霍桑Nathaniel-Hawthorne

霍桑的英文简介霍桑的英文简介Nathaniel Hawthorne From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne in the 1860sBornJuly 4, 1804(1804-07-04) Salem, Massachusetts, United StatesDiedMay 19,1864 (aged 59) Plymouth霍桑简介, New Hampshire, United StatesOccupationNovelist, Short story writer, Custom House worker, United States ConsulLiterary movementDark Romantici *** Nathaniel Hawthorne (born Nathaniel Hathorne; July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer。

Nathaniel Hathorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne。

He later changed his name to "Hawthorne", adding a "w" to dissociate from relatives including John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials。

纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）的《通天铁路》这篇附加的小故事是纳撒尼尔•霍桑于1852年在一本名为《雪景和其他故事新编》中发表的。

霍桑，19世纪最伟大的美国作家，以一部经典的英语散文集约翰.班扬John Bunyan 的《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress中的一篇的形式写了《通天铁路》。

约翰.班扬（1628－1688）是一名英国清教徒传教士和作家。

他写了《天路历程》中大部分的文章，但因为在清教徒革命和奥利弗.克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）统治结束后随之而来的斯图亚特王朝的复辟时期拒绝使自己顺应官方的英国国教而被投入监狱。

《天路历程》是一部精心制作的宗教寓言。

在寓言中，主角，基督徒，抛弃了他在毁灭之城的生活开始了一段漫长、艰辛的旅途，决心到达天国之城。

他徒步旅行，肩上背负着重担（象征着原罪）。

他穿越了失望沼泽，经由柴门逃离了毁灭之城，经受了许多偏离通往天国之城的正确路线、动摇他信念的诱惑。

陪伴着基督徒的旅途，一位老于世故的先生试图劝阻他，而且由于福音传道者和广心先生的严厉干预，他数次获得了拯救。

他们指引迷茫的基督徒回到通往天国城的道路。

他克服了山峰高耸的困难挑战，用手中的剑打败了残暴的亚玻伦（Apollyon）（精神怀疑的恶魔），穿越了死亡阴影的峡谷，然后在空虚之城停留了一段时间。

在那里基督徒参观了集市和空虚集市的商业中心（以17世纪英格兰的大型夏季商业集市为模型），而那里也有一个同伴。

信徒，见证了一个殉教者的结局。

最终，基督徒成功地避开了托非特（地狱）之火，到达了以色列的土地。

在他渡过死亡河，然后进入天国城之前，这是一个令人愉快的休憩之地。

霍桑的叙事形式代表了一种更新的19世纪中期受班扬影响的美国视角和流行故事。

通天铁路The Celestial Railroad不久前，穿过梦幻的大门，我访问了世界驰名的“灭亡城”所在地，得知最近，一些热心公益的居民出力，在这座人口稠密兴旺发达的城市与“天城”之间，修筑了一条铁路，遂兴致大发。

善与美书简
《善与美》是纳撒尼尔·霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）创作的一部小说，讲述了一个关于道德和爱情的故事。

这部小说首次出版于1850年，被认为是美国文学史上的经典之一，也是霍桑最知名的作品之一。

故事以17世纪新英格兰为背景，主要讲述了一个叫赫斯克尔（Hester Prynne）的女子因通奸而怀孕，被迫在公众面前受到羞辱，并被判戴上一顶刺绣有“A”字母的罪犯帽子。

这个红色的字母"A"成为了她生活的标记，引发了整个社区的轰动和议论。

故事探讨了罪恶、赎罪、道德、宽恕和爱的主题，以及人性的复杂性和社会的偏见。

《善与美》通过细腻的描写、深刻的人物塑造和对道德问题的探讨，展现了霍桑卓越的文学才华。

这部小说不仅在当时引起了广泛的争议和关注，也为后世的文学作品和艺术创作提供了深远的影响。

霍桑百科名片纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家、美国文学史上第一个写作短篇小说的作家，也是美国文学浪漫主义文学中的心理分析小说的开创者。

爱伦·坡称他的小说“属于艺术的最高层次，一种服从于非常崇高级别的天才的艺术。

”另外霍桑是中国侦探小说家程小青笔下的一个侦探。

中文名： 纳撒尼尔·霍桑 外文名： Nathaniel·Hawthorne国籍： 美国出生日期： 1804年7月4日逝世日期： 1864年5月19日职业： 学者、小说家主要成就： 浪漫主义作家 代表作品： 长篇小说《红字》;《带有七个尖角楼的房子》目录[隐藏] 人物简介 人物生平 职业生涯 成就及荣誉 经典语录 主要作品相关影视 小说人物 人物简介 人物生平职业生涯成就及荣誉 经典语录主要作品相关影视 小说人物地名[编辑本段]人物简介纳撒尼尔·霍桑生平简介介绍：纳撒尼尔·霍桑，（Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804～1864）美国小说家，是美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。

1804年7月4日出生于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇一个没落的世家。

他的祖辈之中有人曾参与清教徒迫害异端的事件，为著名的1692年“塞勒姆驱巫案”的3 名法官之一。

这段历史对霍桑的思想产生了深刻的影响。

霍桑的父亲是一名船长,在他4岁时去世。

1821年霍桑在亲戚资助下进入博多因学院，同学中有诗人朗费罗与后来当选为总统的皮尔斯等。

1825年大学毕业，回到塞勒姆镇，从事写作。

他曾匿名发表长篇小说《范肖》(1828)和几十个短篇作品，陆续出版短篇小说集《古宅青苔》(1843)、《雪影》(1851)等，逐渐得到重视和好评。

1836年和1846年霍桑曾两度在海关任职，1841年曾参加超验主义者创办的布鲁克农场。

他于1842年结婚，在康科德村居住，结识了作家爱默生、梭罗等人。

18 48年由于政见与当局不同,失去海关的职务,便致力于创作活动，写出了他最重要的长篇小说《红字》(1850)。

Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑)1. Hawthorne’s Life Storya. born into the family of a sea captain, in Salem 塞勒姆b. When he was born, his family declined. He was aware of hisancestors' misdeeds and thus "blackness of Hawthorne" formed.He thought that the reason of his family's decline is hisancestors' misdeeds.His original family name was “Hathorne”.Why did he insert a “w”into his name:HathorneHawthorneT o escape the curse put on his family by his ancestorsHis ancestor John Hathorne had taken part in the famous Witchcraft T rials in Salem塞勒姆驱巫案•c. In 1821 he entered Bowdoin College and graduated in 1825 in•the class with Longfellow and Franklin Pierce, later•president of the United States.•d. Between 1825-1837, the twelve years were so-called•“seclusion”隐居, when he•lived in his mother’s Salem home to read widely and prepare•for his literary career•his first book is a collection of short stories Twice-told Tales 《故事新编》gained critical attention.•e. In 1841-1842, he stayed at Brook Farm and took part in the transcendental experiment and married Sophia Peabody, a transcendentalist------ the inspiration of The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》•f. After marriage, they lived in a house named Old Manse.•it was there, Hawthorne wrote his collection of short stories Mosses from an Old Manse«古宅青苔»•Lately, from 1839 to 1849, he worked in the US Custom office .海关•g. In 1853, After Pierce became president, he was asked to be the consul领事in Liverpool and Italy.•Italy is the setting of one of his novels---The Marble Faun《大理石雕像》•h. After 1860 Hawthorne lived in Concord and devoted his•remaining years to literature until he died suddenly while on• a trip to New Hampshire with his lifelong friend Pierce.2.Hawthorne’s Major Works1). Two collections of short stories:⏹Twice-told Tales 《故事新编》⏹Mosses from an Old Manse«古宅青苔»Short stories:Young Goodman Brown《小伙子古德曼·布朗》The Minister’s Black V eil《教长的黑面纱》The Birthmark 《胎记》2). Novels( 1) The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》(2) The House of the Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》(3) The Marble Faun《大理石雕像》(4) The Scarlet Letter«红字»3. Hawthorne’s point of viewThe Blackness of Hawthorne▪Hawthorne is influenced by Puritanism deeply. He was not a Puritan himself, but he had Puritan ancestors who played an important role in his life and works.He was aware of the misdeeds of his Puritan ancestors, which led to his understanding of evil at the core of human life.▪Melville : “霍桑描写黑暗的巨大力量，是由于受到加尔文派交易关于与生俱来的堕落与原罪思想的影响。

霍桑英文简介纳撒尼尔霍桑简介Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), the pioneer of American psychoanalytic novels, is also the firstwriter in the history of American literature to write short stories, known as the 19th century American greatest romantic novelist.Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts, childhood father died, with widowed mother lived inthe town of Salems grandfather, his childhood self-esteem, suspicious, childhood misfortune and life atmosphere to make him a heart Kind of painful loneliness, he was not interested in social reform,the rapid development of capitalist economy can not understand. The grandfather believed in Christian Puritanism and Hawthorne was influenced by Puritanism.In 1825, Hawthorne graduated from the Universityof Borden University, returned to Salem, created and published dozens of stories and short stories. In 1839,Hawthorne worked at the Boston Customs for more than two years, then entered the Brook Farm, touching transcendentalism, and met the representative of transcendentalism thought Emerson and Thoreau and others.Since then, Hawthorne went to Salem Customs office, Salem customs life for his creation of Scarlet Letter has a direct impact, The Scarlet Letter published his solid position in the American literary world, butalso to the future with a huge influences.Hawthorne was evaluated as a bystander of life,and this attitude of life determines his interest and insight in his inner and psychological activities. He was deeply influenced by the original sin thought, and the original sin was passed on from generation to generation, and the people were guided by good deedsto purify the evil and purify the mind.His masterpieces include the novel The Scarlet Letter, Hexagon Building, short story collectionrepeat the story again, ancient moss, snow shadow and so on. The Scarlet Letter has become the worldsliterary classics, Henry James, Ellen Poe, Herman Melville and other literary masters are deeply affected.纳撒尼尔霍桑人物经历HeresyThe direct influence on Hawthornes creativethinking is his understanding of family history and religion. Hawthornes ancestors from the England region of the family, generations are devout Calvin believers. The two generations of ancestors were the dignitaries of the Massachusetts political and religious unity. One is the first speaker of the Massachusetts Colonial Parliament, named William Hassan, notorious for participating in the persecution of the Whigs. The other is his uncle, named John Hassan, served as alocal judge. In 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts took place in the history of the famous deceit. At that time the town of Salem popular with a similar epilepsy infectious diseases, it was falsely accused of this Department of witch trouble. In some Western countries there is a traditional idea that thewitch is the companion of the devil Satan, who have received a supernatural power from Satan, who specializes in the spread of diseases and the killing of babies and so on. The town of Salem is the place where the Calvinist forces are strong, and the Calvin sects have struggled with the Whigs to compete for religious power in order to eliminate the heresy. The case involved a wide range, more than 200 people were arrested, 150 people were imprisoned, more than 10 people were hanged, in fact, this is a religious persecution, many of the victims were innocent residents. Hawthornes uncle, John, acted as a judge in the event and was known for his religious fanaticalness and cruelty.Hawthornes understanding of the history of the whole family, especially his study of the ancestors of the 17th century from England to the North American colonial continent and later fortune research and research made him a more comprehensive understanding of the familys development history and Social status of the New England region in the 19th century. At thattime the society was at the beginning of the rapid development of the capitalist economy, and the social structure had undergone major changes and adjustments. In his view, the progress of technology and the use of the machine not only can not improve the moral character of society, but people into a deeper sin whirlpool, a evil wizard. For which he was in front of what happened to be more do not understand. He had come into contact with transcendentalism and had participated in the brooks of the transgressors, but he looked at the activities of Emerson and others with indifference, and even opposed it. Hawthorne was not interested in any social reform program, and even cautious about the major problems of American society at that time. His conservative attitude and the lack of understanding of society are reflected in his deep-rooted Puritan religious consciousness. The intense religious factional struggle in the society and the moral values involved in this struggle had had a significant impact on Hawthornes work. And in many of his works, Hawthorne directly or indirectly attackedthe Galvin religion against the religious fanaticism and the destruction of human religious precepts. Butin the depths of his thought still with a strong religious concept of good and evil to see the world,he can not understand, due to the development of capitalism caused by the new social contradictions united into an abstract evil.In his view, all social problems, thecontradictions between people, the phenomenon of crime and so on are not the root of social material life,but because of the worlds inherent evil caused. Thisis the influence of the idea of original sin and the inner fall in the doctrine of Calvinism on Hawthornes thought. According to Hawthornes point of view, if you want to solve all social problems need to start from the evil, must be from the internal mining. Therefore, in his view, all abstract, mysterious evil are theroot cause of social problems.Family influenceIn Hawthornes family, two ancestors are important administrative officials in the Massachusetts colonies.Nathaniel Hawthornes first generation of ancestors William Hawthorne came from England in 1963 to Massachusetts, in this early colony, William Hawthorne is a prominent figure.Hawthorne disagreed with the behavior of his ancestors, the atrocities committed by his ancestors, was so ashamed of Hawthornes understanding of religion than the average person, and he hated his ancestral practice. The second generation of ancestors John Hawthorne was involved in the trial of the 1692 statement of the messy Salem deceit, which is one of the three judges, Hawthorne that the behavior of ancestors is a sin, a shame , This event to the young Hawthorne left a deep scars, Hawthorne on his ancestral behavior felt deep self-blame, this remorse so that he in his last name Hawthorne added a w To become FHawthorne to show that he is different from the sinful ancestors.Humanistic influence1825 - 1837, spent 12 years in his hometown had a significant impact on Hawthorne becoming a writer. Inhis hometown, Hawthorne was keen to explore thehistory of his hometown. He had read every book in the local library, and he was familiar with the ancient history of the town of Salem, especially the witchcraft. He studied the historical literature about England and engaged in novel creation. Most of his works are based on the brutal religious domination of the colonial period as the background, describing the peoples spiritual world, ideological contradictions and religious oppression under the tragic experience.Hawthorne saw the religious fanaticism and religious doctrine to bring the impact of people, he saw the religious destruction of human nature. In this area of Massachusetts, religion is very closely linked to peoples lives, and religion permeates all aspects of life, and religion is even equivalent to law, with supreme authority and effect, but on the other hand, the harsh rule of Puritanism and fanatical Religious worship is to some extent a cruel trampling of human dignity.Salem is a place where the Calvin Puritan atmosphere is very strong, because here is relatively backward, science is not developed, so the local peoples ignorance, this place has a lot of magical folklore and fairy tales, while people advocate Hypnosis, witchcraft activities spread here, the introduction of Calvin Puritanism in North America had a great impact on Hawthorne, it greatly affected the way Hawthorne recognized the world.Hawthornes era of life Although the Puritan thought is no longer the leading force of New England, but Puritanism on the American life and ideological influence is far-reaching, Hawthornes character and Puritanism thought milk blend, puritanism thought His way of thinking and the attitude of the problem, inevitably make Hawthorne from the perspective of Puritanism to observe people and the world, Hawthorne has a deep thinking and understanding of Puritanism, he was some active in Puritan Of the factors are positive attitude, such as the early American Puritans who have the pioneering spirit, perseverance of thespirit, which is in the body of Hester Prynne is reflected. But on the other hand, the asceticism in Puritanism and the oppression of Puritanism against humanity are what the authors do not agree with and criticize. From the historical understanding of the United States, Hawthorne can profoundly grasp the Puritanisms history of the United States , But therule and norms of Yan Xun can in some way make people lose their original nature, and Hawthorne is well versed in the influence of Puritanism on people, and The Puritanism has a clear understanding and thinking, although the Puritan rule is no longer strict, but some eternal topics such as the relationship between man and God and the relationship between man and religion, human nature in the good and evil andpeoples morality Criteria are the subject of concern and concern.Hawthornes life is the American Renaissance, the19th century European romantic thoughts across the sea, came to North America this land, coupled with theNorth American colonial puritanism thought strong,romantic and local clear The combination ofdoctrinalism creates a transcendentalist philosophythat has had a significant impact on the later US. Transcendentalism is an important ideological movement in the United States. The period of Americanliterature in the transcendentalism is called the American Renaissance. Transcendentalism is an ideological and cultural liberation movement with religious colors. Literature and culture have had a significant impact, with profound philosophicalthinking as the background, emphasizing the supreme spirit of the spirit and the absolute perception ofthe traditional religion to refute, the representative of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Ralph FWaldo FEmerson), Henry Davav Thoreau.Before and after 1841, the wave of transcendentalism swept through Boston and its neighboring areas, and Hawthorne was influenced by transcendentalism. Transcendentalism believed that there was an ideal transcendentalist entity in the universe, Experience, people can be intuition to grasp,people can understand the truth through intuition, within a certain range of people is God, they are a new round of religious reflection and criticism, they abandon the Calvin sect God as the center Point of view, against rationality, advocating intuition, to promote the humanistic spirit, advocate individual liberation, emphasizing the value of individuals, this trend on the society at that time had a great impact, especially for Europes dominant theological ideas, transcendentalism The liberation of American ideology and culture, but also affected the American literature, an indispensable part of American literature.Although Hawthorne is not transcendentalist fanatical followers, but his relationship with Emerson and Thoreau are very close, in their daily lives,their contacts are pleasant.Creation periodIn 1837, Hawthornes first short story collection repeat the story again to bring him some fame.After 1845, Hawthorne entered the creation of the mature period, in 1846 launched the second short storyancient house moss, but the book only to bring him a modest income. Hawthorne once again seek the help of political friends, get a government office, any Salem customs inspector, served for three years to give up the work. In 1848 the presidential general, different political parties came to power, then replaced a large number of government officials, Hawthorne is also one of them. He experienced a heart and body suffering,and finally calm down, began to create his most famous novel Scarlet Letter.In 1850, the Scarlet Letter made him famous. The Scarlet Letter is the first symbolist novel in the history of American literature. Since the novelfocuses on Hawthornes creative personality and experience, he was immediately criticized by thecritics as the greatest writer born in this century. Scarlet income so that he out of poverty, Hawthornebid farewell to his hometown, his family moved to Massachusetts, West Burke County Lennox. In the Lennox, Hawthornes creation began to peak, masterpiece gush.1851 completed the seven sharp angle of the house is the description of the family history of the decline of the novel. In 1851 also published a short story collection Snow Shadow.In 1852, for the classmate Franklin Pierce campaign president, launched biography: Franklin Pierce Biography, the works received by Pierce appreciation. Franklin Pierce was elected president, appointed Hawthorne as US Consul General in Liverpool, England.1853 published fairy tale chaotic grove story, the two fairy tale has become the classic American childrens literature.Hawthorne during his tenure (1853-1857), he fully understood the British customs, the road impression into the British notes (Hawthorne after the death of the notes published by his wife), and essays our home (Published in 1863). In 1858, he traveled to France and Italy, written as French and Italian notes, the novel jade statue (published in 1860). Jade statue toItaly as the background, is Hawthorne created the last complete novel.。