环境学概论—陈英旭

1.1 What is EnviБайду номын сангаасonmental Science?
Environmental effects
Air: atmospheric emissions are dispersed and chemically converted Water: discharges are dispersed down a concentration gradient Land: contaminated land can present particularly intractable problems
环境学概论 Introduction to Environmental Science
浙江大学环境与资源学院
2009.2.17—2009.4.20 紫金港西2-105 www.eszju.cn
THE COURSE GROUP
Core Faculty
Yingxu Chen(陈英旭） Prof.
yxchen@zju.edu.cn Jianying Zhang（张建英）A/ Prof. zjy@zju.edu.cn Xinhua xu (徐新华) Prof. xhxu@hzcnc.com Qi Lin （林 琦） A/ Prof. Linqi@zju.edu.cn
Environmental Problems The Field of Environmental Science
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
Global environmental system
Atmosphere
Biosphere
MAN
Hydrosphere
环境与人
自然环境 演变规律 人类活动的 生态环境效应
自然－人－环境 复合生态系统 可持续发展
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
●
环境科学的研究层次
环境科学的研究分成两个层次 宏观 研究人和环境相互作用的规律，揭示社 会 、经济和环境协调发展的基本规律。 微观 研究环境中的物质，尤其是人类活动 产 生的污染物，及其在环境中的产生、迁移、转 变、积累、归宿等环境行为与生态效应。
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
Environmental science
Environmental science is a problem-oriented, multidisciplinary field that attempts to assess environmental problems scientifically. The nature of environmental systems and the methods used to learn more about them are introduced. The interrelations between land uses and geomorphology, soils, climate, plant communities, wetlands, rivers and estuaries are examined from an integrated, problemsolving perspective.
Environmental Science.
9th edition. (影印本) 清华大学出版社,2004. 3.Daniel D.Chiras. Environmental Science. 4th edition . The Benjamin/Cummings publishing company
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
环境科学的科学涵义
环境科学是研究人和环境间关系的学 科。 主体是人，客体是与之相对的是围绕着 人的生存环境，包括自然界的大气圈、水 圈、岩石圈、生物圈。 什么是环境科学 ?
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
Soci ol ogy
lit Po i cs
1.1 What is Environmental Science? 社会科学 环境工程 环境科学 环境社会科学
人类 人口与 经济活动
资源利用 消 费 排 放 治理 修复
污染转移 与转化
物理 化学 生物 等 变化
环境 变化 价值观
经济 文化 等 价值
政治 过程
第一讲
绪 论
Environmental Science
Environmental Problems The Field of Environmental Science
History of Environmental Science
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
OBJECTIVES
To offer a significant fraction of the professional environmental engineering and science knowledge To enhance the student’s study skills For students with a wide variety of career goals
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
AIM… ?
Global Level Regional Level Local Level
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
rt Ea
es nc ie sc h
ul t ur e A gr i c
张建英 张建英
张建英
张建英
张建英 张建英 张建英 张建英
参考书
1.Eldon D.Enger, Bradley F.Smith.
Environmental Science.
10th edition. (影印本) 清华大学出版社,2007
2.Eldon D.Enger, Bradley F.Smith.
参考书
4.刘培桐. 环境学概论.高等教育出版社，1994. 5.何强. 环境学导论. 清华大学出版社，1994. 6.林肇信，刘天齐，刘逸农. 环境保护概论. 高等教育出版社，1999. 7.唐孝炎，钱易. 环境保护和可持续发展. 高等教育出版社，2000.
Evaluation
Grades for the class will be based on the following:
Geosphere
水污染 水资源短缺
大气污染 有害固体废弃物 食品短缺 与污染
人类活动
矿产资源衰退 土地破坏 农药污染 物种濒危 土攘污染
1.1 What is Environmental Science?
主要环境问题 Major environmental issues
人口增长 Population growth 生物多样性锐减 Biodiversity Depletion 物种濒危 Species extinction 森林退减 Deforestation 湿地破坏 Destruction of wetlands 食品供应问题 Food Supply Problems 沙漠化 Desertification 土壤侵蚀 Soil erosion 水污染 农田盐渍化 Salinization of farmland soils Water Pollution 耕地保护 Farmland conversion 地下水退化 Groundwater depletion 空气污染 石油供应衰退 Declining oil supplies Air Pollution 矿物资源衰减 Declining mineral supplies 地表水短缺 Surface water shortages 固体废弃物 全球变暖 Global warming Waste Production 酸沉降 Acid deposition 臭氧破坏 Ozone deletion
于阅读
Preparing for tests 积极备考 Taking test 考出水平
研究型学习
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CAREERS Potential Government Employers Potential Non-Government Employers Scientist Engineer Manager
C hemi s try
Ph ys i cs
Co mp ut e rs
i om on Ec cs
Phi l osophy
Environmental Environmental sci ence Science
Et hi cs
En gi n eeri n g
B
L aw
gy lo io
Ps yc ho l og y
1.2 HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Cultural Changes and The Environment agricultural revolution Gradual shift from small, mobile hunting and gathering bands to settled agricultural communities in which people survived by learning how to breed and raise wild animals and to cultivate wild plants near where they lived. It began 10,000-12,000 years ago.
Assignments Final exam 20% 80%
Study Skills 学习方法 Improving your memory 改善记忆 Becoming a better note taker 作好笔记 How to get the most out of what you read 善
备注：上课地点-紫金港西2-105
环境问题与历史 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND HISTORY 环境学基础原理 INTERRELATED SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES 水污染及其控制技术 WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL TECHNOGIES 大气污染及其控制技术 AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL TECHNOGIES 土壤与土壤污染修复 SOIL AND POLLUTION REMEDIATION 固体废弃物与资源回收 SOLID WASTE AND RESOURCE RECOVERY 环境风险与决策分析 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DECISION ANALYSIS 环境与可持续发展 ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
介绍环境学的基本理论体系、与相关学科的交叉 与应用、环境学科的内涵充实与外延拓展，使学生 建立起比较完整的环境知识体系，培养环境工作者 应有的积极的环境系统观念，发展环境科学研究的 基本技能。
教学日历
时间 内 容 授课教师
第一周 2009.2.17 第二周 2009.2.24 周二 第6-8节 13:1515:40 13:1514:00 14:0514:50 14:5515:40 第三周 2009.3.03 第四周 2009.3.10 第五周 2009.3.17 第六周 2009.3.24 第七周 2009.3.31 第八周 2009.4.07
1.2 HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
环境科学产生与发展
Aristotle( 384-322B.C.) First to record observations about the natural history of the earth’s plants & animals Teleological view of the world, i.e. design or purpose 18th Century: Isaac Newton(1642-1727) 19th Century: Charles Darwin(1809-1882) 20th Century: A.G.Tansley(1871—1955)