八年级英语句型及语法(英语现在完成时)及答案解析百度文库

初中语法现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has提前对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。

那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。

其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。

而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。

弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。

它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。

She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。

2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。

1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。

例如：He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。

）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。

）He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。

外研版英语八年级英语句型及语法(英语现在完成时)及答案解析百度文库一、初中英语现在完成时1．He ___________ for ten years.A. has been marriedB. marriedC. got marriedD. has married【答案】A【解析】【分析】在现在完成时态里，当出现for+段时间时，短暂性动词必须换成延续性动词。

get married需换成be married。

故选A。

【点评】该题考查的是对现完时态中的短暂性动词与延续性动词动词的掌握，这一块内容是中考的重难点，考试频率占时态考查题的一半以上。

学生必须牢记这两种词的转换及转换条件。

2．—Do you still play basketball?—Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years.A. haven't playedB. didn't playC. won't playD. hadn't played【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。

我已经有两年没有打过了。

根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。

【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。

3．His cat has ________ for five weeks.A. diedB. been deadC. dyingD. dies【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：他的猫已经死了5个星期了。

die是短暂性动词，不能表示状态的延续。

由时间状语 for five weeks可知应用延续性动词,故答案选B。

【点评】考查现在完成时。

4．Great changes in my hometown in the last few years.A. took placeB. will take placeC. have taken placeD. have been taken place 【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：过去几年我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

知识梳理【教材原句】1. I have just eaten it. 我刚吃过。

2. I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自从出生就住在这儿。

3. My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice. 我爸爸去成都出差过两次。

4. I know you’ve gone to Hainan. 我知道你去海南了。

5. We haven’t seen each other since last week.自从上周我们就没见过面。

【概念】现在完成时表示已经完成的动作，或者表示过去的动作对现在有影响，或一直持续到现在的动作。

构成：have /has + 过去分词否定句：have/has + not+ 过去分词一般疑问句：Have/Has+…+过去分词…?【用法】1. 现在完成时表示已经完成的动作，可以和already, just或yet等连用，表示某动作已经完成、刚完成或还没完成。

already用于肯定句，放在have / has之后或句末，yet用于否定句和疑问句，位于句末或not之后。

【例句】He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。

【考题链接】The man has already finished his work. (改为否定句和一般疑问句)否定句：___________________________________________一般疑问句：_______________________________________答案：The man hasn’t finished his work yet. Has the man finished his work yet?2. 现在完成时可以和ever和never 连用，表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。

第4讲现在完成时入门测( )1. I ______at this school for two years already.A. am studyingB. studyC. studiedD. have studied ( )2. They ______in the city since last summer.A. liveB. didn’t liveC. have livedD. live( )3. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou ______1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in( )4. She ______as an animal trainer since 2003.A. has workedB. worksC. will workD. have worked ( )5.---Would you like ______ some coffee?---No, thanks. I______ some.A. have; already haveB. had; just hadC. having; have hadD. to have; have already had【参考答案】1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D情景导入Teacher：“When did you go to Shenzhen Middle School?”Students：“We went to Shenzhen Middle School two years ago.”Teacher：“Are you still studying here?”Students：“Yes, we are.”Teacher：“So you have studied in Shenzhen Middle School l for two years.” Teacher：“And Miss Mary has taught you English for two years.”学习目标1. To learn the structure and key points of present perfect.2. To learn how to use present perfect.3. Attract students’ interest to English learning.知识精讲现在完成时的用法和标志一、概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

英语现在完成时答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析一、初中英语现在完成时1．—Where's your father?—He _______ to Changsha.A. have beenB. has goneC. has beenD. have gone【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——你爸爸在哪？——他去了长沙。

因为父亲不在，证明他去了某个地方没有回来。

之前发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has，go的过去分词是gone，故选B。

【点评】考查现在完成时，注意去过某地用have/has been to，去了某地用have/has gone to。

2．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.A. was workingB. is workingC. has workedD. will work【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。

由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。

【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。

3．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?—Because I all my money on an MP5.A. spendB. have spentC. am spendingD. was spending【答案】 B【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。

强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。

初中时态：现在完成时一．概念现在完成时表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态。

二．现在完成时的构成现在完成时的句式肯定句主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他否定句主语+have/has not+动词过去分词+其他一般疑问句Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Who+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？规则动词的过去式变化1.一般在词尾加“-ed”：help-helped、clean-cleaned2.以不发音的e结尾的词在词尾加“-ed”：like-liked、live-lived3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾时，加“-ed”；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾时，变y为i，再加“-ed”:play-played、stay-stayed; study-studied、carry-carried4、以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个字母加“-ed”：stop-stopped、trip-tripped三．现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生并已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响：I have heard of the man.2.过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，且又可能还会持续的动作或状态：I have lived in this city since I was born.四．常与一般现在时连用的时间状语already,yet(常用于否定句和疑问句中表示“仍，还”),before, recently,never,ever,once,twice等。

I have already finished my homework.固定的短语：for+一段时间，since+过去时间点+ago，so far, up to now,in the past/last three yearsI have been here since two months ago.五．难点拓展1.since和for的区别since用来说明动作的起始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。

八年级上册中英语现在完成时的用法归纳总结及解析一、选择题1．— I think the man over there must be Douglas.— It ________ be him. He has ________ to Australia.A．can’t, gone B．can’t, been C．may not, been D．mustn’t, gone 2．—Have you been to the Robot Restaurant in our city?—No. Althou gh it _________ for more than a year, I’m far too busy to go there.A．has started B．has been on C．has been open D．has opened 3．—What do you think of the latest 5G smart phone?— It's amazing. It is the most wonderful phone I ________.A．used B．will use C．was using D．have used 4．— I remember that Mr.Green once traveled broad.— Not only Mr.Green but also his daughters ______ abroad twice.A．have gone B．have been C．has gone D．has been 5．— When did the Mixc Shopping Center open? — It ________ for nearly half a year. A．has opened B．has been open C．was opened D．had been open 6．Sarah is only 15 years old, but she ________ the Tennis Club for three years. A．joined B．has joined C．has been in D．was 7．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?—The Fate of the Furious. We ________ here for more than two hours.A．waited B．wait C．were waiting D．have waited 8．—When did you buy your car? It looks so new.—Really? I ________ it for three years and I like it very much.A．have bought B．have had C．bought D．had9．Lisa ________ her homework yet. I am afraid she can't go to the park with you. A．didn't finish B．hasn't finished C．wasn't finishing D．won't finish 10．What a pity! My new computer__________ a virus and it can't work now. A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught 11．—Where is your uncle? I haven't seen him for a long time.—He Shanghai for about half a year. He moved there last October.A．has gone to B．has been to C．has arrived in D．has been in 12．—Sorry, I’m late. There’s too much traffic on the road.—It doesn’t matter. The film has just_______for five minutes.A．begun B．finished C．been on D．been over 13．Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________ what's happened to him.A．will know B．know C．have known D．are knowing 14．—Do you know Sunshine Town very well， Mr Chen？—Sure． I____here since I was born.A．has lived B．lived C．have lived D．lives 15．— Would you like to see the film The Wondering Earth with me?—I’m sorry I __________it twice.A．see B．have seen C．am seeing D．saw16．Mary said that she________ to Yangzhou.A．has never gone B．had never gone C．has never been D．had never been 17．— Where is your son Jimmy living now?— He________the city of Yangzhou, China for two years.A．has come to B．has been to C．has gone to D．has been in18．I think my father knows everything. He is my hero, he________ over 2500 books. A．reads B．read C．is reading D．has read 19．—James. Have you ever been to Yangzhou? It’s very beautiful, and people there are welcome.—Yes, I ________ there many times.A．have gone B．have been C．have been to D．have gone to 20．—Why don’t you go to bed, Jimmy?— Mum promised to tell me a bedtime story, but she ______ her work.A．doesn’t finish B．didn’t finish C．hasn’t finished D．won’t finish 21．The boy in red ___________ the football club for 3 years. He can play football very well now. A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was in22．My deskmate was once a top student but she behind since she began to play online games. A．has fallen B．fell C．has felt D．has been23．一How can you start playing games so soon, Tom?一 I ______ my homework, Mom.A．finished B．have finished C．will finish D．finish24．The life we were used to_________ greatly since the computer was invented.A．has changed B．changed C．changing D．change25．—Are you still in the office? It’s almost ten o’clock.—Yeah, I ________ my work. But don’t worry. There’s nothing much left.A．don’t finish B．didn’t finish C．won’t finish D．haven’t finished 26．—John, you ________ the Slender West Lake before, right?—Sure, lot of times. Are you thinking of taking a trip there?A．have gone to B．have come to C．have been to D．have been in 27．—Sorry, I’m late. Has the meeting begun?—It doesn’t matter. The meeting ________ for several minutes.A．has just begun B．has just been overC．has just been on D．has just ended28．—Would you like to watch the film Fast and Furious 9 tonight?— Sure. I still want to see it again although I ________ it already.A．watch B．will watch C．was watching D．have watched 29．—How long ________ you ________ chemistry so far?—For almost one year.A．are; studying B．do; study C．have; studied D．will; study30．Mr. Wu ________ Germany since three years ago, so he knows a lot about the German culture and customs.A．has gone to B．went to C．has been to D．has been in 31．—Bill Gates and Melinda Ga tes, two of the world’s richest people, said “we no longer believe we can grow together as a couple”.—I am so sorry to hear that because they ________ for nearly 30 years.A．have been married B．have got married C．have got married to D．have been married with32．—Jim, I haven’t seen your elder sister for a long time.—She ________ Hong Kong on business for a few days.A．went to B．has gone to C．has been to D．has been in 33．— Where is Jim?—He ________ Beijing on business for a week. He’ll be back tomorrow.A．has come to B．has gone to C．has been to D．has been in 34．— Where is the head teacher?— She ________ to the library to search for some information.A．goes B．will go C．has been D．has gone 35．Online learning ________ very popular with students since last year.A．has become B．are becoming C．would become D．had become 36．—Have you ever worked in Nanjing?—Yes. I ________ in Nanjing since three years ago.A．would work B．worked C．was working D．have worked 37．The manager reached Nanjing last Wednesday. He________there for 10 days.A．has been B．has got C．has reached D．has arrived 38．—Hello, Jack. This is Sandy. What are you doing?—I’m watching an exciting basketball match. It _______ for half an hour.A．begins B．began C．has begun D．has been on 39．The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, as the world’s longest cross-sea bridge, ________ for over one and a half years.A．has opened B．has been open C．has been opened D．opened 40．—Fou Ts’ong, whose letters from his father ________ a best seller in China for long, died in London, where he had lived for many years. The cause was the coronavirous.—What a pity!A．has been B．has become C．was D．becomes41．In the sentence “I have bought a new bicycle, so I can ride to school now.”, we use present perfect tense to tell ________.A．the result of a past actionB．actions that happened in the pastC．actions that happened at a certain time in the pastD．how many times an action has happened till now42．He ________ in that city since he left school. It’s his second hometown.A．has lived B．will live C．was living D．lives43．So far, 5G technology, which is developed by Huawei, _______ a lot. Soon it’ll be widely used in China.A．is improving B．are improved C．has improved D．improved 44．—Have you been to SuNing Plaza in our city?—No. Although it ________ for more than a week, I am far too busy to go there.A．has started B．has opened C．has been open D．has been on 45．William Shakespeare ________ for 405 years, but his works still have great influence today. A．died B．was dying C．has died D．has been dead 46．The movie Hi, Mom________ the hearts of many people since it was shown in February. A．wins B．won C．will win D．has won 47．—Look! How dry and clean the road is!—Yes. Someone ________ up the snow. They’re so early.A．clean B．cleaned C．has cleaned D．was cleaning 48．—Why are you in a hurry?—I am late. Can you tell me how long _______?A．has the film been on B．the film has started C．the film has lasted D．has the film ended 49．—What do you think of the movie Black Beauty?—Fantastic. I________it twice.A．watch B．was watching C．am watching D．have watched 50．China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9, 000 to 35, 000 kilometers in the past few years.A．are growing B．were growing C．will grow D．have grown【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A【详解】句意：——我想那边的那个男人一定是道格拉斯。

初中英语语法大全|现在完成时的结构和用法（练习附答案）（一）基本结构现在完成时的句子结构一般为：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分如：We have already had lunch.He has been away for a week.（二）主要用法1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet 等。

如：They have already come back from the museum.She has already finished her homework.2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且有可能会继续持续下去。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since，而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词（如stay、keep、wait等）。

如：I have lived here for ten years.He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.3、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。

此时，常和谓语动词一起使用的主要是表频度的副词often、always、seldom、never等，以及表次数的单词或短语（如once、twice、three times）。

如：You have never listened to me like this before.She has ever been to France.They have visited the Summer Palace many times.（三）动词的过去分词1、规则变化其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同，主要是在词尾加-ed或-d。

具体的有：1）直接加-ed。

如：worked、played。

2）以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d。

如：lived、danced。

8BUnit1-3现在完成时语法（完整讲解）和练习（含答案）一、现在完成时讲解8BUnit1语法1. 构成：have / has + 动词过去分词2. 意义1）过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

She has lived here since she was born.You have studied in this school since 2014.I have taught English for 18 years. (注意：动词必须为延续性动词)2）发生在过去，对现在有影响的动作。

I have lost my key, so I can’t get into my house.Who has cleaned the window? It’s really clean.The bus has left, you must wait for the next one.I have seen the film. I won’t see it tonigh t.3）到目前为止，事情发生的次数。

I have already read this book many times.My uncle has been to France twice.How many times have you been to Beijing?★现在完成时的不同句式：1) She has lived in Wuxi since 2002.→Has she lived in Wuxi since 2002? Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t.→She hasn’t lived in Wuxi since 2002.→How long has she lived in Wuxi?2) They have been to Shanghai three times.→Have they been to Shanghai three times?Yes, they have./ No, they haven’t.→They haven’t been to Shanghai three times.→How many times have they been to Shanghai?3.完成时常和以下时间状语连用：1)already 已经肯定句/ 特殊疑问句yet 还，仍否定句/ 一般疑问句She has already finished her homework. 句中She has finished her homework already.句末Has she finished her homework yet? 句末She hasn’t finished her homework yet. 句末2) ever 曾经肯定句/ 一般疑问句never 从未否定句I have ever seen the film. （肯定句）Have you ever seen this film? （一般疑问句）I have never seen the film. （否定句）3) since 自从+ 过去的时间点/ 一般过去时从句for 长达+ 一段时间（表示过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态）我爸爸在这住了二十年了。

Lesson10时态：现在完成时一、定义：1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或结果。

2. 表示从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

二、构成：(1)肯定式：主语+ has/have + 过去分词+ 其他。

eg: I have cleaned the room. (我已经打扫过房间了。

)(2)否定式：主语+ has/have + not(hasn’t/haven’t) + 过去分词+其他。

eg: I haven’t cleaned the room. (我还没有打扫过房间了。

)(3)疑问句：Have/Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他。

eg: Have you cleaned the room? (你打扫过房间了吗?)(4) 简略答语：Yes, 主语+ have/has./ No, 主语+ haven’t /hasn’t. eg: Yes, I have. (是的，已经打扫过了。

) / No, I haven’t. (不，还没有打扫过。

)三、过去分词1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：(1).一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work—worked—worked ,visit—visited—visited(2).以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live—lived—lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将y 变为i，再加“ ed ”。

study—studied—studied ,cry—cried—cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop—stopped—stopped , drop—dropped—dropped2. 不规则动词：cost—cost—cost shut—shut —shut spread —spread—spreadread —read —read (read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/)come —came —come burn— burnt —burnt catch —caught —caught dig —dug —dug feel —felt —felt fight—fought — fought make—made — made break —broke —broken choose—chose—chosen write —wrote —written四、现在完成时的用法及标志1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。