研究生练习

研究生资助知识练习一、资助的重要性我们先来聊聊为什么研究生的资助这么重要。

别看研究生的生活看起来轻松，那可真不是“饭后一盘棋”。

说实话，不管是攻读硕士还是博士，学费和生活费那都是一个大头。

如果你觉得自己能全身心投入到学术研究中，完全不考虑钱的事，那你真的是个神人，佩服佩服！但咱们大多数人呢，还是得靠点资助来撑起生活和学业。

尤其是在一些大城市，房租高得让人心疼，吃个外卖都要掏空钱包。

所以，资助就像是那一盏明灯，指引你走出困境。

二、资助的种类既然资助这么重要，咱们就来看看有什么资助可以申请。

就是国家奖学金，这个是最顶配的那种。

它不仅能减轻你的经济压力，还能给你一块“荣誉勋章”，让你在人群中熠熠生辉。

要想拿到这个奖学金，可不是那么容易的，得有过硬的成绩才行。

所以，如果你刚进入研究生阶段就想着靠奖学金度过难关，那你得给自己定个高目标哦，努力才是硬道理。

接下来是助学金。

这个东西相对来说申请条件没那么严格，只要你符合条件，提交资料审核通过，就能拿到。

别小看了这笔钱，它能帮你解决一部分学费或者生活费。

很多学校的助学金分为不同的档次，一般有基本助学金和专项助学金等，金额也会有所不同。

如果你在经济上有点压力，这种资助能帮你轻松一点。

除了这些，学校内部的科研资助也是非常重要的。

有的学校会给研究生提供项目资助或者课题经费。

这些资助不仅能帮你支付实验室的开销，还能支持你开展自己的研究项目。

有了这些经费，实验材料、设备费用统统不成问题。

要知道，研究生阶段往往涉及到大量的实验和数据收集，没有资金支持，这些东西简直是白日梦。

三、如何申请资助说到这里，可能有些人会问了：“那我怎么才能申请这些资助呢？”这个问题，嗯，先别急。

申请资助的流程并不复杂，关键是要了解清楚每个资助的具体要求。

每个学校都会有自己的申请指南，你得细心阅读，确保自己符合条件。

通常，学校会在开学初或者学期中公布各种资助的申请通知，记得留意学校的官方网站或者相关通知平台，别错过了机会。

2024年全国研究生入学统一考试《西医综合》练习题（含答案）学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(45题)1.男性，55岁，1天来出现上腹痛，向腰背部放射，进行性加重，曾呕吐1次，为胃内容物，呕吐后腹痛未减轻，大便2次，稍稀，无脓血和里急后重，既往有胆囊结石病史5年，查体，体温37.4℃，血压120/80mmHg，巩膜无黄染，心肺未见异常，肝脾未及，腹平软，上腹轻压痛，移动性浊音阳性，肠鸣音4次/分。

对该患者最基本的治疗是（）。

A.镇痛B.禁食，补液C.心电监护和扩冠脉治疗D.抑酸药物治疗2.次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶缺乏导致的疾病是（）。

A.阿尔兹海默症B.帕金森病C.Lesch-Nyhan综合征D.镰状细胞贫血3.脂肪变性时，脂滴位于A.高尔基器B.线粒体C.溶酶体D.内质网4.下列不属于颈椎骨折合并高位截瘫并发症的是（）。

A.呼吸道感染B.泌尿道结石C.心力衰竭D.体温失调5.糖有氧氧化调控的机制是（）。

A.无氧酵解对有氧氧化的抑制B.NADH增加促进有氧氧化C.ATP/ADP比值影响调节酶的活性D.糖异生与糖酵解底物循环的平衡6.关于临床试验的知情同意，下列表述正确的是（）。

A.这是一项观察性试验，您参与这项试验没有风险B.参与这项试验一定会使您的健康受益C.相信您一定愿意为社会做出贡献而同意参加这项试验D.您可能无法通过参加该试验而获得健康上的益处7.女，28岁，乏力，咽痛，头痛，咳嗽，发热2周，查体：T37.8℃，P96次/分，R20次/分，双肺呼吸音清，未闻及干湿性啰音，胸部X线显示双下肺多发小片状浸润影。

血清支原体抗IgM抗体1：64阳性，阿奇霉素治疗一周后无好转，复查胸片无变化，此时，患者应换用的抗菌药物（）。

A.青霉素B.红霉素C.头孢呋辛D.左氧氟沙星8.血液中哪种激素出现高峰可以作为排卵的标志A.雌激素B.孕激素C.黄体生成素D.卵泡刺激素9.女性，35岁。

研究生考试模拟试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项不是研究生教育的特点？A. 学术性B. 专业性C. 普及性D. 创新性答案：C2. 研究生教育中，以下哪个阶段是学生独立进行科研工作的重要时期？A. 课程学习阶段B. 论文开题阶段C. 论文撰写阶段D. 论文答辩阶段答案：C3. 研究生入学考试中，以下哪个科目是必考科目？A. 英语B. 数学C. 政治理论D. 专业课答案：C4. 研究生课程设置中，以下哪类课程通常不计入学分？A. 必修课B. 选修课C. 公共课D. 辅修课答案：D5. 以下哪个选项不是研究生培养的基本原则？A. 学术自由B. 导师负责制C. 课程统一化D. 个性化培养答案：C...（此处省略其他选择题及答案）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述研究生教育与本科教育的主要区别。

答案：研究生教育与本科教育的主要区别在于：研究生教育更加注重学术研究和创新能力的培养，课程设置更为专业和深入，学生需要在导师的指导下进行独立研究，并撰写学位论文。

而本科教育则更侧重于基础知识的学习和专业技能的培养，课程设置相对宽泛。

2. 研究生论文答辩的一般流程是什么？答案：研究生论文答辩的一般流程包括：学生提交论文初稿，导师审阅并提出修改意见；学生根据导师意见修改论文并提交最终稿；学院组织答辩委员会，安排答辩时间；学生进行论文陈述，答辩委员会成员提问；学生回答提问，答辩委员会进行评议；最后根据评议结果决定是否授予学位。

...（此处省略其他简答题及答案）三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. 论述研究生教育在国家创新体系中的作用。

答案：研究生教育在国家创新体系中扮演着至关重要的角色。

首先，研究生教育是培养高层次创新人才的摇篮，为国家输送了大量具有创新精神和实践能力的科研人员。

其次，研究生通过参与科研项目，能够将理论知识与实践相结合，推动科学技术的发展和创新。

此外，研究生教育还通过学术交流和国际合作，促进了国内外科研思想的碰撞与融合，为国家的科技进步和社会发展提供了强大的智力支持。

2024年度硕士研究生入学统一考试《西医综合》练习题（含答案）学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(45题)1.心动周期中，主动脉瓣关闭的时间是（）。

A.心房收缩期末B.快速射血期初C.减慢射血期初D.等容舒张期初2.电镜下，驼峰状沉淀物沉积在肾小球毛细血管基膜表面的疾病是（）。

A.急进性肾小球肾炎B.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎C.系膜增生性肾小球肾炎D.膜增生性肾小球肾炎3.通常用来鉴定核酸样品纯度的指标是（）。

A.260nm/280nm吸光度比值B.Tm值大小C.DNA变性所需要的时间D.样品中GC含量4.妊娠时维持黄体功能的主要激素是A.雌激素B.孕激素C.LHD.绒毛膜促性腺激素5.育龄期女性月经周期子宫内膜变化规律是（）。

A.月经期-增生期-分泌期B.月经期-分泌期-增生期C.增生期-排卵期-分泌期D.增生期-分泌期-排卵期6.类固醇激素作用的受体是（）A.酪氨酸激酶受体B.核受体C.G蛋白偶联受体D.鸟苷酸环化酶受体7.RNA发挥催化作用的酶是（）。

A.氨基酰-tRNA合成酶B.脱甲酰基酶C.二硫键异构酶D.肽酰转移酶8.糖有氧氧化调控的机制是（）。

A.无氧酵解对有氧氧化的抑制B.NADH增加促进有氧氧化C.ATP/ADP比值影响调节酶的活性D.糖异生与糖酵解底物循环的平衡9.唾液中除含有淀粉酶外，还有A.凝乳酶B.蛋白水解酶C.溶菌酶D.肽酶10.男性，50岁，行甲状腺癌切除术，术后10小时开始感呼吸困难，心悸。

查体：R32次/分，BP 140/92mmHg，心率124次/分，切口处饱满。

进一步的治疗措施为（）。

A.补钙B.手术探查止血C.吸氧，密切观察D.应用糖皮质激素11.肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多可引起的效应是（）。

A.肝外组织蛋白质合成增加B.骨质疏松C.血管舒张D.血糖降低12.急性弥漫性腹膜炎应采取的体位是A.头低脚高位B.半卧位C.平卧位D.侧卧位13.男，25岁，骑车跌倒后1小时来院。

Exercise 1Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. In less than a millionth of a second, the vast computer of an international airline can______ accept 800 booking inquiries, and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies.A) simultaneously B) implicitly C) complacently D) cautiously2. There are two hundred and forty stamps in the sheet, arranged in twenty rows of twelve stamps______.A) individually B) across C) horizontally D) vertically3. Many of the conditions that______ population pressures —overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A) bring forward B) bring out C) result in D) result from4. A severe illness______ the hot weather has left the baby very weak.A) in accordance with B) in line withC) in conjunction with D) in agreement with5. It is a long time since we‟ve been______; I hope everything goes as well as last time.A) united up B) brought up C) teamed up D) picked up6. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical______, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A) interaction B) interferenceC) intervention D) interruption7. In what_______ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.A) applies B) accounts C) amounts D) attaches8. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of______ standards.A) equivalent B) alike C) uniform D) likely9. It has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numberedin the millions and earthquake-related destruction has been_______ calculation.A) under B) over C) behind D) beyond10. We‟re in a_______ position here, with the enemy on the hill above us.A) strong B) powerful C) vulnerable D) negative11. As a teacher, he thinks his business is to stir up_______ in his students rather than insist on obedience.A) observation B) curiosityC) superiority D) judgment12. As a matter of fact, all those countries with whom we are failing to_______ invest more in education than we do.A) balance B) compete C) emerge D) involve13. That‟s just a(n)_______ —nobody really knows what the figure is because nobody bothers to calculate it.A) estimate B) range C) balance D) factor14. The body cannot store vitamin C so it is_______ to have a fresh supply every day.A) essential B) visible C) ultimate D) profound15. My uncle lived in a comfortable home_______ from farm buildings some 15 miles to the northwest of the city.A) constituted B) converted C) stretched D) acquired16. In February, after a(n) ________series of tests, the doctor told us my father was nearing the end of his life.A) relaxing B) consuming C) exhausting D) liberating17. In addition to tax cuts, the government is also expected to make it easier for foreign investors to take _________out of the country.A) investments B) properties C) profits D) technologies18. Ann was ________when she was chosen to speak at the graduation ceremony, but at the same time she was pretty scared.A) flattered B) applauded C) puzzled D) bewildered19. Irene was evidently a heavy smoker, for the first two fingers of her right hand were ________with nicotine.A) addicted B) stabbed C) stained D) radiated20. ________to miss the lecture on Sunday, I had to cut short the visit andcame back on Saturday.A) Reluctant B) Mysterious C) Spontaneous D) EmotionalPart II. ClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the word or phrase to fill in each blank.At the age of 21, Steve Jobs and a friend, Stephen Wozniak, built a personal computer called the Apple. The Apple changed people‟s idea of a computer 1 a gigantic mass of vacuum tubes only big business and the government could 2 to a small box used by ordinary people. No company has done more to 3 the computer and make it user-friendly than Apple Company Inc. Two years after building the Apple I, Steven Jobs 4 the Apple II. The Apple II was the best buy in 5 computers for home and small business 6 the following five years. Steven Jobs was 7 a brilliant young man in Silicon Valley，because he saw the future demands of the computer industry. “The personal computer was created by the hardware revolution of the 1970s and the next 8 change will come from a software revolution,” said Jobs.Jobs was an orphan 9 by Paul and Clara Jobs in 1955. While still in high school, Jobs 10 lectures at the Hewlett-Packard electronics firm. There he was 11 as a summer employee and met another employee, Wozniak, who had a(n) 12 for inventing electronic 13 . In 1972 Jobs graduated from high school and 14 at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. After dropping out of Reed after onesemester, he 15 the campus for a year, taking classes in philosophy. Early in 1974 Jobs took a job 16 video games for Atari, Inc. But, he really had his eye on the 17 end of the electronics business and 18 Wozniak to work with him toward building a personal computer.They sold everything they had, 19 $1,300 to start their new company. With that capital base and credit begged from local electronics suppliers, they set up their production line. Jobs 20 the name of their new company Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon（俄勒冈）.1. A. from B. in C. with D. of2. A. use B. afford C. buy D. purchase3. A. accomplish B. constitute C. popularize D. compose4. A. had introduced B. introduced C. introducing D. to introduce5. A. personal B. individual C. personnel D. private6. A. after B. before C. through D. throughout7. A. consented B. considered C. condemned D. consulted8. A. urgent B. strong C. powerful D. dramatic9. A. adapted B. received C. adopted D. taken10. A. attended B. went C. participated D. visited11. A. reserved B. engaged C. appointed D. hired12. A. emotion B. passion C. feeling D. rage13. A. plan B. system C. method D. devices14. A. recruited B. entered C. registered D. recorded15.A. hung around B. hung on C. hung out D. hung over16. A. depicting B. defying C. designing D. denying17. A. economical B. influential C. initial D. commercial18. A. confirmed B. assured C. persuaded D. prevailed19. A. raising B. recruiting C. enhancing D. arising20. A. came up for B. came up to C. came up from D. came up withPart III. Reading ComprehensionPassage1What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I‟m short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your fr iend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don‟t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jereald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a “white lie,” such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way people‟s behaviour changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls …the mouth cover.‟ He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gesture as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth,or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and, in particular, the context in which the lie is told.1.One sometimes tells one‟s friend a “white lie” because one wants to_________.A.make a profit from the other personB.avoid offending the other personC.convince the other personD.have some fun2.One research suggests that women __________.A.generally lie far more than menB.tend to tell more serious lies than menC.make more promises they can fulfill than menD.are better at telling less serious lies than men3.It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A.politicians tend to tell intentional lies.B.men are less skilled at telling liesC.businessmen seldom break their promisesD.women tend to make false promises4.People may rub their noses when they lie because _________.A.they suffer from high blood pressure at the timeB.the nose is the most sensitive part of the bodyC.the nose reveals the liar more easily than the other parts of the faceD.they do so in order to stop themselves from telling more lies5.It can be learned from the passage that _________.A. lies can easily be detected by careful observersB. lies are usually accompanied by strange gesturesC. people are liable to tell a lie when they hear others lyingD. a liar may give away his or her intention unconsciouslyPassage 2Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.One of their chief duties is to give their children a sense of personalworth, for self-esteem is the basis of a good mental health. A youngster, who is often made to feel stupid, often compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will not feel confident and become so afraid of failing, that he (or she) won‟t try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticisms should be balanced with praises.Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; it‟s like being in a car without brakes. The parent who sa ys “No” when other parents say “Yes” sends a double message. He is also saying: “I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I don‟t want you to get into trouble.”Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the wrong information that they will surely receive from their friends.Parents owe their children privacy and respect for their personal things. This means not borrowing things without being permitted, not reading diaries and mail, not looking through pockets. If a mother feels that she must read her daughter‟s diary to know what is going on, the communication between them must be pretty bad.Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means respecting elders, teachers, and the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory or towels from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing and loving.No child asks to be born. If you bring a life to the world, you owe the child som ething. And if you give him his due, he‟ll have something of value to pass along to your grandchildren.6. According to the passage, parents owe their children the following things except____________.A.CarsB.PrivacyC.Respect of selfrmation about their body7. The writer thinks that teenagers are frightened when they are in charge of themselves because ___________.A. They don‟t know how to stop a car without brakesB. There is no one to guide and discipline themC. They are afraid of being left aloneD. There is no one to ask for help when in trouble8. Which of the following ways is advised for parents to show love to their children?A. Saying “Yes” to everything the children ask for.B. Never embracing older children.C. Refusing something to their children.D. Never criticizing children.9. The word “due” in the last paragraph means_______________.A. something one should do or finish before a fixed timeB. reasonable explanation(s) or plan(s)C. what must be given to someone because it is right or owingD. the money to be paid10. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Parents prefer to let their children be in charge of their own lives at an early age.B. Children learn much by seeing what their parents do.C. Children s houldn‟t be corrected because it destroys their self-esteem.D. It is better to compare a youngster to his brighter brothers because it makes him try harder.Passage 3Procrastinators (拖延症患者)，take note: If you‟ve tried building self-discipline and you‟re still putting things off, maybe you need to try something different. One new approach: Check your mood.Often, procrastinators attempt to avoid the anxiety or worry aroused by a tough task with activities aimed at repairing their mood, such as checking Facebook or taking a nap. But the pattern, which researchers call “giving in to feel good,” makes procrastinators feel worse later, whenthey face the consequences of missing a deadline or making a hasty, last-minute effort, says Timothy Pychyl, an associate professor of psychology at Carleton University.Increasingly, psychologists and time management consultants are focusing on a new strategy: helping procrastinators see how attempts at mood repair are destroying their efforts and learn to regulate their emotions in more productive ways.The new approach is based on several studies in the past two years showing that negative emotions can damage attempts at self-control. It fills a gap among established time-management methods, which stress behavioral changes such as adopting a new organizing system or doing exercises to build willpower.Researchers have come up with a playbook of strategies to help procrastinators turn mood repair to their advantage. Some are tried-and-true classics: Dr. Pychyl advises procrastinators to “just get started, and make the threshold for getting started quite low.”Procrastinators are more likely to put the technique to use when they understand how mood repair works, says Dr. Pychyl. He adds, “A real mood boost comes from doing what we intend to do—the things that are important to us.”He also advises procrastinators to practice “time travel”—projecting themselves into the future to imagine the good feelings they will have after finishing a task, or the bad ones they will have if they don‟t. This remedies procrastinators‟ tendency to get so stuck in present anxieties and worries that they fail to think about the future.Another mood-repair strategy, self-forgiveness, is aimed at dismissing the guilt and self-blame. University freshmen who forgave themselves for procrastinating on studying for the first exam in a course procrastinated less on the next exam, according to a recent study led by Michael Wohl, an associate professor of psychology at Carleton.11. What does Timothy Pychyl say about the “giving in to feel good”practice?A) It helps procrastinators meet the deadline in the last minute.B) It effectively drives away anxiety and worry.C) It probably does more harm than good.D) It prevents procrastinators from giving it.12. What does the new strategy suggest procrastinators should do?A) Adjust their emotions in a more positive way.B) Make greater efforts in mood repair.C) Show greater self-control when facing stress.D) Change their emotions regularly.13. Where does a real mood boost come from according to Dr. Pychyl?A) Getting started from a low threshold.B) Sticking to one's intention.C) Learning important techniques of mood repair.D) Doing things that really matter.14. What is the purpose of the practice “time travel”?A) To stop people from worrying about the future.B) To project the future scheme for people.C) To release people from the present negative emotions.D) To accelerate the speed of finishing a task.15. What can be inferred from Michael Wohl‟s study?A) Procrastinators are still able to get good scores in exams.B) Self-forgiveness is an effective way to curb procrastination.C) University freshmen can rid off procrastination easily.D) The sense of guilt prevents students from putting things off.Part IV. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.1. 此前的研究表明，运动过量可能有害，并可能因增加器官负担而增大过早死亡的风险。

------------------------------------------------ 装 ---------------------------------订 ---------------------------------线 ------------------------------------------------装 订 线 左 侧 不 要 书 写 内 容允许使用计算器一、 填空题 （本大题共10小题，每小题 2分，共 20分）1. 若2.71828x e == ，取近似值* 2.7180x =，则*x 具有 4 位有效数字。

2.为了提高数值计算精度，应将8格式进行计算。

3.已知n=3时牛顿—柯特斯系数(3)(3)(3)012133,,888C C C ===，那么(3)3C =18 。

4.设3()1f x x x =+-，则函数的四阶差商[0,1,2,3,4]f = 0 。

5. 用牛顿迭代法解方程0x x e --=在0.5x =附近的近似实根的牛顿迭代格式为)1,0(e 1e )()(1=+--='-=--+n x x x f x f x x nnx x n n n n n n6. 对给定的剖分01:n a x x x b ∆=<<<= ，当()s x 满足条件 ()s x 在[a,b]有2阶连续导数且在每个子区间上是个3次多项式 时是三次样条函数。

7．用最小二乘法拟合三点()()()0,1,1,3,2,2A B C 的直线是1322y x =+。

8.向量序列()211cos ,sin ,3Tk k x e k k k k -⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭ 的极限向量为()0,1,3T9.求积公式 10311()()(1)434f x dx f f ≈+⎰的代数精度为 2 。

10.若绝对误差限为31102-⨯，那么近似数0.03600有 2 位有效数字二、单项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题 2 分，共 10分）1. 已知实验数据555521111(,)(1,2,3,4,5),15,31,55,105.5,k k k k kk k k k k k x y k x y x x y =========∑∑∑∑其中则用最小二乘法求近似公式01y a a x =+的法方程为（ C ）A 0101153155105.5a a a a +=⎧⎨+=⎩B 0101515551531105.5a a a a +=⎧⎨+=⎩C 0101515311555105.5a a a a +=⎧⎨+=⎩ D0101531153155105.5a a a a +=⎧⎨+=⎩ 2． 以下矩阵是严格对角占优矩阵的是（ B ）A 3210141011410012⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭ B 2100131013610113-⎛⎫⎪--⎪ ⎪-- ⎪-⎝⎭C 5210113121410012-⎛⎫⎪--⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭D 4211141021411315⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪- ⎪⎝⎭3.已知两种递推公式11(1)35(1,2,,20)31(2)(20,,1)55n n n n I nI n I I n n n--=-==-= 则在数值计算过程中（ C ）。

研究生学术英语写作练习题Academic Writing Exercise for Graduate StudentsIntroduction引言Effective academic writing is an essential skill for graduate students as it allows them to communicate their research findings and ideas to a larger audience. In this exercise, we will explore various aspects of academic writing, including structure, language usage, and referencing. Through these practice exercises, graduate students can further enhance their academic English writing skills and produce high-quality research papers.1. Structure and Organization结构与组织The structure and organization of an academic paper play a crucial role in presenting research effectively. To achieve coherence and clarity, a typical research paper consists of the following sections:1.1 Introduction1.1 引言The introduction establishes the context and purpose of the study, providing background information, stating the research question or hypothesis, and outlining the significance of the research. It should be concise yet engaging, capturing the reader's interest and motivating them to continue reading.1.2 Literature Review1.2 文献综述The literature review evaluates existing research and scholarship related to the topic. It demonstrates the writer's understanding of the research field, identifies research gaps, and frames the research problem. The literature review should be well-organized, critically analyzing and synthesizing relevant sources to support the research.1.3 Methodology1.3 方法The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed in the study. It should provide sufficient details to allow readers to replicate the study if desired. Clear and concise explanations of the chosen methodology enable readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the research.1.4 Results1.4 结果The results section presents the findings of the research. It should be presented objectively, using appropriate statistical analyses, tables, and figures to convey the results effectively. The results should be stated clearly and be relevant to the research question or hypothesis.1.5 Discussion1.5 讨论The discussion interprets and explains the results, relating them to existing knowledge and theoretical frameworks. It should address the research question or hypothesis and, if applicable, compare the findings with previous studies. The discussion should be analytical, providing insights into the implications and limitations of the research.1.6 Conclusion1.6 结论The conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications. It should restate the research question or hypothesis and highlight the contributions of the study to the research field. Concise and informative, the conclusion provides closure to the research paper.2. Language Usage语言运用2.1 Clarity and Precision2.1 清晰和准确Academic writing necessitates clear and precise language. To enhance clarity, use concise and specific language rather than vague or ambiguous expressions. Avoid using unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers. Furthermore, make sure to define and explain any specialized terminology used in the paper.2.2 Formal Tone and Style2.2 正式语调和风格Maintain a formal tone and style throughout the paper. Avoid colloquial language, contractions, and personal pronouns. Instead, use objective language and present ideas in a scholarly manner. Maintain a consistent voice and ensure the use of appropriate verb tenses to accurately convey information.2.3 Cohesion and Coherence2.3 连贯性和一致性To achieve cohesion and coherence, use appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas and paragraphs. Clear topic sentences should introduce each paragraph, and logical transitions should guide the reader smoothly through the text. Additionally, use appropriate referencing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and avoid plagiarism.3. Referencing引用3.1 Citation Styles3.1 引用风格Different academic disciplines adopt specific citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style. Students should familiarize themselves with the appropriate citation style for their research field and consistently apply it throughout the paper. Accurate and consistent referencing allows readers to locate the cited sources and verify the information.3.2 In-text Citations3.2 文中引用In-text citations are crucial for academic integrity and acknowledging the ideas of other researchers. When referring to an author's work or ideas, include the author's name, year of publication, and page number (if applicable) within the text. Use quotation marks for direct quotes and paraphrase or summarize information from other sources.3.3 Reference List3.3 参考文献列表At the end of the research paper, include a reference list that provides complete bibliographical details for all the sources cited in the text. Arrange the references alphabetically by the author's last name. Ensure the accuracy and consistency of the reference list by adhering to the specific citation style guidelines.Conclusion结论Mastering academic writing is a fundamental skill for graduate students. By understanding the structure, language usage, and referencing conventions of academic writing, students can produce well-organized, coherent, and impactful research papers. Through continuous practice and attention to detail, graduate students can enhance their academic English writing skills and effectively communicate their research findings to the academic community.。

2024年研究生考试《中医综合》练习题及答案学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、单选题(35题)1.热裂津亏与血虚不荣均可见的表现（）。

A.裂纹舌B.齿痕舌C.点刺舌D.胖大舌2.女性，63岁，排便不畅，便质不干，临厕努挣乏力，腹胀，舌质淡，脉弱。

根据针灸处方选穴选择，辨证选配的主穴是（）。

A.天枢，支沟，脾俞，阴陵泉，丰隆B.天枢，支沟，大肠俞，上巨虚，照海C.天枢，支沟，关元，下脘，丰隆D.天枢，支沟，脾俞，三阴交，公孙3.常用冰片而不用麝香治疗的是（）。

A.水火烫伤B.血滞经闭C.咽喉肿痛D.跌打损伤4.以下不属于桂苓甘露饮的组成的是（）。

A.白术、茯苓B.泽泻、猪苓C.石膏、滑石D.桂枝、车前子5.《素问·水热穴论》“肾者，胃之关”的含义是（）。

A.肾阳帮助脾胃的运化功能B.肾气的固摄主司二便的排泄C.肾为封藏之本，主司精的藏泄D.肾气的蒸腾气化作用主司尿液的生成与排泄6.患者心悸胸闷，下肢水肿，小便短少，胃寒肢冷，朦胧欲睡，口唇紫暗，舌淡紫苔白滑，脉沉细无力，其诊断是（）。

A.心阳虚证B.肾虚水泛证C.心肾阳虚证D.脾肾阳虚证7.下列根据五行相生规律确定的治法是（）。

A.佐金平木B.泻心清肝C.疏肝健脾D.培土制水8.治疗饮食积滞，泻而不畅的常用药是（）。

A.火麻仁B.大腹皮C.大黄D.甘遂9.参苏饮组成药物（）。

A.前胡、茯苓、桔梗B.木香、葛根、砂仁C.杏仁、白前、荆芥D.茯苓、甘草、白术10.根据《中华人民共和国执业医师法》第二十二条的规定，不属于医师所履行的义务的是（）。

A.保护患者隐私B.宣传卫生保健知识，对患者进行健康教育C.努力钻研业务，提高业务技术水平D.参加专业学术团体，担任学术职务11.下列关于“魄门”的启闭与五脏关系的叙述，不正确的是（）。

A.依赖于肾气的推动和固摄B.依赖于肝气的条达与疏泄C.依赖于肺气的升提D.依赖于脾气的运化12.玉女煎主治（）。

研究生英语练习答案及译文Unit OneTextA Brief History of EnglishKey to ExercisesIV. Cloze: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. Fill each blank with a proper word.1.Firstly2. and3. whom4. but5. either1.number 7. no 8. rest 9. expanding 10. because Translation of the Text英语简史保罗罗伯茨想要掌握英语这门语言就必须了解英语的历史，然而对此我们只能做到略有所知。

因为英语的历史漫长而复杂，我们只能抓住其发展过程中的几个关键时期。

英语的历史起源于公元600年之后，而对于公元600年之前的英语史前阶段我们只能揣测而无法证实。

公元前1000年左右，英语民族的祖先（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）生活在北欧森林之中，他们的语言属于印欧语系中的日耳曼语支。

这些盎格鲁-撒克逊人是如何迁移到英格兰的，对此我们知之甚少。

然而据我们所知，在很长一段时间内盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人一直在为巩固他们在英格兰的定居地而战。

他们与凯尔特人的战争持续了一百多年，直到英格兰境内的凯尔特人不是被杀，就是被迫流亡到威尔士或沦为奴隶。

这就是亚瑟王时期。

亚瑟王不完全是一个传说人物，他是个受过罗马文明影响的凯尔特人，是一位将领，或许不是一位国王。

他也曾打败过盎格鲁-撒克逊人，但只是一时的胜利。

到了公元550年前后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人才最终定居下来。

英语从此来到了英格兰。

我们习惯上把英语的历史分为三个阶段：古英语，中世纪英语和现代英语。

古英语从最早的历史记载即公元七世纪到大约1100年；中世纪英语从1100年到1450或1500年；现代英语从1500年至今。

现代英语也可以再分为早期现代英语（1500年到1700年）和后期现代英语（1700年至今）。