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高一英语语法点归纳大全一、时态一般现在时用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如：I get up at 6:30 every day.（我每天六点半起床。
）表示客观事实、普遍真理等。
The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。
）构成：主语+ 动词原形（当主语为第三人称单数时，动词需加s 或es）一般过去时用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I visited my grandparents last weekend.（我上周末去看望了我的祖父母。
）构成：主语+ 动词的过去式一般将来时用法：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
will + 动词原形：I will go to the park tomorrow.（我明天将去公园。
）be going to + 动词原形：He is going to study abroad next year.（他明年打算出国留学。
）现在进行时用法：表示现在正在进行的动作。
She is reading a book now.（她现在正在读书。
）构成：主语+ am/is/are + 动词的现在分词过去进行时用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night.（昨晚八点我正在看电视。
）构成：主语+ was/were + 动词的现在分词二、语态主动语态：句子的主语是动作的执行者。
例如：The cat catches the mouse.（猫抓老鼠。
）被动语态构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词。
The book is read by many people.（这本书被很多人阅读。
）一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词。
The house was built in 1990.（这座房子建于1990 年。
以下是一些基于英语基本句型的造句示例：1. 主语+ 谓语（简单句）- The dog barks. (狗叫。
)- She sings beautifully. (她唱歌唱得很好。
)2. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语（简单句）- I eat an apple. (我吃一个苹果。
)- They wrote a book. (他们写了一本书。
)3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语（简单句）- She is happy. (她很开心。
)- The sky appears blue. (天空看起来是蓝色的。
)4. 主语+ 谓语+ 直接宾语+ 间接宾语（双宾语句）- He gave me a gift. (他给了我一个礼物。
)- I showed them the pictures. (我给他们看了照片。
)5. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语（复合宾语句）- We made him captain. (我们选他为队长。
)- She found the house empty. (她发现房子是空的。
)6. There + be + 主语（存在句）- There are many stars in the sky. (天空中有许多星星。
)- There was a knock at the door. (有人敲门。
)7. 疑问词+ 谓语+ 主语（疑问句）- How many students are there in your class? (你们班有多少学生？) - What did you do yesterday? (你昨天做了什么？)8. 主语+ 谓语+ if/whether + 宾语从句（条件句或疑问句作宾语）- I wonder if it will rain tomorrow. (我想知道明天是否会下雨。
)- She asked whether we could help her. (她问我们是否能帮她。
)以上只是英语基本句型的一部分，实际语言使用中会有更多的变化和组合。
高一英语语法（一）句型结构和句子种类【本讲主要内容】语法（一）句型结构和句子种类【知识总结归纳】一. 陈述句肯定式的五种基本句型：1. 主语+ 连系动词+ 表语The boy looks healthy.She felt a little tired.常见的系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, seem, appear, look, get, become, fall , turn, keep, remain可以作表语的成分：名词, 代词, 副词, 介词短语, 不定式, 动名词, 从句等。
2. 主语+ 不及物动词The film began at 7:00 o’clock.The sun is rising.常见不及物动词: come, go, die, cry, laugh, smile, sit, stand, run, jump, lie, rise,belong, live, travel, fall, disappear, study, snow, wait, sleep.3. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语He is reading the newspaper now.They had a meeting yesterday afternoon.可以作宾语的成分: 名词, 代词, 不定式, 动名词, 宾语从句He loved poetry.I can’t express myself in English.He decided to study hard.I remembered posting the letter.I don’t know where he lives.4. 主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语His father bought him a bike on his birthday.Please pass me the salt.常见的可以带双宾语的动词：give, throw, pass, lend , find, send, hand5. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语He left the door open.His words made the teacher very angry.几种常见句型:(1)形容词作补语He found the room clean.He pushed the door open.(2)名词作补语They called their daughter Mary.We consider him a wise leader.(3)介词短语作补语They soon got the fire under controlled.He put his books in order.(4)不定式作补语What do you advise me to do.The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework.(5)现在分词作补语I saw her talking with the headmaster yesterday.They watched the sun setting behind the trees.(6)过去分词作补语I had the photo developed yesterday.He kept his eyes shut.二. 疑问句1.一般疑问句：用yes或no来回答的疑问句, 答句通常是简略的基本结构：(1) 谓语是to be, to have 以及助动词和情态动词的, 放在主语之前Are you a teacher?Have you an English-Chinese dictionary?Can you do me a favor?(2) 除此之外的任何行为动词, 在主语前用助动词do, does, did , 动词用原形Do you like American food?Did your friends attend your birthday party yesterday?Does he go to work by bus?2.特殊疑问句：就句中某一成分提问的句子，答语不能用简略回答，而要求具体回答。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分高一英语初高中衔接练习第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分一、句子类型(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。
1) 简单句的类别1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意3.祈使句4.感叹句（How + adj. ( +S + V) ! What + n. ( +S + V) !2) 简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently on the stage.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。
其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1. I help him and he helps me .2. He failed many times but he wasn’t discouraged.3. We must hurry, or we shall miss the train.4. Not only did he write to us but also he came here yesterday.5. Either he didn’t speak clearly or I didn’t hear well.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。
1.名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1) What he said just now is right. 2) He said that he had seen the film.3) This is why he didn’t go to school.4) The news that he has passed the exam made me happy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that, which, if, whether, who, whom, whose, when ,how, where, why, ever. 2.修饰性（形容词性）从句：定语从句1) The man who is standing there is White.2) The building which was built is a school. 3) This is the place where I lived.引导定语从句的连词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why.3. 副词性从句：状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）引导状语从句的连词有：2when, while, as, as soon as, after, since, until, till, where, if, unless, because, in order that, so…that…, though, wherever, whenever, as …as, not so…as, than二. 句子成分划分<1>. 讨论题: 找出下列句子中相应的成分：1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.<2> 句子成分的分类1. 主语: 主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
句子五种基本句型1.主+谓All of us laughed.2.主+谓+宾Julie likes us.3.主+谓+间宾+直宾Julie bought us sugar.4.主+谓+宾+宾补What Julie did made us happy.5.主+系+表Julie looks friendly.6.There be 存现句：There are many books on the desk.小试牛刀：读下列句子并分析句子成分1.The bread tastes delicious.2.I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside.3.He bought me a birthday present.4.I couldn’t make him change his mind.5.We finished our homework.6.He got up very late.7.The baby cried.8.There is some milk in the bottle.单句写作：1.我喜欢爬山.2.我听到他正在唱歌。
3.那个女孩开心地笑了。
4.你的建议听起来很棒。
5.昨天我买了一本书6.太阳从东方升起。
7.商店里有很多顾客。
（there be 句型）句子成分句子成分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语一．主语：什么人；什么事1.The teacher /She is kind and friendly.2.Seeing is believing.3.To see is to believe.4.Three is enough.5.What he needs is just a book.二．谓语：做什么；怎么样注意：谓语有人称时态和语态的变化（如何确定时态？）高考中常考时态找出下列句子的谓语部分用铅笔在其下划线并思考谓语时态语态如何确定？1.She usually gets up early .2.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.3.The Train arrives at 10:30, so we have plenty of time to have a drink.4.If we have some extra time, we will go hiking.5.I met Julia last year.6.I got up early , washed my face,had a quick breakfast and went to school.7.It is raining hard outside.8.I was writing a letter when you phoned.9.Joy was always plaining about her busy life.10.W e will know the result the day after tomorrow.11.I have already finished all the work.12.W e have been good friends since we were very young.13.I have lived in this city for 17 years.14.W e have been learning English for 7 years.15.T his is the first time that he has left his home town.16.This was the first time that he had left his hometown.17.Jane had left before I arrived.三.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么1.I write down new words in my notebook and review them often.2. He can’t express himself in excitement.3. I finished cleaning the room 3 hours ago.4. He decided to clean the room.5. I am looking forward to hearing from you.6. He gave me two books.四．定语:修饰名词或代词1. The beautiful girl is my friend.2. The book shop is in the center of our city.3.The book shop in the center of our city is very big.4.Those women teachers are very kind and friendly.5.The boy standing in the front of our classroom is John.6.The boy who is standing in the front of our classroom is John.7.The boy praised by our teacher is John.8. The boy who is praised by our teacher is John.9. The meeting held yesterday is very important.10.The meeting being held now is very important.11.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.五．状语：A.adv作状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句，B.介词短语，从句或非谓语（doing /done/ to do）做状语：说明时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，程度，频率，伴随，目的等1.She is very kind.2. She runs quickly.3.The final score of the basketball match was 9394. We were narrowly beaten.4.She is always helping others.5.Fortunately, they survived the flood disaster.6. He walked , singing on campus last night.7.1).When you see from the top of the mountain, you will find the city is very beautiful.2).Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the city is very beautiful.**对比：See from the top of the mountain, and you will find the city is very beautiful.8. Seen from the top of the mountain , the city is very beautiful.9.To keep up with others, he studies very hard.10.He gets up early to catch the first bus.10.The flood disaster happened in Zhengzhou, causing great damage to Henan Province.11. He hurried to the airport, to find the plane had taken off.12. He hurried to the airport, to be told the singer had left.13. While walking across the street , you can never be careful enough.14. Unless invited, I won’t go to the party.六．补语：用来补充说明宾语的情况叫宾补1.What the little girl said made us happy.2.What the little girl said made us laugh.3.You should encourage your friend to try new hobbies.4. He had his hair cut yesterday.5. I am sorry to keep you waiting for so long.6. With the boy leading the way , we found the village easily.7. With the boy to lead the way , we will find the village easily.8. With a lot of homework to do, I can’t go out to play.9. With homework done, I can go out to play now.七．表语：说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”；位于系动词之后状态系动词be:表示主语状态,身份等持续性系动词:keep,remain,stay:表示主语继续或保持一种状况感官系动词:feel,look,taste,smell,sound +adj.变化系动词:bee,grow,turn,get , go+adj.1. Her mother is a teacher.2. The food tastes delicious.英语中几大重要词性及其考点动词/ 名词/ 形容词/ 副词/连词/ 冠词/ 介词/ 代词一．动词1.考谓语动词（在谓语部分中已讲）2.考非谓语动词的适当形式考察（在宾语，定语，状语，补语中已讲）考察动词的固定搭配：比如decide to do sth ;enjoy doing sth; decide on sth ;lead to ***故：记准动词词组固定搭配二．名词(专题学案）1.考察可数名词的复数2.不可数名词三．形容词副词（专题学案已讲）1.考察形容词和副词的基本用法2.考察形容词副词的比较级和最高级四．连词1.Drive slowly and carefully.2.He fell and cut his knee.3. Give me a chance , and I will give you a big surprise.4.Which do you prefer, white, grey or brown?5.Hurry up, or you will be late for school.6. He is not rich, but he lives a happy life.7.Although he is not rich, he lives a happy life.8.He studied very hard，so he made progress.9. Because he studied very hard,he made progress.10. When she was 4 years old, she began to learn English.11.If I am invited , I will go to the party.12.This is the school that I visited last year.13. What amazed me most was that he got the first prize in the petition五．冠词：a/an 泛指；the 特指/类别1).____ useful book 2).___umbrella 3). _____honest boy 4). ____high building5)._____book under the desk is mine.6)._____rich are not always happy.7).They take _____same subjects as you do.2. 改错中考察冠词的基本用法1）.aanthe之间的互改a 18 yearold boy a hour an university2).多冠词He gave me a good advice about how to improve my English..3).少冠词We had delicious breakfast yesterday.六．介词（专题学案已讲）多考固定搭配七．代词neither: 两者都不neither…nor…all: 三者或三者以上都none:三者或三者以上任何一个都不none of …..4.指示代词：that those ; this these5.连接代词：who;whom;whose ; what ;which;that 等。
感叹句的七种基本句型概念：感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊羡、喜悦、等感情一、用感叹词what和它所修饰的名词短语置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
●句型Ⅰ：what + a/an + 形容词+ 单数可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语。
1.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _______ it was!A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a sceneC. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene.分析：该题考查感叹句的精确运用，也考查名词scene作为单数可数名词的用法。
B选项中应当用how代替what; D选项看似正确，但题干中有it was,不能用。
因此在A和C中应当用A, 完全符合句型Ⅰ。
本题正确答案是A.●句型Ⅱ：what + 形容词+ 复数可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语。
2. _____ big fish! When did you get them?A. WhatB. What aC. How C. How a分析：由于下个句子中的them可得知，上句中的fish 是名词复数，这是因为fish的复数和单数可以同形。
依据句型Ⅱ，便知正确答案为A。
B选项的迷惑性最大。
●句型Ⅲ：what + 形容词+不行数名词+主语+谓语。
3. _____ terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What分析：题干中的weather是个不行数名词，依据句型Ⅰ，不能选择B和A; 依据句型Ⅲ，正确答案是D。
how类型的感叹句只能跟单数可数名词，不能用C。
二、用感叹词how和它所修饰的词置于句首，其他成分次序不变。
