高中英语语法：倒装
1．完全倒装
（1）用在以here,there,now,then,in,out,up,
down,round,over,away,back,forward等词开头的句子中，表示强调。
其句式为：
Now comes your turn.现在该你了。
Out rushed the boys.孩子们冲出去了。
这种倒装句中的主语只能是名词，不可用人称代词。
如果主语为称代词，谓语动词须放在主语后边。
如：
In he came and the lesson began.
他一进来就开始上课。
Back he went again.他又回去了。
（2）用在“There be…”句型中。
如：
There is no harm in trying.
试一下是没有害处的。
There are about ninety students in this class.
这个班大约有90名学生。
（3）当表示地点的介词短语作状语放于句首时。
如：
In front of the farmhouse sat a peasant boy.
一个农家小男孩坐在农舍前。
On the top of the hill stands an old temple.
山顶上有一座古庙。
（4）表语置于句首时。
表语+系动词+主语
l）形容词+系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were some teachers and students.一
些老师和学生出席了会议。
Difficult was the question.so we could not work it out.问题很难，所以我们算不出来。
2)过去分词+系动词+主语
Gone was the necklace that she had borrowed from her friend.她从朋友那儿借的项链丢了。
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.他们对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
3）介词短语+系动词+主语
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and toys.货物中有圣诞树，花和玩具。
In the middle of the yard is a fountain.
院子中心有一个喷泉。
（5）在以so，nor，neither开头的句子中，以避免重复。
So(nor,neither)+助动词+主语
此句型中的助动词必须和上面句子的谓语一致。
如：
①—I have a very interesting toy.
我有一个有趣的玩具。
－So do I.我也有。
②－I won't go to his birthday party.
我不去参加他的生日晚会。
一Nor will any of our classmates.
我们的同学也没有一个人去。
so如果只是重复前面的话，或对前面的内容表示肯定，不能倒装; 句型为：So+主语+助动词。
如：
①一Tomorrow will be Friday.
明天是星期五。
一So it will.是的。
②－Mum,you promised to buy me a new bike.
妈妈，你答应过给我买一辆新自行车。
－So I did.是的，我答应过。
2．半倒装
（l）疑问句
Why are you standing there?
你为什么站在那儿？
How long have you been studying English?
你学英语有多久了？
如果疑问代词在句中作主语，句子不用倒装。
What is the matter with your nose?
你的鼻子怎么啦？
Who is really against you?谁真正反对你？
Which book is the best that you have ever read？你所读过的书中哪一本是最好的？
（2）虚拟语气的条件句省略了if后。
如：
Were I in his shoes, I would do it in a different way.如果我处在他的位置，我会用另一种方法处理这件事。
Had he known in time,he would have come.
如果他及时知晓，他会来的。
（3）在as引导的让步状语从句中。
（请参阅状语从句5）
（4）在以否定或半否定的副词开头的句子中用半倒装，这类词常见的有： hardly, little,seldom,rarely,scarcely, never, not only,not till….如：
Never have I been asked to do that before.
以前从未有人让我做过那样的事。
Not till he got home did he realize that he had lost his keys.
直到回到家他才发现他把钥匙丢了。
当little，not only…but also放在句首修饰或连接两个主语时，句子不用倒装。
如：
Little work was done yesterday.
昨天没干什么。
Not only the students but also the teacher likes playing thi game.
不仅学生并且老师也爱玩这个游戏。
not移至句首引起倒装时，不能把not单独提前，要和有关系的短语一同前置。
如：
Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
不仅他所拥有的被剥夺了，还有他的德国国籍也被剥夺了。
Not until yesterday did I hear from my father.
直到昨天我才收到我爸爸的来信。
（5）用于hardly…when…，scarcely…when…,和no soonerr…than…句型中。
如：
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining．他刚一到她就开始抱怨。
No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more.
他刚一入睡电话铃又响了。
（6）用在以only开头的句子中。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.只有当一个人失去自由的时候他才知道自由的珍贵。
Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.
只有高声叫喊，别人才能听见他。
only放在句首修饰主语时句子不倒装。
（7）直接引语的部分或全部放在句首，句子要用倒装。
此时主语必须是名词，如果主语为代词，句子不用倒装。
如：
“Who is the girl in red？”asked Liming
“穿红衣服的女孩是谁？’李明问。
“Let’s go to have a drink，’said the man．
‘咱们去喝一杯”，那个人说。
（8）一些表示祝愿的句子要用倒装。
如：
Long live our beloved motherland！
我们可爱的祖国万岁！
Suffice it to say that we have been delayed by stoms.我们给大雨耽搁了，别的没有可说的了。
