The New Yorker 2009年10月26日 下册

2009版二笔实物教材第二单元及强化训练原文英译汉：V oracious Newspaper ReadersThe British are the most voracious newspaper readers in the world. They read newspapers at breakfast; they walk to the bus reading a newspaper; they read a newspaper on the bus, as they go to work; and on the way back home, after work, they are engrossed in an evening newspaper. There are many “morning papers”, both national and provincial. The most famous is The Times. Contrary to what many foreigners believe, this is not a government newspaper. The various newspapers usually have their own views on politics, but they are not organs of the political parties, with the exception of the Communist Morning Star.Bold headlines and a variety of photographs are features of the Britishpress. Some newspapers, such as the sober Daily Telegraph4 and The Times (which belong to the " quality press") use photographs sparingly. The more "popular" newspapers, using the small or "t abloid" format, such as the Daily Express, the Daily Mail, the Daily Mirror and The Sun, use pict ures extensively and also run strip-cartoons and humorous drawings, some of which present striki ng pictorial comment on politics.Besides offering features common to newspapers all over the world, British newspapers specia lize in pages devoted to criticism of the arts and a woman's page. One feature found in many forei gn newspapers is missing in British papers: the serial.Nearly all papers pay special attention to the reporting of sport and athletics. The evening newspa pers (the first editions of which appear in the morning!) are often bought because the purchaser w ants to know the winner of a race, or to get a good tip for a race that is still to be run.There is no censorship of the press in Britain (except in wartime), though of course all newspaper s like private persons are responsible for what they publish, and be sued for libel for publishing ar ticles that go beyond the bounds of decency, or for "contempt for court" (e. g. calling man a murd erer while he is still being tried). Such lawsuits are infrequent.The population of the United Kingdom is now over 55,000,000. About 17,500,000 newspapers ar e sold every day. The British people, therefore, are great readers of newspapers. There are few ho mes to which one newspaper is not delivered every morning. Many households have two, or even three, newspapers every day. One newspaper may be delivered at the house, a member of the fam ily may buy one at the station bookstall to read in the train as he goes to town, and someone else i n the family may buy an evening newspaper later in the day.If you ask an Englishman about the Press in his country, he will almost certainly begin talking about the morning daily and Sunday “national newspapers”, all of which now have their head offices in London. Later, almost as an afterthought, he may go on to talk about the provincial morning dailies, the London and provincial evening papers, and finally the weekly local papers. The leading position of the national daily papers is due to the smallness of the country, with every large town in England and Wales able to be reached by train in less than five hours from London.A paper printed in London around midnight can be at any breakfast table in England the next morning, except in remote country districts. All over the country, most people read the same newspapers and the leading position of the London papers may reflect a lack of regional identity. The national dailies are generally classed as either “quality”（The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph）or “popular”. The “quality” papers give more comprehensive coverage of all aspects of news, while the “popular” papers aim for a more general readership, they also cost less. The number of newspapers sold, in relation to the population is higher in Britain than in any othercountry except Sweden.The Times (circulation approximately 380,000) is the most famous of all British newspapers. It was the last of the papers to put news, instead of advertisements, on its front page. It made this change in the middle 1960s, when its circulation was still below 300,000, and it was losing money. In 1976 it was taken over by the Thomson group, though its editorial independence was guaranteed. Its leading articles give the opinion of its editorial staff, not those of the owners of the paper. It became much less austere than before, and increased its circulation rapidly.Politically The Times is independent, though it is traditionally inclined to be more sympathetic to the Conservative Party. It is not an organ of the Government, though sometimes its leading articles may be written after private consultation with people in, for example, the Foreign Office. It has a reputation for extreme caution in its attitudes and this reputation is on the whole deserved. The Guardian (circulation approximately 473,000) was called Manchester Guardian until 1959, and the change in its name indicates its success in becoming more and more a truly national paper rather than one specially connected with Manchester. Later it moves its base to London. In quality, style and reporting it is equal with The Times; in politics it is perhaps best described as “radical”. It is favorable to the Liberal Party and tends to be rather closer in sympathy to the Labour Party the to the Conservatives. It has made great progress during the past fifteen years, particularly among intelligent people who find The Times too uncritical of established interests.Daily Telegraph (circulation approximately 1,200,000) is theoretically independent, but in practice very close to being an organ of the Conservative Party. Well produced and edited and full of real information, it deserves to be considered as belong to the same class of journalism as The Times and The Guardian. It contains much more reading matter than the popular. Its circulation is nearly 1.5 times as great as that of The Times and The Guardian together; this may be partly because its price is lower.For many years, until very recently, the Daily Express (circulation approximately 1, 900,000) had the largest circulation of any daily paper. It reflects the rather nationalistic and imperialistic opinions of its founder, Lord Beaverbrook, the most famous of the press baron. He began his career as a poor boy in Canada and had a great reputation as a strong man, good at getting things done; he was called in to the Government in two wars. His influence survived his death in 1964. The Daily Express owes much of its success of skill in the technique of popular journalism.The Mirror and The Sun are “tabloids”, being printed on pape r half the normal size for a newspaper and relying much on pictures, strip cartoons and human interest stories for their popular appeal.The Daily Mirror (circulation approximately 3,400,000) has the biggest circulation in the Western world, based on popular reporting and support for the Labour Party. Its special appeal is to young people who left school when they were fifteen. Often its political reporting is rather slight, because it thinks its readers are not much concerned with politics.The Sun (circulation approximately 4,000,000) originally came into existence in 1964 as part of the Mirror Group, replacing the essentially Labour Daily Herald. It is now produced as a tabloid, with plenty of nudity and less serious content than the Daily Mirror. It has been successful in gaining circulation, some of it won from the defunct Sketch.To complete the list we should mention the Communist Party’s Morning Star, and the Financial Times. The Morning Star’s circulation is about 30,000. The name of the Financial Ti mes indicates its character. Its political attitude is inevitably Conservative, though it does not necessarily follow the party line. It has many good features, and its circulation has increased to over 216,000. That such a paper should have had the largest percentage increase in circulation of any national daily isan indication of the current development of ownership of capital in Britain.汉译英：中国给了我“天使般的行文”我8岁那年的一个下午，随妈妈去食品店购物。

Loving and Hating New YorkThomas Griffith1 Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,” are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the mighty has fallen. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragging was “bush” Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to assert how special it was.2 It isn’t the top anymore, at least if the top is measured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step with American politics. Once it was the nation’s undisputed fashion authority, but it too long resisted the incoming casual style and lost its monopoly. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends, a place to escape Common Denominator Land.3 Its deficiencies as a pacesetter are more and more evident. A dozen other cities have buildings more inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBC Symphony once played now sit empty most of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California. Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood. Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sums to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. In sports, the bigger superdomes, the more exciting teams, the most enthusiastic fans, are often found elsewhere.4 New York was never a good convention city – being regarded as unfriendly, unsafe, overcrowded, and expensive – but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction. Even so, most Americans would probably rate New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington, or Disneyland higher. A dozen other cities, including my hometown of Seattle, are widely considered better cities to live in.5 Why, then, do many Europeans call New York their favorite city? They take more readily than do most Americans to its cosmopolitan complexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures. Perhaps some of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international names – the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich. But no; what most excites Europeans is the city’s charged , nervous atmosphere, its vulgar dynamism .6 New York is about energy, contention, and striving. And since it contains its share of articulate losers, it is also about mockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.7 New York was never Mecca to me. And though I have lived there more than half my life, you won’t find me wearing an “I Love New York” T-shirt. But all in all, I can’, t think of many places in the world I’d rather li, ve. It’, s not easy to define why.8 Nature’s pleasures are much qualified in N, ew York, . You nev er see a star-filled sky; the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens. Sunsets can be spectacular: oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey meadows and gaudily reflected in a thousand windows on Manhattan’s jagged skyline. Nature constantly yields to man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes. Central Park, which Frederick Law Olmsted designed as lungs for the city’s poor, is in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer pristine yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people, largely youths, blacks, and Puerto Ricans, enjoying themselves. On park benches sit older people, mostly white, looking displaced. It has become less a tranquil park than an untidy carnival.9 Not the glamour of the city, which never beckoned to me from a distance, but its opportunity –to practice the kind of journalism I wanted –drew me to New York. I wasn’t even sure how I’d measure up against others who had been more soundly educated at Ivy League schools, or whether I could compete against that tough local breed, those intellectual sons of immigrants, so highly motivated and single-minded, such as Alfred Kazin, who for diversion (for heaven’t sake!) played Bach’s Unaccompanied Parti tas on the violin.10 A testing of oneself, a fear of giving in to the most banal and marketable of one’s talents, still draws many of the young to New York. That and, as always, the company of others fleeing something constricting where they came from. Together these young share a freedom, a community of inexpensive amusements, a casual living, and some rough times. It can’t be the living conditions that appeal, for only fond memory will forgive the inconvenience, risk, and squalor. Commercial Broadway may be inaccessible to them, but there is off- Broadway, and then off-off-Broadway. If painters disdain Madison Avenue’s plush art galleries, Madison Avenue dealers set up shop in the grubby precincts of Soho. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated. The artistic young inhabit the same Greenwich Village and its fringes in which the experimentalists in the arts lived during the Depression, united by a world against them. But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses. And it is not all that estranged.11 Manhattan is an island cut off in most respects from mainland America, but in two areas it remains dominant. It is the banking and the communications headquarters for America. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates. Wall Street will advance the millions to make a Hollywood movie only if convinced that a bestselling title or a star name will ensure its success. The networks’ news centers are here, and the largest book pu blishers, and the biggest magazines –and therefore the largest body of critics to appraise the films, the plays, the music, the books that others have created. New York is a judging town, and often invokes standards that the rest of the country deplores o r ignores. A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.12 The ad agencies are all here too, testing the markets and devising the catchy jingles that will move millions from McDonald’s to Burger king, so that the ad agency’s “creative director” can lunch instead in Manhattan’s expense-account French restaurants. The bankers and the admen. The marketing specialists and a thousand well-paid ancillary service people, really set the city’s brittle tone— catering to a wide American public whose numbers must be respected but whose tastes do not have to shared. The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers— as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.13 I am surprised by the lack of cynicism, particularly among the younger ones, of those who work in such fields. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delightsin much of it, and has no scruples about practicing it. Men and woman do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it. They lead their real lives elsewhere, in the Village bars they are indistinguishable in dress or behavior from would-be artists, actors, and writers. The boundaries of “art for art’s sake” aren’t so rigid anymore; art itself is less sharply defined, and those whose paintings don’t sell do il lustrations; those who can’ get acting jobs do commercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines. Besides, serious art often feeds in the popular these days, changing it with fond irony.14 In time the newcomers find or from their won worlds; Manhatten is many such words, huddled together but rarely interaction. I think this is what gives the city its sense of freedom. There are enough like you, whatever you are. And it isn’t as necessary to know anything about an apart ment neighbor- or to worry about his judgment of you- as it is about someone with an adjoining yard. In New York, like seeks like, and by economy of effort excludes the rest as stranger. This distancing, this uncaring in ordinary encounters, has another side: in no other American city can the lonely be as lonely.15 So much more needs to be said. New Your is a wounded city, declining in its amenities . Overloaded by its tax burdens. But it is not dying city; the streets are safer than they were five years age; Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again.16 The trash-strewn streets, the unruly schools, the uneasy feeling or menace, the noise, the brusqueness- all confirm outsiders in their conviction that they wouldn’t live here if you gave them the place. Yet show a New Yorker a splendid home in Dallas, or a swimming pool and cabana in Beverly Hills, and he will be admiring but not envious. So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. Too static, the New Yorker would say. Tell him about the vigor of your outdoor pleasures; he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life. He is hopelessly provincial. To him New York- despite i ts faults, which her will impatiently concede (“so what else is new?”) — is the spoiler of all other American cities.17 It is possible in twenty other American cities to visit first-rate art museums, to hear good music and see lively experimental theater, to meet intelligent and sophisticated people who know how to live, dine, and talk well; and to enjoy all this in congenial and spacious surroundings. The New Yorkers still wouldn’t want to live there.18 What he would find missing is what many outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York – its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracing competitiveness; the rigor of its judgments; and the congested, democratic presence of so many other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds, the defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town. In the subways, in the buses, in the streets, it is impossible to avoid people whose lives are harder than yours. With the desperate, the ill, the fatigued, the overwhelmed, one learns not to strike up conversation (which isn’t wanted ) but to make brief, sympathetic eye contact, to include them in the human race. It isn’t much, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each jealous of his privacy in the crowd. Ever helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt: a man, rushing the traffic light, shouts the man behind him. “ You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?” — great scorn in the word Jersey, home of drivers who don’t belong here.19 By Adolf Hitler’s definition, New York is mongrel ci ty. It is in fact the first truly international metropolis. No other great city- not London, Paris, Rome or Tokyo- plays host (or hostage) to so many nationalities. The mix is much wider- Asians, Africans, Latins - that when that tumultuous variety of European crowded ashore at Ellis Island. The newcomers are never fully absorbed, but are added precariously to the undigested many.20 New York is too big to be dominated by any group, by Wasps or Jews or blacks, or by Catholics of many origins — Irish, Italian, Hispanic. All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be reckoned with and tough in asserting their claims, but none is powerful enough to subdue the others. Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical. But New Yorkers themselves are in training in how to live together in a diversity of races- the necessary initiation into the future.21 The diversity gives endless color to the city, so that walking in it is constant education in sights and smells. There is wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the most successful of such places are likely to touristy hybrid compromises, they too have genuine roots. Other American cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an admixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions . In the same way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and mean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and music. The combination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that sometimes becomes a real toleration.22 Loving and hating New York becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day. The place constantly exasperates , at times exhilarates . To me it is the city of unavoidable experience. Living there, one has the reassurance of steadily confronting life.第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约托马斯格里非斯那些赞美"大苹果"的广告活动，还有那些印着带有"我爱纽约"字样的心形图案的T恤衫，只不过是它们在绝望中发出悲哀的迹象，只不过是纽约这个非凡的城市日趋衰落的象征。

作者:《纽约客》杂志特约撰稿人约翰?卡西迪为英国《金融时报》撰稿 2010-03-18两年前的3月14日，美国财长汉克?保尔森(Hank Paulson)打给贝尔斯登(Bear Stear ns)首席执行官艾伦?施瓦茨(Alan Schwartz)，告诉他已经无计可施了。

"艾伦，你们现在得靠政府了，"他说。

"否则的话，破产就是你们唯一的选择。

"史诗般的信贷危机由此拉开序幕。

24个月过去了，人们已汲取到许多代价高昂的教训。

● 杠杆是毒药。

2008年3月时，贝尔斯登的有形股权资本约为110亿美元，却支撑着3950亿美元的总资产--杠杆比率达到36。

几年来，这种不计后果的融资让贝尔斯登得以实现约33%的利润率和20%的股本回报率；但当市场逆转时，这种做法却让贝尔斯登失去了资本、以及愿意向其提供贷款的机构。

在接下来的几个月，同样的故事又在其它数十家银行和非银行机构上演。

去年，20国集团(G20)同意提高资本金比率要求，但它们迄今仍未发布相关数字。

从正式的角度来说，"巴塞尔守护神"--巴塞尔银行监管委员会(Basel mittee on Banking Supe rvision)--在行使着职能。

从非正式的角度来说，美国财长蒂姆?盖特纳(Tim Geithner)对最高杠杆比率心中有数。

最终发布的相关数字将表明，有关当局到底有多认真地阻止未来的崩盘。

● 嘎嘎叫的是鸭子；借入短期资金、贷出(或投出)长期资金的是银行。

从公认的角度来说，贝尔斯登和雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)是投资机构；华盛顿互惠(Washington Mutu al)是储贷银行；美国国际集团(AIG)是保险公司；通用汽车金融服务公司(GMAC)和通用电气金融服务公司(GE Capital)是工业企业的子公司；Reserve Fund是货币市场共同基金。

但实际上，上述这些机构全都在发放资金或准货币，并在积累流动性不佳的资产。

New York is the only city I have ever lived in. I have lived in the country, in the small town, and in New York. It is true I have had apartments in San Francisco, Mexico City, Los An-geles, Paris, and sometimes have stayed for months, but that is a very different 【导读】约翰·斯坦贝克年凭借长篇小说《愤怒的葡萄》奖，1962年又凭借小说尔文学奖。

斯坦贝克出生在加利福尼亚一个叫萨利纳斯的小镇，后来定居纽约。

本文最早发表在他1925年初到纽约，并逐渐爱上这座城市的过程。

扫码听读frog in a small puddle, if he kicks his feet is able to make waves, get mud in his neighbor’s eyes—make some im-pression. He is known. His family is known. People watch him with some interest, whether kindly or maliciously. He comes to New York and no matter what he does, no one is impressed. He challenges the city to fight and it licks him without being aware of him. This is a dreadful blow to a small town ego. He hates the organism that ignores him. He hates the people who look through him.11 And then one day he falls into place, accepts the city and does not fight it any more. It is too huge to notice him and suddenly the fact that it doesn’t notice him becomes the most delightful thing in the world. His self-consciousness evaporates. If he is dressed superbly well—there are half a million people。

美国“线人”：游走在毒贩与警察间的惶恐少年译读纽约客美国“线人”：游走在毒贩与警察间的惶恐少年本文原载于The New Yorker作者/Sarah Stillman编译/MY & 豫才& 阿呆& 雨山& eve译读：T-Read | 译读纽约客：TreadNY2008年5月7日晚，23岁的蕾切尔·霍夫曼驾驶银色的沃尔沃小轿车，放着jam-band的舒缓歌曲一路向北，前往佛罗里达州塔拉哈西市的一处公园。

霍夫曼刚从佛罗里达州立大学毕业，为了不引起旁人注意，她穿了牛仔裤、绿白相间的衬衫，脚踩一双黑色人字拖。

副驾驶的座位上放着一个手提袋，里面装着一摞连号钞票，共计1.3万美元。

6点34分，在北茉莉迪恩路，快开到乔治亚蜜桃摊和杜彼洛蜜糖摊时，她给男友发了条短信：“我戴了窃听装置，正在路上，祝我好运。

”她的男友回复：“好运，宝贝。

有什么事随时联系我。

”她回：“太阳快要下山了。

”夕阳西下，余晖照耀着公园里的橡树和盛开的紫薇花。

年轻的母亲正推着婴儿车在棒球场附近散步；孩子们在操场上肆意奔跑。

霍夫曼拿出苹果手机，打给她要见的人，藏在她钱包里的电子装置对她的声音进行了处理。

她的声音听起来很镇定：“我的车现在停在网球场旁边。

”她之所以能故作镇定，是因为她知道有19名警察正密切关注着她的一举一动，还有一架药品管理局派出的侦查机一直在她的上空盘旋。

高个子、红头发的蕾切尔·霍夫曼天性随和，对人不设防，并不是一名训练有素的缉毒情报员。

在她脸书的首页上，你可以看到她在音乐节上欢歌载舞，没心没肺的傻笑，还有她为她的小猫们做的简介：“喜欢听：Cat stevens，straycat blues和pussycat dolls”。

几周前，有人报警说闻到了大麻味，怀疑霍夫曼正在销售毒品，于是警察来到了霍夫曼的公寓。

警察问她屋子里是否藏有违法物品，霍夫曼没有否认，并允许警察进屋搜查。

警察没收了藏在沙发垫子下的5盎司大麻以及一些摇头丸和安定片。

从互文性角度看余光中自译诗《江湖上》发布时间：2022-11-27T07:07:06.766Z 来源：《中国科技信息》2022年8月第15期作者：平沫[导读] 翻译不仅是两种语言的转换，也是两种文化的交融平沫上海海洋大学外国语学院上海 201306摘要：翻译不仅是两种语言的转换，也是两种文化的交融。

译者作为构建源语文本信息和目标语读者之间桥梁的文化使者，要尽可能的发现文本与其他文本之间的互文性，缩小文本空间，更直接地将源文本信息传达。

本文以余光中诗歌《江湖上》自译为例，从互文性的角度探讨该译本与鲍勃·迪伦（Bob Dylan）的《答案在风中飘荡》（Blowin’in The Wind）产生的互文现象。

关键词：互文性余光中《江湖上》鲍勃·迪伦《答案在风中飘荡》一、互文性理论1.互文性理论的来源“互文性”（intertextuality）最初由茱莉亚·克莉丝蒂娃（Julia Kristeva）于1969年提出。

她认为，每个文本的外形都是用马赛克般的引文拼嵌起来的团，每个文本都是对其它文本的吸收和转化。

任何一部原文作品总是浸润在该民族的文学、历史、哲学、宗教、传统、习俗、传说等等构成的文化体系之中，同时又与世界上别的民族文化有着影响、借鉴、交融等等千丝万缕的联系，总会跟前人或者同时代人的思想或话语发生种种直接或间接的文字的因缘。

（杨衍松，1994：10）文本与文本之间的相互关联称为“互文性”，简而言之就是将他人或者现成的名言警句、成语典故等等为己所用并熔铸于行文之中。

如今，互文性是一个重要的文学批评概念。

1973年，罗兰·巴特对互文性做出阐释：我们将文本定义为跨越语言的手段，它重新分配了语言次序，从而把直接交流信息的言语同其他已有或现有的表述联系起来。

虽然文本各有不同，但任何一个文本都无法离开文本对话语境，在这个语境中，不同文本相互连接，指向过去，映射现在，并在相关文本里找到自己的存在。

外交新词翻译的原则与策略外国语学院英语笔译邓冰外交新词翻译的原则与策略摘要：外交新词作为高文化负载词，体现着国家的发展与大政方针，翻译质量影响着对外宣传的效果，展现了现代汉语的生机活力。

外交新词政治性强、具有中国特色，常常出现在各类外宣材料，结合外宣翻译三贴近原则，翻译时应遵循政治等效、译名统一、专业表达、约定俗成四大原则。

关键词：外交新词外宣翻译原则新词翻译原则1.外交新词翻译现状及问题改革开放来，中国经济迅速发展，各项事业稳步提升，国际地位不断提高，外交工作日趋活跃，外交新词不断涌现，如：新型大国关系、八荣八耻、中国梦等等，各种外宣材料翻译成为外交工作的重要组成部分，外交新词则是重中之重，翻译质量决定着对外宣传的效果，影响国家形象，外交新词翻译中也存在以下问题：翻译用词不够准确，政治敏感性不强。

外交新词最主要的特点之一就是政治性强，因此选词要恰当、准确，如2009年11月11日新闻发布会上，译员将表达达赖从事民族分裂活动的贬义词“窜访”译成了中性词“visit”，缺失了词语本身的政治内涵，没有向西方传达出中国政府和人民暗含其中的感情色彩。

译名不够统一，缺乏规范化意识。

一些重要、常见的外交新词翻译版本众多，没有统一性，就如“中国梦”一词的翻译，出现了“the Chinese dream、the China dream、the dream of China”等诸多版本，有时同一文章译名都未达到统一，引起外国媒体的猜测与误读。

译文欠缺专业性，术语国际标准化意识不强。

对于一些外交新词的翻译过于通俗，按照字面翻译，用词冗长，语体不正式，不符合国际惯例和外交术语的文体特征。

外交新词翻译是外交翻译工作的难点，具有中国特色，是中国“文化走出去”的关键，必须确立相关翻译原则，确保翻译质量与外宣效果。

2.中国外交新词的语言特征外交新词分为全新词、新义旧词（旧词新用）和外来词。

本文主要研究全新词和旧词新义的翻译，其具有政治性强、中国特色性强、寓意深刻，富有新意、专业性，唯一性和简洁性的主要特点，用词往往言简意赅，铿锵有力，节奏感强。

纽约时报09年度十佳好书（下载）The 10 Best Books of 2009 FictionBOTH WAYS IS THE ONLY WAY I WANT IT （Book Review）By Maile MeloyIn an exceptionally strong year for short fiction, Meloy’s concise yet fine-grained narratives, whether set in Montana, an East Coast boarding school or a 1970s nuclear power plant, shout out with quiet restraint and calm precision. Her flawed characters — ranch hands in love, fathers and daughters — rarely act in their own best interests and often betray those closest to them.今年是短篇小说的丰产年，但Meloy的叙述简明但细致，不管其背景是蒙大拿，东海岸一所寄宿学校，还是70年代的核电站，以不动声色的克制和冷静的精确发出呼喊。

小说中有缺点的人物——恋爱中的农场工人、父亲和女儿，很少从自己的利益出发行动，经常背叛他们最亲密的人。

CHRONIC CITY ( PDF+EXE格式下载 )（Book Review）By Jonathan LethemLethem’s eighth novel unfolds in an alternative-reality Manhattan. The crowded canvas includes a wantonly destructive escaped tiger (or is it a subway excavator?) prowling the streets, a cruel grayfog engulfing Wall Street, a “war free” edition of The New York Times, a character stranded on the dying International Space Station, strange and valuable vaselike objects called chaldrons, colossal cheeseburgers and some extremely potent marijuana.Lethem的第八部小说在一个另一种现实的曼哈顿展开。

2023-2024学年上学期第三次月考卷A卷九年级英语（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：100分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．测试范围：Unit1-9 (人教版)。

4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题共55分）一、单项选择（本题共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1．Steve lives in European country, and he teaches in university there.A．an; a B．an; the C．a; a D．a; an2．— My English is very poor. What shall I do?— ________ join the English club?A．What about B．Why don’t C．Why not D．Let’s3．— Do you know how to pronounce this word?—Yes. I in the dictionary yesterday.A．looked it up B．worked it out C．gave it away D．picked it up4．The ________ you work at your lessons, the ________ your grades will be.A．hard; good B．harder; good C．hard; better D．harder; better5．Mike didn’t have supper yesterday. He just drank some juice ______.A．too B．either C．instead D．instead of6．—I am worried about____I can enter a good high school or not.—Take it easy. Believe in yourself!A．that B．when C．whether D．where7．—What do you think of Mary?—She is a good girl. She always answers the phone ________ when I call her.A．politely B．suddenly C．easily D．luckily8．The box was _____ than I had expected. I was out of breath when I got home.A．more heavier B．much heavierC．little heavier D．very heavier9．The tools are used ________ the workers in the factory.A．for B．as C．to D．by10．---Excuse me, sir. Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?---Oh, sorry, I took it ______. Mine is over there under the chair.A．at once B．on time C．by mistake D．in all11．—Your father has passed the driving test？—Yes. _____my father_____my mother has.A．Not only; but also B．Neither; norC．Either; or D．Both; and12．The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.A．invents B．inventedC．is invented D．was invented13．Jessica's parents always encourage her ________ out her opinions.A．speak B．speaking C．to speak D．will speak14．I am used to ________ a T-shirt and jeans.A．wear B．put on C．wearing D．putting on15．─What are you going to do this afternoon，dear？─My hair is too long. I am going to get my hair _________.A．cut B．to cut C．cuts D．cutting第二部分完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。