M1~M7错题

1. School life in the UK (M1U1:R)Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual ,as schools in China begin before8 a.m.On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly in the school hall. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. We soon became best friends. During the assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.I had many teachers in the past year. Mr Heywood, my class teacher, was very helpful. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke-I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. In our class there were 28 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French.My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e-mails to my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can stop studying some subjects if they don‘t like them, for example, History, French and Art. They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages, such as Spanish, German. In Art class that I took, I made a small sculpture. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much..I missed Chinese food a lot at lunch. British food is very different. British people like eating desserts at the end of their main meal. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction. And I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.2 (M1U1:P)We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school.I am lucky as I am one of the hosts.It was started two years ago. One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member. Our club is much more than just music. Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and somespecial messages that the teachers want us to broadcast.During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers.When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays.I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me. (Kate Jones)Our school club 'Poets of the Next Generation' is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr. Owen. We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like. In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud. We also discuss poems in our meetings.When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard. I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read. The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard. (Bob Shaw)3. Home alone (M1U2:R)ACT ONEMom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter.Dad: It‘s so nice to be home!Mom: Yes, I can‘t wait to surprise the boys!（Suddenly the door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room. Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.)Eric: Mom! Dad! You‘re back early!（looking around room, sounding frightened) But, but… you weren‘t supposed to come home until tomorrow!The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad.Mom: (bending to touch dog) Eric, he‘s so tired and hungry! (looking at table) The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving! What did you do with the cash we left?Dad: And look at this room—garbage all over the place! Where is your brother? (shouting angrily) Daniel!Daniel: (running into room) Mom, Dad, I can explain…Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room. The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel.Dad : (sounding very angry) Listen to me, young man—we left you in charge! We thought you could act like an adult ,but look at the mess ! I don‘t know why the house is so dirty….Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person who would make good decisions.Dad: How can we trust you any more? We won‘t tolerate such behavior in our house.Daniel: (shouting) Stop shouting at me. I‘m still a teenager! Why is everything always my fault?Daniel runs into his bedroom and shuts the door angrily. Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out.End of act oneAct two, Scene OneDaniel and Eric’s bedroom. Eric sits on his bed. Daniel has arms crossed and looks upset.Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to defend myself. I hate them!Eric: You don‘t hate them. I can tell them we had an emergency. Then they won‘t be mad any more.Daniel: No, don‘t tell them anything. Anyhow, they didn‘t trust me. They don‘t deserve an explanation. Let them think what they want.Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and we used the money to take him to the clinic….Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him and that is why we had no time to clean the house…But no, Eric, why didn‘t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me?Act two, Scene TwoMom: Do you think we were too hard on Daniel? Perhaps there is a reason why the house is a mess….Dad: Maybe, but now that he has been so rude to us, I feel like we have to punish him or he won‘t respect us.Mom: Oh, why does this have to be so difficult?Mom sighs.End of Act Two4. Growing pains (M1U2:P)Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through. Day by day, everything seems different, yet the same, Life never seems to be going fast enough；yet, in other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing too fast and even going out of control. Has anyone else ever felt this way?These feelings are a common part of adolescence- the time of life between child and adult. And\though it may sometimes be difficult to believe, you are not alone—every adult has gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through it right now along with you. It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood. These feelings can be thought of as growing pains –the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults.As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. During adolescence, teenagers go through great physical changes, they grow taller and their voices get deeper, among many other developments.Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes. Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard. Many boys become risk-takers----they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behavior. At the same time, girls often want someone –anyone –to talk to, as theytry to deal with their strong feelings.In the social world, as teenagers get older, they struggle to depend on themselves. They may badly want and need their parents love, yet feel distant; they may want to be part of the group yet desire independence, since teenagers have difficulty balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in feelings.The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last. In the end everything turns OK---the teenager becomes a healthy adult, and this period of challenge is traded for the changes and challenges of grown-up life.5. Dying to be thin… (M1U3:R)Hi Zhou LingHow are you? I haven‘t heard from you for weeks. Is everything OK with you?Do you still go to the gym every day? I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don‘t work out any more. I know another way to stay slim. Looking good is important to women, isn‘t it? Most young women want a s lim figure these days, especially here in Canada. I‘m trying to lose weight because I‘m so ashamed of my body. Since I‘m preparing to act in a new TV show, I‘m taking weight-lose pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here. I hope to lose at least 10 kilograms. I take two pills a day and don‘t need to exercise.The pills really work! I‘m becoming slimmer and slimmer. I‘ve lost 7 kilograms in the last two months. However, sometimes I don‘t feel so energetic. My mother, who you met l ast year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. She says health is the most important thing, and I agree, but then I look so slim at the moment.Write soon!LoveAmyDear Zhou LingThings change so quickly! I‘m now in hospital reco vering from liver failure. I regret taking those weight-lose pills. They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. The pills were going to completely destroy my liver if I continued taking them. My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment.It was a really painful experience, but I‘m feeling better now. I follow my doctor‘s advice and exercise for at least half an hour every day (but I seldom go to the gym!), and eat lots of fruit and vegetables. P eople should look after their bodies. My mother is right: don‘t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. It isn‘t worth it. We shouldn‘t be ashamed of the way we look, should we?I hope to hear from you soon.LoveAmyDear AmyMy computer was broken so I couldn‘t read your two e-mails until today. I‘m so sorry to hear about your problem, but I‘m glad you‘re feeling better and are recovering.You‘re right. We shouldn‘t be embarrassed about our weight. I think you look great as you are, and you‘r e a wonderful person. I know that the pressure to stay slim is a problem, especially for an actress. However, your mother knows best: nothing is more important than health.It‘s the same in China--many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on a diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. I hope they can learn from your story.LoveZhou Ling6. (M1U3:P)The truth is, diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, the good news is that you can feel better, look better and have more energy if you eat the right food and exercise regularly.Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit. Diets are useless in the long term, yet approximately 20% of teenagers say they have tried going on a diet and skipping meals to control their weight. If you eat properly and exercise regularly, you will lose weight, keep fit and feel great.As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy it needs. If you skip meals, you don‘t get enough energy, and then you feel tired. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water—six to eight glasses a day. Water helps keep your system clean. Drinking enough water will improve your skin and give you healthy hair.Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Experts suggest that teenagers spend at least 30 minutes exercising, five times a week. That is easy to do! Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. Often, teenagers give up sport, saying they have no time left after their studies. Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study. These chemicals can even help you sleep better at night.A good amount of sleep every night is also important for your health. When you sleep, your body prepares you for the day to come. Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep each night. As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can make you look tired, and even cause you to gain weight.If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all.7. Boy missing, police puzzled (M2U1:R)Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing three days ago in Dover, New Hampshire. This incident has received great interest due to reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.Justin Foster，a high school student，was last seen Friday night. That evening at 8p.m. Justinwent to play baseball with two friends, who both say Justin went home after the game. Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10.45 p.m. Justi 's sister , Kelly, aged nine ,says she heard her brother return home at about 11 p.m.‗I was getting ready for bed, ' Kelly said. 'Justin went straight to his room. I didn't see him, but i heard him put on his favorite CD. I went to bed, and was woken up around midnight by a bright light outside my window.'At first, the young girl thought it was the light of the full moon, but then she realized that it was moving and coming closer.'I pulled back the curtains and saw a large spaceship flying outside. It had blue lights all around it, and there were many windows. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. I was frightened!'Kelly said that the spaceship then moved around to the side of the house, towards her brother's bedroom.' There was a flash of light and i heard Justin shout, and then the UFO just disappeared. I haven't seen Justin since. I'm sure the aliens took him.'Kelly then ran and woke up her mother. However, since Mrs Foster thought that Justin was spending the night with a friend, she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream, and sent her back to bed. Mrs Foster was working that night on his road construction job, and was not home when these events occurred. When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day, Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police.Some people in Dover also say that they saw aliens that night. 'It's happened to me!' said Mrs Mavis Wood. 'The aliens took me aboard the UFO so that they could do research on me. Luckily, they returned me home without any injuries. The whole experience was terrible! I haven't been sleeping well since I returned home. I think Justin was taken away by them, too.' When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists, ' Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. There's really no hard evidence that aliens took him. So, while we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. We will not give up until we find out what happened.'8. Yeti, Bigfoot and the Wild Man of Shennongjia (M2U1:P)For centuries, people have reported seeing a wild creature in the Himalayas called Yeti. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks an two feet like a human being. People believe that Yetis sometimes come down from the mountains to attack villagers.In 1998, an American mountain climber said that he saw a Yeti on the Chinese side of the Himalayas. 'It walked like a human, but it had thick black fur and was about six feet tall with huge shoulders, very long arms and large hands, 'he said.In 2007, an American TV team saw Yeti tracks 33 centimetres in length in the snow near Mount Qomolangma. They made copies of these tracks and had them examined by a scientist in the USA. He reported that they looked like the tracks of a similar creature, called Bigfoot, which some people believe lives in the forests of the north-west of the USA.Yeti and Bigfoot are similar to a creature known as the Wild Man of Shennongjia. There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in western Hubei Province, China. In one case, a group of engineers ran after the creature, whichmoved with amazing speed and strength. Large tracks have also been discovered which some people say belong to the Wild Man. Because of these reports and the tracks, there have been several organized searches for this creature, but no strong evidence for existence has ever been found.Dr Grover Krantz, a scientist from Washington State University, studied reports of such strange creatures for many years. He became convinced they exist .He believed that these creatures are linked to a common ancestor, an animal that lived in Asia some 300000 years ago. In his opinion, this animal made its way to other parts of the world, and continues to survive even today.Scientists hope that the mystery will be solved one day. If such creatures really exist, we might have the chance to see one with our own eyes.9. (M2U2:R)30 JuneDear AihuaHow are you going？Sorry I haven‘t written for so long. I‘ve been quite busy arranging my holiday with my older brother, Colin. Colin and I plan to spend a few weeks travelling before he goes to university. We‘re going to visit so many exciting places and d o lots of extraordinary things. We will go to Africa first. I can‘t wait! Have you ever been there?We leave London in 15 July, and we‘ll be taking a flight to Morocco, in northern Africa. We‘re going to ride camels through the Sahara Desert. It‘s the bigg est desert in the world——about the size of the US! I expect it will be very hot, dry and dusty there. We‘ll be travelling by camel with local guides, camping in tents and sleeping on the ground. I‘ve heard that, in the Sahara, there is no shade during the day, and the stars seem especially brilliant on clear nights. I‘ll bring a flashlight with me so that I‘ll be able to see in the dark. Altogether, the trip will take six days. That means I‘ll have to sit on a camel for almost a week---how uncomfortable! I hope my camel likes me!After the trip by camel, we‘re going to travel down the River Nile. We‘ll start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water gets quite rough. So, we‘ll go white-water rafting. It‘s quite dangerous, bu t very exciting! You have to wear a helmet and a life jacket for protection, just in case you fall into the water.Then, we‘re going on a trip to see wild animals in Kenya. We‘ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow‘s blood! Do you think I should drink it?Since we‘ll be walking for almost two weeks, I‘ll need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. During the day, we‘ll walk across the land, following the tracks o f wildlife such as elephants, lions and giraffes. We‘ll try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though they‘re dangerous, so that we can take some really good photographs. But don‘t worry about me. Our guides will have guns with them for defia nce---they can use the guns to scare the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see an elephant up close, and Colin wants to see a giraffe.After that, we‘ll be moving on to Tanzania, where we‘re going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. Mountain climbing can be very tiring, and many people feel sick as the atmosphere gets thinner,so Colin and I will make sure that we get plenty of rest. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks. Afterwards, we‘re going to the Himalayas.I‘ll send you postcards from all the different places we visit!LoveToby10. Shangri-la (M2U2:P)Would you like the chance to discover a place of mystery and beauty in the south-west of China? If your answer is ‗yes‘, consider a trip to Shangri-la !How to get thereStart in the city of Dali and drive north along the Y unnan-Tibet Highway until you reach Zhongdian(Shangri-la), the capital of Diqing. Zhongdian is 659 kilometres away from Kunming, and there are regular flights between the two cities.The world-famous Chinese Shangri-laThe word ‗Shangri-la‘ first appeared in a classic novel by James Hilton. Today, Shangri-la has become a common English word meaning heaven on earth. Hilton described a beautiful kingdom where three rivers joined together, steep mountains reached to the sky, and fields of long grass covered the earth. In this perfect world lived people who had discovered how to stay young forever.Which place could officially take the name of this wonderful land? There were arguments over which tourist spot would win the name of Shangri-la. Many years after the book was published, some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for ZhongDian in Yunnan Province, China. In September 1997, the government of Yunnan province announced that ZhongDian was the Shangri-la of Hilton‘s story.What you will see in Shangri-laThree mountains, Meili, Baimang and Haba, which are covered with snow, tower over the land.Their snowy mountaintops form a beautiful picture that will leave you at a loss for words Below the mountains, the sunshine reflects on the many lakes, making them shine like diamonds against the rich countryside. Sheep, cattle and horses wander on the green grass, and the surrounding forests are home to many birds and animals. In this perfect land, people live in perfect harmony with nature, far away from the noise and worry of the outside world.Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, making the land a happy home for the local people.What the weather is likeThe weather changes so quickly that people say you can experience four seasons in one day. The best times to visit Shangri-la are spring and autumn when the temperature is at its mildest.11. The curse of the mummy (M2U3:R)Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. He was brave and loved to visit and explore new places. During his life, he discovered many amazing things.Howard Carter did not go to school, but learnt to draw from his father, who was an artist. He was bright and curious about the world outside his home town. In 1891, at the age of 17, he set sail for Alexandria, Egypt. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings. These preserved bodies are known as mummies.In 1922, Howard Carter made his most amazing discovery of all, in the Valley of the Kings, in Egypt. He had received money from Lord Carnarvon, a British man who was very interested in Egypt. Carter‘s team was working at a place near the city of Luxor. There, they came across the tomb of King Tutankhamun. It was the most important tomb that had ever been found. ‗The to mb contained more treasure than any of us had ever seen before, as well as the mummy of the king,‘ said Carter. ‗After we looked into the tomb, we closed it and hid its entrance. We wanted to study the tomb later when we had more time. Afterwards, all of i ts contents would go into a museum.‘However, not long after the discovery, people in Carter‘s team began to fall ill and die. Upon their entering the tomb, Carter‘s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was awallowed by a snake. Then, a few months after Carter had opened the tomb, Lord Carnarvon, who was also present when the tomb was opened, fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt. At the moment of Carnarnon‘s death, the lights went out in Cairo, the capital of Egypt. Back in England, his dog died at approximately the same time.George Gould, a friend of Carnarvon‘s, went to Egypt after hearing of his strange death. He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day. Twelve hours later, he was dead. Carter‘s secretary, Richard Bethell, died of heart trouble four months after the tomb was opened. Arthur Mace, another member of the team, also died shortly after the discovery.Within seven years, 21 people who had something to do with the opening of the tomb died. Howard Carter, however, lived on until the age of 65. Some people say the deaths were just coincidence. Others believe that they were in connection with a mummy‘s curse, as a punishment for those who enter the resting place of the dead.However, still others believe that there is a scientific explanation. Inside the tombs, there are many viruses. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. Today, when scientists examine mummies, they wear special clothing for protection.What is certain, though, is that ‗the curse of the mummy‘ remains a riddle to this day.12. Explorer (M2U3:P)16 October 2003What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His voyage in space took him 600,000 kilometres in orbit, around the Earth 14 times, in just over 21 hours. It made him China‘s first astronaut in space. He had worked towards this achievement for many years.Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to fly since he was a young boy. His friends and teachers from Suizhong in the north-east of Liaoning Province have all said that he loved science and technology from a young age. He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly. His dream wasencouraged by his parents as well as his older sister and younger brother.In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight school. He graduated in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called s h e n z h o u He was one of the only 14 selected from 1,500 candidates. The team spent the next five years being trained. They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut, but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very top in everything the group studied.In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were picked for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to prove he was fit for this important task. Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. Yang was described by his superiors as hard-working and always in control of himself. Because of these qualities, they were optimistic he would be successful.In the end, Yang was indeed a success. His name will go down in history with those of Yuri Gagarin and Alan Shepard. The people of China can be proud of Yang Liwei, and young people all over the world can look up to him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.13. Fog (M3U1:R)Fog warningWhen Polly left home that morning, the city was already covered in a grey mist. At lunch, the radio forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon. At four o‘clock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog. She wondered if the buses would still be running.No buses to King StreetOnce out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.‗How far are you going?‘ the bus conductor asked her before he took her fare.‗King Street,‘ said Polly.‗Sorry, Miss,‘ replied the man, ‗the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.‘A tall manAs Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere to be seen.FootstepsWhen Polly got to the station entrance, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud. There was no one in sight. Polly set off towards Park Street. As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough hand brush her cheek, and she heard a man‘s voice in her ear saying ‗Sorry.‘ The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating with fear.The helpful strangerThen she heard the sound again - soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. Now she wanted to run, but fear held her still. The footsteps seemed。

第二章作业评分要求：1. 每小题6分: 结果正确1分; 方法格式正确3分; 计算过程2分. 合计48分2. 给出每小题得分(注意: 写出扣分理由)3. 总得分在采分点1处正确设置.一. 证明下面等值式(真值表法, 解逻辑方程法, 等值演算法, 三种方法每种方法至少使用一次):说明证1. p ⇔(p ∧q)∨(p ∧¬q)解逻辑方程法设 p ↔((p ∧q)∨(p ∧¬q)) =0, 分两种情况讨论:⎩⎨⎧=⌝∧∨∧=0)()(1)1(q p q p p 或者 ⎩⎨⎧=⌝∧∨∧=1)()(0)2(q p q p p (1)(2)两种情况均无解, 从而, p ↔(p ∧q)∨(p ∧¬q)无成假赋值, 为永真式. 等值演算法(p ∧q)∨(p ∧¬q)⇔ p ∧(q ∨¬q)∧对∨的分配率⇔ p ∧1 排中律⇔ p 同一律 真值表法2. (p→q)∧(p→r)⇔p→(q∧r)等值演算法(p→q)∧(p→r)⇔ (¬p∨q)∧(¬p∨r)蕴含等值式⇔¬p∨(q∧r)析取对合取的分配律⇔ p→(q∧r)蕴含等值式3. ¬(p↔q)⇔(p∨q)∧¬(p∧q)等值演算法¬(p↔q)⇔¬( (p→q)∧(q→p) )等价等值式⇔¬( (¬p∨q)∧(¬q∨p) )蕴含等值式⇔¬( (¬p∧¬q)∨(p∧q) )合取对析取分配律, 矛盾律, 同一律⇔ (p∨q)∧¬(p∧q)德摩根律4. (p∧¬q)∨(¬p∧q)⇔(p∨q)∧¬(p∧q)等值演算法(p∧¬q)∨(¬p∧q)⇔ (p∨q)∧¬(p∧q)析取对合取分配律, 排中律, 同一律说明: 用真值表法和解逻辑方程法证明相当于证明为永真式.等值演算法证明时每一步后面最好注明理由以加深印象, 熟练后可以不写. 由于等值演算法证明具有较强的技巧性, 平时应注意总结心得.二. 求下列公式的主析取范式与主合取范式(等值演算法与用成真赋值或成假赋值求解都至少使用一次):1.2.3.4.1. (¬p→q)→(¬q∨p)解(¬p→q)→(¬q∨p)⇔ (p∨q)→(¬q∨p)蕴含等值式⇔ (¬p∧¬q)∨(¬q∨p)蕴含等值式, 德摩根律⇔ (¬p∧¬q)∨¬q ∨ p结合律⇔ p∨¬q吸收律, 交换律⇔ M1因此, 该式的主析取范式为m0∨m2∨m32. (¬p→q)∧(q∧r)解逻辑方程法设 (¬p→q)∧(q∧r) =1, 则¬p→q=1且 q∧r=1,解得q=1, r=1, p=0 或者 q=1, r=1, p=1, 从而所求主析取范式为 m3∨m7, 主合取范式为M0∧M1∧M2∧M4∧M5∧M6等值演算法(¬p→q)∧(q∧r)(p q)(q r) 蕴含等值式(p q r)(q r) 对分配律, 幂等律(p q r) (p q r)(p q r) 同一律, 矛盾律, 对分配律m7 m3主合取范式为M0∧M1∧M2∧M4∧M5∧M63. (p↔q)→r解逻辑方程法设 (p↔q)→r =0, 解得 p=q=1, r=0 或者 p=q=0, r=0, 从而所求主合取范式为M0∧M6, 主析取范式为m1∨m2∨m3∨m4∨m5∨m7等值演算法(p↔q)→r((p q)(q p))r 等价等值式((p q)(q p))r 蕴含等值式(p q)(q p)r 德摩根律, 蕴含等值式的否定(参见PPT)(p q r)(q p r) 对分配律, 矛盾律, 同一律M0 M6主析取范式为m1∨m2∨m3∨m4∨m5∨m74. (p→q)∧(q→r)解等值演算法(p→q)∧(q→r)(p q)(q r) 蕴含等值式(p q)(p r)(q r) 对分配律, 矛盾律, 同一律(p q r)(p q r) (p q r)(p q r)(p q r)(p q r)m1 m0 m3 m7主合取范式为M2 M4 M5 M6.解逻辑方程法设 (p q) (q r) = 1, 则p q =1 且 q r =1.前者解得: p=0, q=0; 或者 p=0, q=1; 或者 p=1, q=1.后者解得: q=0, r=0; 或者 q=0, r=1; 或者 q=1, r=1.综上可得成真赋值为 000, 001, 011, 111, 从而主析取范式为m0m1m3m7, 主合取范式为M2 M4 M5 M6.真值表法公式 (p q) (q r) 真值表如下:p q r(p q) (qr)00010011010001111000101011001111013724 M5 M6.。

八下M1-M重点短语Module 1【短语归纳】1.a bit 有点儿2.be done 完成了；做好了3.have a try 尝一尝；试试看4.in the middle 在中间5.hear from 收到某人的来信6.each other 互相7.as well 也8.be proud of… 为……而感到骄傲9.be good at 擅长10.a few 几个；一些11.in the right way 以正确的方式12.be excited about 对……感到兴奋13.help sth. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人14.shake hands with 跟……握手15.talk with 与……交谈【用法集萃】1.would like to do sth. 想做某事2.want to do sth. 想做某事3.I’m afraid… 恐怕……4.Shall I…? 我……吧5.be sure+句子确信……6.Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事是而感谢7.It+be +形容词+to do sth. 做某事是……的8.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事9.spend money(on)/time(in)doing sth. 花费金钱/时间做某事10.in+一段时间……之后11.how to do sth. 如何做某事12.be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事13.ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人(不要)做某事14.much+比较级……得多Module 2【短语归纳】1.lots of 许多2.enter a competiton 参加比赛3.first prize 一等奖4.good luck 好运5.think about 考虑6.a lot 大量；非常7.make up 编写；创作8.at the moment 此刻9.for example 例如10.be different 与……不同11.so far 到目前为止12.count down 倒数；倒计时13.by train 乘火车14.have a wonderful time 过得愉快15.find out 发现；了解【用法集萃】1.help sb. +(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事2.stop+doing sth. 停止做某事3.need+to do sth. 需要做某事4invite sb. +to do sth. 邀请某人做某事5.the+姓氏复数……一家；……夫妇6.love doing sth. 喜爱做某事7.have been to+某地去过某地8.begin+to do sth. 开始做某事9.enjoy+doing sth. 喜欢做某事10.learn+to do sth. 学着做某事11.one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词最……之一12.ask sb.+(not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事Module 3【短语归纳】1.be up to 忙于，正在做2.no problem 没问题3.far away 远离4.go online 上网5.search for 搜索6.on the earth 在地球上7.billions of 数以十亿计的8.more than 多于，超过9.as…as 和……一样……municate with sb. 和某人联系【用法集萃】1.in order to do sth. 为了做某事2.adj./sdv.+enough+to do stn. 足够……可以做某事3.finish doing sth. 做完某事4.as+形容词/副词原级+as 和……一样……5.watch sb. /sth. doing sth. 看见某人/某物正在做某事watch s./ sth. do sth. 看见某人/某物做某事Module 4【短语归纳】1.stomach ache 胃痛；腹痛2.catch a cold 感冒3.take sb’s temperature 量某人的体温4.take part (in sth.) 参加，参与5.in excellent condition 健康状况很好6.feel awful 感到不舒服7.all over 浑身；到处8.too much 太多9.such as 像；例如10.by underground 坐地铁11.in hospital 住院12.go running 跑步【用法集萃】1.stop doing sth. 停止做某事2.why don’t we do sth. 我们为何不做某事呢?3.too+adj.+to do sth. 太……不能做某事4.what (a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语(+其他)!5.“疑问句+不定时”作宾语6.what about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?Module 5【短语归纳】1. climb up向上爬，攀登2. all over the world全世界3. win the heart of sb赢得某人的心4. ever since自从5. more than超过，多于6. as well as既……又……，不但……而且……7. come out出版8. be good at擅长9. next to邻近10. ask sb for sth向某人要什么11. at first当初，起初12. tell a story讲故事13. come to life苏醒过来；表现生动14. the number of………的数量15. be popular with受到……的欢迎16. in the future将来，未来【用法荟萃】1.keep +ving不断做……，反复做……2. can’t help +ving忍不住做……3. expect+动词不定式期望做……4. mind + 名词/动名词介意/ 反对……Module 6【短语归纳】1. take up占据2. a bit of一点3. have a look看一看4. show sb sth把某物展示给某人5. tidy up使整齐；使整洁6. such as例如7. look after照顾，照看8. as well as除了；也9. talk about谈论；讨论10. come out出版；问世11. as a result结果；因此12. run out of用尽；耗光【用法荟萃】1. most of+名词/代词……中的大部分2. as+形容词/副词原形+as 和……一样……3. enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事4. make sb do sth使某人做某事5. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事6. be interested in (doing) sth对（做）某事有兴趣7. see sb/ sth doing sth看见某人/某物正在做某事8. have to do sth必须做某事Module 7【短语归纳】1.prepare for为……做准备2. make a list列清单3. at the end of在……的结尾；在……的末端4. pay for为……付款5. too much 太多6. by the way 顺便说一下7. have a great time 玩得开心8. at the same time 同时9. as well as 除……以外，还…… 10. depend on 取决于，决定于11. stay in touch (with sb)（与某人）保持联系12. go shopping 去购物 13. try out 试验，尝试14. form (close) friendship with sb 和某人建立（亲密的）友谊 15. fill out 填写；填充【用法荟萃】1.had better+动词原形 最好做某事2. offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物3. be certain to+动词原形 确信/有把握……十年寒窗，在此一搏； 冲刺中考，奋斗今朝； 九年磨砺剑，一朝试锋芒； 怀揣梦想，搏击风浪， 策马雄关，青春永不言败。

1、括号内规格尽量不采用。

2、M3～M20为商品规格，其它为通用规格。

3、材料/力学性能 钢/8.8, 12.9不锈钢 / ≤M20时为A2-70; ＞M20时为A2-50.标记示例：螺纹规格d=M5, 公称长度l=20mm, 性能等级为8.8级，表面氧化的内六角圆柱头螺钉：螺钉 GB70-85 M5×201、括号内规格尽量不采用。

2、材料/力学性能：钢/ 4.8。

标记示例：螺纹规格d=M5, 公称长度l=20mm, 性能等级为4.8级，不经表面处理的H型十字槽沉头螺钉：螺钉GB819-85 M5×201. C 级垫圈没有Ra3.2和去毛刺的要求。

2. C 级适用于中等装配系列，A 级适用于精装配系列。

3. GB848-85主要用于带圆柱头螺钉，其他用于标准六角螺栓、螺钉和螺母。

材料力学性能等级：钢 100HV 标记示例：标准系列、公称尺寸d=8mm ，性能等级为100HV 级、不经表面处理的平垫圈：垫圈GB95—85 8 100HV材料力学性能等级：钢 200HV; 奥氏体不锈钢 A200 标记示例： 标准系列、公称尺寸d=8mm ，性能等级为200HV 级、不经表面处理的平垫圈：垫圈GB97.1—85 8 200HV材料力学性能等级：钢300HV; 奥氏体不锈钢A350标记示例：标准系列、公称尺寸d=8mm，性能等级为300HV级、倒角型、不经表面处理的平垫圈：垫圈GB97.2—85 8 300HV Array1、尽可能不采用括号内规格。

2、m应大于零。

3、材料：65Mn标记示例：规格16mm,材料为65Mn，表面氧化的标准型弹簧垫圈：垫圈GB93-87 161. 在工作图中，轴槽深用t或(d-t)标注，毂槽深用(d+t1)标注。

2. 在除轴伸外保证传递所需转矩条件下，允许用较小剖面的键，但t和t1的数值必要时应重新计算，使键侧与轴槽及轮毂槽接触高度各为h/2。

3. 轴槽及轮毂对轴及轮毂轴线的对称度根据不同要求，一般可按GB1184-84中附表4对称度公差7～9级选用。

国标刀具规格一、通用刀具的规格（一）螺纹刀1、M1-M3螺纹刀：外径：M1=3.5mm；M2=4.5mm；M3=5.5mm；芯径：M1=2.5mm；M2=3.4mm；M3=4.4mm；锥角：55度；刃长：2到3毫米。

2、M4-M12螺纹刀：外径：M4=7mm；M5=8mm；M6=10mm；M7=11mm；M8=12mm；M9=14mm；M10=16mm；M11=18mm；M12=20mm；芯径：M4=4.8mm；M5=5.7mm；M6=7.6mm；M7=8.5mm；M8=9.5mm；M9=11.5mm；M10=13.5mm；M11=15.5mm；M12=17.5mm；锥角：55度；刃长：2到3毫米。

（二）穿孔刀1、M1-M3穿孔刀：外径：M1=3.5mm；M2=4.5mm；M3=5.5mm；芯径：M1=2.5mm；M2=3.4mm；M3=4.4mm；锥角：55度；刃长：2到3毫米。

2、M4-M12穿孔刀：外径：M4=7mm；M5=8mm；M6=10mm；M7=11mm；M8=12mm；M9=14mm；M10=16mm；M11=18mm；M12=20mm；芯径：M4=4.8mm；M5=5.7mm；M6=7.6mm；M7=8.5mm；M8=9.5mm；M9=11.5mm；M10=13.5mm；M11=15.5mm；M12=17.5mm；锥角：60度；刃长：2到3毫米。

（三）锯片1、滑锯片：180mm-200mm；锯刃宽度：2mm-3mm；厚度：0.5mm-0.7mm；夹紧孔直径：7mm。

2、链锯片：锯刃长度：50mm-60mm；锯刃宽度：2mm-3mm；厚度：0.5mm-0.7mm；夹紧孔直径：7mm。

（四）锯片安装座1、滑锯片：外径：14mm-20mm；内径：7mm；长度：40mm-50mm；厚度：6mm-8mm。

2、链锯片：外径：16mm-20mm；内径：7mm；长度：40mm-50mm；厚度：6mm-8mm。

高一上期错题集一、选择题（每题2分，共60分）1、下列是几种常见的单细胞生物结构示意图。

有关该组生物的叙述错误的是（）A．图中各细胞中都有两种核酸B．具有核膜、核仁的细胞是①②③C．②③④所代表的生物一定是异养生物D．③的摄食行为体现了细胞膜具有一定的流动性2、以下生物中都不含染色体的是（）A. 蘑菇、衣藻、蓝藻B. 大肠杆菌、念珠藻、酵母菌C. 发菜、乳酸杆菌、噬菌体D. 艾滋病毒、真菌、细菌3、下列健康人四种液体样本中，能与双缩脲试剂发生紫色颜色反应的是（）①尿液②胃液③汗液④唾液A．①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④4、下列关于生物大分子的结构和功能叙述正确的是（）A. 蛋白质是由多个氨基酸分子通过氢键相互连接而成的高分子化合物B. DNA是一切生物遗传信息的载体C. 酶是生物体产生的具有催化活性的生物大分子D. RNA通常只有一条链，它的碱基组成与DNA完全不同5、生物膜在结构和功能上具有一定的联系。

高尔基体具有极性，靠近细胞核的一面称为形成面，接近细胞膜的一面称为成熟面。

从形成面到成熟面，膜的厚度和化学成分发生逐渐改变，下列叙述正确的是（）A. 形成面似核膜，成熟面似内质网B. 形成面似内质网，成熟面似细胞膜C. 形成面似核膜，成熟面似细胞膜D. 形成面似内质网，成熟面似核膜6、将用3H标记的谷氨酸注入胰腺的腺泡细胞后，合成物质X并分泌到细胞外，如图，其中的①②及物质X分别是 ( )核糖体→①→②→细胞膜→细胞外A.内质网、线粒体、胰岛素B.内质网、高尔基体、胰蛋白酶C.高尔基体、内质网、胰蛋白酶D.内质网、高尔基体、呼吸酶7、经研究发现，动物的唾液腺细胞中高尔基体较多，其主要原因是（）A. 高尔基体可加工、运输蛋白质B．腺细胞合成大量的蛋白质C．腺细胞生命活动需要大量的能量D．高尔基体与细胞膜的主动运输有关8、研究人员分别对光合细菌和蛔虫进行各种分析，观察等实验，获得的结果如下表：你认为该研究人员的实验记录正确的是（）A.光合细菌 B．蛔虫 C．都正确 D．都不正确9、下列关于真核细胞生物膜的叙述正确的是（）A.生物膜的特定功能主要由膜蛋白决定B.构成膜的脂质主要是磷脂、脂肪和胆固醇C.有氧呼吸及光合作用均在膜上进行D.核糖体、内质网、高尔基体的膜部都参与蛋白质的合成与运输10、将新鲜的苔藓植物叶片，放入其中加有少量红墨水的质量浓度为0.3g/mL的蔗糖溶液中，在显微镜下观察，你会看到苔藓细胞的状态如下图所示。

专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷70(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write tPositive for Youth aims to place teenagers and young peopleat its heart. There is the accurate expectation teenagers themselves【M1】______have the responsibility to improve their local communities. The government pioneered the idea that young people are capable ofaccessing the quality of their local services. Another 【M2】______government-funding scheme created by the NCB, this time with【M3】______the British Youth Council and disabled children’s charity KIDS, isYoung Inspectors, which train some of the most disadvantaged【M4】______young people from poorer communities to inspect and report onlocal services. The Young Inspectors scheme, so far, helped change【M5】______the lives of more than 1,400 young people and improved more than 600 local services. It is the illegal requirement across public services to listen to【M6】______ the views of service users. There is a business case for commercial suppliers to listen to consumers. Teenagers use many public services such as police stations, clinics, clubs and libraries; andalso spend as many as ￡12bn in shopping and travel up to age 19【M7】______via the commercial sector. They want to see services improved, not just for themselves but for their families and neighbours too.Involving young people as Young Inspectors makes a business【M8】______sense, and is a means of developing young people’s self-esteem, their ability to analyse and communicate, and many other skillsthat are critical to employers. At the NCB we are pleased with Positive For Youth’s holisticapproach to give young people more opportunities and better【M9】______support, and we will be eagerly watching to see what the policies【M10】______take shape.1．【M1】正确答案：∧teenagers—that解析：语法错误。

外研版九年级上册M1-M7单项选择题练习M11.Icould______workouttheproblematthemoment,butaloudnoisebrokemythought.A.reallyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.clearly2.Thereshouldbeanenvelope______thefridge.A.ontopofB.ontopC.atthetopD.inthetopof3.Theclimbersstopped300metres______thetopofthemountain.A.underB.overC.belowD.on4.—OfthethreeTVprograms,whichonedoyouthinkis______?—IthinkABiteofChinais.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinteresting5.Thebird’ssingingcameintoourroom______thewindowandwokemeupintheearlymorning.A.downB.fromC.throughD.across6.Hurryup!Everybody______foryou.A.waitedB.waitsC.iswaitingD.willwait7.Thereare______studentsintheiruniversitynow.A.thousandofB.thousandsofC.thousandsD.twothousandsof8.______wefelttired,______wefelthappy.A.Though;butB.If;butC.Though;/9.Hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday______acold.A.becauseB.becauseofC.ifD.so10.—______canyoufinishthereportonfoodsafety?—Intwodays.A.HowfarB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.HowsoonM21.--It’stoolate.Ihavetogonow.--Oh,it’srainingoutside.Don’tleave_____itstops.A.sinceB.untilC.while2.Atruefriendcanseethepaininyoureyes_____everyonealsobelievesthesmileonyourface.A.whileB.becauseC.beforeD.until3.MoYan’sbooks_____intomanykindsoflanguagesafterhewonthe NobelPrize.A.istranslatedB.translatedC.weretranslatedD.willtranslate4.Ifeelmystomachterrible.IthinkIate_____atlunchtime.A.somethingbadB.somethinggoodC.hadsomethingD.goodsomething5.---WhereisClass______?----It’sonthe______floor.A.Six,thirdB.Sixth,thirdC.Six;threeD.Sixth;three6.She’sbeenaworkerhereformanyyears,________?A.isn’tsheB.issheC.hasn’tsheD.hasshe7.Myunclewasbusy.Heonly_____twodays_____lastmonth.A.timeonB.hadoffC.hasfromD.takerest8.Yourcomputerdoesn’twork.Isthere______withit?A.wrongsomethingB.everythingwrongC.wronganythingD.anythingwrong9.The_____childcanspeakEnglishverywell.A.fiveyearsoldB.fiveyearoldC.fiveyear’soldD.five-year-old10.He_____writestome.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes11.Youknow,computersbringstroubles______A.alsoB.neitherC.eitherD.aswell12.MissLiuhastaughtEnglish|______shecamehere.A.sinceB.asC.whenD.for13.LinlinoftenpracticesEnglish______chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with14.______thegreatteacherZhangliliwasinhospital,manypeoplehopedshewouldgetbettersoon.A.IfB.UntilC.BeforeD.After15.Theknewkindofcaris_____dear,andIdon’thave_____money.A.toomuchmuchtooB.muchtootoomuchC.toomuchtoomuchD.muchtoomuchtoo16.—Hey,man.Youcan’tcrossthestreetnow.Youhavetowait____thetrafficlightsturngreen.---Oh,sorryandthankyou.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.while17.Youdon’twanttovisitanyothermountainifyouhaveseenwuyue,youwon’twishtoseeevenwuyue_____returningfromMountHuan gshan.A.aboutB.beforeC.sinceD.after18.Bobis_____studentinhisclass.A.youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyoungest19.Mymotherusuallygoesoutforawalkaftershefinishes_____thedishes.A.doB.doneC.todoD.doing20.Annoftenhelpsme_____mathafterschool.A.forB.withC.onD.by21.---Areyousurethathe_____?---Ofcourse.Don’tworry.I’llletyouknowassoonashe______.A.willcome;comeses;willcomeC.willcome;willcomees;comes22.—I’mafraidthatIcan’tdoit.--Oh,youshouldbelieveinyourself.Youwon'tknowwhatyoucando____youtryit.A.ifB.becauseC.untilD.while23.—Ringmeup____yoiucometomyhouse,willyou?--Sure,Iwill.A.thoughB.WhileC.beforeD.until24.I’mn otsurewhetherIcanholdapartyintheopenair,becauseit____theweather.A.standsforB.dependsonC.livesonD.agreeswith25.—Didyousleepwelllastnight?--Oh,oh._____noiseoutsidethehotelalmostdrovememad.A.ToomuchB.MuchtooC.ToomanyD.SomanyM3选择题1．--It’stoohardformetobea trailwalker(毅行者)。

IE每日一文(第35章基本动作)一. 基本动作说明１）移动动作从手指到肩由于动作距离逐步加长，因此时间值也依次增加。

如表3-7所示。

a. M1“手指”动作这是到手指根为止的移动动作，每进行一次，需要１人模数。

例如，以食指挠额头５次，如果只动手指，那幺就是M1的动作，手指来（挠）５次，回５次，合计为９MOD。

表3-7 移动动作分类符号说明MOD(MO‧S)有节奏的手指动作0.5M1用指动作（约～４cm）1M2用手腕动作（约５～10cm）2M3用前臂动作（约11~25cm）3M4用上臂动作（约26~45cm）4M5用肩动作（约46~60cm）5(M7)上体弯曲动作7 L1每增加４kg12)M2“手腕”动作这是以手腕开始的手指头的移动动作，手腕位置不动，而只是转动。

这种动作每进行一次需要２个MOD. 例如，使手腕动，在纸上用铅笔划一条长5~7.5 cm的线条。

3)M3“前臂”动作这是胳膊肘前的移动，但肘不能动，每进行一次需３MOD。

例如，在纸上用铅笔划出长度１５厘米的线条。

４）M4“上臂”动作这是以肩为轴心手的移动动作。

这是常见的上肢动作，动作范围比较广，每进行一次需４MOD。

５）M5“肩”动作这是包括使用肩肌肉在内的、伸出手臂的动作。

这动作表现充分伸出手臂，但不能有身体的辅助动作，每次需５MOD。

例如，伸手够高架上的物体。

６）M7“上身弯曲”动作这是手要伸得很长并有身体的辅助动作，取7MOD。

７）使用工具的反复动作对于使用锉刀锉东西，鎯头砸东西或拉锯等这类快速、上下或前后的反复动作，不要给以过高值。

只使用工具时可采用如下值：手腕以前的反复动作 １MOD(单程)胳臂肘以前的反复动作 ２MOD(单程)肩以下的反复动作 ３MOD(单程)总之，要比普通的移动动作的时间值要少１个MOD。

对于如用橡皮擦掉字时的手指来回多次反复动作，每个单程可给0.5MOD,表示为M0.5。

８）L1重量因子搬运物体时，根据物体的轻重，在时间值上要加以区别。

五年级上册英语M1—M7模块重点一、M odule 1 过去式重点短语：come back 回来last Sunday 上星期天wait for 等待live in 居住come with us 和我们一起lots of 许多come from 来自…hurry up 快点how much 多少钱重点句子：1.—When did you come back? —I came back….2.—Do you live in …? —Yes,I live …./ No,I come from….3.—Did you buy ice creams?—Yes,I did. / No, I didn’t.(注意人称的变化)二、M odule 2 可数名词与不可数名词分类及提问重点短语：go to the supermarket 去超市shopping list 购物单half a kilo 一斤半how much / how many 多少here you are 给你What’s next? 下一个是什么？all right 好的What about…? …怎么样？make a list 制作单子重点句子：—How many+可数名词+do you want ? —Six, please.（灵活变换）—How much+不可数名词+ do you want ? —One kilo.—Do you like…? —Yes,I like. / No, I don’t .三、M odule 3 特殊疑问词的用法重点：特殊疑问词：What When Where Who Whose How Why（1）What 表示什么，做了什么（2）When 表示时间，什么时候（3）Where 表示在哪里，问地点（4）Who 表示谁( 回答用He is... She is... They are...等)（5）Whose 表示谁的（6）Why：为什么(问原因,回答用Because)（7）How表示1.交通2…怎样？ 3.你多大了？ 4.多少？重点句子：1. —What did you do at the weekend?—We visited lots of places.等2.—.Where did you go ? —We went to the park.3.I don’t understand.四、Module 4 名词性、形容词性物主代词重点短语：Don’t argue 不要吵架take photos 照相on the line 在绳子上What’s the matter?怎么了？重点句子：1.—Whose bag is this? —It’s mine./ yours/ xx’s.2.—Is this Lingling’s bag? —Yes，It’s hers./No,It’s mine.3.—Is this your bag? —No,It’s Amy’s./Yes. It’s mine.4.It isn’t yours,It’s mine.五、Module 5 There be 句型重点短语：give out 分发give sth to sb把某物给某人be careful 小心put in 把…放在里面put on 把…放在上边too many 太多much too 太多in the bag 在包里on the desk 在桌子上重点句子：1.There is a desk in the classroom.2.There are seven girls in the classroom.(注意单复数be动词的变化)3. There are too many apples in the bag.六、Module 6重点短语：catch the ball 接球control the ball 控球jump high 跳得高run fast跑得快be good at…擅长not…at all 根本不会，一点也不重点句子：1.—Can you run fast? —Yes,I can. / No ,I can’t.2.I can play football well / very well / badly / very badly.3.You can be a good goalkepper.七、Module 7重点短语：Here’s your …这是你的…sit down 坐下can’t find 找不到重点句子：1.Dog’s are very useful.2.There’s a programme about ….3.This old man can’t sit down.A young girl helps him.（灵活变换）。