afinal框架使用详解

Package‘etl’October12,2023Type PackageTitle Extract-Transform-Load Framework for Medium DataVersion0.4.1Maintainer Benjamin S.Baumer<********************>Description A predictable and pipeable framework for performing ETL(extract-transform-load)operations on publicly-accessible medium-sized dataset.This package sets up the method structure and implements genericfunctions.Packages that depend on this package download specific data setsfrom the Internet,clean them up,and import them into a local or remoterelational database management system.License CC0Imports DBI,dbplyr,datasets,downloader,fs,janitor,lubridate,methods,readr,rlang,rvest,tibble,usethis,utils,xml2Depends R(>=2.10),dplyrSuggests knitr,RSQLite,RPostgreSQL,RMySQL,ggplot2,testthat,rmarkdownURL https:///beanumber/etlBugReports https:///beanumber/etl/issuesRoxygenNote7.2.3Encoding UTF-8VignetteBuilder knitr,rmarkdown,ggplot2,dplyr,dbplyrNeedsCompilation noAuthor Benjamin S.Baumer[aut,cre](<https:///0000-0002-3279-0516>), Carson Sievert[ctb],Natalia Iannucci[ctb]Repository CRANDate/Publication2023-10-1219:10:02UTC12create_etl_package R topics documented:create_etl_package (2)dbRunScript (3)dbWipe (4)db_type (4)etl (5)etl_cleanup (7)etl_init (10)match_files_by_year_months (12)smart_download (13)smart_upload (14)src_mysql_cnf (14)valid_year_month (15)Index17 create_etl_package Create an ETL package skeletonDescriptionCreate an ETL package skeletonUsagecreate_etl_package(...)Arguments...arguments passed to create_packageDetailsExtends create_package and places a template sourcefile in the R subdirectory of the new pack-age.Thefile has a working stub of etl_extract.The new package can be built immediately and run.New S3methods for etl_transform and etl_load can be added if necessary,but the default methods may suffice.See Alsoetl_extract,etl_transform,etl_loaddbRunScript3Examples##Not run:path<-file.path(tempdir(),"scorecard")create_etl_package(path)##End(Not run)#Now switch projects,and"Install and Restart"dbRunScript Execute an SQL scriptDescriptionExecute an SQL scriptUsagedbRunScript(conn,script,echo=FALSE,...)Argumentsconn a DBIConnection-class objectscript Either afilename pointing to an SQL script or a character vector of length1 containing SQL.echo print the SQL commands to the output?...arguments passed to dbExecuteDetailsThe SQL scriptfile must be;delimited.Valuea list of results from dbExecute for each of the individual SQL statements in script. Examplessql<-"SHOW TABLES;SELECT1+1as Two;"sql2<-system.file("sql","mtcars.mysql",package="etl")sql3<-"SELECT*FROM user WHERE user= mysql ;SELECT*FROM user WHERE t = t ;"if(require(RSQLite)){con<-dbConnect(RSQLite::SQLite())dbRunScript(con,"SELECT1+1as Two;VACUUM;ANALYZE;")}##Not run:if(require(RMySQL)){con<-dbConnect(RMySQL::MySQL(),default.file=path.expand("~/f"),4db_type group="client",user=NULL,password=NULL,dbname="mysql",host="127.0.0.1") dbRunScript(con,script=sql)dbRunScript(con,script=sql2)dbRunScript(con,script=sql3)dbDisconnect(con)}##End(Not run)dbWipe Wipe out all tables in a databaseDescriptionWipe out all tables in a databaseUsagedbWipe(conn,...)Argumentsconn A DBIConnection object,as returned by dbConnect()....Other parameters passed on to methods.DetailsFinds all tables within a database and removes themdb_type Return the database type for an ETL or DBI connectionDescriptionReturn the database type for an ETL or DBI connectionUsagedb_type(obj,...)##S3method for class src_dbidb_type(obj,...)##S3method for class DBIConnectiondb_type(obj,...)etl5Argumentsobj and etl or DBIConnection-class object...currently ignoredExamplesif(require(RMySQL)&&mysqlHasDefault()){#connect to test database using rs-dbidb<-src_mysql_cnf()class(db)db#connect to another server using the client groupdb_type(db)db_type(db$con)}etl Initialize an etl objectDescriptionInitialize an etl objectUsageetl(x,db=NULL,dir=tempdir(),...)##Default S3method:etl(x,db=NULL,dir=tempdir(),...)##S3method for class etlsummary(object,...)is.etl(object)##S3method for class etlprint(x,...)Argumentsx the name of the etl package that you wish to populate with data.This deter-mines the class of the resulting etl object,which determines method dispatchof etl_*()functions.There is no default,but you can use mtcars as an testexample.db a database connection that inherits from src_dbi.It is NULL by default,which results in a SQLite connection being created in dir.dir a directory to store the raw and processed datafiles6etl ...arguments passed to methods(currently ignored)object an object for which a summary is desired.DetailsA constructor function that instantiates an etl object.An etl object extends a src_dbi object.Italso has attributes for:pkg the name of the etl package corresponding to the data sourcedir the directory where the raw and processed data are storedraw_dir the directory where the raw datafiles are storedload_dir the directory where the processed datafiles are storedJust like any src_dbi object,an etl object is a data source backed by an SQL database.However,an etl object has additional functionality based on the presumption that the SQL database willbe populated from datafiles stored on the local hard disk.The ETL functions documented in etl_create provide the necessary functionality for extract ing data from the Internet to raw_dir, transform ing those data and placing the cleaned up data(usually in CSV format)into load_dir,andfinally load ing the clean data into the SQL database.ValueFor etl,an object of class etl_x and etl that inherits from src_dbiFor is.etl,TRUE or FALSE,depending on whether x has class etlSee Alsoetl_createExamples#Instantiate the etl objectcars<-etl("mtcars")str(cars)is.etl(cars)summary(cars)##Not run:#connect to a PostgreSQL serverif(require(RPostgreSQL)){db<-src_postgres("mtcars",user="postgres",host="localhost")cars<-etl("mtcars",db)}##End(Not run)#Do it step-by-stepcars%>%etl_extract()%>%etl_transform()%>%etl_load()src_tbls(cars)cars%>%tbl("mtcars")%>%group_by(cyl)%>%summarize(N=n(),mean_mpg=mean(mpg))#Do it all in one stepcars2<-etl("mtcars")cars2%>%etl_update()src_tbls(cars2)#generic summary function provides information about the objectcars<-etl("mtcars")summary(cars)cars<-etl("mtcars")#returns TRUEis.etl(cars)#returns FALSEis.etl("hello world")cars<-etl("mtcars")%>%etl_create()carsetl_cleanup ETL functions for working with medium sized dataDescriptionThese generic functions provide a systematic approach for performing ETL(exchange-transform-load)operations on medium sized data.Usageetl_cleanup(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_cleanup(obj,delete_raw=FALSE,delete_load=FALSE,pattern="\\.(csv|zip)$",...)etl_create(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_create(obj,...)etl_update(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_update(obj,...)etl_extract(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_extract(obj,...)##S3method for class etl_mtcarsetl_extract(obj,...)##S3method for class etl_citiesetl_extract(obj,...)etl_load(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_load(obj,...)etl_transform(obj,...)##Default S3method:etl_transform(obj,...)##S3method for class etl_citiesetl_transform(obj,...)Argumentsobj an etl object...arguments passed to methodsdelete_raw shouldfiles be deleted from the raw_dir?delete_load shouldfiles be deleted from the load_dir?pattern regular expression matchingfile names to be deleted.By default,this matches filenames ending in.csv and.zip.DetailsThe purposes of these functions are to download data from a particular data source from the Internet, process it,and load it into a SQL database server.There arefive primary functions:etl_init Initialize the database schema.etl_extract Download data from the Internet and store it locally in its raw form.etl_transform Manipulate the raw data such that it can be loaded into a database ually, this means converting the raw data to(a series of)CSVfiles,which are also stored locally.etl_load Load the transformed data into the database.etl_cleanup Perform housekeeping,such as deleting unnecessary raw datafiles.Additionally,two convenience functions chain these operations together:etl_create Run allfive functions in succession.This is useful when you want to create the database from scratch.etl_update Run the etl_extract-etl_transform-etl_load functions in succession.This is use-ful when the database already exists,but you want to insert some new data.ValueEach one of these functions returns an etl object,invisibly.See Alsoetl,etl_initExamples##Not run:if(require(RPostgreSQL)){db<-src_postgres(dbname="mtcars",user="postgres",host="localhost")cars<-etl("mtcars",db)}if(require(RMySQL)&&mysqlHasDefault()){db<-src_mysql(dbname="mtcars",user="r-user",host="localhost",password="mypass")cars<-etl("mtcars",db)}##End(Not run)cars<-etl("mtcars")cars%>%etl_extract()%>%etl_transform()%>%etl_load()%>%etl_cleanup()carscars%>%tbl(from="mtcars")%>%group_by(cyl)%>%summarise(N=n(),mean_mpg=mean(mpg))#do it all in one step,and peek at the SQL creation script10etl_init cars%>%etl_create(echo=TRUE)#specify a directory for the data##Not run:cars<-etl("mtcars",dir="~/dumps/mtcars/")str(cars)##End(Not run)cars<-etl("mtcars")#Do it step-by-stepcars%>%etl_extract()%>%etl_transform()%>%etl_load()#Note the somewhat imprecise data types for the columns.These are the default.tbl(cars,"mtcars")#But you can also specify your own schema if you wantschema<-system.file("sql","init.sqlite",package="etl")cars%>%etl_init(schema)%>%etl_load()etl_init Initialize a database using a defined schemaDescriptionInitialize a database using a defined schemaUsageetl_init(obj,script=NULL,schema_name="init",pkg=attr(obj,"pkg"),ext=NULL,...)##Default S3method:etl_init(obj,script=NULL,schema_name="init",pkg=attr(obj,"pkg"),ext=NULL,etl_init11 ...)find_schema(obj,schema_name="init",pkg=attr(obj,"pkg"),ext=NULL,...) Argumentsobj An etl objectscript either a vector of SQL commands to be executed,or afile path as a character vector containing an SQL initialization script.If NULL(the default),then theappropriate built-in schema will be fetched by find_schema,if it exists.Notethat theflavor of SQL in thisfile must match the type of the source.That is,ifyour object is of type src_mysql,then make sure that the schema you specifyhere is written in MySQL(and not PostgreSQL).Please note that SQL syntax isnot,in general,completely e with caution,as this may clobber anyexisting data you have in an existing database.schema_name The name of the schema.Default is init.pkg The package defining the schema.Should be set in etl.ext Thefile extension used for the SQL schemafile.If NULL(the default)it be inferred from the src_*class of con.For example,if con has class SQLite thenext will be sqlite....Currently ignoredDetailsIf the table definitions are at all non-trivial,you may wish to include a pre-defined table schema.This function will retrieve it.Examplescars<-etl("mtcars")cars%>%etl_init()cars%>%etl_init(script=sql("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mtcars_alt(id INTEGER);"))cars%>%etl_init(schema_name="init")init_script<-find_schema(cars,schema_name="init")cars%>%etl_init(script=init_script,echo=TRUE)src_tbls(cars)cars<-etl("mtcars")find_schema(cars)find_schema(cars,"init","etl")find_schema(cars,"my_crazy_schema","etl")12match_files_by_year_months match_files_by_year_monthsMatch year and month vectors tofilenamesDescriptionMatch year and month vectors tofilenamesExtracts a date fromfilenamesUsagematch_files_by_year_months(files,pattern,years=as.numeric(format(Sys.Date(),"%Y")),months=1:12,...)extract_date_from_filename(files,pattern,...)Argumentsfiles a character vector offilenamespattern a regular expression to be passed to fast_strptimeyears a numeric vector of yearsmonths a numeric vector of months...arguments passed to fast_strptimeValuea character vector of files that match the pattern,year,and month argumentsa vector of POSIXct dates matching the patternExamples##Not run:if(require(airlines)){airlines<-etl("airlines",dir="~/Data/airlines")%>%etl_extract(year=1987)summary(airlines)match_files_by_year_months(list.files(attr(airlines,"raw_dir")),pattern="On_Time_On_Time_Performance_%Y_%m.zip",year=1987)}##End(Not run)smart_download13 smart_download Download only thosefiles that don’t already existDescriptionDownload only thosefiles that don’t already existUsagesmart_download(obj,src,new_filenames=basename(src),clobber=FALSE,...)Argumentsobj an etl objectsrc a character vector of URLs that you want to downloadnew_filenames an optional character vector offilenames for the new(local)files.Defaults to having the samefilenames as those in src.clobber do you want to clobber any existingfiles?...arguments passed to downloadDetailsDownloads only thosefiles in src that are not already present in the directory specified by the raw_dir attribute of obj.Author(s)idiom courtesy of Hadley WickhamExamples##Not run:cars<-etl("mtcars")urls<-c("https:///beanumber/etl/master/etl.Rproj","https:///robots.txt")smart_download(cars,src=urls)#won t download again if the files are already theresmart_download(cars,src=urls)#use clobber to overwritesmart_download(cars,src=urls,clobber=TRUE)##End(Not run)14src_mysql_cnf smart_upload Upload a list offiles to the DBDescriptionUpload a list offiles to the DBUsagesmart_upload(obj,src=NULL,tablenames=NULL,...)Argumentsobj An etl objectsrc a list of CSVfiles to upload.If NULL,will return all CSVs in the load directory tablenames a list the same length as src of tablenames in the database corresponding to eachof thefiles in src.If NULL,will default to the same name as src,without pathsorfile extensions....arguments passed to dbWriteTableExamples##Not run:if(require(RMySQL)){#must have pre-existing database"fec"#if not,trysystem("mysql-e CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS fec; ")db<-src_mysql_cnf(dbname="mtcars")}##End(Not run)src_mysql_cnf Connect to local MySQL Server using~/fDescriptionConnect to local MySQL Server using~/fUsagesrc_mysql_cnf(dbname="test",groups="rs-dbi",...)Argumentsdbname name of the local database you wish to connect to.Default is test,as in mysqlHasDefault.groups section of~/ffile.Default is rs-dbi as in mysqlHasDefault...arguments passed to src_mysqlSee Alsosrc_mysql,mysqlHasDefaultExamplesif(require(RMySQL)&&mysqlHasDefault()){#connect to test database using rs-dbidb<-src_mysql_cnf()class(db)db#connect to another server using the client groupsrc_mysql_cnf(groups="client")}valid_year_month Ensure that years and months are within a certain time spanDescriptionEnsure that years and months are within a certain time spanUsagevalid_year_month(years,months,begin="1870-01-01",end=Sys.Date()) Argumentsyears a numeric vector of yearsmonths a numeric vector of monthsbegin the earliest valid date,defaults to the UNIX epochend the most recent valid date,defaults to todayDetailsOften,a data source will begin and end at known points in time.At the same time,many data sources are divided into monthly archives.Given a set of years and months,any combination of which should be considered valid,this function will return a data.frame in which each row is one of those valid year-month pairs.Further,if the optional begin and end arguments are specified,the rows will befilter to lie within that time interval.Furthermore,thefirst and last day of each month are computed.Valuea data.frame with four variables:year,month,month_begin(thefirst day of the month),andmonth_end(the last day of the month).Examplesvalid_year_month(years=1999:2001,months=c(1:3,7))#Mets in the World Series since the UNIX epochmets_ws<-c(1969,1973,1986,2000,2015)valid_year_month(years=mets_ws,months=10)#Mets in the World Series during the Clinton administrationif(require(ggplot2)){clinton<-filter(presidential,name=="Clinton")valid_year_month(years=mets_ws,months=10,begin=clinton$start,end=clinton$end)}Indexcreate_etl_package,2create_package,2data.frame,15,16db_type,4dbConnect(),4dbExecute,3DBIConnection,4dbRunScript,3dbWipe,4dbWriteTable,14download,13etl,5,5,6,8,9,11,13,14etl_cleanup,7etl_create,6etl_create(etl_cleanup),7etl_extract,2etl_extract(etl_cleanup),7etl_init,9,10etl_load,2etl_load(etl_cleanup),7etl_transform,2etl_transform(etl_cleanup),7etl_update(etl_cleanup),7extract_date_from_filename(match_files_by_year_months),12fast_strptime,12find_schema,11find_schema(etl_init),10is.etl,6is.etl(etl),5match_files_by_year_months,12 mysqlHasDefault,15POSIXct,12print.etl(etl),5smart_download,13smart_upload,14SQLite,5,11src_dbi,5,6src_mysql,11,15src_mysql_cnf,14summary.etl(etl),5valid_year_month,15 17。

Masa框架是一个用于构建大规模分布式应用程序的开源框架。

它提供了丰富的工具和组件，帮助开发者快速地构建稳定、高效的应用程序。

本文将介绍Masa框架的基本概念和入门指南，帮助读者了解这一框架的特点和使用方法。

一、Masa框架的特点1. Masa框架是基于Java语言开发的，可以运行在各种操作系统上，具有良好的跨评台性。

2. Masa框架采用了微服务架构，通过服务注册、服务发现和负载均衡等机制，实现了高可用性和弹性扩展的应用部署。

3. Masa框架提供了丰富的开发工具和组件，包括服务容器、数据存储、消息队列、以及监控和管理工具等，支持快速开发和部署应用程序。

二、Masa框架的核心组件1. 服务容器：Masa框架提供了一个高性能的服务容器，用于管理和执行应用程序的各个服务。

开发者可以在服务容器中注册自己的服务，并通过容器提供的API进行调用和管理。

2. 数据存储：Masa框架支持多种类型的数据存储，包括关系型数据库、NoSQL数据库以及分布式文件系统等。

开发者可以根据应用程序的需求选择合适的数据存储方案，并通过框架提供的API进行访问和操作。

3. 消息队列：Masa框架集成了消息队列系统，用于实现应用程序内部的消息通信和异步处理。

开发者可以利用消息队列实现服务之间的解耦和并发处理，提高应用程序的性能和可扩展性。

4. 监控和管理：Masa框架提供了丰富的监控和管理工具，用于实时监控应用程序的运行状态和性能指标。

开发者可以通过这些工具对应用程序进行调优和故障排查，保障应用程序的稳定性和可靠性。

三、Masa框架的入门指南1. 环境准备：在开始使用Masa框架之前，开发者需要先准备好运行环境，包括安装Java开发工具、构建工具和相关的第三方库。

还需要准备好适合的开发和部署环境，例如搭建好的开发服务器或者云评台。

2. 框架安装：Masa框架通过Maven仓库进行管理和发布，开发者可以通过Maven工具快速地下载和安装框架依赖。

afnetworking的使用-回复标题：深入理解与使用AFNetworkingAFNetworking，作为iOS和OS X网络编程的王者库，以其简洁、高效的特性深受开发者喜爱。

本文将详细解析AFNetworking的使用步骤和关键要点。

一、AFNetworking简介AFNetworking是一个基于NSURLConnection、NSURLSession以及Foundation URL Loading System的Objective-C框架，它简化了iOS 和OS X上的网络请求和数据处理。

AFNetworking支持HTTP/HTTPS 请求、JSON解析、图像加载、Reachability检测等多种功能。

二、安装AFNetworking在开始使用AFNetworking之前，首先需要将其安装到项目中。

有以下两种主要的安装方式：1. CocoaPods安装：在Podfile中添加`pod 'AFNetworking'`，然后执行`pod install`命令。

2. 手动安装：下载AFNetworking的源代码，将其拖入到项目的Frameworks文件夹中，并在需要使用AFNetworking的类中导入头文件。

三、基础使用1. GET请求以下是一个基本的GET请求示例：objective-c#import "AFHTTPRequestOperationManager.h"AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager];[manager GET:" parameters:nilsuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {NSLog("JSON: ", responseObject);} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog("Error: ", error);}];在这个例子中，我们首先创建了一个AFHTTPRequestOperationManager对象，然后通过GET方法发送一个GET请求。

Laravel框架学习教程Chapter 1: Introduction to Laravel FrameworkLaravel is a PHP web application framework that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. It provides a robust set of tools and features that make web development faster and more efficient. In this chapter, we will explore the key concepts and features of the Laravel framework.1.1 Installation and SetupTo get started with Laravel, you need to install it on your local development environment. Laravel can be installed either via Composer or by downloading the Laravel installer. Once installed, you can create a new Laravel project using the command line interface. We will also cover the configuration process and explain how to set up a local development server.1.2 Routing and MVCLaravel offers a powerful routing system that allows you to define the URLs and endpoints for your web application. We will explain how to create routes for different HTTP methods and how to handle dynamic parts of the URL. Furthermore, we will dive into the MVC pattern and discuss how Laravel separates the application logic into controllers, models, and views.1.3 Blade Templating EngineBlade is the built-in templating engine of Laravel, which provides a convenient and expressive way to create views. We will explore the syntax and features of Blade, including template inheritance, control structures, and loops. Additionally, we will discuss how to pass data from the controller to the view and how to use Blade directives for conditional rendering and form input handling.Chapter 2: Database and Eloquent ORMIn this chapter, we will focus on database management and the Eloquent ORM, which is Laravel's database abstraction layer. We will cover various aspects of database operations and demonstrate how to interact with the database using Eloquent models.2.1 Database ConfigurationBefore working with databases in Laravel, you need to configure the database connection settings. We will explain how to set up the database configuration file and specify the connection parameters. Additionally, we will discuss different database management systems supported by Laravel, such as MySQL, SQLite, and PostgreSQL.2.2 Migrations and SeedingLaravel provides a convenient way to handle database schema changes through migrations. We will illustrate how to create, run, and rollback migrations to keep the database schema in sync with the application code. Moreover, we will explain the concept of seeding the database with predefined data using Laravel's seeder classes.2.3 Eloquent ORMThe Eloquent ORM makes database interactions effortless by enabling you to work with database records as objects. We will demonstrate how to define Eloquent models, establish relationships between models, and perform common database operations, including querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data. Furthermore, we will discuss advanced features like eager loading, scopes, and mutators.Chapter 3: Authentication and AuthorizationSecuring web applications is essential for protecting user data and ensuring access control. In this chapter, we will explore Laravel's built-in authentication and authorization features, which simplify the implementation of user registration, login, and access control.3.1 User AuthenticationLaravel provides a comprehensive authentication system that supports various authentication methods, such as email and password, socialite integration, and API token authentication. We will explain how to set up the authentication configuration, create authentication routes, and implement user registration, login, and password reset functionality.3.2 User AuthorizationLaravel's authorization features allow you to define fine-grained access control for different user roles and permissions. We will discusshow to define authorization policies, authorize actions in controllers, and perform role-based access control. Additionally, we will explore how to use gates and policies for more complex authorization scenarios.3.3 MiddlewareLaravel's middleware mechanism enables you to apply logic before or after the execution of a request. We will explain how to create custom middleware and register them in the application. Moreover, we will discuss how to use middleware for various purposes, such as authentication, authorization, form validation, and request transformation.Chapter 4: Testing and DebuggingTesting and debugging are crucial parts of the development process to ensure the quality and reliability of the application. In this chapter, we will cover Laravel's testing and debugging tools, including unit testing, feature testing, logging, and debugging techniques.4.1 Testing FundamentalsLaravel provides a robust testing framework that facilitates unit testing and feature testing. We will explain the basics of writing tests in Laravel, including creating test cases, defining assertions, and running tests. Moreover, we will discuss different testing approaches, such as test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD).4.2 Unit TestingUnit testing focuses on testing individual units or components of the application in isolation. We will demonstrate how to write unit tests for Laravel's models, controllers, and services using PHPUnit, the default testing library integrated into Laravel. We will also discuss mocking and dependency injection techniques to isolate dependencies in unit tests.4.3 Feature TestingFeature testing helps ensure that the application behaves correctly from a user's perspective. We will show how to write feature tests that simulate user interactions, such as filling out forms and clicking buttons. Additionally, we will discuss testing APIs and handling HTTP requests and responses in feature tests.4.4 Logging and DebuggingLaravel provides a flexible logging system that allows you to log events and debug information for troubleshooting purposes. We will explain how to configure the logging channels, write log messages, and retrieve log entries. Furthermore, we will explore Laravel's debugging tools, including the built-in error handling and exception handling mechanisms.Chapter 5: Advanced TopicsIn this final chapter, we will delve into some advanced topics that further extend the capabilities of Laravel. We will cover topics like caching, queuing, event handling, and package development.5.1 CachingCaching is a technique to store frequently accessed data in memory for faster retrieval. Laravel provides a unified API for various caching drivers, such as in-memory caching, file caching, and database caching. We will explain how to use Laravel's caching system to cache query results, HTML fragments, and even entire pages.5.2 Queues and JobsQueues provide a way to defer time-consuming or resource-intensive tasks and process them asynchronously in the background. We will discuss how to configure Laravel's queue system, create and dispatch jobs, and set up workers to process queued jobs. Additionally, we will explore different queue drivers and queue management tools.5.3 Event HandlingLaravel's event system allows you to decouple components and trigger actions based on specific events. We will explain how to define and dispatch events, create listeners to handle events, and implement event subscribers. Furthermore, we will discuss event broadcasting and using third-party event libraries.5.4 Package DevelopmentLaravel's modular architecture makes it easy to develop and distribute reusable packages. We will explore the process of creating Laravel packages, including setting up package structure, defining service providers, registering routes and assets, and publishing package resources. Moreover, we will discuss package testing and versioning considerations.ConclusionIn this comprehensive Laravel tutorial, we have covered various aspects of the Laravel framework, from the basics of installation and setup to more advanced topics like authentication, testing, and package development. By mastering Laravel, you can build robust and scalable web applications with ease. Stay curious, keep learning, and unleash the full potential of Laravel.。

AFNetworking3.0使⽤详解和源码解析实现原理AFN原理&& AFN如何使⽤RunLoop来实现的：让你介绍⼀下AFN源码的理解，⾸先要说说封装⾥⾯主要做了那些重要的事情，有那些重要的类（XY题）⼀、AFN的实现步骤：NSString * requestURL = @"http://119.254.98.136/api/v1/web/homepage";// AFHTTPSessionManager * manager =[[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc] init];AFHTTPSessionManager * manager =[AFHTTPSessionManager manager];[manager GET:requestURL parameters:nil progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {NSLog(@"请求成功了！");NSLog(@"%@",responseObject);} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {NSLog(@"请求失败了！");}];1、GET，或者POST等⽅法调⽤抽象的请求⽅法，指明相应的请求参数，（类似全能初始化⽅法的作⽤⼀下，最后不管多少个初始化参数的⽅法，都最后是调⽤了全能初始化⽅法），不管是什么形式的数据请求，最后是调⽤了全能数据请求的⽅法。

指明数据请求的⽅式以及全能的参数。

- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)GET:(NSString *)URLStringparameters:(id)parametersprogress:(void (^)(NSProgress * _Nonnull))downloadProgresssuccess:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull, id _Nullable))successfailure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable, NSError * _Nonnull))failure{NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [self dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:@"GET"URLString:URLStringparameters:parametersuploadProgress:nildownloadProgress:downloadProgresssuccess:successfailure:failure];[dataTask resume];return dataTask;}2、对请求进⾏序列化，如果序列化失败，就直接执⾏了failure block，否则继续3- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithHTTPMethod:(NSString *)methodURLString:(NSString *)URLStringparameters:(id)parametersuploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressdownloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgresssuccess:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, id))successfailure:(void (^)(NSURLSessionDataTask *, NSError *))failure{NSError *serializationError = nil;NSMutableURLRequest *request = [self.requestSerializer requestWithMethod:method URLString:[[NSURL URLWithString:URLString relativeToURL:self.baseURL] absoluteString] parameters:parameters error:&serializationError]; if (serializationError) {if (failure) {#pragma clang diagnostic push#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"dispatch_async(pletionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{failure(nil, serializationError);});#pragma clang diagnostic pop}return nil;}__block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;dataTask = [self dataTaskWithRequest:requestuploadProgress:uploadProgressdownloadProgress:downloadProgresscompletionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * __unused response, id responseObject, NSError *error) {if (error) {if (failure) {failure(dataTask, error);}} else {if (success) {success(dataTask, responseObject);}}}];return dataTask;}3、为每⼀个NSURLSessionDataTask的dataTask增加代理- (NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)requestuploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlockdownloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlockcompletionHandler:(nullable void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error))completionHandler {__block NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = nil;url_session_manager_create_task_safely(^{dataTask = [self.session dataTaskWithRequest:request];});[self addDelegateForDataTask:dataTask uploadProgress:uploadProgressBlock downloadProgress:downloadProgressBlock completionHandler:completionHandler];return dataTask;}4、对每⼀个NSURLSessionDataTask的dataTask增加代理的具体实现，对dataTask设置请求之后的回调Delegate和处理block- (void)addDelegateForDataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTaskuploadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *uploadProgress)) uploadProgressBlockdownloadProgress:(nullable void (^)(NSProgress *downloadProgress)) downloadProgressBlockcompletionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error))completionHandler{AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate *delegate = [[AFURLSessionManagerTaskDelegate alloc] init];delegate.manager = self;pletionHandler = completionHandler;dataTask.taskDescription = self.taskDescriptionForSessionTasks;[self setDelegate:delegate forTask:dataTask];delegate.uploadProgressBlock = uploadProgressBlock;delegate.downloadProgressBlock = downloadProgressBlock;}#pragma clang diagnostic push#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu"dispatch_async(pletionQueue ?: dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{failure(nil, serializationError);});#pragma clang diagnostic pop表⽰在这个区间⾥忽略⼀些特定的clang的编译警告，因为AFNetworking作为⼀个库被其他项⽬引⽤，所以不能全局忽略clang的⼀些警告，只能在有需要的时候局部这样做，作者喜欢⽤?:符号，所以经常见忽略-Wgnu警告的写法NSURLConnection是 Foundation URL 加载系统的基⽯。

flask controller层调用model层方法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述在现代Web开发中，Flask框架已经成为了许多开发者的首选工具。

它是一个轻量级的Python Web框架，简单易用，同时功能强大。

在Flask 框架中，Controller层起着控制应用逻辑和处理用户请求的作用，而Model层则负责与数据库交互和数据处理。

在本文中，我们将探讨如何在Flask应用中，Controller层调用Model层的方法，实现数据的传递和处理，从而构建一个完整的Web应用。

通过对这一过程的深入分析，我们可以更好地理解Flask框架的组成和工作原理，为今后的开发实践提供指导和借鉴。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分应该包括以下内容：1. 引言部分：介绍文章的背景和动机，引出文章要讨论的主题。

2. 正文部分：详细讨论Flask框架的基本概念、Controller层和Model 层的作用，以及它们之间的关系和调用方法。

3. 结论部分：总结文章的主要观点，强调Controller层调用Model 层方法的重要性，并展望未来可能的发展方向。

4. 参考文献：列出文章所涉及的相关文献和参考资料。

1.3 目的:本文旨在探讨在Flask框架中，如何正确地实现Controller层调用Model层方法的操作。

通过深入分析Flask框架的结构和各层的作用，我们将探讨如何合理地将业务逻辑划分到Controller和Model两层中，并且通过实际代码示例演示如何在Controller层中调用Model层的方法。

通过本文的研究，读者可以更好地理解Flask框架的设计原则，提高代码的可维护性和扩展性。

同时，我们也将探讨Controller层调用Model层方法的重要性，以及展望未来在这方面的发展方向。

愿本文能为读者带来启发，促进Flask框架的进一步发展。

2.正文2.1 Flask框架简介Flask框架是一个轻量级的Web应用框架，由Python语言编写而成。

About the T utorialLaravel is a powerful MVC PHP framework, designed for developers who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications. Laravel was created by Taylor Otwell. This is a brief tutorial that explains the basics of Laravel framework. AudienceThis tutorial will guide the developers and students who want to learn how to develop a website using Laravel. This tutorial is particularly meant for all those developers who have no prior experience of using Laravel.PrerequisitesBefore you start proceeding with this tutorial, we make an assumption that you are familiar with HTML, Core PHP, and Advance PHP. We have used Laravel version 5.1 in all the examples.Copyright & DisclaimerCopyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright & Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i i RAVEL – OVERVIEW (1)Introduction (1)Laravel – Features (1)RAVEL – INSTALLATION (2)RAVEL – APPLICATION STRUCTURE (4)Root Directory (4)App Directory (5)RAVEL – CONFIGURATION (6)Basic Configuration (6)Environmental Configuration (6)Database Configuration (7)Naming the Application (8)Maintenance Mode (8)RAVEL – ROUTING (10)Basic Routing (10)Routing Parameters (13)RAVEL — MIDDLEWARE (16)Define Middleware (16)Register Middleware (17)Middleware Parameters (19)Terminable Middleware (22)RAVEL – CONTROLLERS (27)Basic Controllers (27)Controller Middleware (28)Restful Resource Controllers (33)Implicit Controllers (35)Constructor Injection (38)Method Injection (39)RAVEL — REQUEST (41)Retrieving the Request URI (41)Retrieving Input (43)RAVEL – COOKIE (47)Creating Cookie (47)Retrieving Cookie (47)RAVEL — RESPONSE (51)Basic Response (51)Attaching Headers (51)Attaching Cookies (52)JSON Response (53)RAVEL — VIEWS (54)Understanding Views (54)Passing Data to Views (55)Sharing Data with all Views (55)Blade Templates (57)RAVEL — REDIRECTIONS (61)Redirecting to Named Routes (61)Redirecting to Controller Actions (62)RAVEL — WORKING WITH DATABASE (64)Connecting to Database (64)Insert Records (64)Retrieve Records (67)Update Records (70)Delete Records (74)RAVEL — ERRORS AND LOGGING (78)Errors (78)Logging (78)RAVEL – FORMS (79)RAVEL – LOCALIZATION (85)RAVEL — SESSION (89)Accessing Session Data (89)Storing Session Data (89)Deleting Session Data (89)RAVEL – VALIDATION (93)RAVEL – FILE UPLOADING (98)RAVEL – SENDING EMAIL (102)RAVEL – AJAX (108)RAVEL – ERROR HANDLING (111)HTTP Exceptions (111)Custom Error pages (111)RAVEL – EVENT HANDLING (114)RAVEL – FACADES (122)RAVEL – SECURITY (128)Laravel 6IntroductionLaravel is an MVC framework with bundles, migrations, and Artisan CLI. Laravel offers a robust set of tools and an application architecture that incorporates many of the best features of frameworks like CodeIgniter, Yii, MVC, Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, and others. Laravel is an Open Source framework. It has a very rich set of features which will boost the speed of Web Development. If you familiar with Core PHP and Advanced PHP, Laravel will make your task easier. It will save a lot time if you are planning to develop a website from scratch. Not only that, the website built in Laravel is also secure. It prevents the various attacks that can take place on websites.Laravel – FeaturesLaravel offers the following key features:∙Modularity ∙Testability ∙Routing ∙Configuration management ∙Query builder and ORM (O bject R elational M apper) ∙Schema builder, migrations, and seeding ∙Template engine ∙E-mailing ∙Authentication ∙Redis ∙Queues ∙ Event and command bus1. Laravel – OverviewLaravel 7For managing dependencies, Laravel uses composer . Make sure you have a Composer installed on your system before you install Laravel.Step 1: Visit the following URL and download composer to install it on your system. https:///download/Step 2: After the Composer is installed, check the installation by typing the Composer command in the command prompt as shown in the following screenshot.Step 3: Create a new directory anywhere in your system for your new Laravel project. After that, move to path where you have created the new directory and type the following command there to install Laravel.composer create-project laravel/laravel –prefer-distStep 4: The above command will install Laravel in the current directory. Start the Laravel service by executing the following command.php artisan serve2. Laravel – InstallationLaravel Step 5: After executing the above command, you will see a screen as shown below:Step 6: Copy the URL underlined in gray in the above screenshot and open that URL in the browser. If you see the following screen, it implies Laravel has been installed successfully.8Laravel 9Root DirectoryThe root directory of Laravel contains various folders and files as shown in the following figure.∙ app: This directory contains the core code of the application.∙ bootstrap: This directory contains the application bootstrapping script.∙ config: This directory contains configuration files of application.∙ database: This folder contains your database migration and seeds.∙ public: This is the application’s document root. It starts the Laravel application. It also contains the assets of the application like JavaScript, CSS, Images, etc.3. Laravel – Application StructureLaravel ∙resources: This directory contains raw assets such as the LESS & Sass files, localization and language files, and Templates that are rendered as HTML.∙storage: This directory contains App storage, like file uploads etc. Framework storage (cache), and application-generated logs.∙test: This directory contains various test cases.∙vendor: This directory contains composer dependencies.App DirectoryThis is the application directory. It contains a variety of additional directories, which are described below:∙Console: All the artisan commands are stored in this directory.∙Events: This directory stores events that your application can raise. Events may be used to alert other parts of your application that a given action has occurred, providinga great deal of flexibility and decoupling.∙Exceptions: This directory contains your application's exception handler and is also a good place to stick any exceptions thrown by your application.∙Http: This directory contains your controllers, filters, and requests.∙Jobs: This directory contains the queueable jobs for your application.∙Listeners: This directory contains the handler classes for your events. Handlers receive an event and perform logic in response to the event being fired. For example, a UserRegistered event might be handled by a SendWelcomeEmail listener.∙Policies: This directory contains various policies of the application.∙Providers: This directory contains various service providers.LaravelThe config directory, as the name implies, contains all of your application's configuration files. In this directory, you will find various files needed to configure database, session, mail, application, services etc.Basic Configuration∙After installing Laravel, the first thing we need to do is to set the write permission for the directory storage and bootstrap/cache .∙Generate Application key to secure session and other encrypted data. If the root directory doesn’t contain the .env file then rename the .env.example to .env file and execute the following command where you have installed Laravel. The newly generated key can be seen in the .env file.∙ You can also configure the locale, time zone, etc. of the application in the config/app.phpfile.Environmental ConfigurationLaravel provides facility to run your application in different environment like testing, production etc. You can configure the environment of your application in the .env file of the root directory of your application. If you have installed Laravel using composer, this file will automatically be created.4. Laravel – ConfigurationIn case you haven’t installed Laravel, you can simply rename the .env.example file to .env file. A sample of Laravel.env file is shown below.Notice the text underlined gray in the above image. Local environment variable has been set. It can further be changed to production or testing as per your requirement. Database ConfigurationThe database of your application can be configured from config/database.php file. You can set configuration parameters that can be used by different databases and you can also set the default one to use.Naming the ApplicationThe App Directory, by default, is namespaced under App. To rename it, you can execute the following command and rename the namespace.php artisan app:name <name-of-your-application>Replace the <name-of-your-application> with the new name of your application that you want to give.Maintenance ModeWe need to modify our website on a regular basis. The website needs to be put on maintenance mode for this. Laravel has made this job easier. There are two artisan commands which are used to start and stop the maintenance mode which are described below.Start Maintenance ModeTo start the maintenance mode, simply execute the following command.php artisan downAfter successful execution, you will receive the following output:It will activate the Maintenance mode and all the request to server will be redirected to a single maintenance page as shown in the following screenshot.Stop Maintenance Mode∙After making changes to your website and to start it again, execute the following command.php artisan up∙After successful execution, you will receive the following output:ravel – RoutingLaravelBasic RoutingBasic routing is meant to route your request to an appropriate controller. The routes of the application can be defined in app/Http/routes.php file. Here is the general route syntax for each of the possible request.Route::get('/', function () {return 'Hello World';});Route::post('foo/bar', function () {return 'Hello World';});Route::put('foo/bar', function () {//});Route::delete('foo/bar', function () {//});Let us now understand how to see the Laravel homepage with the help of routing. Exampleapp/Http/routes.php<?phpRoute::get('/', function () {return view('welcome');});resources/view/welcome.blade.php<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Laravel</title><link href="https:///css?family=Lato:100" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><style>html, body {height: 100%;}body {margin: 0;padding: 0;width: 100%;display: table;font-weight: 100;font-family: 'Lato';}.container {text-align: center;display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;}.content {text-align: center;display: inline-block;}.title {font-size: 96px;}</style></head><body><div class="container"><div class="content"><div class="title">Laravel 5</div></div></div></body></html>The routing mechanism is depicted in the following image:Let us now understand the steps in detail:Step 1: First, we need to execute the root URL of the application.∙Step 2: The executed URL will match with the appropriate method in the route.php file. In our case, it will match to get the method and the root (‘/’) URL. This will execute the related function.∙Step 3: The function calls the template file resources/views/welcome.blade.php.The function later calls the view() function with argument ‘welcome’ without using the blade.php. It will produce the following HTML output.Routing ParametersOften in the application, we intend to capture the parameters passed with the URL. To do this, we need to modify the code in routes.php file accordingly. There are two ways by which we can capture the parameters passed with the URL.∙Required Parameters∙Optional ParametersRequired ParametersThese parameters must be present in the URL. For example, you may intend to capture the ID from the URL to do something with that ID. Here is the sample coding for routes.php file for that purpose.Route::get('ID/{id}',function($id){echo 'ID: '.$id;});Whatever argument that we pass after the root URL (http://localhost:8000/ID/5), it will be stored in $id and we can use that parameter for further processing but here we are simply displaying it. We can pass it onto view or controller for further processing.Optional ParametersThere are some parameters which may or may not be present in the URL and in such cases we can use the optional parameters. The presence of these parameters is not necessary in the URL. These parameters are indicated by “?”sign after the name of the parameters. Here is the sample coding for routes.php file for that purpose.Route::get('/user/{name?}',function($name = 'Virat'){echo "Name: ".$name;});Exampleroutes.php<?php// First Route method – Root URL will match this methodRoute::get('/', function () {return view('welcome');});// Second Route method – Root URL with ID will match this methodRoute::get('ID/{id}',function($id){echo 'ID: '.$id;});// Third Route method – Root URL with or without name will match this method Route::get('/user/{name?}',function($name = 'Virat Gandhi'){echo "Name: ".$name;});Step 1: Here, we have defined 3 routes with get methods for different purposes. If we execute the below URL then it will execute the first method.http://localhost:8000Step 2: After successful execution of the URL, you will receive the following output:Step 3: If we execute the below URL, it will execute the 2nd method and the argument/parameter ID will be passed to the variable $id.http://localhost:8000/ID/5Step 4: After successful execution of the URL, you will receive the following output:Step 5: If we execute the below URL, it will execute the 3rd method and the optional argument/parameter name will be passed to the variable $name. The last argument ‘Virat’is optional. If you remove it, the default name will be used that we have passed in the function as ‘Virat Gandhi’http://localhost:8000/user/ViratStep 6: After successful execution of the URL, you will receive the following output:Note: Regular expression can also be used to match the parameters.End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。

一、引言Android 学习已有一年半有余，先后做过两款游戏、三款应用和搭建一台服务端，也了解过一些Android相关的源码（JDK、SDK和NDK），学习Android不仅是对前沿开发技术的了解，也是对编程知识的一次提升。

巩固和学习了更多的Android的控件、布局、Activity、Service等一系列基础知识，对整个Android的开发有了大致的了解。

android入门后，只会照着别人的葫芦来画瓢，即没有设计思想，也没有自主原创的代码，不好不好于是乎，进了公司跟着项目走，用项目来驱动自己去学习和提高公司是1+1开发模式，即1个美工 + 1个工程师，负责完成一个项目（主要是游戏开发），就完全需要自己设计游戏的布局、逻辑，以及各种动画，来增强用户体验的效果当时主要是看Android官方的SDK API文档、中文API文档、 JDK源码，对有些感念不清楚，就上论坛去找答案，如CSDN、ITEye、IBM、知乎，或者去啃google 官方的文档。

二、新掌握的Java基础学习2.1、Activity View、Surfaceview的理解掌握了常用控件、view、surfaceview使用方式，知道怎样去适配不同屏幕后，每天就是重复的工作，堆砌代码，难以进一步去提升自己于是就自己给自个找点事干，自定义控件，如对话框背景等，或去google code找些开源的代码下来研究，学习人家的设计思想、模块功能的划分、代码组织结构等知识这个过程中，涉及到的知识比较多，如版本管理工具SVN、Git、Mercurial，如设计模式的思想，如怎样构建通用的开源应用框架（考虑sdk1.5等版本），如何适用在不同屏幕分辨率的手机上等等学习中会不断遇到一个又一个新的问题，因此需要不断去查资料、再学习各种工具，逐步积累，潜移默化中自己掌握的知识和工具就多了，眼界也开阔了。

2.2、android-pulltorefresh一个强大的拉动刷新开源项目，支持各种控件下拉刷新，ListView、ViewPager、WevView、ExpandableListView、GridView、ScrollView、Horizontal ScrollView、Fragment上下左右拉动刷新，比下面johannilsson那个只支持ListView的强大的多。

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/file/64269797从网络上获取图片.rar: /file/64269798仓库管理系统(单机版).rar: /file/64269799仿ireader书架.rar: /file/64269800仿优酷Android客户端图片左右滑动（自动滑动）.rar: /file/64269801 仿百度新闻（手机端和服务器端源代码）.rar: /file/64269802休闲生活网络版服务器直接访问即可.rar: /file/64269810使用Vitamio打造自己的Android万能播放器（1）——在线播放.rar: /file/64269803侧边栏滑动.rar: /file/64269804免流量蓝牙聊天软件源码.rar: /file/64269805击溃360手机卫士的三大防护.rar: /file/64269806动画效果translate、scale、alpha、rotate 切换Activity动画控件位置调整.rar: /file/64269807原来PATH的菜单效果如此简单。

2024年招聘笔试题及解答(答案在后面)一、单项选择题（本大题有10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、以下哪项不是招聘过程中常用的选拔方法？A、面试B、背景调查C、心理测试D、健康体检2、在招聘过程中，以下哪项行为属于合法的招聘行为？A、要求应聘者提供种族、宗教信仰等个人信息B、提供虚假的工作描述以吸引应聘者C、在招聘广告中明确指出只招聘男性或女性D、提供真实的职位信息，尊重应聘者的隐私3、关于Java中的数组，下列哪种说法是正确的？A、数组的长度一旦确定就不能改变。

B、数组可以自动增长。

C、数组长度可以随意修改。

D、数组可以在运行时动态创建任意大小。

4、在Java中，下列哪个关键字可以用来修饰接口，但不能用于修饰类？A、finalB、abstractC、staticD、transient5、在Excel中，以下哪个功能可以实现数据的自动排序？A、数据透视表B、排序C、筛选D、审阅6、以下哪个CSS属性可以设置元素的字体大小？A、font-sizeB、colorC、backgroundD、border7、一家公司有A、B两个部门，A部门有40名员工，B部门有60名员工。

如果从这两个部门随机抽取一名员工参加培训，那么抽中A部门员工的概率是多少？A. 1/3B. 1/2C. 2/5D. 3/58、在一次会议中，需要从10位候选人中选出3位作为新项目的负责人。

如果每位候选人都有同等的机会被选上，那么有多少种不同的组合方式可以选出这3位负责人？A. 120B. 210C. 360D. 7209、在项目管理中，以下哪个阶段不是项目生命周期的典型阶段？A. 启动阶段B. 规划阶段C. 执行阶段D. 评估阶段 10、以下哪个工具通常用于识别和记录项目中的风险？A. Gantt图B. 风险登记册C.PERT图D.PERT分析二、多项选择题（本大题有10小题，每小题4分，共40分）1、面试官想知道应聘者对未来的发展规划，这个问题更多是考察应聘者的：A、职业规划意识B、团队合作能力C、目标设定能力D、创新能力2、在进行面试时，应聘者能够合理安排时间并高效利用资源，这反映了应聘者的：A、沟通能力B、时间管理能力C、项目管理能力D、自学能力3、下列选项中，属于市场营销管理四大职能的是：A. 市场调研B. 产品开发C. 价格制定D. 分销渠道管理4、以下哪些因素可能影响消费者的购买决策？A. 产品的实际性能B. 品牌形象C. 个人价值观D. 社会环境5、以下哪几项属于团队合作中的有效沟通技巧？A. 倾听他人的意见并给予反馈B. 明确表达自己的观点而不考虑他人感受C. 在会议中保持沉默以免冲突D. 使用非言语信号来辅助表达E. 尊重团队成员的不同观点6、在项目管理中，以下哪几种方法可以用来评估项目的进度？A. 关键路径法（CPM）B. 计划评审技术（PERT）C. 挣值管理（EVM）D. 德尔菲法（Delphi Method）E. SWOT分析7、以下哪些是现代企业人力资源管理中的战略性职能？（）A. 招聘与配置B. 培训与发展C. 绩效管理D. 薪酬福利管理E. 劳动关系管理8、在项目管理中，以下哪些是项目风险管理的关键步骤？（）A. 风险识别B. 风险分析C. 风险应对计划D. 风险监控E. 风险规避9、以下关于Java集合框架的描述，哪些是正确的？A. ArrayList 是线程安全的集合B. HashMap 允许存储null值但不允许存储null键C. HashSet 内部使用数组加链地址法解决哈希冲突D. LinkedList 同时实现了List和Queue接口E. Vector 是线程安全的集合F. TreeSet 是基于红黑树实现，能够保持数据的排序顺序9、DE•解析：选项A错误，ArrayList不是线程安全的，不能直接在多线程环境下使用。