英语中的委婉语
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英语对话中常用委婉表达句子1. 英语中的委婉语优雅骂人: 1. Stop complaining!别发牢骚!2. You make me sick!你真让我恶心!3. What's wrong with you?你怎么回事?4. You shouldn't have done that!你真不应该那样做!5. You're a jerk!你是个废物/混球!6. Don't talk to me like that!别那样和我说话!7. Who do you think you are?你以为你是谁?8. What's your problem?你怎么回事啊?9. I hate you!我讨厌你!10. I don't want to see your face!我不愿再见到你! 11. You're crazy!你疯了!12. Are you insane/crazy/out of your mind?你疯了吗?(美国人绝对常用!)13. Don't bother me. 别烦我。
14. Knock it off. 少来这一套。
15. Get out of my face. 从我面前消失!16. Leave me alone. 走开。
17. Get lost.滚开!18. Take a hike!哪儿凉快哪儿歇着去吧。
19. You piss me off. 你气死我了。
20. It's none of your business. 关你屁事!21. What's the meaning of this?这是什么意思?22. How dare you!你敢!23. Cut it out. 省省吧。
24. You stupid jerk!你这蠢猪!25. You have a lot of nerve. 脸皮真厚。
26. I'm fed up. 我厌倦了。
解密英语中的委婉语范本一份解密英语中的委婉语 1委婉语起源于远古,维多利来女王时代中期为其鼎盛时期,在现代英语中,其出现频率依然颇高,因为人们通过委婉语,可以用温顺悦耳的`词语去谈论或叙述一些原来令人不快或逆耳之事物。
为此,他们用domestic help, day help或live-in help代替mail或servant(佣人); 以custodian或superintendent替代doorkeeper, caretaker或janitor(看门人或管理人);用She has a tile loose或She has a cylinder missing去代替She is crazy或She is not right in the head(神经失常)。
委婉语多如恒河沙数,不胜枚举,在此略举数例,以见一斑:原称委婉语无线电修理工radio electrician——radio doctor理发师barber——cosmotologist家庭妇女housewife——household executive收垃圾工人garbage collector——sanitary engineer老人old people——senior citizens再看两个委婉语的例子:Nowadays many weight-watchers would like to go to the gym。
如今有不少胖人喜欢到健身房去锻炼。
They are the culturally deprived。
他们是没有学识的人。
值得注意的是,委婉语虽然是“古已有之,于今为烈",但决不能用得过多过滥. 使用时要考虑场合和对象,如用得不得体,反而会使你"欲礼而不达",甚至令人不知所云,一头雾水。
You can find doctors and doctors in Hongkong!在__,既有好医生,也有坏医生。
英语语言文化中的委婉语
1. Could you possibly... (可能你能...)
2. Would you mind... (你介意...)
3. I was wondering if... (我想知道是否...)
4. Perhaps we could consider... (也许我们可以考虑...)
5. It might be better if... (如果...可能会更好)
6. If it's not too much trouble... (如果不太麻烦的话)
7. I'm sorry, but I'm afraid I can't... (对不起,但恐怕我不能...)
8. I don't want to be a bother, but... (我不想麻烦你,但...)
9. I hope you don't mind if... (希望你不介意如果...)
10. It would be appreciated if... (如果...会受到感激)
11. I'm sorry to trouble you, but... (很抱歉麻烦你,但...)
12. If it's not too much to ask... (如果不过分的话...)
13. I was wondering whether you could... (我在想你是否能...)
14. Excuse me, but would it be possible to... (请问可否...)
15. I would be grateful if... (如果...我会感激不尽)。
浅析英语委婉语论文导读:英语委婉语(euphemism)这一单词源自于希腊语Euphemismos,它的词头“eu”的意思是“good”(好的),而词干“phemism”的意思是“talking”(言语)。
关键词:英语委婉语,定义,种类一、英语委婉语的定义英语委婉语(euphemism)这一单词源自于希腊语Euphemismos,它的词头“eu”的意思是“good”(好的),而词干“phemism”的意思是“talking”(言语)。
因此这个单词我们可以直译为“good talking”,有好的语言或者好的说法的意思,也就是用好听的,出于善意的,无害而又动听悦耳的词汇来取代一些过于直白、粗俗、唐突、冒昧的言辞。
也可以说是用一种大家都更容易接受的方式来表达某些事实的真相。
著名词汇学家H·Rawason在他编纂的委婉语词典中用“语言遮羞布”(linguistic jigleaves)来称呼委婉语,而美国著名作家H.L.Mencken则用“gildedwords”(镀金词)来形容委婉语,也有人将其称作“cosmetic words”(化妆词),这些词汇都从各个方面对委婉语进行了准确而生动的描述。
二、英语委婉语的种类(一) 有关人体、死亡、年老、疾病等的委婉语人的外貌各种各样,男人都希望自己长得高大帅气,英俊潇洒,女人则希望自己长的身材高挑,面容美丽,皮肤白皙。
但事实上这只是人们的主观愿望,而现实与愿望之间总会有各种各样的差距,当这些差距很大并且难以让人接受时,人们就需要用一种委婉的方式来表达。
比如说有人外表长得很丑陋时,如果直接用ugly这个词,那无疑会给别人自尊心以很大伤害,同时也显得自己素质不高,此时我们可以用plain(普通的)ordinary(一般的)以及homely等来表达。
用这些词汇则给了对方最大程度的尊重。
再比如一个人比较胖也不能直接用fat(肥胖)来表达,而要用big、 heavy 、weight 、plump 来代替fat;相反,如果一位女士很瘦,也不可以直接用thin,而要用slende,slim,svelte,willomy等词来代替。
(1)Death(死亡)to be asleep in the Arms of God (本义)安睡在上帝的怀中to be at peace (本义)平静了to be at rest (本义)在休息(2)灰色职业shoe maker 补鞋匠→shoe rebuilder 重整鞋者dish washer 洗盘子的人→utensil maintenance 器皿保全工garbage man 清扫垃圾的人→sanitation engineer 清洁工程师butcher 屠夫→meat technologist 肉类技术专家hair-dresser 理发师→cosmetologist 美容师undertaker 承办丧事的人→funeral director 殡仪负责人prostitute 妓女→pavement princess 马路天使maid/ housekeeper (女仆/ 女管家) →domestic help / day-help 家务助手,day-help 白天帮工,live- in help 住家帮手optician (眼镜商) →vision engineer (视力工程师bedding manufacturer (床具制造商)→mattress engineer (床垫工程师) 或sleep engineer (睡眠工程师)School principal ( 中小学校长)→educational engineer ( 教育工程师) (3)上厕所natural necessity (本义)自然的需要nature stop (本义)自然需要停车to pluck a rose (本义)摘朵玫瑰powder one's nose (本义)搽点粉to relieve oneself (本义)轻松一下to wash one's hands (本义)洗洗手(4)厕所powder room(化妆室)、convenience(方便去处)、cloakroom(存衣室)、loo(=waterloo, 滑铁卢)、(5)uglyhomely 不好看plain 平常plain-looking 长相一般ordinary looking 长相一般(6)fat:heavyset 敦实的,富态chubby 丰满的plump丰满的, 圆胖的stout 壮实的(7)thin:slender 苗条的svelte 亭亭玉立的,身材细长的lean 精干的lithe 敏捷的,轻快的(8)她怀孕了A hole out in one (本义) 一击入洞An accident (本义) 事故Awkward (本义) 行动不便的eating for two(本义)吃双份饭to have one watermelon on the vine(本义)藤上有瓜了to have one on the way (本义)有人要来to spoil a woman's shape(本义)坏了女子体型(9)未婚先育She is in trouble.她碰到麻烦。
英语委婉语的例子30个1. "I'm afraid I have to decline your invitation." (拒绝邀请)2. "It's not quite what I had in mind." (不是我的想法)3. "I'm not sure if I can make it." (不确定我能否参加)4. "I'm sorry, but I have other commitments." (我很抱歉,但我有其他约定)5. "Perhaps we can revisit this at a later time?" (也许我们可以稍后再考虑这个问题?)6. "I think I need to pass on this opportunity." (我认为我需要放弃这个机会)7. "I don't feel comfortable discussing this." (我不觉得讨论这个话题舒服)8. "I'm not really interested in pursuing this further." (我真的不太想再深入探讨这个问题)9. "It's not exactly what I had in mind." (并不完全符合我的想法)10. "I appreciate your offer, but I think I'll have to decline." (谢谢你的提议,但我想我必须拒绝)11. "I'm not sure if I'm the best person for the job." (我不确定我是否是最适合的人选)12. "I think I'll have to pass on this one." (我想我得拒绝这个)13. "I regret to say that I won't be able to attend." (很遗憾,我不能参加)14. "I'm not really comfortable with this situation." (我对这种情况并不感到舒适)15. "I'm afraid I can't help you with that." (很抱歉,我无法帮你处理这个)16. "I'm not quite ready to commit to that yet." (我还没准备好承诺)17. "I'm not sure that's the best approach." (我不确定那是最好的方法)18. "I don't think this is a good fit for me." (我觉得这不适合我)19. "I'm sorry, I can't make it." (对不起,我不能来)20. "I'd rather not discuss that." (我宁愿不讨论那个)21. "I'm not really looking for a change at the moment." (我现在并不是真的想要改变)22. "I don't think that's a good idea." (我不认为那是个好主意)23. "I'm afraid I have to disagree with you on that." (恐怕我必须在这个问题上与你不同意)24. "I may have to decline this offer." (我可能不得不拒绝这个提议)25. "I'm afraid I can't commit to that right now." (我恐怕现在不能承诺)26. "I'm not really comfortable with the terms." (我不太满意这些条款)27. "I'm afraid I don't have the time for that." (恐怕我没有时间做那个)28. "I don't think that's quite what I had in mind." (我认为那不是我想要的)29. "I'm not really sure what to think about this." (我不是很确定怎么看待这个)30. "I'm afraid I can't provide you with what you're asking for." (恐怕我不能提供你所要求的东西)。
英语委婉语的例子经典1. "I'm afraid that won't be possible." (我恐怕这不太可能。
)2. "Perhaps we could explore some other options." (或许我们可以考虑其他的选择。
)3. "I'm sorry, but that's not quite what I had in mind." (很抱歉,但那不是我想要的。
)4. "I'm not sure that's the best approach." (我不确定那是最好的方式。
)5. "It sounds like we have some differences in opinion." (听起来我们在看法上有些不同。
)6. "I appreciate your input, but I'll need some more time to consider it." (感谢你的建议,但我需要更多时间来考虑它。
)7. "It's not that I don't trust you, but I prefer to err on the side of caution." (不是我不信任你,但我更倾向于谨慎小心。
)8. "I'm sorry, but I'm going to have to decline your invitation." (很抱歉,但我必须拒绝你的邀请。
)9. "I'd love to help, but I'm afraid I'm not available right now." (我很想帮忙,但我恐怕现在没有时间。
(1)英语中委婉语(一)有关“死亡”的委婉语人们生活中最忌讳的就是死亡,因此语言禁忌中关于死亡的委婉语大量存在。
如:pass away(逝世),be no more(不在了),depart(去世),be gone(走了),join the majority(会见老祖宗去了),go to west(归西了),go to glory(升天了),go to meet one maker(见上帝),to be at peace(平静了),the final departure(最后离去),final sleep(最后一觉),to go to one S long home(回到永久之家),to have found rest(得到安息),in heaven(在天堂),with God(和上帝在一起)等。
与之相对,汉语中有:“去世了”“仙逝了”,“到极乐世界去了”,“逝世”,“谢世”“过世”,“下世”,“不在了”,“走了”,“过去了”,“离开了我们”,“毙命”,“归天”,“长眠”,“与世长辞”对特殊人物还有专门的术语,如:和尚死了叫“圆寂”,皇帝死了叫“驾崩”,诸侯死了用“功甍”,妻子死了叫“断弦”,为了守节而死叫“玉碎”,执行公务而死叫“殉职”,为正义而死叫“牺牲”等。
“死亡的委婉说法还有:to be ;present at the last roll call 出席最后一次点名to be written off被勾销 t0 fall 倒下 to fire one s last shot射出最后一发子弹It S taps.熄灯号音响了to hy down one S life 放下自己的生to make the ultimate sacrifice最后的牺牲to do one S bit 尽自己的本分这些委婉语听起来很平淡,几乎无法使人联到军人那悲壮而惨烈的死。
(二)有关“疾病”的委婉语生病也是人们忌讳说的,因而东、西方人都常常用替代形式来淡化表达。
盘点:英语中那些委婉的语句是如何表达的在汉语中,进厂有许多委婉的词汇,其实在英语中也一样,今天小编给大家讲讲英语中那些委婉的语句是如何表达的。
死(death)这个词无论在什么样的文化当中,都是令人忌讳的。
在很多情况下,人们总是寻找一些中性的或具有积极意义的词汇来形容它。
汉语中就有“他走了”、“去见马克思了”等说法,英语中同样有许多“死”的委婉说法。
如:to pass away,to go home,to go,to go West,to breathe one's last,to be at rest,to depart,to be with God,to be in Heaven,to join the majority,to join one's ancestors,to fall asleep等。
例句:①Poor Milton was one of those who went West inthe air-crash.可怜的密尔顿是这次空难遇难者之一。
②His father passed away when he was only five.当他只有五岁时,他的父亲就去世了。
③He worked until he breathed his last.他一直工作到他生命的最后一刻。
除了“死”以外,还有其它许多词汇具有委婉的表达方式。
有些还需引起我们特别的注意,因为忽视或滥用这些用法有时会引起误解。
曾有一个中学生在公园中对一位外宾想要“洗手”(washone's hands)而感到大惑不解,连说“No water”(没有水)。
其实wash one's hands只是go to the toilet(lavatory)(上厕所)的委婉的说法。
厕所的其它表达方法还有comfort loom,men's(ladies')room,powderroom,cloakroom,washroom。
英语委婉语词典收录了大量常用的英语委婉语,可以帮助读者了解英语语言中表达礼貌和避免冒犯他人的常用词汇和表达方式。
以下是一些常见的英语委婉语:
"deceased":已故的,代替"dead"
"temporarily challenged":有残疾的,代替"handicapped"
"differently abled":有特殊能力的,代替"disabled"
"final resting place":坟墓,代替"grave"
"ironing board":铁板,代替"flat iron"
"weight-watcher":减肥者,代替"obese person"
"WC":洗手间,代替"toilet"
"charm offensive":花言巧语,代替"lying"
"potting shed":卫生间,代替"toilet"
"comfort station":公共厕所,代替"public restroom"
以上仅是一些常见的英语委婉语示例,实际上英语委婉语的数量非常庞大,而且随着时代的变化和语境的不同,委婉语的用法也在不断变化。
英语euphemism(委婉语)一词源于希腊语的前缀eu(好的)和词根pheme(说话),意为good speak(说好听的或者善辞令)。
委婉语的出现和应用与语言禁忌有直接的关系。
既然人们讳言某些事物,而在言语交际中又不能完全避开它们,于是迂回婉转的表达方式,即委婉语应运而生。
人们讳言die(死),因而有了pass away, pass out, pass over(去世)之类的委婉说法。
在交际活动中,人们出于礼貌,不愿直言某些事情,以免引起不快。
对于一位身体肥胖的女士来说,人们更愿意说她put on weight(发了福)而忌说become fat(长胖了)。
不言而喻,委婉语具有重要的社会功能。
一方面,它可以维持语言禁忌的施使和效能;另一方面,它可以用来保持良好的人际关系,促进言语交际的正常进行。
不管是西方人还是东方人,大家都忌言死。
因此,就出现了大量关于死的委婉语,它们形式多样,各有异同。
上面已经提到了死的三种委婉说法,实际上远不止这些。
比如还有:to go to a better world(到极乐世界去了);to go to another world(到另一个世界去了);to go to heaven(上天堂去了);to depart(故去);to be gone(走了,没了);to pay one’s debt to nature (向大自然还债了);to breathe one’s last(咽下了最后一口气);troubles be over now(罪受完了),等等。
死对人们来说是一种不愉快的事情,但英语在委婉陈述这一事实时多数用了比喻的手段,表达了人们一种良好的愿望,要去天堂,要去极乐世界。
另外,认为死是一种解脱,受完了罪还完了债,一切都了结了。
委婉语还用来表达人们讳言的生理行为,如大小便、怀孕、生殖、性行为等。
这在英语和汉语都是十分普遍的语言现象。
虽然人们天天使用厕所,进行大小便,但在指称它们时多数避免直说。
例1“死亡”的委婉语在英语里,表达“死”的委婉语很多,最常用的有:pass away(过世)、to go west(归西天)、tick the bucket(翘辫子)、turn up one’s toes (伸脚趾)、to go to sleep(长眠)、to be no more(没了,不在了)、to close one’s eyes(闭眼)、to lay down one’s life(牺牲)、to expire(逝世)、to breathe one’s last(咽气)、to end one’s day(寿终)、to pay the debt of nature(了结尘缘)、to cross over to the other side(去世)、to go to the happy hunting ground(去世)等。
例2“贫穷”的委婉语汉语中有“拮据”、“手头紧”、“囊中羞涩”表示贫困,英语中表示“贫穷”的委婉语有:“badly off(短缺的)、less well off(不太宽裕的)、indigent(缺少钱物的)、down on one’s luck(时运不济)、hard up for money(缺钱)、in difficulty(处于困境)。
而have-nots(不富有的人)或a man of modest means(财产不多的人)或negative saver(积蓄为负值的人)都是“穷人”的婉称。
美国对收入低于生活标准的个人或家庭的补助也被称作“税”,即“逆所得税”(negative income tax)。
贫穷落后的发展中国家可说成developing countries或the third world(第三世界)。
例3“老”的委婉语年龄是西方国家的一个敏感话题,可用多种委婉形式表达“老”,如:senior citizen,people in advanced years, elderly people, third age, tofeel one’s age, mature等。
厕所 bathroom身体机能是文雅人士需避免的话题。
(Bodily functions are "taboo" in polite company.)▌restroom▷Can I use the restroom?我可以用下洗手间吗?▷Where can I wash my hands?哪儿有洗手间?▌public conveniences▷Are there any public conveniences nearby?附近可有公共卫生间?▌ladies / gents▷The ladies and gents are down the corridor on your right.女士和男士卫生间就在你右手边的走廊里。
还有一些幽默表达:▌the smallest room of the house房子里最小的一间屋,这种诙谐说法于20世纪30年代出现在英文里,现在已经有些过时,较少被使用。
▷I'd like to pay a visit to the smallest room of the house.我要去参观一下厕所。
▌powder my nose女士用补妆来委婉表达上厕所,当然爱开玩笑的男士也可以这么说。
▷Where can I powder my nose?我上哪儿能补个粉?▌see a man about a dog这种说法原始意思是指为赛马或者赛狗下注,后来通常作为离开或缺席的借口。
原因通常是去上厕所,或者买酒。
▷He's gone to see a man about a dog.他去方便了。
失业unemployment▌between jobs在前一个和后一个工作之间,也就是待业啦。
▷Interviewer: Tell me about your current position.面试官:请告诉我你目前的职位。
▷Job candidate: I'm between jobs right now.求职者:我目前暂时待业。
1."I'm afraid I can't make it."(恐怕我不能来):表示拒
绝邀请或请求。
2."It's not quite what I had in mind."(不完全符合我的
想法):表示不满意,但避免直接批评。
3."I'm not sure if I agree."(我不确定是否同意):表达
保留意见或不同意见。
4."Could you please try to be more punctual?"(你能否尽
量准时一点?):委婉地提醒对方要守时。
5."I appreciate your effort,but there is still room for
improvement."(我欣赏你的努力,但还有改进的空间):给予积极的反馈,同时指出可以改进的地方。
6."Perhaps we could explore other options."(也许我们可
以探索其他选择):建议寻找其他解决方案,而非直接拒绝。
7."I'm sorry,but I don't think I can help with that."
(抱歉,我觉得我无法帮忙):婉转地表示无法提供帮助或支持。
8."That's an interesting point of view."(这是一个有趣
的观点):在面对不同意见时,以友善的方式表示对方的观点引起了兴趣。
机密(Confidential)编号(No.):13-14-2-018505A试题(Test)课程名称(Subject):英语应用文写作考核类别(Type of test):考查课程类别(Type of course) :专业限选课考试形式(Test type) : 论文使用范围(Target group):2011级英语专业1-13班,2011级英语(旅游英语方向)1班Part I Note writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a note according to the information given.Situation 1 You promised to help Jenny buy a book at the weekend, but you got a cold yesterday and you are going to visit the doctor at the weekend. Write her a note to apologize. Situation 2 Your friend Clare has invited you to attend her graduation ceremony this weekend. However, you will be away then. Write her a note politely declining her invitation and expressing your best wishes to her.Situation 3 You are seriously ill, and you want to see a doctor this morning. Write a note asking for sick leave to the secretary of your department.Part II Bill writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a bill according to the information given.Situation 1 You want to borrow a Sony recorder and a Canon camera from Foreign Languages Department. Write a bill according to the information given above.Situation 2 You want to borrow 6,000 yuan from your department for buying a HP laptop, and you will pay back the money within one year with interest at 2%. Write a bill of I.O.U. according to the information given above.Situation 3 You have just received 3,000 yuan as your salary in June from the Finance Section in your company. Write a receipt according to the information given above.Part III Memo writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a memo according to the information given. Situation 1 You are supposed to write a Memorandum of about 80 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one microscope for your biological experiment. It should include: 1) Why you need the microscope. 2) When you need it.Situation 2You are a manager of administration office naming Vera. M. Bradford. The board of directors have decided to renovate the Fitness Center. Write a memo to tell all the employees that:1) How long will this project last?2) Welcome the employees to provide suggestions.You should write about 80 words.Part IV Notice writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a notice according to the information given. Situation 1 Because of the heavy snow, we will take a rest for two days and resume to school as usual on September 10. Please make a notice to inform that.Situation 2 The s enior engineer Lei Peng won’t be able to come at the appointed time owing to some urgent business. Make a notice to arrange another lecture.Situation 3 The Department of Computer & Information will give a lecture by Professor Zhang Bo on how to make power point. Make a notice according to the information given above.Part V Poster writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a poster according to the information given. Situation 1 The Students’ U nion of the Foreign Language Department is to hold an English Speech Contest. Write a poster based on this situation.Situation 2 The Students’ Union will hold a friendly football match between College Team and the Team of Hunan University. Write a poster based on this situation.Situation 3 The film Just Like Heaven will be on in the Audio-visual Lab of Dept. of Foreign & Literature. Please make a poster.Part VI Letter writing (25’)Write a letter of about 150 words according to the information given.You have just learned that Richard, your American friend, has been newly appointed marketing manager in his company. Now write him a letter of congratulation.Part I Note writing (15’)Situation 1 You promised to help Jenny buy a book at the weekend, but you got a coldPart II Bill writing (15’)Situation 1 You want to borrow a Sony recorder and a Canon camera from Foreign Languages Department. Write a bill according to the information given above.Part III Memo writing (15’)Choose one of the situations and write a memo according to the information given. Situation 1 You are supposed to write a Memorandum of about 80 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one microscope for your biological experiment. It should include: 1) Why you need the microscope. 2) When you need it.Part IV Notice writing (15’)Situation 2 The s enior engineer Lei Peng won’t be able to come at the appointed time owing to some urgent business. Make a notice to arrange another lecture.Part V Poster writing (15’)Situation 2 The Students’ Union will hold a friendly football match between College Team and the Team of Hunan University. Write a poster based on this situation.Part VI Letter writing (25’)Write a letter of about 150 words according to the information given.You have just learned that Richard, your American friend, has been newly appointed marketing manager in his company. Now write him a letter of congratulation.。