同位语从句与定位语从句的区别
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同位语从句与定位语从句的区别
从意义上来说,前者是对一个名词加以补充说明,
后者是对一个名词进行修饰和限定。例如:
I have no idea when he will return .(同位语从句)我不知道他什么时候会回来。
I shall never forget the day when New China was founded . (定语从句)我永远不会忘记新中国
成立的那一天。
2、从结构上说,前者由连接词引导,连接词在从句中不担任任何成分;后者由关系词引导,关系词在句中担任一定的成分。试比较:
The idea that one do the work without thinking is wrong . (同位语从句,that在从句中不担任成分)
The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong . (定语从句,that在句中担任宾语)
你在会上提出的想法是错误的。
话说同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。如:
l've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)如:
l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the questlon whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
The thought came to him that moybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:The news that l hove passed the exom is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)
The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that 是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如:The ideo that computers can recognfze human voices surprises many peopfe.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。)The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
(that在从句中作gave的宾语。)