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英语to do和doing的固定短语afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：汉语说：“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。
习惯上后接to do sth和for doing sth的常见名词1. authority 权力用于authority to do sth，表示“做某事的权力”。
如：We have the authority to search the building. 我们有权搜查这座建筑物。
Only the manager has authority to sign cheques. 只有经理有权签署支票。
有时也用the authority for doing sth，但不如用authority to do sth普通。
如：What authority have you for entering this house? 你有什么权力进入这座房子?You don’t have any authority for entering this house.It’s private.你们没有任何权力进入这所房子，这是私宅。
2. mood 心情其后可接不定式或for doing sth，表示“……的心情（心思）”，尤其用于以下结构：(1) be in no mood for (doing) sth [to do sth] 没有心情做某事，全然不想做某事。
如：He’s in no mood for telling jokes [to tell jokes].他没心情说笑话。
You kids had better shape up, because I’m in no mood to fool around.你们这些孩子最好规矩点，我可不想浪费时间。
(2) be in the mood for (doing) sth [to do sth]（有意做某事）。
如：I’m in the mood for dancing.我想跳舞。
I’m not in the mood to argue with you.我没有心思跟你吵。
3. plan 计划表示做某事的计划，其后可接不定式，也可接for doing sth。
Usedto用法小结今日给大家带来used to的用法，让我们一起来学习吧。
下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
情态动词used to在句子中的用法一、Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。
如：1.He told us he used to play football when he was young.他告知我们他年轻时常常踢足球。
2.I weigh less than I used to.我的体重比以前轻了。
3.He is used to eating out all the time.他已经习惯在外面吃饭了。
4.Youll get used to it.你会习惯的。
5.Are you used to the food here?你习惯吃这儿的饭菜吗?6.I used to get up early and take an hours walk before breakfast.我过去经常起床很早并且在早餐前漫步一小时。
7.Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30.过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄。
8.Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons.杰克过去经常关心玛丽学习功课。
二、在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：1、疑问句Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?2、否定句I usednt to go there.I didnt use to go there.3、否定疑问句Usent you to be interested in the theatre?Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre?4、强调句I certainly used to smoke,but it was a long time ago.I certainly did use to smoke,but it was a long time ago.5、其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat,didnt she? (口语+常用)/ use(d)nt she? (正式+过时)Did you use to play chess? Yes,I did.Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes,I did. (Yes,I used to.)Used to 用法小结01 一、把握used to的构成used to+动词原形，其中to是不定式符号02 二、把握used to用法。
Unit 4知识点P25ed to do sth.过去常常做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事He used to get up late,but now he is used to getting up early.他过去常常起床很迟，但是现在习惯于早起。
I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去害怕黑暗。
ed to do sth.中used 不随主语的变化而变化。
Mario, you used to be short ,didn’t you ? Mario,你过去很矮，不是吗？Yes,I did./No, I didn’t.(依据事实来答）3.What’s sb like ?可用来提问人的相貌，也可用来提问人的性格、品质。
而What does sb look like?只用来提问相貌What’s your math teacher like?既可以回答：He’s tall and thin.也可以说He’s outgoing.What does your sister look like?-She’s of medium build with short hair.她中等身材，留着短发。
P264.humorous adj.有幽默感的、滑稽有趣的serious adj.严肃的;重大的;认真的;严重的5.silent adj.不说话的，沉默的be /keep /stay siltent 保持沉默silently adv. She was always silent in class.她在课堂上总是不说话。
in silence 安静地，无声地He walked into the room in silence.She got good grades in silence.她默默地取得了好成绩。
6.helpful adj. 有帮助的；有用的a helpful suggestion 一条有用的建议be helpful to sb. 对某人有用a helpful child 一个乐于助人的小孩7.from time to time 时常；有时=sometimes =at timesShe still plays the piano from time to time.=At times she still plays the piano.8.such /so①such+a/an+adj.+n.(单数）=so+adj.+a/an+n.(单数）such a nice coat=so nice a coatsuch a happy childhood 如此快乐的一段童年时光①such +adj.+n.(pl.)/不可数名词such nice coats①so many/much/little /fewso many mistakes 这么多错误such a great idea 如此好的一个主意=so great a idea9.It’s been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自从上次我们小学同学见面已经三年了。
默写短语：1.习惯于2.目的、旨在、针对3.专心于4. 致力于、献身于5.被理想的大学录取6.附属于，附上；喜爱,7.与..息息相关8.忙于9.相信，坚信10.下定决心做某事11. 涉及、参加12.得知; 知悉; 听说, 13.接触传统文化14. 比较,对照; 比喻为, 15.为…所打算或准备的16.计划做某事17. 应该做某事18. 一定做某事19.穿戴着20.拥挤着“be + 过去分词+ 介词”的常考必背短语归纳2018.6.41.be accustomed /used to doing 习惯于be aimed at doing/to do sth 目的、旨在、针对2.be absorbed in 专心于 be buried in 埋头于、专心于 be devoted to 致力于、献身于* apply oneself to doing sth专心致力于做be applied to sth 应用于，适用于3.be addicted to doing 沉迷于be lost in thought 陷入沉思4.be admitted to/into an ideal university 被理想的大学录取be attached to sb/ sth 附属于，附上；喜爱, 爱慕；5.be associated with= be closely related to与..息息相关=be linked with=be connected with和…有关6. be caught / trapped /stuck in 被困于, 陷入(困境) be faced /confronted with failure 面对失败7. be occupied in (doing)/ with (sth.)忙于=be engaged in sth/to sb 忙于、从事于=be employed in doing8.be (fully/greatly) convinced of sth/that 相信，坚信be determined to do 下定决心做某事9. be/get involved in 涉及、参加be informed of sth得知; 知悉; 听说,10.be exposed to traditional customs接触传统文化 be compared to/with比较,对照; 比喻为,比作11.be intended/ meant for 为…所打算或准备的be scheduled to do 计划做某事12.be charged with=be accused of 因…被指控be equipped/armed with 装备着，配备着13.be concerned/worried about 关心、为…担心be fed up with =be tired of厌倦，厌烦14.be supposed to do 应该做某事be bound to do 一定做某事15.be (widely) regarded /recognized/taken/known as被认为是... be honore d with 被授予16.be made up of=be composed of 由…组成be (perfectly) acquainted with 了解，熟悉17.be surprised /astonished/amazed/shocked at 对…惊讶的be dressed in 穿戴着18.be covered with be surrounded by be based on be set in be crowded with be burdened/loaded with阅读理解解题策略一、整体要求1．不要用手指或笔尖指着单词一个一个地读，而是以句子为单位整句整句地读，整句整句的理解其汉语含义。
start to do sth 与start doing sth的区别start doing sth和start to do的区别begin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4) 物作主语时It began to melt另：英语中的begin 与start 都有“开始”的意思，但在实际运用中，却有很多不同一 . 相同之处1. 意为“开始；发生；发起”时，两者可互换。
如：Then he began/ started a series of experiments. 然后他就开始做一系列的实验。
How did the accident begin/ start？事故是怎样发生的？2. 表示开始某一动作时，后面跟不定式或动名词所表达的意思是相同的。
但当表示开始一项较长时间或经常性的活动时，后接动名词的形式则更为常见。
如：The child began crying/ to cry. 那小孩开始哭了。
3. 两者在下列情况下常接不定式，不接动名词：（1 ）主语是无生命的事物，而不是人时。
如：The ice began/ started to melt. 冰开始融化了。
（2 ）当began 和start 用于进行时态时。
习惯上后接to doing sth的名词根据英语的搭配习惯，有些名词通常要后接to doing sth，而不接to do sth，因为其中的to是介词，而不是不定式符号。
这类名词比较常用的有：1. alternative 选择，可供选择的办法，替换用于alternative to doing sth，其意为“代替……的选择”。
如：Unfortunately, there’s no practical alternative to driving. 遗憾的是，除了开车没有其他可行的方案。
Amalgamation was the only alternative to going bankrupt. 要想不破产，唯一的选择就是联合起来。
说明：have no alternative to doing sth与have no alternative but to do sth大致同义，均表示“除了做某事外没有其他的办法”，但前一结构中的to是介词，后接动词要用动名词，后一结构中的to为不定式符号。
如：He had no alternative to staying at home.= He had no alternative but to stay at home. 他没有别的办法，只好呆在家里。
另外，the alternative之后有时也接of doing sth，但此时不是表示“选择……代替……”而是表示同位关系。
如：We took the alternative of keeping quiet. 我们选择了保持沉默。
You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉，任你选择。
2. aversion 讨厌，憎恶用于aversion to doing sth，表示“讨厌做某事”。
如：He had an aversion to getting up early. 他十分讨厌早起。
一、动名词1. 英语中有些动词后面跟动词时，只能跟动名词而不能接不定式，这些动词有：admit，acknowledge 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏; consider,考虑avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意 miss(错过) miss 想念postpone 推迟practise 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.Have you considered going abroad for your education?They don’t want to risk losing their lives.一些动词词组后也只能接动名词：feel like，admit to，prefer…to，be(get) used to, be accustomed to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，contribute to， pay attention to，look forward to(to为介词) It's worth…,as well as, be busy, can't help, It's no use /good，be tired of, be fond of, be capable of,be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about,hold off, put off, keep on,insist on, count on / upon, set about, be successful in, succeed in,be good at, take up,give up, burst out, prevent … from…,He is used to living in the countryside.It’s no use talking too much.The joke is so funny that I can’t help laughing.I am tired of working here.2. worth的用法worth，worthy，worth-while 都为形容词。
习惯上后接for doing sth的名词根据英语的搭配习惯，有些名词通常要可接for doing sth作定语，而不接to do sth。
这类名词比较常用的有：1. apology道歉用于apology for doing sth，意为“为做某事而道歉”。
如：I make no apology for repeating the question. 我多问一遍又没有错。
I must offer her an apology for not going to her party. 我必须为未参加她的晚会表示歉意。
I must offer my apology for not coming to your party. 我没来参加你的晚会，必须向你道歉。
2. aptitude才能，天资用于aptitude for doing sth，意为“做某事的才能（资质、天资）”。
如：He has a natural aptitude for teaching. 他有教书的天赋。
Edison had a great aptitude for inventing things. 爱迪生具有发明创造的卓越才能。
His aptitude for dealing with children got him the job. 他善于与儿童打交道的本事使他得到了这份工作。
有时用于反语。
如：He has an unfortunate aptitude for saying the wrong thing. 他有失言的倒霉本事。
3. excuse 借口用于excuse for doing sth，表示“做某事的借口”。
如：The student fabricate an excuse for being late. 这名学生为迟到编了一个借口。
His excuse for being late was that he had missed the bus. 他迟到的理由是没有赶上公共汽车。
初中英语部分知识点一、初中常见必须后接动词ing形式的词和短语喜欢（enjoy）介意（mind）想要（feel like）训练（practice ）放弃（give up）不禁（csn 't help）值得（be worth）坚持（keep/carry on）忙于（be busy）完成（finish ）建议（suggest）考虑（consider ）做…很开心（have fun doing sth.）对…注意（pay attention to doing sth.）习惯做…（be used to doing sth.）期望做…（look forward to doing sth.）坚持做…（stick to doing sth.）导致做…（lead to doing sth.）贡献于…（make a contribution to doing sth.）做…有困难（have trouble /difficulty/problem in doing sth.）in可要可不要部分助记口诀：喜不喜欢不介意，想要训练莫放弃，不禁值得去坚持，忙于完成最无益。
二、初中常见后接动词不定式的词want (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事choose to do sth 选择做某事agree to do sth 同意做某事expect to do sth 期待做某事wish/hope to do sth 希望做某事decide to do sth 决定做某事prefer to do sth 更喜欢做某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事fail to do sth 没能做成某事dare to do sth 敢于做某事encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事in order to do sth 为了做某事ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事plan to do sth 计划做某事be ready to do sth 准备做某事teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事It takes sb +时间+ to do sth 花费某人多少时间做某事(spend + doing sth.)三、初中常见后接动词原形的词和短语1. 情态动词need（需要）must（必须）can / could（能）shall / should（应该）will / would（将）may / might（或许）2.使役动词let（让）make（使，让）help（帮助）have做三点提醒：A.不是所有使役动词后都可以直接加动词原形，主要是上面四个B.make、have后面加动词原形时动词和宾语是主动关系，也就是动作是它前面的宾语发出的。
习惯上后接to do sth的名词有些名词后接一个动词作定语时，该动词通常用不定式形式，而不用of doing sth结构。
这类名词比较常用的有以下一些。
1. agreement 协议表示“做某事的协议”，其后通常接不定式。
如：They had an agreement never to talk about work at home. 他们约定在家里决不谈工作。
We have an agreement to always tell each other the truth about everything. 我们约定无论何时彼此都要讲实话。
2. appointment 约定表示“做某事的约定”，其后通常接不定式，尤其用于have [make] an appointment to do sth结构。
如：I have an appointment to see the doctor. 我约好要去看医生。
I’ve got an appointment to see Ms Edwards at two o’clock.我与爱德华在2点钟有约会。
I keep trying to make an appointment to see him, but he has been ducking me. 我一直努力约见他，但他始终回避我。
有时不定式前可以用for sb引出不定式的逻辑主语。
如：She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
3. anxiety 渴望；焦急，着急表示“某人急于（渴望）做某事”，其后通常接不定式。
如：Her anxiety to go was obvious. 她亟于想去是很明显的。
I nearly fell in my anxiety to get downstairs quickly. 我急匆匆地下楼，差点摔倒。
In my anxiety to succeed, I overworked myself. 由于急于求成，我把自己累坏了。
有时可将其中的不定式改为for sth，但不宜改为for doing sth。
如：他渴望成功之心使他努力工作。
误：His anxiety for succeeding led him to work hard.正：His anxiety to succeed led him to work hard.正：His anxiety for success led him to work hard.4. aspiration 渴望，抱负，志气表示“做某事的志向或渴望”，其后通常接不定式。
如：She was filled with the aspiration to succeed in life. 她渴望有所成就。
He has an aspiration to become a scholar. 他怀有要成为学者的抱负。
He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of money. 他从未企图赚很多钱。
5. attempt 尝试，试图表示“做某事的尝试（企图）”，其后通常接不定式。
如：The storm discouraged his attempt to sail. 暴风雨打消了他扬帆航行的念头。
She sent a sample of her work in an attempt to get a job. 她寄去一份作品样本希望获得聘用。
I am afraid my attempt to make a cake was not very successful. 恐怕我这蛋糕做得不怎么样。
其中的不定式有时可换成at doing sth。
如：All their attempts to reach [at reaching] the summit failed. 他们攀登顶峰的所有尝试都失败了。
6. competence 能力，胜任表示“做某事的能力”，其后通常接不定式。
如：I doubt his competence to do the work. 我怀疑他是否有能力做那项工作。
He gradually developed the competence to deal with the more difficult cases. 他逐渐培养出了处理更困难问题的能力。
7. call 必要，理由；愿望，冲动表示“做某事的必要（需要）”，其后通常接不定式。
如：There is no call to be anxious. 没有焦急的必要。
You have no call to do that. 你没有必要那样做。
Many young people are feeling the call to do charity work. 许多年轻人都对从事慈善事业有着强烈的愿望。
8. courage 勇气表示“做某事的勇气”，其后通常接不定式。
如：He lacks the courage to speak the truth. 他缺乏说实话的勇气。
She was trying to summon up the courage to leave him. 当时她试图鼓足勇气离开他。
注意courage后接不定式时，其前有时有定冠词，有时没有，比如在have the courage to do sth（有勇气做某事）中通常要用定冠词，在take [gain, gather] courage to do sth（鼓起勇气做某事）中通常没有定冠词，而在find (the) courage to do sth（鼓起勇气做某事）中的定冠词可以用也可以省略。
如：She didn’t have the courage to tell him the truth. 她没有勇气告诉他实情。
It takes courage to speak out against the tide of opinion. 跟舆论唱反调需要勇气。
有时courage后接in doing sth，表示“做某事时（表现出来的）勇气”。
如：She has shown immense courage in opposing a corrupt and violent regime. 她在反对腐败残暴的政权时表现出了大无畏的精神。
注意，下面一句中courage后的不定式不是定语，而是句子主语：It may require courage to speak freely. 要有勇气才能直言不讳。
9. confidence 信心表示“做某事的信心”，其后通常接不定式。
如：I had not enough confidence to go ahead. 我没有足够的信心干。
Good training will give a beginner the confidence to enjoy skiing. 良好的训练会给初学者带来享受滑雪乐趣的自信心。
但是，相应的形容词confident后却接 of doing sth而不接不定式。
如：He was confident of succeeding.=He was confident that one would succeed. 他有信心能成功。
10. conspiracy 阴谋表示“做某事的阴谋”，其后通常接不定式。
如：This action was part of a conspiracy to deceive the public. 这次活动是欺骗公众的一场阴谋的一部分。
Party officials have uncovered a conspiracy to discredit the prime minister. 党内官员揭露了败坏首相名声的阴谋。
The charges against them include conspiracy to smuggle heroin. 对他们的指控包括搞海洛因走私的阴谋活动。
11. campaign 战役，运动表示“做某事的战役（运动）”，其后通常接不定式。
如：We arguably needs a campaign to promote respect for law. 我们无可争辩地需要进行一次遵法的运动。
They began a campaign to get more members for the society. 他们开始了一场征收新会员的运动。
They enlisted my support for the campaign to keep the hospital open.在为继续开办那家医院而开展的活动中，他们得到了我的支持。
12. curiosityWe were burning with curiosity to know what had happened. 我们急切想知道发生了什么事。
Many people feel a great curiosity to find out about their antecedents. 许多人对了解自己祖先的情况非常好奇。
13. disposition 倾向，意向表示“做某事的倾向（意向）”，其后通常接不定式。
如：He has a disposition to take offense easily. 他脾气不好，容易发怒。
There was a general disposition to ignore the problem. 人们一般都忽视了这个问题。
Neither side shows the slightest disposition to compromise. 双方都没有表现出丝毫妥协的意思。
14. decision 决定表示“做某事的决定”，其后通常接不定式。
如：His decision to retire surprised all of us. 他决定退休使我们大家为之一惊。
He took the fatal decision to marry Martha. 他作了危险的决定，要和马莎结婚。
You were quite right in your decision to refuse. 你予以拒绝的决定是恰当的。
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因为决定要关闭工厂，公司受到猛烈攻击。
15. disinclination 不情愿，免强表示“不情愿做某事”，其后通常接不定式。
