四种时态总结一、一般现在时标志词：always总是usually通常often经常sometimes有时never从不every每一行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化,其他人称第一人称：I, we；第二人称：you；第三人称复数：they、my friends动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时,一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律：1、多数在动词后加s play—plays like—likes ,2、以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es wash–washes catch–catches do–does3、以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加es fly—flies study—studies4、以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s buy – buys5、不规则变化have—has一般现在时基本用法功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态; 如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的;2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作; 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床;3.表示客观现实; 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转;The earth is round.构成1. be动词：主语+beam,is,are+其它;如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩;2.行为动词：主语+行为动词+其它;如：We study English.我们学习英语;句型肯定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + 其它成分He is a worker.B.行为动词：主语+动词注意人称变化+其它成分We like the little cat.否定句：A.be动词：主语+ be + not +其它成分They are not students.B.行为动词：主语+助动词do/does + not +动词原形+其它成分We don’t like the little cat.一般疑问句：A.be动词：Am / Is /Are +主语+ 其它成分Are you a teacher Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.B.行为动词：助动词Do/Does+主语+动词原形+ 其它成分Do you like it Yes, I do. / No. I don’t .Does heshe like it Yes, he she does. / No, he she doesn’t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句A.be动词：How many students are there in your schoolB.行为动词：What do you usually do on Sunday一般现在时动词be和have的变化形式1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 用法：第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其它人称用are;2.动词have的用法：第三人称单数用has以外,其它人称一律用have;如:注意事项 1.在英国,人们常用have got代替have,特别在疑问句和否定句中;2.当have如果不表示“有”时,构成疑问或否定句时,就借助于助动词do, does如：I have a new pen . 否：I have not a new pen. 表示有I have lunch at 12 o’clock. 否：I don’t have lunch at 12 o’clock. 表示吃二．现在进行时：标志词：now, look, listen,It’s+时间.现在进行时: 表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构：ambe is + 动词ingare肯定句：主语+ be动词am, are, is+ 现在分词ing+ 其他I am watching TV.否定句：主语+ be动词+ not + 现在分词ing+ 其他I am not watching TV.一般疑问句：Be动词Am, Are, Is + 主语+ 现在分词ing+ 其他Are you watching TV Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句What are you doing动词的-ing形式的变化规律：1. 直接加-ing watch—watching clean—cleaning2. 以-y结尾的动词,直接加-ing study—studying play—playing3. 以不发音的-e结尾的动词,先去-e再加-ing make—making come—coming4. 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,双写末尾字母,再加-ing cut—cutting三、一般将来时的用法：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态;标志词：tomorrow明天,the day after tomorrow后天,next 下一个,from now on从现在开始,in the future将来,soon不久等结构：1 beam,is ,are +going to+动词原形 2 will+动词原形“be going to+动词原形打算…”=”will+动词原形将,会…”I’m going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.be going to着重于事先考虑好will 未事先考虑好----一般不用考虑肯定句：主语+ be am, are, is going to + 动词原形.主语+ will + 动词原形否定句：主语+ be am, are, is not going to + 动词原形.主语+won’t + 动词原形.一般疑问句：Be Am, Are, Is + 主语+ going to + 动词原形Will + 主语+ 动词原形特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 一般疑问句注意：will 常简略为'll,并与主语连写在一起,如：I'll,he'll,it'll,we'll,you'll,they'll;四、一般过去时标志词：yesterday昨天, last 上一个, this morning今天早上,ago以前,before 在…之前, in 2002在2002年等用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用;也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed 如：watch-watched, cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d 如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如：study-studied5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave…句型：1、Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am 和is 变为was; 否定was not=wasn’t⑵are变为were; 否定were not=weren’t否定句：在was或were后加not一般疑问句：把was或were调到句首;2、行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句：didn’t + 动词原形如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加Did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形如：Did Jim go home yesterday 特殊疑问句：1疑问词+did+主语+动词原形如: What did Jim do yesterday2疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式如：Who went to home yesterday附录：小学常用不规则动词过去式一、不规则动词的过去式的构成1．把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式;如：begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,s wim—swam2．把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式;如：drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew,变成过去式;如：draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw动词show除外,show—showed4．动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式;如：get—got,forget—forgot5．动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式;如：feed—fed,meet—met6．动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式;如：keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept7．动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式;如：break—broke,speak—spoke8．动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式;如：sell—sold,tell—told9．动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式;如：stand—stood,understand—understood10．以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式;如：bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式;如：can—could,shall—should,will—would12．把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式;如：come—came,become—became13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变;如：hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant 〔ment〕14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样;如：let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕二．不规则动词表原形过去式中文释义am was 是表示存在、状态等are were 是表示存在、状态等become became 成为；变成begin began 开始break broke 打破bring brought 拿来；取来；带来build built 构筑；建造；建筑buy bought 购买；买can could 可以；能；可能；会catch caught 赶上车船等；捕获come came 来；来到cut cut 切；割；削；剪do/does did 做；干；行动draw drew 画drink drank 喝；饮drive drove 开车；驾驶eat ate 吃feel felt 感到；觉得find found 寻找；查找fly flew 飞行forget forgot 忘记；忘却get got 变得give gave 给；授予go went 去have/has had 得病；患病；有；吃；饮hear heard 听见；听说hide hid 隐藏is was 是表示存在、状态等keep kept 保持；使保持某种状态know knew 知道；了解leave left 离去；出发let let 允许；让lose lost 失去；丧失make made 使；促使；迫使；做；制作may might 可能；可以mean meant 表示……的意思；作……的解释meet met 遇见；相逢put put 放；摆；装read read /e/ 读；阅读ride rode 骑ring rang 铃响rise rose 上升run ran 跑；奔跑say said 说；讲see saw 看见send sent 发送；寄；派；遣set set 放, 置show showed 出示；给……看shut shut 关上门、盖、窗户等sing sang 唱；唱歌sit sat 坐sleep slept 睡；睡觉speak spoke 说；说话swim swam 游泳take took 搭乘；花费时间；拿走；带到teach taught 教；讲授tell told 告诉；讲述think thought 想；思考will would 将要win won 赢；获胜write wrote 书写小学英语语法词性总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时,用形容词或副词的最高级;比较级二者比较,标志词：than最高级三者以上比较,标志词：the形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：1. 单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest2. 以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest3. 以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-estbusy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest4. 形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest5. 多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful6. 以ly结尾的副词一般加more或most slowly—more slowly—most slowly7. 不规则变化good well- better-best bad badly-worse-worst little-less-leastfar-farther-further manymuch- more – most形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法：比较级：1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + 形容词比较级+ than + 物体BI am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词+ 副词比较级+ than + 物体B.He studies better than me.最高级：1、形容词：物体A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级+ 比较范围of + 人/物,in + 地方.I am the tallest in the class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词：物体A + 行为动词+ 副词最高级+ 比较范围of + 人/物,in + 地方.Cheetahs run fastest in the world. He studies best of us.表示两者对比相同：主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as+从句This box is as big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one.I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级练习一1.A pig is __ than a dog.A. much heavyB. more heavierC much heavier D. more heavy2.－－Which is __ season in Beijing－－I think it’s spring.A. goodB. wellC. bestD. the best3. The city is becoming ______.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler4.Which does Alice like _____ , Chinese or ArtA. wellB. bestC. betterD. much5.The Changjiang River is one of ____ in the world.A. the longest riverB. longest riversC. the longest riversD. longer rivers6.LiMing speaks Chinese _____ better than me.A. veryB. moreC. a lot ofD. much7.There are____boys in Class Two than in Class Four.A. moreB. manyC. mostD. best8.Who has _____ oranges now, Jim, Lily or LucyA. muchB. biggestC. betterD. the most9.Mother is _____ in my family.A. busyB. busierC. the busiestD. more10.No one is _____ Lucy in the class.A. so tallest asB. as taller asC. so high asD. as tall as二写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______ far____ _____quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________三用所给词的正确形式填空：1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ clever.2. Gold黄金is ______ little useful than iron铁.3. My sister is two years _______ old than I.4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ young child.5. The _____ cheap bags are the not usually the best ones.6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five.7. The boy is not so ______ interesting as his brother.8. Dick sings _____ well, she sings ______well than John, but Mary sings______wellin her class.9. She will be much ______ happy in her mew house.10. This dress is ______ that.twice, as…as…, expensive参考答案：一C D C C C D A D C D二longer longest wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer fewestmore brightly, most brightly worse, worstfurther,furthest more quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest unhappier unhappiest三clever lessOlder youngestCheapest the mostInteresting well, better, the bestHappier twice as expensive as二、情态动词情态动词的定义：情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语;情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后加动词原形;can 能够,会may 可以shall 将,要should 应该must 必须havehasto 不得不had better 最好情态动词的用法：情态动词肯定句否定句can 主语+ can + 动词原形主语+ can + not + 动词原形may 主语+ may + 动词原形主语+ may + not + 动词原形shall 主语+ shall + 动词原形主语+ shall + not + 动词原形should 主语+ should + 动词原形主语+ should + not + 动词原形must 主语+ must + 动词原形主语+ must + not + 动词原形havehasto 主语+ havehasto + 动词原形主语+ don’tdoesn’t+havehasto + 动词原形had better 主语+ had better + 动词原形主语+ had better + not + 动词原形情态动词疑问句肯定回答否定回答can Can + 主语+动词原形Yes, ～can. No, ～can’t.may May + 主语+动词原形Yes, ～may. / Sure. No, ～may not.shall Shall + 主语+动词原形Yes, please. / All right. No, le t’s not.should Should +主语+动词原形Yes, ～should. No, ～shouldn’t.must Must + 主语+动词原形Yes, ～must. No, ～needn’t.havehasto Do does+主语+Yes, ～do does. No, ～don’t doesn’t.have to +动词原形had better ／／／三、名词复数规则1．一般情况下,直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese改fe为ve加s口诀1树叶半数自己黄妻子拿刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼就像小偷逃命忙2常用不规则名词复数形式foot-feet 脚man-men 男人woman-women 女人tooth-teeth 牙mouse-mice 老鼠goose-geese 鹅child-children 小孩3单复数同形fish 鱼li 里jin 斤yuan 元mu 亩sheep 羊deer 小鹿Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人means 手段单复名词同形：中国人日本人都爱绵羊鹿和鱼.高频考点man woman 作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式two men doctors 两位男医生many women leaders 很多女领导4只有复数形式,没有单数形式trousers 裤子clothes 衣服shorts 短裤goods 商品glasses 眼镜shoes 鞋5常用不可数名词advice 建议baggage 行李bread 面包rain 雨steel 钢gold 金sand 沙grass 草glass 玻璃oil 油paper 纸butter 黄油salt 盐beauty 漂亮change 零钱information 信息smoke water 水homework 作业cloth 布food 食品money 钱tea 茶snow 雪wealth 财富furniture 家具cotton 棉花rice 大米fruit 水果milk 牛奶四、介词口诀：介词的用法早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分;年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in;将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in;有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in;特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in;介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分;日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论;着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准;特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词;年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in;步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in;at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心;工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因;就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分;海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man;this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one;接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯;over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关;‘beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反;besides,except分内外,among之内along沿;同类比较except,加for异类记心间;原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分;before、after表一点, ago、later表一段;before能接完成时,ago过去极有限;since以来during间,since时态多变换;与之相比beside,除了last but one;复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞;快到、对、向t owards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南;but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言;ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合;之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全;in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前;五、代词的用法.形容词性物主代词my your his her its our their 名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours theirs反身代词myselfyourself/yourselveshimself herself itself ourselves themselves主格：一般放在句子前,做主语.宾格：一般放在动词,介词for、to、of…后.形容词性物主代词：修饰名词,放在名词前.名词性物主代词：代表名词,后不跟名词.反身代词及其一般用法反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气;反身代词的分类1．第一人称单数：myself 我自己复数：ourselves 我们自己2．第二人称单数：yourself 你自己复数：yourselves 你们自己3．第三人称单数：himself 他自己herself 她自己itself 它自己复数：themselves 他们自己、她们自己、它们自己反身代词在句子中的用法1．作表语She's not herself today. 她今天跟平常真是判若两人;2．作宾语Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼;3．作介宾I learned English by myself. 我自学英语;4．作同位语He can do that himself. 他自己能做那件事;There be 有,表示存在;There is+单数、不可数名词There are+复数“There be” 句型结构：肯定句：“ There be+ 主语某人/ 某物+ 某地There isa boy in the room.否定句：“There be + not any+ 主语+ 某地There aren't any books on the desk. 一般疑问句：“Be is、are there +any+ 主语+ 某地“Yes , there is / are.” “No, there isn't / aren't. ”It +be谈论天气“ It's going to rain.”说到时间“It's time to go to school.”距离远近“It's far to get there.”情况程度“It's hard to learn.”六、连词的用法一、并列连词：1. and 连接单词My brother and I study in the same school.连接短语Our knowledge may come from the books and from practice.连接句子We are singing and they are dancing.2. but 但是/而是I have a pen but no pencil.or 或者Will you go there by bus or on foot3.nothing but 除了,只有I did nothing but watch it.4.or表示否则Hurry up or you will be late.5.for 表示因为He is good at math for he studies harder than others.6.still 表示后句概念由前句转折而来The weather is very cold, still we needn’t wear more clothes.7.not only…but also 不仅…而且可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子主语并列时,谓语要就近一致Not only he but also I am a teacher.8.as well as 以及,同样并列单词、短语、句子;并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变化He works as well as he can9.either…or 既…又…,或…或…并列主、谓、宾、表及状语Either come in or go out.10.neither…nor 既不…也不并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一致Neither you nor he speaks French.12.both…and 和,既…也并列主、谓、宾及表语I can play both football and basketball.13.nor 也不,引导句子要倒装He can not speak English, nor can I.You like apples, so do I.二、从属连词：1. after 表示“时间”,在…之后After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.2.although/though 表示让步, “尽管”Although she is young, she knows a lot.3.as 表示时间,“当…时”,方式“象…”,原因,“由于、因为”让步,“尽管、虽然”As it was late, we must go now.4.as if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像”He told is such a story as though he had been there before.5.as long as/so long as 表条件,“只要”As long as I am free, I’ll go to help you.6.as soon as 表时间,“一…就…”I will phone you as soon as I come back.7.because 表原因,“因为”I have to stay in bed because I am ill.8.before 表时间,“在…之前“You should think more before you do it.9.even if/ even though 表让步,“即使”You should try again even if you failed.10.hardly…when 表时间,“刚一…就”Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.11.if “假如”,引导条件状语从句What should I do net if the rain doesn’t stop“是否”,引导宾语从句I don’t know if he comes back or not.12.In case 表目的,“以防,以免”You should be more careful in case there is a fire.13.In order that 表目的,“为了,以便”We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.14.no matter +疑问词表让步,“无论,不管”No matter what you do, you should try your best.15.no sooner…than 表时间,“刚一…就…”No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.16.now that 表原因,“既然,因为,由于”Now that you are on duty,you should clean the classroom. 17.once 表时间,“一旦…”Once you promise , you should do it.三、其他1.since 表时间,“自从…以来”He has been in this company since he left school.表原因,“既然,由于”Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.2.so far as/as far as 表条件,“就…而言,就…而论”As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.3.so that 表目的“以便”Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.表结果“如此,以致”He got up so late that he missed the bus.4.than 表示比较,“比”Things were worse than we thought.5.that 无词义,引导名词性从句It is dangerous that we walk on the thin ice.引导定语从句和状语从句She hurried that she might not be late for work.6.unless 表条件,“除非,如果不”I will go to the zoo unless it rains.7.Until/till 表时间,“直到…为止”I’ll wait till he comes back.8.when 表时间,“当…时“When they got there, the train has left.9.whether “是否”引导名词性从句Whether he can some to see us is unknown.表让步,“不管/无论、是否”Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy.10.while 表时间,“当…时”While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.表让步,“尽管,既然”While I find the problems very difficult, I don’t think them insoluble.11.whenever 表时间,“无论什么时候”Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.。
