状语从句两横三横的词

初三英语每日一练———raise和rise的区分【考点分析】raise和rise可以从含义上区分，但是因为2个单词的含义较多，且比较灵活，同时考试的时候通常会和其他知识点结合考查，比如时态语态、从句、固定搭配和动词辨析等，所以考试中非常易错。

其实raise和rise也可以从词性上区分，实际上也就是及物动词和不及物动词的区分。

【典型例题】1.I ______ my voice and said the sun ______ in the east. (山东9A期末模拟)A.raise, raiseB.raised, roseC.rise, riseD.raised, rises【易错点】1.难以从正确快速区分raise和rise2.与其他动词辨析时，易混淆3.结合时态语态考查时，易混淆【解题方法】1）观察选项，判断考点：考查raise和rise的辨析并与时态结合考查。

raise和rise的区分可总结表格如下：辨析词性过去式-过去分词用法含义常见搭配raise vt. 有被动raised-raised 一般用于表示人为的上升；主语通常为：人。

举起；提出；募集；养育…sb raise one’s handsb raise a questionsb raise moneysb raise a family总结：sb raise sthrise vi.无被动rose-risen 一般用于表示主语自身移动至较高的位置；主语通常为：日月云、烟雾汽、河水、温度和价格。

上升；上涨；升高；增强…the sun risesa river risesone's voice risesthe wind rises总结：sth rise2）看关键词，辨析raise和rise：根据表格可知，raise后搭配名词而rise后不搭配名词。

第一空横线后关键词：my voice是名词，所以用raise，排除C；第二空横线后关键词：in the east不是名词，所以用rise，排除A。

高考英语相似词语辨析across，cross这两个词差不多上表示“横越”、“渡过”之意，在拼写上仅差一字之微，故专门易混淆。

它们的区别在于词性和使用场合有所不同。

ac ross是介词；cross是动词。

下面请看例句：My house is across the harbour，in the vicinity of the Kowloon Park．我的家在海港的对岸，九龙公园邻近。

They live across the Central Plaza．他们住在中央广场的对面。

Everyone shouts“kill it！”when a rat is seen to run across the street．老鼠过街，人人喊打。

He has crossed the border into another territory．他已越过边界进入别国的领土。

Many steel arch bridges cross the Mississippi in its lower reache s．在密西西比河的下游许多拱形铁侨横跨河面。

They have crossed over to Japan．他们已东渡去日本了。

coss除作动词外，亦可作名词。

作名词时，有较强的构词能力，它所构成的词的某些词义和用法是值得注意的。

例如crossroad是“交叉路”或“横马路”，而crossroads却是“十字路”或“十字路口”，它的前面能够用a，但-s不能丢掉。

如：The accident took place at a crossroads．车祸发生在十字路口。

They drive across the plain by way of a crossroad leading to the highway．他们沿着一条通往公路的交叉路驾车横过平原。

cross-reference是“前后参照”、“互见条目”的意思，专指同一书刊中前后互相参阅的说明。

高三状语从句复习简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子.句子的分类并列句: 主谓结构+ 连词(and, but, so, or……) +主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构)复合句: 引导词+主谓结构, 主谓结构(从句) (主句)主语从句宾语从句名词性从句表语从句同位语从句复合句定语从句状语从句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1) When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.2) The letter says that they are leaving on Friday.3)That’s what they should do.4) We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.5) This is the very dictionary that I am looking for.6) As time went on, Einstein’s theory prove d to be correct.状语从句的概念及分类：在主、从复合句中修饰主句或主句中动词的句子叫状语从句。

从句的引导词有时间状语从句when, while, as, after, before, till / until , since，as soon as, the moment /minute, immediately,directly, the first time , every / each time, by the time…原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now (that),when, seeing that, considering that条件状语从句if, unless, supposing, suppose, provided, providing，as (so) long as,on condition that, only if, once状语从句让步状语从句while, although, though, as,even though / if…, no matter+ 疑问词, 疑问词+ever目的状语从句so that, in order that, in case, for fear that..结果状语从句so that, so.. that.., such… that…地点状语从句where, wherever比较状语从句as…as…; not so…as…; …than…方式状语从句as if / though, (just)as用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things.2. The more I can do for the class, the happier I’ll be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5.I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I won't trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. I’ll never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm..13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan is.17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.一、时间状语从句问题1:1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started.A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whileD. when3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until4. (05福建) －Did Jack come back early last night?－Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.A. BeforeB. whenC. thatD. until5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. while注意同一个从属连词的多义性连接词when的用法小结1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。

初中英语介词用法归纳整理初中英语介词的用法有很多，知识点也不少，想要学好初中英语介词的话，最好整理好初中英语介词知识点。

以下是店铺分享给大家的初中英语介词用法归纳，希望可以帮到你!初中英语介词用法归纳表示时间的介词at：用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。

on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用onin:用于表示周，月，季节，年，泛指上午，下午，晚上before:在...之前after:在...之后by:在....前(时间)截止(到)...until(till)：直到.....为止for：达...之久(表示过了多少时间)during：在....期间through：一直..(从开始到结束)from：从...起(时间)since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)in：过...后(未来时间)within：不超过...的范围表示场所，方向的介词at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)on:在...上面，有接触面above：在...上方over：在...正上方，是under的反义词under：在..下面，在...之内below :在...下方(不一定是正下方)near：近的，不远的by:在...的旁边，比near的距离要近between：在两者之间among：在三者或者更多的之中around：环绕，在...的周围，在....的四周in front of:在...的前面behind：在...后边in：在..之内，用于表示静止的位置into：进入out of :和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向along：沿着across：横过(平面物体)through：贯通，通过to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向for：表示目的，为了.....from：从...地点起其他介词with：和..在一起; 具有，带有; 用某种工具或方法in：表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。

语法复习六：状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句⼦中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句⼦，它可以⽤来表⽰时间、地点、原因、⽬的、结果、条件、⽅式、⽐较、让步等。

状语从句是⼀较⼤的语法项⽬，也是近⼏年⾼考题中常见的⼀个重要试点。

⾼考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、⽬的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后⾼考热点，应作充分准备。

同时对⽅式状语从句也应引起重视。

（⼀）时间状语从句表⽰时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。

e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（⼆）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表⽰原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常⽤的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表⽰因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语⽓不如because强。

e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。

一、选择题1．She is one of the few girls who ________ passed the examination.A．was B．were C．has D．have D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：她是少数几个通过考试的女孩之一。

考查主谓一致。

根据句意可知，这是一个含有定语从句的句子并且时态是现在完成时。

关系代词who指代的是前面的few girls，是复数，故助动词用have。

故选D。

2．—What's on the plate?—There some bread on it.A．is B．are C．has D．have A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：——盘子上有什么？——有一些面包在上面。

考查There be句型及主谓一致。

is第三人称单数形式；are第二人称单数、第一、三人称复数形式；has第三人称单数形式；have动词原形。

此句是There be句型，并且bread为不可数名词，因此be动词用is。

故选A。

3．Here ______ a pair of ______. You can use them.A．are; scissors B．is; scissors C．are; scissors D．is; scissor B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：这儿有一把剪刀。

你可以使用。

考查主谓一致及可数名词复数。

以Here开头的倒装句，主语是空后的“a pair of ___”，系动词的形式与“a pair”保持一致，用第三人称单数形式is；scissors作“剪刀”讲时只以复数形式出现，用a pair of scissors表示“一把剪刀”。

故选B。

4．______ Lucy ______ her mother know my address.A．Not; but B．Both; and C．Either; or D．Not only; but also B 解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：Lucy和她的妈妈都知道我的地址。

从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句（包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）. 主语从句用作主语,如：：That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.宾语从句用作宾语.如：Do you know where he lives表语从句用作表语,如：My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往. 同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如：The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.（that从句用于解释说明the fact）定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如：The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John. 状语从句相当于一个副词,如：When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.（时间状语）If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.（if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为：if +状语从句,＋主句）.要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如：I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.英语中8种从句介绍1定语从句2时间状语从句3地点状语从句4条件状语从句5同位语从句6表语从句7宾语从句8主语从句名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）.名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思.但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代：引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句.That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气.宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他.同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴.2）That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事一、什么是英语从句要回答这个问题,先要弄清楚两个小问题：1、什么叫英语的句子一般情况下,英语句子中必定有一个主语和谓语,或者说,有主语和谓语组成的句子就是句子.例如：Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school.Many trees were planted last spring.2、英语句子的成份英语的句子中,不仅只有主语和谓语,还有其它的句子成份,其中最主要的成份有：主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语等.这几种成份在句子的位置大致是：(状语) + (定语)主语(定语) + (状语)谓语(状语) + (定语)宾语(宾语补足语) + (状语)也就是,定语一般位于主语和宾语的前后；状语一般位于谓语的前后；及物动词后一般接宾语和宾语补足语.有一点请注意：英语句子中状语的位置非常灵活,它在句首、句中、句末都可以.3、什么是英语的从句在明白了英语句子的成份之后,再来讨论英语从句就比较简单了.因为,什么叫从句呢就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组,而是一个句子,那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句.如果定语是一个句子,它就叫定语从句；如果宾语是一个句子,它就是宾语从句.依此类推.例如：The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ] are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句)We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where 引导的句子也是定语从句)He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句,方括号由that引导的是宾语从句；在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句.)因此,对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说,它就可能存在几个句子,即主句和担任各种成份的从句.从这个角度看,也可以说从句是句子中的句子.二、定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.关系副词有：when, where, why等. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.1）when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗2）that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why 和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.内容提要定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句.名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型.一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which 之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如:He is a teacher who teach our English.在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词.再说下它的用法：1、先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whichplanted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whichstill remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.'ll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm. 4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如:is the boy whose mother died a month ago.is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.二、物殊情况：尽管有以上基本原则,但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况；Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词,如anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all, these ,those等时,用who而不用thatThose who break the rule are pulished.Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人,引导词只用That,如: is the person that is standing at the gateof you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,This is the best composition that has been written in English.2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时I’ve read all the books that you gave me.4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.5、有两个以上先行词,分别表示人或物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.6、先行词为基数时Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water.Ⅳ.time为先行词时,前边如有序数词修饰时,定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用,如没序数词修饰时,用when或that均可is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whichplanted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whichstill remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.'ll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm. 4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如:is the boy whose mother died a month ago.is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.。

上海高中英语：语法填空解题思路与语法框架梳理1. 冠词a/an/the1.1 考频：0-11.2 识别：横线在名词前面（名词前无限定词——冠词/形容词性物主代词/数词）2. 代词2.1 考频：12.2 识别：（能填名词，就考代词）横线在动词先后、介词后2.3 考法人称代词：he / I / you ...物主代词：my / mine / our / ours ...相互代词：each other / one another （两空代词）指示代词：that / those / it ...反身代词：oneself不定代词：something / nobody / one / ones / others / the other / all / both / some / none / neither ....【代词优先考虑oneself等反身代词和something/nobody等不定代词】3. 介词3.1 考频：13.2 识别：① 动词/形容词后① 名词前后3.3 考法：① 考搭配（自己积累）① 考逻辑➢前后相对/相反：despite = in spite of 尽管有/ without 没有/ against 对抗、映衬e.g. _____ the severe virus↓, he went to his girlfriends’ houses↑.（despite/without都行）➢前后时间关系：before / after➢前后是因果关系：due to / thanks to多亏了/ as a result of 因为➢前后是举例逻辑：like / unlike / such as➢前后对等：as 作为➢后面有多个对象：between / amonge.g. between A and B / among A, B, and C / between each layer（层）4. 动词4.1 考频：4-5谓语动词：1-3（主被动都会考到、时态往往不一样）非谓语动词：2-3（doing / done / to do）4.2 识别：____ (do)4.3 考法：① 谓语动词关注3样东西：时态，语态（主被动），主谓一致（单复数）语态（主被动）→ 根据含义、根据语法-及物动词必须后面直接跟名词才能主动，否则被动.He kissed a pig.√He kidssed.×→He ____ (kiss) in the morning on the tree. 被动-不及物动词，没被动.主谓一致（单复数）→ 找到主语是什么① 非谓语答案之表非谓语作名词的常见结构：看到“___ (do) ... 谓语| 介词___ (do) | one’s ___ (do) ”→ 就填：doing / being done(非谓语的固定用法，自己积累)5. 情态动词5.1考频：0-15.2识别：横线在动词原形前5.3考点：① 能填什么：should / must / can / could / may / might / have to类/ ought to① 常考：can be有时会might as well do不妨做may well be很可能是may well do完全可以做e.g Boys’ behavior can be hard to understand. （肯定语气，有时发生）6. 形容词/副词6.1 考频：16.3 考点：四种变化：more / less / most / least / 不变7. 定语从句7.1 考频：17.2 识别：名词后面优先考虑定从① 没有逗号，名词后面优先考虑定从。

关于after的用法有哪些关于after的用法1.after作连词使用时，连接两个从句。

语法结构为“B happened afterA happenen"或”AfterA happened,B happened.",它们含义一样，都是指“A事件首先发生”，一定要注意第二个结构中的“,"。

I went to America after I left school.After I left school,I went to America.我离开学校后，我去了美国。

He did military service after he went to university.(=He went to university first.)我上完大学后，我去参军了。

After he did military service,he went to university.(=He did military service first.)我参军完后，我去上了大学。

2.after用作连词，引导状语从句时通常用现在时表示将来的含义。

如： I'll telephone you after I arrive.(NOT...after I will arrive.) 我到达后将打电话给你。

3.after引导的从句，我们习惯用完成时态。

一般用现在完成时(have+过去式)代替现在时，用过去完成时(had+过去式)代替过去时。

I‘ll telephone you after I've arrived我到了后打电话给你。

After I had left school,I went to America.我离开学校后，我去了美国。

【注】在状语从句中，用完成时态和用其他时态并没用很大区别，只是我们习惯用完成时态强调”某件事情在另外一件事情开始时已经完成”。

4.在正式用语中，我们也常用“after+V-ing"结构。