让步状语从句

让步状语从句

一、概念：让步状语——这是一个比较奇怪的名字。所谓让步，简单地说就是降低标准或者说是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉，一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”。

二、引导词：（1）though / although （虽然，纵然）

（2）even if / even though （即使…纵使…）

（3）while / as （虽然..但是..）

（4）whether...or... (无论是否或不管是…还是…)

（5）no matter+疑问词/疑问词-ever （不管…都…）

（6）regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句

（7）despite / in spite of (尽管)

三、重点讲解：

1．although 和though 引导的让步状语从句：

1）两个词同义，一般情况下可以互换使用。

E.g. He didn’t light the fire though / although it was cold.

2）although 比though 较正式，语气较重，常用于强调让步概念。

E.g. He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.

3）though可以和even 连用，但although 不可以。

E.g. Although (Even though) the traffic held us up, we got to the airport on time.

4）当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况，不指事实时，通常用though，而不用although。

E.g. Though all the world were against me, I shall still hold to my opinion.

5）Though可作副词，表示“然而”，放在句末或其他位置。而although 则不行。

E.g. He said he would come; he didn’t, though.

6）though引导的从句可用倒装语序（即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前），而although 不能这样用。

E.g. Young though she is, yet she is fit for the job. (= Young as she is, …)

7）有时可用副词yet, still, nevertheless (但不能用连词but) 来配合连接词though 或although，以加强语气。

E.g. Though he is over seventy, yet / still / nevertheless he can ride the bike.

8）though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be 可以省略，如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时。

E.g. Though (it was) cold, it was a fine winter morning.

Though (they were) very tired, they continued to march on.

2.even if, even though和if 引导的让步状语从句：

1）even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”；though 引导的从句指事实，意为“尽管”、“虽然”。

E.g. He will not reveal the secret, even though he knows it. (可能知道，也可能不知道。)

He will not reveal the secret though he knows it. (虽然知道，却不说出来。)

Even though you have a lot of money, I won’t love you.

Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it.

注：if 有时也可以用于让步含义，但要注意条件if 与让步if 的区别，试比较：

E.g. If he is poor, how can he buy the house? (条件)

If he is poor, he is at least honest. (让步) (= even if)

If John had been there, I would have seen him. (条件)

If John was there, I didn ’t see him. (让步) (= even if)

3.while 引导的让步状语从句：

while (= although),表示“尽管”“虽然”，它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首。 E.g. While you may be right, I can ’t altogether agree.

While 考点一: 表示让步，意为“尽管”“虽然”

考点二：表示对比或转折，意为“而”“但是”

注意比较下列各句：

While I understand what you say, I can ’t agree with you. (让步)

While I was reading, the light went out. (时间)

He is lazy, while his brother is diligent. (转折、对比)

4.whether …or …(是…还是…)引导的让步状语从句：

△ 这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后。

E.g. Whether you like it or not, you ’ll have to do it.

She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.

5.no matter+疑问词 /疑问词-ever （不管…都…）

who what no matter+ which when where how

E.g. We must begin testing this instrument, no matter how (= however) difficult it is. No matter where (= Wherever) you are, I shall be with you.

No matter who (= Whoever) you are, you should pay your tax.

No matter which (= Whichever) you like, take it away.

No matter what (= Whatever) you do, try to do it better.

1）由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 引导的让步状语从句： E.g. Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I will go.

Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm.

2）由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句。

E.g. Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one.

Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection.

3）由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句.

E.g. However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfill it on time.

注意：由whenever, wherever 引导的从句，同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句， 这里作为让步状语从句来看待，是强调它们带有no matter when, no matter where 的 含义。在口语中用no matter +wh- 结构比较常见。

6.regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句 E.g. Praise good work, regardless of who did it.

Regardless of danger, he climbed the tower. whoever whatever whichever whenever wherever however 二者辨析

相同之处

在让步状语从句中

可以相互替换

不同之处

后者能引导名词性

从句