Chang, 45, a Chinese-American who was born in Anhui province, began to launch business relating to physical safety and medical assistance, particularly in sport. So (22)______ he took up marathon running two years ago hewas shocked to see frequent injuries, many of them avoidable.“I always heard people talking about people in marathons in China dying suddenly,” he says, adding that one reason why many of these deaths happen is (23) ______ there is a lot of ignorance in China about what marathon running involves.Many amateur runners in China who are highly competitive get carried away and run at a pace that is far in excess of (24) ______ they can expect their body to take,and even ignore clear signals such as pain, Chang says.As Chinese have placed more emphasis on leading healthy life-styles in recent years, marathon and other long-distance running (25) ______ (become) a highly popular sport across the country quickly.More than 50 China Athletic Association-sanctioned urban marathons were held（26）______ (involve) more than 750,000 runnersin the country last year, and 39 raceswere held the year before. However, long-distance running is a serious business that （27）______ exact a heavy physical toll on runners.“Marathon carries (28) ______(high) risks of injury than other forms of sport, Hou says, adding that the key to avoiding injury is to strengthen the body through regular exercise and to be aware of one’s own physical condition.Although some chronic injuries are hard (29)______(avoid), even for highly experienced runners, cramp, fainting and shock can easily be prevented (30)______ runners better understand the sport, he says.21. was injured 22.when 23.that 24. what 25. havebecome 26.involving 27. can 28.higher 29.to avoid30.ifSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. travelsB.interactionC.presidentialD.disagreementsE.releasedF. patrioticG.scheduledH. humanity I.demonstratingJ.encounteredK.involvingWith the publication of the new memoir （a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences），Hard Choices, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton has kicked off a book tour that could preview a ___31___run.The tour began in the friendliest possible setting: a book-signing event at a Barnes & noble in Manhattan’s Union Square. Around 1,000 people –some had slept on the sidewalk the night before—cheered as Clinton arrived about 20 minutes behind schedule and delivered brief remarks with a(n) ___32___ tone.r anybody who The nearly 700-page book, ___33___ on June 10, was “written fowants to think about, and learn about, what is happening in the world today—why American matters, and why the world matters to America，”said the former first ladyntryand New York senator. “And we have a lot of hard choices ahead of us in our couto make it as brave and as strong as it should be. And we have a lot of hard choices to continue to lead the world and solve problems that affect us and the rest of ___34__ In the book, Clinton frames the foreign policy situations ___35__ during hertenure（the period of time when someone has an important job）as a series of hard choices, especially those ___36__the middle east, Afghanistan , Pakistan and Russia,while recounting some ___37__ within the Obama administration. She also delvesinto some personal aspects of her life, including her daughter Chelsea Clinton’s wedding, and offers glimpse of personal interactions with citizens of other countriesduring her ___38__as secretary.The book tour was ___39__ to take Clinton to Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington, Toronto and Austin. Her fast pace and intense media attention resembleda hybrid of celebrity book tour and campaign kickoff.During a(n) ___40__with some 1,000 students at a recent event at Arizona state university, for instance, she hinted that she was considering running for presidency in2016 because she was “very much concerned” about the direction that the U.S. was going.CFEHJ DKAGBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.The famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison once claimed that geniuswas one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration(汗水). Now, itseems, there is scientific evidence to __41__ his c laim. The idea that geniuses such as Shakespeare, M ozart, and Picasso possessed c ertain inborn talents is a false belief, according to a study by a British p sychologist and his colleagues.After examining outstanding performance in the arts and sports, these researchers concluded that __42__ is determined by opportunity, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence, and —most important of all —__43__. Even people who were not thought to be 44__ with any special talent could, after having received training, reach levels __45__ considered a ttainable (可获得的) only by gifted individuals. ‘Talent is a false belief, and it is time that people got rid of it,”they said.This theory — a dramatic __46__ with traditional beliefs — has been __47__ by academics worldwide. In fact, studies of accomplished artists and mathematicians, and top tennis players and swimmers, have reported few early signs of _48__ in these people before any parental encouragement. No case has been found of anyone reaching the highest levels of achievement without _49__ himself or herself to thousands of hours of serious training. Even those who are believed to be exceptionally talented —whether in music, mathematics, chess, or sports —have needed l engthy periods of instruction and practice to achieve their highest level of success. ‘The persistent false belief that some people reach high levels of performance without spending numerous hours practising __50__ much to the fact that their practice is usually outside the casual observer’s view,’ stated one scientist.The importance of practice has been noticed in athletics. For instance, differences in the composition of certain muscles were once thought to be __51_ predictors of athletic performance. However, the differences in the proportion of certain muscle fibers(组织) that are __52__ for success i n long-distance running are largely the result of extended practice in running.‘What makes a genius then?’ one may ask. __53__, there is no clear answer. What is known, however, is that ‘nurture’is at least as important as ‘nature.’__54__, a supportive environment will do far more for a child’s prospects of success than any inborn gifts. T his is a message that most of us will find _55__ — even if we haven’twon the gene l ottery, our fate is still in our own hands.41. A. make B. challenge C. support D. dismiss42. A. excellence B. harmony C. negotiation D. response43. A. education B. practice C. fortune D. character44. A. satisfied B. concerned C. decorated D. gifted45. A. preciously B. practically C. previouslyD. primarily46. A. break B. association C. partnership D. relief47. A. doubted B. concluded C. mentioned D. applauded48. A. accomplishment B. treasure C. diligence D. inspiration49. A. adapting B. attaching C. linking D. devoting50. A. carries B. leaves C. owes D. connects51. A. creative B. reliable C. natural D. active52. A. essential B. suitable C. possible D. feasible53. A. Unlikely B. Similarly C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately54. A. To sum up B. In other words C. For example D. In addition55. A. misleading B. puzzling C. comforting D. amusing CABDC ADADC BADBCSection BDirections:Read the following four passages.Each p assage is followed by severed questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B and C. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)。

格致中学2016-2017学年第二学期第一次测试II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I love charity shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all ___21___ very good prices. You can get things you won't find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is ___22___ your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, ___23___ finding a new home for unwanted goods. The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity's appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful that it ___24___(flood) with donations. They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favorite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, ___25___ I always find children's books, all 10 or 20 pence each. Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often___26___ manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don't encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in ___27___ the shop is open. The shops have very low running costs, and all profits ___28___(go) to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, ___29___(support) sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better places___30___(spend) your money?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The private automobile has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has (31)_______ them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems. In addition, the automobile has contributed to the (32)_________ of neighborhood ties by makingactivities far from home. For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has relieved their (33)__________, making it possible for them to travel to town frequently for business and for pleasure, and also to (34)_________ their children to distant schools. Family life has been affected (影响) in various ways, The car helps to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, they can easily escape from family (35)___________. If they are (36)___________, they sometimes become involved in situations, which led to serious trouble. For some, young or old, having the use of automobile leads to dangerous traffic accidents, caused by carelessness or by(37)________breaking of the driving laws. In 1971, over 5,000 people were killed in(38)___________accidents in the United States, and many more were injured. This toll(伤亡人数）has been decreased to some extent by gasoline shortage and has lowered the speed limit.For many Americans the automobile is a(n) (39)__________as well as a convenience. But for some, it is also a mark of social (40)____________,an important middle-class symbol; and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows mainly from ___41_____ behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the killing on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on __42_____ are rather harmless people-just ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a _____43____ both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the ____44____ go even beyond carelessness to total irresponsibility..Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 percent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the ___45____ condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort (扭曲) drivers'reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be__46_____. The experts warn that it is ____47___for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotion under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined (限制) todrivers. Street walkers_____48_____break traffic rules. They are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents; and many cyclist even ____49____that they are not subject to the basic rules of road.Significant legal ___50____ have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety____51____ for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodicroad-worthiness inspections.___52______, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these ___53_____, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting___54_____, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task. It ___55_____ constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things present a threat to those with whom they share the road.41. A. social B. emotional C. uncivil D. practical42. A. wheels B. tires C .horns D. shifts43. A. priority B. process C .principle D. presentation44. A. killers B. victims C. suspects D. survivors45. A. physical B. psychological C. original D. current46. A. impossible B. serious C. avoidable D. evident47. A. abstract B. difficult C. vital D. unusual48. A. consequently B. regularly C. accidently D. rarely49. A. accuse B. acknowledge C. object D. believe50. A. results B. arguments C. advances D. threats51. A. standards B. records C. proposals D. belts52. A .As a result B. No wonder C. On the other hand D. in addition53. A .rights B. measures C. experts D. warnings54. A. effect B. change C. solution D. achievement55. A .turns to B. aims at C. take on D. calls forSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.ATwo of the saddest words in the English language are “if only”. I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.My father is famous in our family for saying, “Take the extra minute to do it right.” I always try to live by the “extra minute” rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could d o to avoid an “if only” moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.I don’t only avoid those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. It’s equally important to avoid “if only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say “I love you” or“I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.I know there will still be occasions when I have to say “if only” about something, but my life isdefinitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I’m doing the right thing. I’m buying myself peace of mind and that’s the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.56.Which of the following is an example of the “extra minute” rule?A. Start the car the moment everyone is seated.B. Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.C. Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.D. Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.57. The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.A. keep her appointment with the eye doctorB. meet her father who was already an old manC. join in the holiday celebration of the companyD. finish her work before the deadline approached58. The underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. abandonedB. lackedC. avoidedD. WastedBIt's rare that you see the words "shyness" and "leader" in the same sentence. After all, the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not. A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership. Interestingly, the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands. Bill Gates, Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking, shy people take a cautious approach to chance. Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering, shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak. They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking, but rather listening so they can learn what to say. Along the same lines, shy people share a common love of learning. They are intrinsically（内在地）motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.Being shy can also bring other benefits. Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute, until shy little Johnny, who almost never said a word, cut in? Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking. This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence：they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully, which translate to a positive image.Shyness is often related to modesty. Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest, but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements. As a result, they are able to acknowledge mistakes, imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones, they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires. Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent. Don't believe me? Maybeyou'll believe Albert Einstein, who once said, "It's not that I'm so smart, it's that I stay with problems longer." Obviously, finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding. Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.59. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ___________.A. shy people are sensitive to rewardsB. shy people care more about contentC. outgoing people are more careful about chancesD. outgoing people consider what to learn while listening60. The example of Johnny shows ____________.A. shy people are likely to be modestB. hardworking students speak little in publicC. some students keep silent on purpose at schoolD. shy people may have an advantage in discussion61. We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that ____________.A. success results from devotionB. shyness contributes to popularityC. outside reward leads to insistenceD. uncertainty counts more than certainty62. The author supports his ideas mainly by ____________.A. giving definitions and presenting research resultsB. explaining problems and providing solutionsC. quoting authorities and making evaluationsD. making contrasts and gibing examplesCTelevision is a relatively stable advertising medium. In many ways, the television ads today are almost the same to those two decades ago. Most television ads still feature actors, still run 30 or 60 seconds, and still show a product. However, the different medium of the Internet causes unique challenges to advertisers, forcing them to adapt their practices and techniques.In the early days of Internet marketing, online advertisers used banner (框式广告) and pop-up ads (弹出式广告) to attract customers. These techniques reached large audiences, led to many sales leads, and came at a low cost. However, a small number of Internet users began to consider these advertising techniques annoying. Yet because marketing strategies relying heavily on banners and pop-ups produced results, companies invested growing amounts of money into purchasing these ad types. As consumers became more complicated, frustration with these online advertising techniques grew. Independent programmers began to develop tools that blocked banner and pop-up ads.A major development in online marketing came with the introduction of pay-per-click ads.Unlike banner or pop-up ads, which originally required companies to pay every time a website visitor saw an ad, pay-per-click ads allowed companies to pay only when an interested potential customer clicked on an ad. More importantly, however, these ads are not affected by the pop-up and banner blockers. As a result of these advantages and the incredible growth in the use of search engines, which provide excellent places for pay-per-click advertising, a great number of companies began turning to pay-per-click marketing. However, as with the banner and pop-up ads, pay-per-click ads came with their shortcomings. When companies began pouring billions of dollars into this emerging medium, online advertising specialists started to notice the presence of what would later be called click fraud (欺诈): representatives of a company with no interest in the product advert ised by a competitor click on the competitor’s ads simply to increase the marketing cost of the competitor. Click fraud grew so rapidly that marketers sought to diversify (摆脱) their online positions away from pay-per-click marketing through new mediums.Although pay-per-click advertising remains a common and effective advertising tool, marketers adapted yet again to the changing elements of the Internet by adopting new techniques such as pay-per-performance advertising. As the pace of the Internet’s evoluti on increases, it seems all the more likely that advertising successfully on the Internet will require a strategy that avoids constancy (持续性) and welcomes change.63. What is the main idea of the passage?A．The pace of the Internet’s evolution is increasing and will only increase in the future. B．Internet advertising fails to reach Internet users, causing ads to be blocked.C．The Internet has experienced dramatic changes in short periods of time.D．Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.64. As an advertising medium, the television and the Internet mainly differ in ________.A．the type of individual each medium reachesB．whether the medium is interactiveC．the pace at which the medium developsD．the cost of advertising with each medium65. According to the passage, which of the following is a typical click fraud?A．Using software to block competitors’ advertisements.B．Clicking on the pay-per-click ads of competitors.C．Clicking on the banner advertisements of opponent companies.D．Using search engine to attack the pages of competitors.66. What does the author imply about the future of pay-per-performance advertising?A．It will eventually become less popular just like other forms of Internet advertising.B．It will not face shortcomings due to its differing approach to online marketing.C．Internet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.D．Although it improves on pay-per-click advertising, it still suffers from click fraud.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship.67.__________ Are online friendships as beneficial as face-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows making contact with different kind s of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is esp ecially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. 68.__________ They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. 69._________ Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like. That is why you should n ot give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies” as they do about their “offline” friends.70___________ In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends.”Many people would agree. T hey say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parentsAnalysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has bee so great that many students now attend local schoolsLiving at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support Her mother agreed, “It is ridicul ous for the kids to pay all that money for rent It makes sense for kids to stay at home” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act But for others, it proves too difficult Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times —and left three times “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains “He never liked anyone I dated, so I either ha d to hide away to meet them at friends? houses”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financia l and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.V. TranslationDirections: translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 由于飞机晚点，我没能参加由那个成功商人资助的慈善音乐会。