【贪污腐败】中国科协调查显示国内科研经费仅40%用于项目
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计算机二级C语言上机(南开大学)100题程序填空题1 补充fun函数,fun函数的功能是求10的阶乘。
n>1 n-1 n==12 在函数fun的横线上填写若干表达式,使从键盘上输入一个整数n,输出数列是一种整数数列,其中每数等于前面两数之和n==o n==1 fun(n-1)+fun(n-2)3 补充函数fun(char*s),该函数的功能是把字符串中的内容逆置s+i<s+n-1-i*(s+i)=(s+n-1-i) *(s+n-1-i)=t4 补充函数fun,他的功能是计算并输出n(包括n)以内能被3或7整除的所有自然数的倒数之和i<=ni%3==0||i%7==0 1.0/i5 功能是求1/2的圆面积,函数通过形参得到圆的半径,函数返回1/2的圆面积r r*r &x6 功能是计算并输出下列级数的前N项合Sn,直到Sn大于q为止,q 的值通过形参传入<= n++return s7 函数fun的功能是统计长整数n的各个位上出现数字1.2.3的次数,并通过外部(全局)变量c1.c2.c3返回主函数n%10 break break8 补充main函数,功能是从键盘输入一组整数,使用条件表达式找出最大的整数,当输入的整数为0时结束&num[i]max<num[i]? num[i]!=09 给定程序的功能是分别统计字符串中大写字母和小写字母的个数(*a)++ (*b)++ upper,lower10 补充main函数,功能是从键盘输入3个整数,然后找出最大的数并输出。
max=a max=b max=c11 函数fun的功能是把形参s所指字符串中下标为奇数的字符右移到下一个奇数位置,最右边被移出字符串的字符绕回放到第一个奇数位置,下标为偶数的字符不动1 s[k] c12 补充fun函数,功能是字符串tt中的大写字母都改为对应的小写字母,其他的字符不变。
tt[i]<='Z'tt[i]+=32 tt13 补充fun函数,功能是判断一个数是否为素数。
N-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT MODE Electronics Corp.POWER MOSFET▼ Simple Drive Requirement BV DSS 30V ▼ Low Gate Charge R DS(ON)25m Ω▼ Fast SwitchingI D28ADescriptionAbsolute Maximum RatingsSymbol Units V DSV V GSV I D @T C =25℃A I D @T C =100℃A I DMA P D @T C =25℃W W/℃T STG ℃T J℃Symbol Value Units Rthj-c Maximum Thermal Resistance, Junction-case4℃/W Rthj-a 62.5℃/W Rthj-aMaximum Thermal Resistance, Junction-ambient110℃/WData and specifications subject to change without notice Maximum Thermal Resistance, Junction-ambient (PCB mount)31AP40T03GH/JRoHS-compliant ProductParameterRating Drain-Source Voltage 30Gate-Source Voltage+25Continuous Drain Current, V GS @ 10V 28Continuous Drain Current, V GS @ 10V 24Pulsed Drain Current 195Total Power Dissipation 31.25-55 to 150Operating Junction Temperature Range-55 to 150Linear Derating Factor 0.25Thermal DataParameterStorage Temperature RangeG DSTO-252(H)GDSTO-251(J)Advanced Power MOSFETs from APEC provide the designer with the best combination of fast switching, ruggedized device design,low on-resistance and cost-effectiveness.The TO-252 package is widely preferred for all commercial-industrial surface mount applications and suited for low voltage applications such as DC/DC converters. The through-hole version (AP40T03GJ)are available for low-profile applications.Electrical Characteristics@T j =25o C(unless otherwise specified)Symbol ParameterTest ConditionsMin.Typ.Max.Units BV DSSDrain-Source Breakdown Voltage V GS =0V, I D =250uA30--V ΔB V DSS /ΔT jBreakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient Reference to 25℃, I D =1mA-0.032-V/℃R DS(ON)Static Drain-Source On-Resistance 2V GS =10V, I D =18A --25m ΩV GS =4.5V, I D =14A --45m ΩV GS(th)Gate Threshold Voltage V DS =V GS , I D =250uA 1-3V g fs Forward Transconductance V DS =10V, I D =18A -15-S I DSS Drain-Source Leakage CurrentV DS =30V, V GS =0V --1uA Drain-Source Leakage Current (T j =150o C)V DS =24V ,V GS =0V --25uA I GSS Gate-Source Leakage V GS = +25V --+100nA Q g Total Gate Charge 2I D =18A -8.8-nC Q gs Gate-Source Charge V DS =20V - 2.5-nC Q gd Gate-Drain ("Miller") Charge V GS =4.5V - 5.8-nC t d(on)Turn-on Delay Time 2V DS =15V -6-ns t r Rise TimeI D =18A-62-ns t d(off)Turn-off Delay Time R G =3.3Ω,V GS =10V -16-ns t f Fall Time R D =0.83Ω- 4.4-ns C iss Input Capacitance V GS =0V -655-pF C oss Output CapacitanceV DS =25V -145-pF C rssReverse Transfer Capacitancef=1.0MHz-95-pFSource-Drain DiodeSymbol ParameterTest ConditionsMin.Typ.Max.Units I S Continuous Source Current ( Body Diode )V D =V G =0V , V S =1.3V--28A I SM Pulsed Source Current ( Body Diode )1--95A V SDForward On Voltage 2T j =25℃, I S =28A, V GS =0V--1.3VNotes:1.Pulse width limited by Max. junction temperature.2.Pulse testTHIS PRODUCT IS SENSITIVE TO ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE, PLEASE HANDLE WITH CAUTION.USE OF THIS PRODUCT AS A CRITICAL COMPONENT IN LIFE SUPPORT OR OTHER SIMILAR SYSTEMS IS NOT AUTHORIZED.APEC DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS.APEC RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN.23.Surface mounted on 1 in 2 copper pad of FR4 boardAP40T03GH/JFig 1. Typical Output Characteristics Fig 2. Typical Output CharacteristicsFig 3. On-Resistance v.s. Gate VoltageFig 4. Normalized On-Resistance v.s. Junction TemperatureFig 5. Forward Characteristic ofFig 6. Gate Threshold Voltage v.s.Reverse DiodeJunction TemperatureAP40T03GH/JFig 7. Gate Charge CharacteristicsFig 9. Maximum Safe Operating Area Fig 10. Effective Transient Thermal ImpedanceFig 11. Switching Time Waveform Fig 12. Gate Charge WaveformAP40T03GH/JADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS CORP.6。
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和老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写邮件里常用的四个英文缩写CC,FYI,ASAP,RESEND1. CC 抄送Literal meaning: Carbon Copy. When used in an e-mail, it means t o send a copy of the e-mail to someone else.Hidden meaning: If you are on the CC list, you may simply read t he e-mail. You're not always obligated to reply. But if an e-mail s ent to you has your boss' e-mail on the CC list, watch out. When the boss is involved, you'd better take the e-mail more seriously. 2. FYI 供你参考Literal meaning: For your information.Hidden meaning: By adding "FYI", the sender indicates that the e-mail contains information that may be valuable to your company or job responsibilities.3. ASAP / urgent 紧急文件Literal meaning: As soon as possible.Hidden meaning: When you see "ASAP" or "urgent" in an e-mail or document, you should quickly carry out the e-mail's orders.4. RESEND! 重传Literal meaning: Please resend your reply to me.Hidden meaning: "I haven't received your reply. I don't have much time. Please hurry." You might get such a message from someonewho sent you an e-mail, to which you've yet to reply.others:数字:2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA:ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAFK = Away From KeyboardAIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s UncleAISI = As I See ItAKA = Also Known AsAMBW = All My Best WishesANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sp onsorAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" PossibleASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeAWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This AgainAWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh AgainAYSOS = Are You Stupid Or SomethingB:B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by MattelBBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBCNU = Be Seein’ YouBF = BoyfriendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again BR = Best regardsBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of Me BTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells On BWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC:Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIS = CompuServe Information Service CMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD:DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read DD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\\amn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A Sh DKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t Read If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That ThingE:EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF:F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation FWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG:G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage OutGIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do IGMTA = Great Minds Think AlikeGNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For YouGR&D = Grinning Running And DuckingGRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN.H:HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half Kidding HHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of CoffeeHowz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up Your AI:IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble Opinion IMNSHO = In My Not So Humble Opinion IMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My Pro blemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I Mean IYSS = If You Say SoJ:J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK:K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL:L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM:M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same Sex MTFBWY = May The Force Be With You MWBRL = More Will Be Revealed Later MYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN:N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In FactNFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class Dear NRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO:OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert Keyboard ONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The Blue OT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P:PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard PEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss Off/product order/purchase orderPOS = Parents Over ShoulderPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopS:SS:spring/summerT:TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It TFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTKS/TKX=ThanksTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do ItTPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU:U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically CorrectURYY4M = You Are Too Wise For MeV:VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW:WAG = Wild Ass GuessWAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying FWIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In TrainingWITFITS = What in the F is this ShWOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine WYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX:X U = Kiss YouY:Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got It YDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth? YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever。
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资料来自货车电器电子交流联盟总群65026188
欢迎同行加入交流只限货车电工加入
本群主修:欧曼、豪沃、德龙、解放系列、奥威、北奔重卡.解放J6、陕汽德龙、江淮、JAC、东风天龙、陕汽奥龙、豪沃A7、华凌、徐工汽车、三一重工、中国一托东方红、红岩杰狮、东风系列大型货车电路、车身自带电脑版、电子仪表、CAN、欧三电喷、等等。
2023-2024学年九年级上学期11月期中数学试题一、选择题:本大题共10 小题,每小题3 分,共30 分.每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合要求.1.下列与杭州亚运会有关的图案中,中心对称图形是()2.用配方法解方程x2+6x+4=0时,原方程变形为()A.(x+3)2=9B. (x+3)2=13C. (x+3)2=5D. (x+3)2=43.二次函数y=﹣x2的图象向右平移2个单位,向上平移5个单位,则平移后的二次函数解析式为()A.y=﹣(x+2)2+5B.y=﹣(x+2)2﹣5C.y=﹣(x﹣2)2+5D.y=﹣(x﹣2)2﹣54.若关于x的一元二次方程k x2+2x﹣1=0有实数根,则k的取值范围是()A.k≥1且k≠0B.k≥﹣1C.k>﹣1D.k>﹣1且k≠05,如图,Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,BC=3,AC=4,将△ABC绕点A顺时针旋转60°得到△AED,连接BE,则BE 的长为()A.5B.4C.3D.2第5题第7题第9题6.已知二次函数y=3(x﹣1)2+1的图象上有A(1,y1),B(2,y2),C(﹣2,y3)三个点,则y1,y2,y3的大小关系是()A. y1 >y2>y3B.y2>y1>y3C. y3>y1>y2D.y3>y2>y17,如图所示,在⊙O中,直径AB=10,弦DE⊥AB于点C,连接DO.若OC:OB=3:5,则DE的长为()A.3B. 4C. 6D. 88,某商品原价289元,经连续两次降价后售价为256元,设平均每次降价的百分率为x,则下面所列方程正确的是()A.289(1﹣x) 2=256B.256(1﹣x) 2=289C.289(1﹣2x) 2=256D.256(1﹣2x) 2=2899.在直径为10cm的圆柱形油槽内装入一些油后,截面如图,油面宽AB为6cm,当油面宽AB为8cmA.1B.7C.1或7D.3或410.已知抛物线y=ax2+b x+c(a<0),经过点(﹣3,0)(1,0).判断下列结论:①a bc>0;②a﹣b+c<0;③若m是任意实数,则a m2+b≤a﹣bm;④方程ax2+bx+c=﹣1有两个不相等的实数根;⑤无论a、b、c取何值,抛物线定过(,0)其中正确结论的个数()A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分.11.抛物线y=(x﹣2)2﹣5的顶点坐标是_____12.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2﹣3x﹣=0两个根为x1、x2,则x1+x2=____13.已知m 是一元二次方程x2﹣x﹣2=0 的一个根,则2022+m2﹣m=_____14.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,若直线y=m x+n与抛物线y=ax2+b x+c交于A(﹣1,p)、B (2,q)则关于x的不等式m x+n<ax2+b x+c的解集是_____15.如图,A、B、C是⊙O上的点,OC⊥AB,垂足为点D,且D为OC的中点,若OA=7,则BC的长为_____16.如图,在△ABC中,∠C=90°,∠B=36°,将△ABC绕点A顺时针方向旋转α(0° <α<180°)得到△ABC',BC交AB'于点F,连接BB',则当△BB'F是等腰三角形时,旋转角α=_____第14题第15题第16题三、解答题(一):本大题共 3 小题,每小题7分,共21分。
图纸上英文缩写图纸上英文缩写缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds Institute APPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech Engrs ASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B&S Brown&Shape 棕色&形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL CounerdrillCDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H&G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H&G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译NTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsotetcOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece,Pitch Circle 件,节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package,Packing 包装PL Parting Line,Places,Plate PNEU PncumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position,Postive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product,Production 产品,产量PSI Pounds per Square InchPT Part,Point 零件,点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden,A-ScaleRB Rockwell Harden,B-ScaleRC Rockwell Harden,C-ScaleRECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REF Reference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release,Relief 释放,缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Requird 有需要REE Retainer,ReturnREV Reverse,Revision,RevolutionRFS Regardless of Feature SizeRGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection WeldSAE Society of Automotive EngrsSCH Schedule 进度表图纸英文缩写对照(请用Ctrl+F搜索)缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable, Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amount 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL American National Standard Label APPROX Approximate 大约ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B&S Brown&Shape 棕色&形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counter bore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL Counter drillCDS Cold-Drawn SteelEFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose, Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Extension, External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet, fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor. Fluid, Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame, Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage, Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H&G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat TreatNTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsoleteOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece, Pitch Circle 件,节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package, Packing 包装PL Parting Line, Places, PlatePNEU PneumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position, Positive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product, Production 产品,产量PSI Pounds per Square InchPT Part, Point 零件,点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden, A-ScaleRB Rockwell Harden, B-ScaleRC Rockwell Harden, C-ScaleRECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REF Reference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release, Relief 释放,缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Required 有需要REE Retainer, ReturnREV Reverse, Revision, Revolution RFS Regardless of Feature SizeRGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection WeldSAE Society of Automotive EngineersSCH Schedule 进度表A/F——Across Flats——对边C`SINK——Counter Sink——沉头锥孔C`BORE——Counter Bore——沉头平底孔C——Chamfer——倒角EXT——External——外(外在的)INT——Internal——内(内在的)MATL——Material——材料LH——Left Hand——左旋(螺纹)RH——Right Hand——右旋(螺纹)REV——Revision——版本U`CUT——Under Cut——空刀槽S.FACE——Spot Face——刮平S.R——Spherical radius——球面半径R——Radius——半径P.F——Press Fit——紧配S.F——Slide Fit——滑配PCD——Pitch Circle Diameter——节圆直径DP——Deep——深度CL——Center Line——中心线FF——Force Fit——压配HRC——Hardened——热处理(淬火)BSF——British standard fine thread——英国细牙螺纹处理BSP——British standard pipe thread——英国管螺纹标准BSW——British standard worth thread——英国惠氏螺纹标准BSD——British standard dimension——英国度量标准尺寸BSG——British standard gauge——英国标准线规BSS——British standard specification——英国标准技术规格G——美国标准管牙M——Metric——公制螺纹NPT——国家管用螺纹(美制斜牙齿)UNC——United coarse thread——统一标准粗牙螺纹UNEF——United extreme fine thread——公称制细牙UNF——United fine thread——公称细牙CYL——Cylinder or cylindrical——圆柱DIA——Diameter——直径DWG NO——Drawing NO——图纸编号ANGLE 角度NATURE R 自然RALL ROUND 周边,全周NG 粗牙BOT (BOTT) 底部NF 细牙CB 沉头孔PART NO 料号CL 中心线PUNCH 冲头C+0.02 单边放大0.02间隙PIERCE PUNCH 落料冲头chamfer(C) 倒角PCS 个,块,件CA(NCA) 清角(不清角)Q'TY 数量CENTER(CEN) 中心,园心REF 参考DWG NO 图号REV 版次DEEP(DEP) 深度RIGHT 右EDGE 刀口SYM 中心对齐ECN NO 设变号码SMALL 小端EWL (newl) 清线头(不清线头)S落料斜度FINISH 硬度SCALE 比例GAP 单边间隙SECTION A-A 剖视A-AHEIGHT 高度SHEET 表单,页次HATCHING 阴影线SURFACE 表面HEAT TREATMENT 热处理TAP 攻牙INSERT 入块TYP 相同,尺寸一致LARGE 大端THRU(THR) 贯穿LEFT 左TOP 顶部MM 螺纹的规格THICK 厚度MARK 记号标记TAPPER 锥度斜度MATEL 材料材质TAN 切点MAX 最大值TAP1/2NPT 1/2英制管牙MIN 最小值UNIT 单位NAME 名称VIWE A 视图ANEF 特别攻牙SECA-A A-A剖视NRT 新制管牙机械图纸英语翻译以下是我在工作中常用的ALL WELDS CONTINUOUS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. 未注焊缝均为连续焊ALL WELDS 3mm FILLET UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED 未注焊角高3mm.ALL UNSPECIFIED RADI - R3 未注圆角R3REMOVE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES 棱角倒钝CHANNEL 槽钢RSA 708 角钢70X70X8M30X1.5 pitch M30X1.5的锥螺纹Tackweld 点焊OD 1/4" outside dimension 1/4"的缩写外径直1/4"75 CRS 尺寸为75 材质为冷轧钢板410 OPENING REF 410 开口参考尺寸40 REF 尺寸为40,参考值2.5" BSP 2.5” 圆锥管螺纹2.5" BSPT HEXAGON 2.5” 六角圆锥管螺纹(即对丝)30x2.5 FLAT BAR 30X2.5 扁钢TYP 2 POSNS 2处11 TOTAL COILS APROX.9 WORKING COILS APROX.RIGHT HAND WOUND ONLY,END COILS SQUARE TO TOUCH.总圈数约11圈;工作圈数约9圈;右旋;弹簧的端部磨平以便于接触.(此为弹簧技术说明)FEMALE: 内扣(母扣)MALE: 外扣(公扣)偏心轴eccentric shaft销轴PIN开口销COTTER PIN螺杆screw紧定螺钉SET SCREW圆螺母ROUND NUT内六角螺钉SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW六角螺钉HEX HD SETSCREW六角螺栓HEX HD BOLT挡圈closing ring弹性挡圈circlip轴承隔套distance sleeve of axletree轴承axletree深沟球轴承DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING无扣长non-buckle longth弹簧SPRING吊环螺钉LIFTING EYE BOLT开槽盘头螺钉SLOTTED PAN HEAD SCREW圆锥滚子轴承TAPERED ROLLER BEARING推力球轴承THRUST BALL BEARING平键FLAT KEY弹簧垫圈SINGLE COIL SPRING WASHER平垫圈FLAT WASHER螺母FULL NYLOCK NUT圆螺母ROUND NUTREMOVE ALL BURRS AND SHARP EDGES 所有尖角/棱角倒角并去毛刺40 REF 为测量的参考尺寸OD 1/4’ outside dimension 1/4"的缩写外径直1/4’------->应该为:外径值1/4"75 CRS 尺75 材质为冷轧钢板------->应该为:尺寸75 材质为冷轧钢板我见过18GA(.048")CRS、16GA(.060)CRS、14GA(.075)CRS,其中GA是表示厚度的,但与英寸的关系还没研究明白;照此推算75是相当薄的缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech EngrsASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的A VG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B&S Brown&Shape 棕色&形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL CounerdrillCDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H&G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal我见过18GA(.048")CRS、16GA(.060)CRS、14GA(.075)CRS,其中GA是表示厚度的,但与英寸的关系还没研究明白;照此推算75是相当薄的缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech EngrsASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的A VG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B&S Brown&Shape 棕色&形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL CounerdrillCDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围,外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator MovementFIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地,液体,冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H&G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译NTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsotetcOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece,Pitch Circle 件,节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package,Packing 包装PL Parting Line,Places,PlatePNEU PncumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position,Postive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product,Production 产品,产量PSI Pounds per Square InchPT Part,Point 零件,点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden,A-ScaleRB Rockwell Harden,B-ScaleRC Rockwell Harden,C-ScaleRECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REF Reference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release,Relief 释放,缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Requird 有需要REE Retainer,ReturnREV Reverse,Revision,RevolutionRFS Regardless of Feature SizeRGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection WeldSAE Society of Automotive EngrsSCH Schedule 进度表CFS Cold-Finished SteelCH Case HardenCHAM Chamfer 斜面CHAN Channel 渠道CHG Change 改变CHK Check 核查CI Cast Iron 铸铁CIR Circle, Circular 圆周CIRC Circumference 圆周CL Centerline 中心线CLP Clamp 夹子CNC Computer Numerical Control 电脑数值控制COMB Combination 联合COML Commercial 商业的CONC Concentric 同中心的CONN Connect,Connector 连接器COV Cover 盖子CPLG Coupling 联结CQ Commercial Quality 商业等级钢CRS Cold Stds AssociationCRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴级射线管CS Cast Steel 铸铁CSA Canadian Stds AssociationCSK Countersink 埋头孔CSTG Casting 铸件CTR Center 中心CU Cubic 立方米CW Clockwise 顺时针CYL Cylinder,Cylindrical 柱面DBL Double 双倍DEC Decimal 小数DEG Degree 摄氏度DET Detail 详情DEV Develop 发展DFT Draft 草稿DIA Diameter 直径DIM Dimension 尺寸DIST Distance 距离DN Down 向下DP Deep,Diametral Pitch 深度,径节DR Drill,Drill Rod 钻孔DSGN Design 设计DVTL Dovetail 吻合DWG Drawing 图纸DWL Dowel 木钉DWN Drawn 拔出EA Each 每个ECC Eccentric 古怪缩写全称翻译HVY Heavy 重量HYD Hydraulic 水压ID Inside Diameter 内部直径IDENT Identification 鉴定ILLUS Illustration 说明IN Inch 英寸INCL Include,Including 包括INCR Increase 增加INFO Information 信息INSP Inspect 检查INSTL Install 安装INST Instruct,Instrument 指示,工具INT Interior,Internal,Intersect 内部的,内在的,交叉IR Inside Radius 内部半径ISO Internal Stds Organization 国际标准化组织JCT Junction 连结JNT Journal 杂志JT Joint 连接K Key 关键KNRL Knurl 硬节KST KeyseatKWY Keyway 键沟LB Pound 英镑LBL Label 标签LG Length,Long 长度LH Left Hand 左手LMC Least Material ConditionLOC Locate 位于LT Light 光LTR Letter 信LUB Lubricate 润滑MACH Machine 机器MAINT Maintenance 维护MATL Material 材料MAX Maximum 最大MECH Mechanical,Mechanism 机械MED Medium 媒介MFG Manufacturing 制造业MI Malleable Iron 可锻造的铁MIN Minimum, Minute 最小,秒MISC Miscellaneous 混杂的MM Millimeter 毫米MMC Max Material ConditionMS Machine SteelMTG Mouting 装备MULT Multiple 倍数MWG Music Wire GagugNA Not Applicable 不可应用的NATL National 国内的NC Numerical Control 数字电脑控制NEG Negative 忽略的NO. Number 号码NOM Nominal 名义上的NPSM Natl Pipe Straight MechNPT Natl Pipe Tapered缩写全称翻译SCR Screw 螺丝SEC Second 秒SECT Section 部分SEP Separate 独立SEQ Sequence 顺序SER Serial,Series 系列SERR Serrate 锯齿状SF SpotfaceSFT Shaft 轴SGL Single 单个SH Sheet 纸SI Intl System of UnitsSL Slide 使滑动SLV Sleeve 袖子SOC Socket 插座SP Space,Spaced,Spare 空间SPL Special 特别SPEC Specification 规格SPG Spring 跳SPHER Spherical 球体SPRKT Sprocket 链轮齿SQ Square 平方SST Stainless Steel 纯铁STD Standard 标准STK Stock 存货STL Steel 铁STR Straight,Strip 直的SUB Substitute 替代物SUP Supply,Support 供应SURF Surface 表面SYM Symmetrical 对称的SYS System 系统T Teeth,Tooth 牙齿TECH Technical 技术TEMP Template,Temporary 模板,暂时的THD Thread 线THK Thick 厚的TOL Tolerance 公差TOT Total 总计TPF Taper per FootTPI Taper per In,Threads per InchTPR Taper 锥形TS Tool SteelTYP Typical 典型UNC Unified Natl CoarseUNEF Unified Natl Extra FineUNF Unified Natl FineUNIV Universal 普遍VAR Variable 变量VERT Vertical 垂直的VOL V olume 音量VS Versus 与..相对W Wide,Width 宽度WASH Washer 洗衣机WDF Woodruff 车叶草WI Wrought Iron 熟铁WT Weight 重量齿轮及齿轮加工中英文对照-A部分A.1. abrasive tooth wear 齿面研磨磨损2. absolute tangential velocity 绝对切向速度3. accelerometer 加速表4. addendum 齿顶高5. addendum angle 齿顶角6. addendum circle 齿顶圆7. addendum surface 上齿面8. adhesive wear 粘着磨损9. adjustability 可调性10. adjustability coefficients 可调系数11. adjusting wedge 圆盘端铣刀的可调型楔块12. allowable stress 允许应力13. alternate blade cutter 双面刀盘14. angular backlash 角侧隙15. angular bevel gears 斜交锥齿轮16. angular displacement 角移位17. angular pitch 齿端距18. angular testing machine 可调角度试验机19. approach action 啮入20. arbor 心轴21. arbor distance 心轴距22. arc of approach 啮入弧23. arc of recess 啮出弧24. attraction 收紧25. average cutter diameter 平均刀尖直径26. axial displacement 轴向位移27. axial factor 轴向系数28. axial locating surface 轴向定位面29. axial pitch 轴向齿距30. axial plane 轴向平面31. axial rakeangle 轴向前角32. axial thrust 轴向推力33. axle testing machine 传动桥试验机07484473lhx0812发表于:07-03-13 17:21 [只看该作者] 第4楼Piping work: 铺管工程Steam trace: 加热蒸汽管道Cutting: 切割socket weld 承插焊接fillet weld 角焊,填角焊branch connection 分支接续fabrication tolerance .制造容差local heat treatment 局部热处理threaded pipe 螺纹管seal welding 密封焊接flange joint 凸缘接头undercut 底切feeder 馈电线conduit outlet 电线引出口seal fitting 密封接头, 密封配件Screw thread lubricant 螺纹润滑剂Seal 绝缘层weld reinforcement 焊缝补强lock washer 锁紧[止动, 防松]垫圈electrical panel 配电板,配电盘nipple 螺纹接头zinc plated 镀锌的ring joint 环接, 围缘接合bolt 螺栓control 控制器National Electrical Code 全国电气规程master schedule 主要图表, 综合图表, 设计任务书, 主要作业表torque wrench 转矩扳手job site 施工现场flange connection 凸缘联接Hard hat 安全帽Goggles 护目镜Stockpile 贮存packing list 装箱单crate 柳条箱purchased material list 原材料进货单back-feed 反馈wire coil 线盘线卷NPT thread 美国标准锥管螺纹cable gland 电缆衬垫terminal block 线弧, 接头排接线盒, 接线板, 线夹power drill 机械钻connector 接线器insulated sleeve 绝缘套管wire connector 接线器wire terminal 电线接头control wiring 控制线路motor lead 电动机引出线power wiring 电力布线tender document 提供证件orifice plate 挡板nut 螺母flange gasket 法兰垫片dimensional inspection 尺寸检验burn through 烧蚀piping system 管道系统reinforcement of weld 加强焊缝械专业词汇表"机械(常用)""abrasion, abrasive wear","磨料磨损""active force, applied force","作用力""actual size","实际尺寸""addendum angle","齿顶角""addendum","齿顶高""addendum modification","径向变位""addendum modification (for external gears)","径向变位量" "addendum modification coefficient","径向变位系数""additive ","添加剂""adhesion wear","黏着磨损""adjusted rating life","修正额定寿命""aerodynamic bearing","气体静压滑动轴承""air spring","空气弹簧""angle drive","角度传动""angle of contact","包角""angle of transmission","作用角""angular bevel gear ","斜交锥齿轮""angular contact bearing","角接触推力轴承""angular contact bearing","角接触轴承""anti-friction bearing material","减磨轴承材料""approach, engaging-in","啮入""archimedes spiral","阿基米德螺线""attitude angle","偏位角""auto-controlled clutch","自控离合器""axial load factor","轴向载荷系数""axial modification","齿向修形""axial module","轴向模数""axial pitch","轴向齿距""axial plane","轴平面""axial plane of wormwheel","蜗轮轴平面""axial profile","轴向齿廓""back cone","背锥面""back cone angle","背锥角""back cone distance","中点锥距""back cone tooth profile","背锥齿廓""back to back arrangement (rolling bearing)","背对背配置(滚动轴承)" "balancing mass","平衡质量""ball oscillating teeth","滚珠活齿""ball screw","滚珠丝杠""ball screw","滚珠丝杠""ball bearing","球轴承""band brake","带式制动器""base circle","基圆""base helix","基圆螺旋线""base tangent length","公法线长度""basic profile","基本牙型""basic rack","基本齿条""basic rack tooth profile","基本齿廓""basic rating life","基本额定寿命""basic size","基本尺寸""bath lubrication","油浴润滑""bathtub curve","浴盆曲线""bearing","轴承""bearing axial load","轴承轴向载荷""bearing bore diameter","轴承内径""bearing bush","轴套""Bearing characteristic number","轴承特性系数""bearing liner","轴承衬""bearing load carrying capacity","轴承承载能力""bearing mean specific load","轴承压强""bearing outside diameter","轴承外径""bearing radial load","轴承径向载荷""bearing ring","轴承套圈""bearing series (rolling bearing)","轴承系列(滚动轴承)""bearing width","轴承宽度""bearing with solid lubricant","固体润滑滑动轴承""belleville spring","碟形弹簧""belt drive","带传动""belt length","带长""bending vibration","弯曲振动""bevel gear","锥齿轮""bevel gear with axes at right angles","正交锥齿轮""bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile","双重锥度齿锥齿轮" "bevel gear with circular arc tooth profile","圆弧齿廓锥齿轮" "bevel gear with standard taoered tooth profile","正常锥度齿锥齿轮" "bevel gear with straight tooth profile","直线齿廓锥齿轮""bevel gear wuth 90° face angle","平顶齿轮""block brake","块式制动器""block chain","块链""bobed bearing","多油叶滑动轴承""bolt","螺栓""bottom clearance","顶隙""bottom land","齿槽底面""boundary dimension (rolling bearing)","外形尺寸(滚动轴承)" "boundary lubrication ","边界摩擦""brake","制动器""brake drum","制动鼓""brake lining","制动衬片""brake piece","制动块""brake shoe","制动蹄""brake-band clutch","闸带离合器""bush chain","套筒链""cage","保持架""cam","凸轮""cam contour, cam profile","凸轮工作轮廓""cam follower","凸轮从动件""cam pitch curve","凸轮理论轮廓""Cavitation wear","气蚀磨损""center distance","中心距""center distance modification coefficient","中心距变动系数""center gear","中心轮""centric slider-crank mechanism","对心曲柄滑块机构""centrifugal clutch","离心离合器""centrifugal tension","离心拉力""centrifugal force","离心力""centrode mechanism","瞬心线机构""Ceramic friction material ","金属陶瓷""chain","链条""chain coupling","链条联轴器""chain transmission","链传动""chainwheel, sprocket","链轮""chordal height","弦齿高""circular arc profile","圆弧齿廓""circular helix","圆柱螺旋线""circular-arc gear","圆弧圆柱齿轮""Circulating lubrication","循环润滑""circumferential backlash","圆周侧隙""classical V-belt","普通V带""clearance fit","间隙配合""clevis pin with head","销轴""clutch ","离合器""coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio","行程速度变化系数" "combined spring","组合弹簧""common apex ","公共锥顶""compensator (hydrostatic bearing)","补偿器(静压轴承〕""compost bearing material","复合轴承材料""compound planetary gear train","组合行星齿轮系""compound hinges, multiple hinges","复合铰链""concave side","凹面""cone pulley","锥轮""conical pin , taper pin","圆锥销""conical spiral","圆锥螺旋线""conical spring","截锥螺旋弹簧""conjugate flank","共轭齿面""conjugate profile","共轭齿廓""connecting link","联接链节"。
中国科协调查显示国内科研经费仅40%用于项目
核心提示:据中国科协调查显示:国内科研资金用于项目本身仅占40%左右,大量科研经费流失在项目之外。
一名中科院院士表示科研经费成了部分科研人员的“圈钱”法宝。
部分科研人员拿到科研经费后巧立名目地花钱,甚至于据为己有。
一个月前,财政部、科技部发出《关于调整国家科技计划和公益性行业科研专项经费管理办法若干规定的通知》,《通知》的核心内容,是要强化预算编制、严格评估评审,结余资金上交。
同时,对非涉密课题预算进行公示,探索课题绩效的公示制度。
“头痛医脚,脚痛医头,纯粹走过场的,下多少个通知也没用。
”10月30日,中国社科院西部地区某研究所任高(化名)表示,科研经费怎么花,实际上都是公开的秘密。
作为一名老科研人员,任高对于科技界一些潜规则颇感无奈。
她说,大家都这么做,你不做,就显得另类了,再者领导也不会相信你。
科研经费的使用,诸如扩大开支范围、擅自调整预算、突击购买设备等屡见不鲜。
2010年,仅国家审计署查出的资金就达数亿元。
中国科协一项调查显示:科研资金用于项目本身仅占40%左右,大量科研经费流失在项目之外。
接受本报采访的一名不愿意透露姓名的中科院院士表示,早几年,中国科技投入不足,是制约科技创新的一大瓶颈。
如今钱到位了,但是有限的钱却没有花在刀刃上,成了部分科研人员的“圈钱”法宝。
海淀区检察院一要求匿名的工作人员称,2003年至今,该院共立案侦查科研经费领域职务犯罪17件,涉案人员21人,其中,贪污、挪用类犯罪较为集中,涉案人员不少为高级知识分子。
项目老板
“竞争,哪儿都是竞争,表面是为了项目,实际都是为了钱。
”55岁的中南某大学驻京办主任肖文凯说,都说高校驻京办跑项目,跑钱,其实跑得最厉害的还是搞科研的。
肖文凯说,由于科研人员的收入和获得经费不成比例,再加上有些科研单位的绩效工资都是从经费里开,所以大家都动这个脑筋。
以肖所在的学校为例,大学讲师一个月的收入才3000元,副教授4000不到。
而科研所的工资,刨去科研经费里的绩效工资,基本工资也就四五千。
而中国科学院党组副书记方新接受采访时公开表示,现在的经费可以去买科研设备、去做事情,但是不能给人,这个问题仍没有解决。
国家自然科学基金委员会政策局局长韩宇透露,在我国科研经费投入中,劳务使用情况占23.6%,而发达国家的比例则达45%。
我国科研人员人均每年劳务成本约为日本的1/12,韩国的1/6。
任高直言,节节攀升的物价和工资不成正比,所以大家也就一根筋地想着法儿搞项目,搞科研。
因为钱到手后,怎么花是自己说了算。
此外,在科研领域里,中国目前还没有一部关于科研项目立项、审批、经费使用、监管责任的系统法律。
立法的缺失,直接导致科研项目管理的混乱。
而科研项目管理又呈现出“政出多门、各自为政”的局面,各经费来源单位对自己主管的科研项目都制定办法,各高等院校、科研所也制定管理制度,管理制度的不统一造成不同科研单位管理规定不协调和冲突,造成了客观上纵容了科研腐败问题的发生。
另外,一些有身份和名望的老师也会利用自己的人脉关系,到处跑项目、揽课题。
跑到项目后,再找一些老师共同研发,按需支付部分劳务费后,剩余的全部落入个人小金库。
而那些跟着导师做科研课题的博士生,也能从科研经费里拿到一些酬劳。