第四节 介词的翻译

第四节介词的翻译

一、介词转译成动词

1.将英语介词译成汉语动词

by train 乘火车toward the south朝南

against the proposal 反对该项提议within one’s

power尽力

around the center围绕中心of necessity有必要before everything居于首位through the ages古往今来off shore离岸up the wind顶着风for principled unity主张有原则的团结above classes 超阶级with a smile 笑了一笑on the wrong track

走错了路子

in the rain淋着雨without a handle缺了一个把from the masses, to the masses从群众中来，到群众中去

2.英语介词与汉语动词之间的转换有三类：

（1）表语性介词短语

（2）表原因、目的、方式、手段的状语性介词短语

（3）补语性介词短语

（1）表语性介词短语

每个介词都有一批可作表语用的短语，都可以转换成

汉语动词。

以at为例：

to be at anchor 抛下锚to be at a pinch极有必要to be at leisure闲着，有空to be at work上班、工作to be at the cinema看电影to be at this rate照这样下去

to be at ease 安心to be at sb.’s service听候（某人）吩咐

to be at peace处在和平时期to be at war with与（）交战

to be at variance with sb. 与（）有分歧

to be at play游戏

to be at one’s mercy听从（）摆布

to be at sb.’s expense由（）担负开支

(2)表原因、目的、方式、手段的状语性介词短语

以for为例：to leave Beijing for Shanghai离京去沪以as为例：to work as an apprentice当学徒

以with为例：to do sth. with a good intention怀着善意

以out of为例：to do it out of right senses出于良知以off为例：to get off the track离题

以by为例：to do sth. by force用武力做某事

以over为例：to stay over the weekend过了周末再走

以on为例：

to act on sb.’s advice 按照（）建议办事

to do sth. on one’s authority依仗（）权威做某事to read on end没完没了地读下去

to go out on a spree出外寻欢作乐

to rack one’s brains on a case 为处理某一案件大

伤脑筋to act on impulse凭冲动办事

to set one’s teeth on edge发出嘎吱嘎吱的刺耳声

（使人难以忍受）

to promise sth. on one’s honor用名誉担保

(3)补语性介词短语(补充说明宾语的行为、性状、处所等)

如：to arrange troops for battle部署部队准备作战

to ask sb. about his intention询问某人有什么打算

to let sb. into the secret让某人了解其中的秘密

to exhort sb. to sth.勉励某人做某事

to name sb. for some position提名某人担任某职

to nominate sb. to the vacant post推荐某人填补空缺

to take sb. about the city领着某人游览该市

作业：

1）Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.(A.L.Strong)

2）“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and

into the porch.

3）Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square, and then entered a huge building.

4）We drove home a bit after midnight, over the river and through the lovely old sleeping town.

5）The judge sat in the dining-room amid his

morning mail.

二紧扣介词词义，添加语义补足词

1）I did not hear much of him.

关于他的情况，我听到的不多。

2) I could hear her voice distinctly amidst the din of the crowds.

尽管人群拥挤，我还是能在一片嘈杂声中清楚地听到她的声音。

3) He is already past recovery.

他已经没有康复的希望了。

4) Try and get round him.

尽力说服他，争取他同意吧。

5) The spectacle unfolded to the music.

奇景伴随着音乐，展现在人们的眼前。