直接引语和间接引语
直接引语就是直接引用别人的话。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语多为宾语从句。
1. 直接引语变间接引语的方法
(1) 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。(that可省略)
She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”
→She said (that) their bus would arrive in five minutes.
(2) 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由
whether或if引导的宾语从句。(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）
He said, “Can you swim, John”
→ He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework, haven’t you” my mother asked.
→ My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
He asked, “Do you go to school by bus or by bike”
→ He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
She says, “Is Tom an Englishman”
→ She asks whether/if Tom is an Englishman.
注：主句引述动词是say时，要改为ask或wonder等。
(3) 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语
从句。（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）
She asked me, “When do they have their dinner”
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
(4) 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell/ask/order sb.(not) to do sth.”
句型。
“Don’t make any noise,” she said to the children.
→ She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
“Bring me a cup of tea, please,” she said.
→ She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
2. 直接引语变间接引语的基本要领
人称代词和物主代词的变化、时态的变化、指示代词、动词的变化及时间、地点状语的变化等。
(1)人称的变化
一般地，直接引语的第一人称随主句中的主语而改变；第二人称随主句的宾语
而改变；第三人称不用改变，可简单记为“一主二宾三不变”。
She said. “My brother wants to go with me.”
→ She said her brother wanted to go with her.
He said to Kate，"How is your sister now"
→ He asked Kate how her siste r was then.
Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”
→ Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
(2)时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。
①当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时态时，间接引语可按需要使用任何时态。
She says,“I will go to Beijing next month”
→ She says she will go to Beijing the next month.
He will say,“The boy was lazy.”
→ He will say the boy was lazy.
②当主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都改成过去的一种时态，其变化见下
→ He said he was sorry.
Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”
→ Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.
③当主句为过去时态时，间接引语为转述客观真理或是表示引述的状态和情
况到现在仍然是事实时，经常用一般现在时。
He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”
→ He said light travels much faster than sound.
”
→ The teacher asked him if/whether he had come to school the day before.
He said, “I like this book”
→ He said that he liked that book.
直接引语变间接引语专项练习
把下列句子变为间接引语。
1．She said: “He will be busy.”
2．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
3．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
4．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
5．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.
6．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
7．I said to him, “I have finished it.”
8．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
9．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.
10．“Will you go to the concert with me this evenin g” Mary asked me.
11．She said to Tom, “Can you help me”
12．She asked, “Is this book yours or his”
