Positioning
• beach-chair position
– the shoulder can be freely manipulated throughout the procedure
• lateral decubitus position
– excellent visualization
• >age 40 years:present more commonly with rotator cuff, impingement, inflammatory, or degenerative joint disease types of symptoms
年龄越大,不稳越少见
history
• Was it a traumatic, nontraumatic, or overuse injury?
Labrum:“bumper”:deepen and enlarge the glenoid fossa biceps tendon :is anchored at the superior labrum,a
humeral head depressor
Joint capsule glenohumeral ligaments
imaging
• Plain radiographs • Magnetic resonance imaging
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
• Degenerative arthritis • Labral tear • Biceps tendon pathology • Adhesive capsulitis • Rotator cuff tear • Impingement • Instability • Acromioclavicular joint injury or arthritis • Scapulothoracic dysfunction • Cervical or neurologic