英语常见的前缀和后缀
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英语常见的前缀和后缀
一、常用前缀
1、aero-:concerning the air or aircraft
plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
space(空间, 间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
aerogram aerometer aeromedicine
2、anti-: against;opposite of
nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
matter(物质)—antimatter(反物质)
war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的, 反对战争的)
antiageing antifat antigas antinoise
3、auto-: of or by oneself
biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)
criticism(批评, 批判)—autocriticism(自我反省, 自我检讨)autoalarm autosuggestion
4、be-:to treat as the stated thing
friend(朋友, 助手)—befriend(待人如友, 帮助)
little(很少的, 矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视, 使渺小, 使...显得渺小)becalm bepowder beside bemoan
5、bi-: two;twice;double
lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)
cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车, 自行车)
biweekly bipolar bilateral bisexual
6、bio-:concerning living things
chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(球体,范围)—biosphere(生物圈)
7、by-,bye-:less important
product(产品, 产物,)—by-product(副产品, 附加产物)
way(路,道路)—byway(小道,次要领域)
by-effect by-business bytime
8、centi-: hundredth part of a unit
grade(等级)—centigrade(百分度的, 摄氏温度的)
meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
9、co-: together, with
author(作家, 创造者)—coauthor(合著者, 共同执笔者,合著)
exist(存在, 生存)—coexist(共存)
coagent co-worker cooperation
10、col-:(used before L) together, with
location(位置, 场所)—collocation(排列, 配置)
collaborate 合作
collingual 用同一种语言的
11、com-:(used before b, m, p)together, with
passion(激情, 热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
battle (战役)-combat (战斗)
combine compress compatriot
12、con-:together, with
centric(中心的, 中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
federation(同盟, 联邦, 联合, 联盟)—confederation(联邦)
conclude confirm conjoin contribute
13、contra-:opposite
diction(措辞, 用语, 言语)—contradiction(反驳, 矛盾)
natural(自然的, 自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
contra-missile contraclockwise
14、cor-:(used before r) together, with
relate(叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和...相关)respond(回答, 响应, 作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应)
correct corrupt corrival
15、counter-:opposite
act(担当,表现, 见效)—counteract(抵消, 中和, 阻碍)
attack(攻击)—counterattack(反引力)
counter—terrorist countereffect
16、cross-:across;going between the stated things and joining them
country(乡下的, 乡村的)—crosscountry(越野地, 横过田野的)
breed((使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养,品种, 种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配, 培育杂种, (使)杂交)
17、de-:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
code(代码, 密码)—decode(解码, 译解)
value(评价, 重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值, 贬值)
decline increase decrease
18、dis-:not; the opposite of
advantage(优势, 有利条件)—disadvantage(不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势)
agree(同意)—disagree(不一致, 不适宜)
honest(诚实的, 正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)
disorder discourage dispart distract
19、em-:(used before b, m, p) to cause to become
body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达, 使具体化)
power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与, 使能够)
embed embar embow embitter
20、en-:to cause to become; to make
danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
large(大的, 巨大的)—enlarge(扩大, 放大)
enrich enclose enable enact
21、ex-:former(and still living)
minister(部长, 大臣)—ex-minister (前部长)
wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)
export expose expel exaggerate