unit 17

一、教师用书Unit 17 How Does A Secretary Say Goodbye Impressively?本单元教学要求：1．进一步了解秘书的工作性质和特点2．熟悉送行的程序和工作细节3．掌握送行的礼仪规范Section 1 Seeing the Guests Off at the Airport一、背景知识迎来送往，是社会交往接待活动中最基本的形式和重要环节，是表达主人情谊、体现礼貌素养的重要方面。

秘书作为公司形象的代表要时刻注意遵守迎来送往的礼仪。

迎接是给客人留下第一印象的工作。

做得好就为下一步工作的顺利进行打下了良好的基础。

送客是接待过程中最后一个环节，也是非常关键的一步。

如果整个接待工作其他环节都安排得很详细周密，但却忽略送客这最后一个环节，往往会给客户留下虎头蛇尾、草草收场的感觉。

因此，秘书作为接送工作的主要策划人和参与者，必须遵守送客礼仪，使接待工作善始善终，有个圆满的结局，给客户留下更深刻的印象。

总之，秘书要未雨绸缪，事无巨细，时时想得周到、得体，为单位和个人树立良好的形象，为接待工作锦上添花。

二、课前提问1．What do you usually say when you see someone off at the airport or at the railway station?2. What do you like to do when you have to see somebody off at the airport or at the railwaystation?3. What do you like to say when some people see you off at the airport or at the railway station?三、语言学习1. it’s time (for somebody) to do something 该到（某人）做某事的时间了：It is time for the staff in the company to be relaxed. 是时候让公司员工们休息一下了。

Unit 17 Chinese FoodI Lead inII Dialogue study1-11-2 1.four big cuisinesGuangdong food---light and clearSichuan food---strong and hot tasteShandong food---heavy and spicyJiangsu food---spicy but not greasy四大菜系：有2种说法 第一种：山东菜、四川菜、江浙菜、广东菜；第二种：山东菜、四川菜、淮扬菜、广东菜。

一般来说是以第一种说法为准，因为所谓菜系是指某一区域的代表菜，如川菜代表西南地区，鲁菜代表北方，江浙菜代表华东地区，粤菜代表华南地区。

按省划分八大菜系 鲁、粤、川、苏、闽、浙、湘、徽Dialogue ListeningA.Listen to the tape, fill in blanks to complete the dialogue.Dialogue 1 Chinese Food （中式菜点）Question: * Can you list the four big cuisines of Chinese dishes?* Please speak out the names of several Chinese dishes?* What do you usually order when you eat out?B.Key words, grammar and relative hotel knowledge introduction.VocabularyListen to the tape, be familiar with each word pronunciation and meaning.山东菜系流派:由济南和胶东两部分地方风味组成特点:味浓厚、嗜葱蒜，尤以烹制海鲜，汤菜和各种动物内脏为长。

VocabularyI.1. allot2. go through fire and water3. reside4. sobbed5. made no mention of6. sacrifice7. came upon8. rhythm9. volume 10. something of aII.1. I stayed on as an assistant professor.2. I hold it to my ear because I want to hear time tick away.3. The salary is not wonderful, but the duties are light.4. The moral of the lesson is not to talk to strangers.5. Yes, but it cannot hold a candle to Huangshan.III.1. The nasty smell from the kitchen made her stomach churn.2. When she sank into drunkenness, she was able to forget her sorrow.3. In the 1500 meters, Martin and Parker came first and third respectively.4. The two hills Shunner Fell from the north and Lovely Seat from the south flank the famous Butter Tubs Pass.5. Levi, in gratitude to Joshua, gave a party for him.Iv. 1. ambition-----ambition-----regardless of 2. discourse---by way of 3. is engraved---inward V. 1. have come upon/across 2. had come out 3. come on/up 4. came across 5. comes down to 6. came around/to 7. comes to 8. came through 9. came up with 10. comes upUsage1. the Wilsons2. Mark Twain3. Annie Johnsons4. another Winston Churchill5. a Mrs. Burton6. a Budweiser7. A Monet8. an old FordComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze 1. Text-related 1. go through fire and water 2. salary 3. give---no peace 4. sink into 5. ambition 6. By way of 7. expressive 8. churned 9. engraved 10. not hold a candle to 11. inward2. Theme-related1. Success2. literacy3. significantly4. promoting5. appropriate6. too7. later8. repetition9. invented 10. lessII. TranslationAlthough my grandmother was illiterate, she had a good stock of myths and legends. When I was young I gave her no peace, constantly asking her to tell me stories. After she had finished her housework, she would lift me onto her lap and tell stories, all the while rocking me in rhythm. Having noticed my interest in stories, my parents lost no time in initiating me into reading. They bought many storybooks with illustrations, and whenever free, they would read these stories to me over and over again. By and by I had a vocabulary large enough to read on my own.VocabularyI. 1.1) appetite2) destructive3) agency4) processed5) saturated6) utter7) hoisted8) referring to9) retrieve10) Unfortunately2.1)Peter was chasing the dog and Tom was riding the wooden horse in the garden.2)They all looked on except one young man. He took her to the hospital instantly.3)I laid charges against the company and won the case.4)If we want to stay competitive, first of all we need to modernize our factory.5)They got irrigation water from the dammed rivers.3.1)Except in the oases the desert is almost devoid of vegetation, although some stunted, thornyshrubs grow in the western Sahara.2)The fruits growing wild in the coastal forest are edible.3)The national security agency made recommendations for improving safety standards inairplanes / to improve safety standards in airplanes.4)The Beatles enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.5)The emergence of language was a defining factor in the evolution of modern humans.4.1)Excluding other factors such as quality and price, products which are attractively packagedare bound to attract more consumers, particularly children and young people. Packaging has become an important way to boost / of boosting the sales of products.2)In the eyes of some businessmen, consumers' health comes second to profits. They sellchicken infected with salmonella and crabs with traces of antibiotics.3)It can be hard to go vegetarian. The important thing is to make changes you feel comfortablewith, at your own pace. While stopping consuming any products for which animals are bred and slaughtered may be ideal, even a slight reduction in meat consumption is a step in the right direction.5.1) get over2) got to3) get through4) get over5) get by6) get away7) got in8) get …out9) get along10) get away withII. Collocation1.I asked her why she didn't make use of her talent and sing a pop song on the graduation day.2.Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, died amiserable death.3.We still have to learn how to live a harmonious life, not only with other people but also withthe environment.4.Breathing a deep breath, he ran up to take the penalty kick.5.I dreamed a bad dream last night in which I was running through the forest, and being chasedby a bear.6.My friend smiled a bitter smile when I asked her whether she'd found all the money she'dlost.7.Black people have a hard fight to fight before they win real equality.8.People with mood disorders often sleep a troubled sleep. They toss and turn, restlesslyoccupied with negative thoughts.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) exclude(2) stubborn(3) devoid of(4) bow to(5) potent (6) drawbacks(7) contaminating(8) heightened(9) infected(10) come second to2. Theme-related(1) consumption(2) between(3) packed(4) evident(5) population(6) encouraging(7) grave(8) against(9) criticize(10) itselfII. TranslationStudy after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid, which encourages a minimum of three vegetable and two fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don’t meet / listen to these recommendations.UNIT3VocabularyI. 1.1) invitation2) eloquent3) concede4) contradictory5) conceals6) guilty7) generalize8) get caught in9) for now10) as a last resort2.1)Non-smoking area. John’s very intolerant of people who smoke.2)She is an interesting character, and a bit of a mystery to me.3)Because it does not reveal their marital status.4)We are planning on trekking through the Malaysian Rainforest.5)He muttered something under his breath that I couldn’t understand.6)They may need to wear protective rubber gloves and clothing.7)The chairperson said sometimes unemployment tempted the youth into criminal activities.8)Though she never admitted it, the look on her face when I mentioned James’ name gave heraway.3.1)Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligentlife elsewhere in the universe.2)The hill farmers' lot has never been easy and in recent years has been assailed by a series ofmajor crises.3)As with most people in his family, Grey is a great talker when he's in the mood to talk.4)Few people find it necessary to condemn white lies on the grounds that they are not real lies.5)All the evidence of your qualifications and skills that backs up the claims you make in yourrésumé should be included.4.1)In general, everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding ofourselves. To disregard what the world thinks of us is not only arrogant but also utterly shameless.2)Eddie was adamant that his son should never indulge in vain wishes; he believed that it wasabsurd for his son to pursue a romantic but utterly impractical career in the future.3)Those considering an adventurous safari in Central Africa should be aware that there is anextremely small, but nonetheless present, risk of encountering bandits on the road. Thus they should decide for themselves whether such potential risks will be personally acceptable to them and their companions.5.1) go around / round2) Go for3) went off4) go on5) is going on6) go about7) go along8) go through9) go by10) go overII. Usage1.The manager was chatting with the chairman of the board about something that concerned thefuture of their cooperation and I could tell that he was being careful with his words.2.Tom didn't really like the food, but he was being polite and ate quite a bit.3.He kept tapping on his teacup with his spoon because he was getting impatient waiting forthe waiter to come around.4.By handing in papers off the Internet, students are being stupid because they run the risk ofbeing caught and expelled from school.5.He was being a coward by not being truthful to himself and others.6.Some of the nurses were very rude and told Edgar he was being a nuisance when hecomplained.7.Don't talk nonsense. I'm being serious.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) go along(2) honesty(3) straightforward(4) indulge in(5) What about(6) dodge(7) assert(8) absurd(9) resort(10) juggle2. Theme-related(1) asserting (2) go along(3) because(4) part(5) Mistakes(6) exceptions(7) end(8) resort(9) dying(10) freedomII. TranslationThe new president of our university disapproves of the idea that we should be allowed to tell lies under certain circumstances. He believes that if people get used to telling any kind of lie, they will indulge themselves and eventually be stuck with the bad habit. To tell or not to tell a lie can sometimes become a very sticky issue, but our president insists on the notion that nobody in the world of education should dodge the responsibility of attaching primary importance to honesty while teaching the young. I agree with him. What about you?UNIT4VocabularyI. 1.(1) for myself(2) concluded(3) infinite(4) internal(5) misery(6) mode(7) ventured(8) visible(9) observation(10) commended2.1)I lay in bed feeling thoroughly wretched.2)It is fragrant with the smell of apple blossom.3)They are fine specimens of the veteran revolutionaries.4)I’d like to enroll in the modern art course if it is not too late.5)The taste is slightly bitter, and it has a strange odor.3.1)The scheme does nothing to help families on low incomes and is sure to provoke /callforth/draw/ arouse criticism.2)Jenny is terribly uncertain as to whether Bob is the right boy for her.3)These goods bear no resemblance to those I saw printed in the advertisements.4)In China, where black hair and black eyes are the norm, her blond hair and blue eyes arerather conspicuous.5)We did not have time for a rehearsal before the performance because of the delay of ourflight.4.1)The new parliament member, an energetic politician and ardent advocate of the welfaresystem, said: "The investigation has revealed that there are still people who lead a wretched existence in our society. To leave them to their own devices is to deny them the basic human right, the right to a decent life."2)One day my professor entrusted me with a task of doing a certain experiment and meantimegave explicit instructions that I must read his new book beforehand. The book, however, did not commend itself to me. Could I go ahead without reading it? The perplexity haunted me for quite a while. Then I decided I could not look him in the face if I betrayed his trust. So I started reading his book in earnest before turning to the experiment.3)The day I left for college, my father gave me an alarm clock and an English learner’sdictionary. Both proved useful in my subsequent years of study. The latter helped to make me accurate in my writing while the former helped me to be punctual. However, I had to part with the clock with reluctance later when it was proved to be beyond repair.5.1) turned to2) turned…down3) turn up4) turned out5) turned…over6) turned on7) turned away8) turns out9) turned in10) turning inII. Confusable Words1) come2) Come; bring; bring3) take; taken4) went; went; going5) went; came6) take7) bring8) come9) brought10) went / cameComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related(1) Enrolling(2) specimen(3) leave him to his own devices(4) investigation(5) By and by(6) content with(7) entrusted(8) reluctance(9) infectious(10) observation(11) mode(12) grounded in2. Theme-related(1) known (2) only(3) doing(4) assistance(5) assignment(6) simply(7) But(8) turned(9) singled(10) becauseII. TranslationWhen I enrolled in Math 202, I anticipated difficulties because I was not well grounded in mathematics in high school. The course was taught by Professor Richardson, a fine specimen of an old-fashioned gentleman, very cordial to his students. However, when it came to academic matters, he was by no means an easy person. Before he started his lecture, he discoursed enthusiastically on the importance of working in an orderly fashion, of being thoroughly prepared before each class, and of not being content with what you have learned. His attitude towards work was infectious, and by and by I became an ardent math lover, too.UNIT5VocabularyI 1.1) percentage 2) zone3) warmth 4) diverse5) widen 6) looked around7) in the face of 8) in perspective9) temperate 10) theoretical2.1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $ million in the last global financial crisis.2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.4) I saw waves battering (against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.3.1) Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures?2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.4.1) Much of the loss of biodiversity currently being experienced is attributed to human activity. Natural extinction is being accelerated by human populations wiping out entire ecosystems for development and single crop farming. Destroying naturally diverse vegetation destroys the life sustained by that habitat. We already know the scary effects of deforestation on global warming, but do we stop to think about the thousands of animal and insect species that are dying off because of global warming?2)In August 2005, some scientists from esteemed scientific organizations predicted that a temperature increase of 2 °C above the pre-industrial level could trigger the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which would have overwhelming consequences for sea levels and biodiversity. At the current level of climate change, this prediction could become a reality in 10-15 years.3)With huge amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the atmosphereglobal surface temperature would rise to a great extent, thereby melting the north and south pole glaciers causing drought, and throwing agriculture into effects would be magnified if temperatures keep going up dramatically.5.1) think back to/on2) think … over3) thought of4) think of …as5) think up1) picked up2) picked out3) picked up4) picked on5) picks atII. Word Family1. 1) contaminated2) contaminate3) contamination4) uncontaminated2. 1) habitable2) habitation3) inhabit4) uninhabited5) uninhabitable6) inhabitedComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1)beef up2) coastal3)in favour of4) residents5)theoretical6) disastrous7)battered8) shrinking9)migrate10) washed away11)Scary12) humanity2.1) predicting2) accuracy3) basis4) collide5) atmosphere6) melts7) affected8) actions9) striving10) technologiesII. TranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won’t be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.UNIT6VocabularyI. 1.1) the hard way2) solemn3) wrote out4) champion5) ownership6) privilege7) To be sure8) handicap9) surge10) cut the ground from under …feet2.1) The committee aims to achieve reconciliation between the two opposingparties.2) The management's refusal to increase the minimum monthly grant.3) Public places such as metro stations, theaters, and museums have beenmade more accessible to the disabled.4) His love for the countryside brought forth a series of remarkablewatercolors.5) It embodies the ideals of freedom and equality.3.1)The books are keyed to the interests of children.2)We will not stand by and let the small village schools get closed for lackof funds.3)Their response was in effect a refusal to our request though they didn'tturn it down explicitly.4) Generous to a fault, he paid for all the expenses5) We shall always feel we are deeply in your debt.4.1)Under the leadership of Sam Walton, Wal-Mart prospered at an amazing speed. Asked about the underlying reasons for the great success, he said, "To begin with, it's the two orientations that characterize the culture of this company: cooperative with regard to making decisions, and trusting in relation to fellow workers. Every employee has a strong sense of obligation to the company and boundless enthusiasm for the work."2)Most chapters of this book are dedicated to the effects of games on children. According to the author, in performing and observing actions, like the collision of two objects, babies can have first-hand experience of the relations implicit in the phenomena. And team sports can help to shape children's personality in a positive way, because they can learn how to cooperate with each other in the competition.3)Martin Luther King and Rosa Parker had a lot in common. They were black people as well as civil rights heroes. They led black people to combat discrimination and inequality and to try to gain control over their own destinies. Faced with great difficulties and failures, they hung on and never gave up because they held to the notion that all men are created equal. (destiny, in common, combat, notion, hang on)5. 1) set out2) set off3) set in4) set aside5) set up6) set about7) set off8) set up9) set up 10) set apartII. Words with Multiple Meanings1.According to the manager, what he wants is a simple yet effective sales plan.ually he was a serious man, yet this joke reduced him to hearty laughter / set him laughing heartily.3.The governor has put forward a series of policies to cut the state budget, but the effects of the new measures have yet to be seen.4.He is not yet 20, but his technical control, confidence, brilliance and intellectual depth display an outstanding maturity.5.John wouldn't let me see his essay, because he hasn't finished it yet.6.Maybe the reason scientists have yet to receive signals from extraterrestrial intelligence is that there isn't any extraterrestrial intelligence sending signals.7.She knew the sensible thing to do was to leave the place as soon as possible, yet she wanted to stay.8.Her selective yet comprehensive exhibition draws mainly from public collections, among them many of the United States' most distinguished libraries. Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1) personalities2) embody3) underlying4) collision5) leadership6) ownership7) ideals8) champion9) the hard way10) prospered2. 1) indication2) sensitive3) career 4) resign5) supply6) disciplined7) promoted 8) criticized9) surrender 10) respectedII. TranslationRobert Lee’s father’s life had been plagued by poor financial investments. He was jailed twice for unpaid debts and in the end was forced to flee the country. Lee’s mother was the dominant force in shaping Lee’s personality. Against the poignant failure of her husband, she was determined that the tragedy should not be repeated in the life of her children. Self-control, a sense of obligation and an indomitable spirit were the virtues she taught Lee. In 1825, with an aspiration to win back the family honor, Lee began studying at West Point Military Academy. This began a new chapter of his life. Over the four years, he consistently finished near the top of every course.UNIT7VocabularyI. 1.1) anonymous2) piling up3) advent4) sober up5) articulate6) dwindle7) not least of all8) vague9) busted10) rotting2. 1) Its theme was that philosophy has very close links with mathematics andartificial intelligence.2) He is illiterate; worse still, he has a criminal record and lives in a world oflies and deceit.3) They carried out first aid to save the patient from bleeding to death.4) They suggested that I go for broke, and be undeterred in pursuit of mydream.5) He thinks it highly unlikely that such good luck will come his way again.3.1) The advent of spring —symbol of renewal — has been a constant theme inEdward's writings.2) Why those nasty things were being said of her was just beyond hercomprehension, and as for myself I have never heard anything so offensive in all my life.3) Malcolm Padina, managing director of Informix Software Inc, has called for anew initiative to purge the market of software pirates / software pirates from the market.4) New evidence implicated Melancia in a financial scandal in February 2008.5) Pains were tearing at my chest as I was running a two-mile race. I felt myknees sinking lower and lower as if I were running across quicksand.4.1)Operating a vehicle while intoxicated is a serious offence in itself, but few cases hit the headlines unless they involve serious injury.2)Ten years ago, when Bruce R., a 57-year-old insurance broker from Southern California, was on the verge of suicide after having gambled away the trust of his family and a small remnant of business partners, little help was available. He was, at one point, advised by two doctors that he just needed to get his gambling "under control"—which is like telling a drug addict to take drugs more moderately.3) The company was facing great financial problems due to the devastating effects of nationwide economic depression. Naturally the CEO’s sudden resignation at such a difficult time led to great resentment from the board of directors. The only hope they had was that the banks would keep the firm from bankruptcy by accepting a reorganization plan.5. 1)fall under2)fall behind3)had fallen apart4)fall back on5)fall to6)had left off7)leave out8)Leaving aside9)be left alone10)left behindII. Usage1. a. figurative b. literal2. a. literal b. figurative3. a. figurative b. literal4. a. literal b. figurative5. a. figurative b. literal6. a. literal b. figurativeComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. 1)legalize2) philosophy3) sober4) addicts5) spouses6) deceit7) dwindle8) pile up9)lured10)criminal11) revenue12)hit the headlines2. 1) indicate 2) compulsive3) addictions 4) financial5) combination6) blueprint7) retirees 8) explosion9) identified10) triggerII. TranslationGamblers’ family members always pay a steep price. They not only have to endure the pain of having their wealth wiped away overnight, but they are also frequently overwhelmed with feelings of depression and hopelessness.A nationwide survey found that over 2 million adults identified a spouse's gambling as a significant factor in a prior divorce. The number of divorces in a county in Mississippi has nearly tripled since the advent of casinos. The county has also witnessed increases in domestic violence since then.A considerable body of evidence showed that the expansion of legally sanctioned gambling destroys individuals, ruins families, increases crime, and ultimately costs society far more than the revenues government collects.。

Unit 17All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。

P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1The United States Interstate Highway System is an infrastructure feat of unprecedented proportions. Not only does it join all fifty states in the union together allowing for rapid transport of goods and people, but it also has legitimate claim to the title of the largest public worker program in history. The project was motivated by both military and economic goals. Interest in the project existed since the early 1940s, but was delayed by the outbreak of World War II, followed by the postwar recovery. Although approved by Congress in 1944, the building did not actually begin until 1956.The postwar prosperity in America accentuated the need for such a massive infrastructure project. After America’s success in World War II and recovery of its economy from the Great Depression, the population’s disposable income soared, allowing most families to purchase automobiles, previously thought of as luxury items. With the sudden boom of cars, a more efficient road on which to travel was desperately needed, and the interstate highway system provided that, allowing travelers to safely and reliably visit other states or destinations closer to home.The same surge in car ownership that created the need for the interstate highway system also provided the means by which to pay for the project. A new tax on gasoline provided 90 percent of the funding for the project, and state taxes covered the remaining 10 percent. With the new highway system in place, not only could travelers visit previously unfeasible destinations on their holidays and vacations, but businesses could transport their products to markets in other states, increasing competition across the country, to the benefit of consumers and product quality alike.The military had a keen eye on the system as well. Troop transport was now possible to all corners of America in a rapid and efficient manner, and the long stretches of straight highways instantly provided runways for military aircraft in times of emergency. The country, linked together by a network, of roads that greatly reduced travel time, could now more efficiently be defended.In the last forty years alone, 17 trillion miles have been traveled on the US Interstate Highway System. Those miles can be equated to three trips around the world for every American, a trip tothe moon for 75 million people, or three light years in space. No matter what figure is used, the numbers are stunning. The interstate highway has gotten and continues to get people where they need to go in America, and at a fraction of the time it would otherwise take.1. The outbreak of World War II[A] wasted precious time by delaying the Interstate Highway project.[B] had a positive impact by contributing to the means by which the Interstate Highway System was built.[C] delayed the start of the project but resulted in more money by which to fund it.[D] spurred the military to throw their support in favor of the Interstate Highway project.2. The US Interstate Highway System was built mainly[A] to respond to urgent needs that had arisen.[B] in order to better defend a country in a time of war.[C] with economic and businesses in mind.[D] from state taxpayer dollars.3. What can we infer from the Paragraph 3?[A] The tax on gasoline was the most efficient way by which to fund the building of the interstate highway system.[B] The interstate highway system was an immense financial burden that required huge amounts of resources to complete.[C] Without the postwar surge in car ownership, funding for the interstate highway system would have been insufficient.[D] Those who stood to benefit most from the interstate highway system provided the majority of the funding for its construction.4. By “Those miles…in space”(Line 2-3, Para.5), the author intends to[A] stress the effects of the interstate highway system that continue to this day.[B] highlight the incredible distances that have been traveled on the interstate highway system.[C] state the distances traveled on the interstate highway system in more comparable terms.[D] make a final statement attesting to the greatness of the interstate highway system.5. The author views the United States Interstate Highway System with[A] whole-hearted approval.[B] a judgment of the good outweighing the bad.[C] positive feelings on its economic impact.[D] critical support.Text 2The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientistcontinues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The hosts of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.6. We may simply define science as[A] the study of unrelated subjects.[B] an attempt to explain natural phenomena.[C] the study of related fields.[D] labelled knowledge.7. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach[A] applied science.[B] agriculture science.[C] pure science.[D] environmental science.18. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope,[A] may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results.[B] necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell.[C] is not always as pure as we suppose.[D] necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell.9. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.[B] Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.[C] In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.[D] Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Nature of Science and Scientists[B] Biology and the Science and Scientist[C] Hypotheses and Theories[D] On Distinguishing Fact from FictionText 3Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreler, the craft must be learned.There are two generally recognized apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoon, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-rate quarreling.The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, are not about anything, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity; hence the elementary principle: anything may be said.The unschooled, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of calling this old acquaintance a lying fraud.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enroll in the second, the bad marriage, This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a license for unlimited beastliness as is denied to mere sworn enemies.For all that some of our most tenacious black belt quarrelers have come to it late in life and mastered every throw.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types with time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honor are quarrelling, like jealousy, is an ail-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreler’s very self hood is on the line. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel, rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent’s feet.11. The expression“rainy afternoon”(Line 3，Para.2) implies a time when[A] brothers and sisters had to play at home.[B] brothers and sisters felt depressed.[C] family members need money.[D] it is raining in the afternoon.12. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is[A] the former involves individual pride.[B] the former concerns strong points of view.[C] the latter has well-established rules.[D] the latter concerns trivial issues.13. During the quarrel, either among children or between spouses[A] brutality is apparent.[B] politeness is used as a weapon.[C] skillful tactics are employed.[D] feeling is exaggerated.14. The word “register”(Line 5，Pra.6) means[A] show. [B] enroll. [C] conceal. [D] reconcile.15. What does the passage mainly talk about?[A] The reason why quarrel is bitter.[B] How to mind your words while arguing.[C] The characteristics of a quarrel.[D] How to make a good quarrel.Text 4After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking other students for answers.What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www. ulifeline, org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college IDs.“It’s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need,” said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago.The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus.The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression.Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the offline service can even play out as a negative. “There is no substitute for personal interaction,” said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington.Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. “The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places,” said Ron Gibori, execut ive director of Ulifeline.Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it “a knowledge base” that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. “If Jed’s friends had known the signs of depression,theymight have seen something,” she sai d.16.The son of Mr. and Mrs. Satow is mentioned to[A] introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline[B] show the suffering of Mr. and Mrs. Satow[C] describe the Satows’ confusion over their son’s death[D] report the suicide of a young man17. Why do many colleges adopt the website Ulifeline?[A] It provides their students with campus information[B] It offers medical treatment to students in mental disorder[C] It encourages their students to seek advice about depression[D] It gives their students various help they may need18. Which of the following is true of Go Ask Alice?[A] It is a kind of side effect caused by some prescription drugs.[B] It counsels college students on mental problems[C] It is a collection of medical responses from students the world over[D] It describes the various signs of mental disorders19. The sentence “Yet it is…the service is.”(Line 1, Para. 6) shows that[A] a therapist’s office is the first place for the depressed to go.[B] the help given by the web service is doubtful.[C] doctors have expressed a negative view of the service.[D] only actual therapist can ensure adequate treatment.20. To which of the following is Mrs. Satow likely to agree?[A] J ed’s friends can prevent her son’s death[B] H er son’s suicide i s unavoidable[C] Ulifeline is a worthwhile website[D] Depression is the final cause of suicidesPart BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about City Onwards and Outwards. Choose the most suitable heading from the list [A]-[F] for each numbered paragraph (21-25). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.[A] The vague future situation of city sprawl[B] Tax-base competition encourages city sprawl[C] Reasons for city sprawl[D] The drawbacks of city sprawl[E] The continuing process of city sprawls[F] The government’s role in the process of city sprawl.Even on paper, urban sprawl looks ugly. It looks more so from the 110th floor of Chicago’s Sears Tower. From there you can survey, into the misty distance, a metropolitan area that now encompasses no fewer than 265 separate municipalities and covers 3,800 square miles in six northeastern Illinois counties. The expansion of the region is sometimes described as growth.More accurately, Chicago has simply spread out. Between 1970 and 1990 the population of the metro area increased by only 4%, while land used for housing increased by 46%. More telling, land used for commercial development increased by a whopping 74%.21.A recent series in the Chicago Tribune, “The Graying of Suburbia”, documented the population decline of inner-ring towns ranging from dilapidated Dolton and Harvey to relatively up market Elmhurst and Skokie. In the harder-hit cases, population loss has been compounded by falling property values along with rising crime and unemployment. Less mobile and poorer groups live isolately in the inner cities, and the city’s infrastructure is abandoned. Worse, these problems are now overtaking the very suburbs that were once supposed to escape them.22.The expanding towns on the edges make no apology for their prosperity. Sprawl is natural, they argue; Americans live in smaller households and they want bigger houses. Businesses in turn follow the outwardly mobile workers. They also appreciate the cheaper land and better roads. As a case in point, ask Sears. The very company that built the magnificent downtown skyscraper relocated 5,000 workers to the outer suburb of Hoffman Estates in 1992.23.An article published this summer by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago shows that various incentives in the federal tax code, including the deductibility of mortgage payments, promote over-consumption of housing. The code also allows taxpayers to defer capital-gains taxes if they buy a new home of equal or greater value, which pushes buyers towards higher-priced houses—most of them on the edges of cities. Another subsidy is provided for cars, the sine qua non of suburban life. By some estimates, existing taxes on motorists cover only 60% of the real costs of government road-related services.24.Far from expanding under one central authority, almost all metro areas are tended by a hotch-potch of city, town and other smaller governments. The quality of the services provided by these governments depends on the quality of the local property that they have to tax; so aggressive jurisdictions offer rebates or subsidies to win juicy new developments. The outcome, on one front, is often the premature development of new land. Towns on the outskirts, armed with subsidies and plenty of space, lure development away from the center.25.Over the long term, there is a chance that sprawl will not go unmanaged for ever: that the price of inner-city decline will eventually become too high. But it has not reached that point yet. The inner areas would like to see a regionally coordinated effort to pursue economic development (to diminish tax-base competition), or a region-wide sharing of commercial tax revenues, as has been tried to good effect in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area. But the deeper incentives to sprawl will still remain. Subsidies for home ownership are well guarded by lobbyists in Washington, and local governments are rightly jealous of their self-determination. For the time being, metropolitan areas like Chicago will just keep expanding.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on a par with other resources such as labor, material, and capital. 26)This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness on many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. 27)Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following: (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically.28)Coupled with its ability to be substituted for other economic resources, its transportability at very high speeds, and its ability to impart advantages to the holder of information, these characteristics are at the base of such societal industries as research, education, publishing, marketing, and even politics. Societal concern with the husbanding of information resources has extended from the traditional domain of libraries and archives to encompass organizational, institutional, and governmental information under the umbrella of information resource managementThe second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies—the information service sector. 29)Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U. S. information service sector had grown to about $ 25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the country’s computer market, which, in turn, represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. 30)However, the probably convergence of computers and television which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21st century.做题点拨与全文翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施2.feat n.业绩，功绩3.unprecedented a.无前例的；空前的4.legitimate a.合理的；法定的5.accentuate v.强调，使更突出6.disposable a.可支配的；一次性的7.surge n.急剧上升，猛增；(感情等的)洋溢8.unfeasible a.不能实行的，难实施的9.stunning a.令人震惊的；出色的难句突破1.[With the sudden boom of cars], (a more efficient) road (on which to travel) was [desperately] needed, and the interstate highway system provided that, [allowing travelers to safely and reliably visit other states or destinations closer to home].【分析】本句是由and引导的并列句。

高二unit17Disabilities说课教案（人教版高二英语下册说课）我说课的内容是高二英语（下）Unit 17 Disabilities（残疾）,Period 4 The Special Olympics（特殊奥运会），这是一节综合技能课。

说课内容包括六个部分：教材分析、教学目标、教学重难点、学情、教法和教学程序。

一、教材分析本单元的中心话题是“残疾”，本课的题目是“The Special Olympics（特殊奥运会）”,这一部分是体现本单元主题的一种形式。

这篇课文有两个板块：Reading(阅读)部分提供了一篇有关“特奥会”的阅读材料，谈论了特奥会对有精神或智力障碍的残疾人具有何等深远的意义：通过体育锻炼使弱智人增强体力，获得自信，逐步康复，从而为社会做出有益的贡献，从而使学生受到启发教育。

Writing（写作）部分要求学生通过对Reading（阅读）的学习，对残疾人有更进一步的了解，写一篇文章来论述该如何来帮助残疾人。

而对于高二下的学生来说，经过近两年的高中学习，已经拥有了相当的语言知识，具备了一定的英语综合能力，因此，这节课的教学特点是：注重篇章结构的理解和重要信息点的把握，在阅读过程中感受、吸收、内化语言，进一步提高阅读能力，并通过对语言材料的学习来培养及提高学生的写作能力。

教材的这一特点符合大纲所规定的教学目的，即巩固扩大学生的基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基本技能，侧重培养学生阅读和写作能力。

二、教学目标：１．知识目标：注重学生对课文的理解和语言表达，提高学生听说读写能力。

２．能力目标：围绕这一课题，使学生联系自己如何对待残疾人的问题，引导启发学生思维，培养学生分析主题、围绕主题阐述问题的能力。

３．德育目标：教育学生学会尊重，帮助残疾人，树立正确的人生观和价值观。

依据：根据教学大纲规定，在初中英语教学的基础上，使学生巩固、扩大基础知识，侧重培养学生的读写能力；激发和培养学生的学习兴趣，帮助学生树立自信心；教材中渗透思想品德教育，有利于学生形成正确的人生观和价值观。

北师大版选修6 Unit 17 Laughter知识点归纳知识点一：重点词语1.burst out laughing突然大笑2.after all毕竟，终究3.withdraw money from a bank从银行中提款4.overlook one’s opinion忽略……的意见5.yell out朝……大叫6.feel down情绪低落7.be involved in与……有关，涉及8.set sail (for)出航；起程9.put on假装；穿上；增加10.dress up盛装；打扮11.make up编造；弥补12.regardless of不管，不顾13.result in造成，导致引起14.devote... to...把…奉献给15.get rid of摆脱，处理掉16.play around四处玩耍17.fool around胡闹，瞎弄18.cash a cheque兑现支票19.wait one’s turn排队等候20.push one’s way挤出一条路21.a series of一系列；一连串22.busy oneself doing使自己忙于23.in for a surprise大吃一惊24.earn a scholarship获得奖学金25.make out理解；辨别出26.in the presence of当着……的面27.make an attempt to do试图；努力28.no wonder难怪29.from time to time不时地30.boarding school寄宿学校知识点二：核心单词1.amuse vt. 逗乐，使（某人）笑⏹用法：amuse 用作及物动词，常接sb/oneself作宾语。

✧He thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime.他想出各种活动来逗宝宝开心直到上床睡觉。