English Noun Phrase 名词短语

什么是英语短语短语分类详解英语短语动词是英语成语的一个重要类别,在句法上充当一个动词的作用。

英语短语分类有哪些呢？下面是店铺整理的什么是英语短语，欢迎阅读。

什么是英语短语短语是英语构成的具有实际意义的一个重要的基本单位，比如动词短语(have been doing)、介词短语(for you)、名词短语(my best friend)等等,掌握好英语短语的基本分类对英语阅读和写作具有十分重要的意义。

英语短语分类详解一、名词短语(noun phrase )1、名词短语的功能名词短语的简单定义：名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语。

先来看几个简单的例子：① These red roses are for you .在句中充当主语。

②I have three close friend .译：我有三个要好的朋友。

在句中充当宾语。

② He is my best friend .译：他是我最好的朋友。

在句中充当表语。

③ There are some red roses on that small table .some red roses在句中充当主语; that small table在句中充当介词on的宾语。

以上例句中的名词短语，都包含在英语句子和文章中。

可以充当句子中的各个成分。

※注意：英文中的介词不能单独使用，其后面必须接宾语，所接的宾语往往是名词短语(如例句4)。

the bird in the tree 树上的那只小鸟the map on the wall 墙上的地图the development of China 中国的发展the standard of living 生活水平the south side of the Changjiang river 长江南岸the way to the hotel 去旅馆的路the life in the future 未来的生活名词短语有如此重要的作用，那么这么重要的句子构成要素是怎样构成的呢?下面来详细总结它的构造规律。

名词短语（noun phrase）NP isA core核心的，关键的element元素of a sentence 构造“左二右六”定语规律汉语中心词head在后Head-last languageEnglishHead-first languageChapter one名词名词的分类：专有名词：proper noun普通名词：common noun1 人名及头衔zeke/’zeki/coral色彩斑斓的石头AreslociThe Queen of england2 著作名称War and peaceThe merchant商人of venice威尼斯Pride and prejudice3 月份JanuaryFebruaryMarchaprilMayjuneJulyAugustseptemberOctoberNovemberDecember公历阳历the solar太阳的calendar日历农历阴历the lunar 月亮的calendarMondayTuesdaywednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday5 节日The spring festival春节The midautumn festivalSpringSummerAutumnWinterCrismersChristmas结婚纪念日marry marriedwedding anniversary6 地理名称The yellow riverYangtze river长江经济带the yangtze economic belt EconomySafety belt喜马拉雅山The himalayas中华人民共和国The people’s republic of chinaCPC 中国共产党the communist party of china 可数与不可数1 不可分割Air coffee oil paper milk beef chicken fish2 组成部分太小不易数清Corn sand grass hair3 表示总称Clothing food furniture一件家具a piece of furnitureLuggageMakeupHomeworkHouseworkJewelryMoney cash4 抽象名词Advice fun life patience5 学科subjectsMath chinese english physics chemistry biology grammar There is _ in my soup!These boys need to have their _ cut.I don’t like wearing_A long hair b a long hair c long hairs单数与负数Singular and pluralSg. And pl.A single dogBachelorOne half dayOne dayOne and a half days只用作单数的名词不可数名词与专有名词只用作复数的名词1 “二合一”复数名词工具和仪器GlassesSpectaclesScalesForceps 钳子，镊子TongsScissors2 服装JeansTrousersTrunks 男士泳裤PajamasA pair of3 单数的形式，复数的意思People personPeople 民族The chinese people have achieved a great success. Cattle 牛群PolicePoultry 家禽Livestock 牲畜The +adj. 表示一类The rich 有钱人复数专有名词五大湖the great lakes规则的复数名词Desk desksClass classesS x ch sh +esY iOTomato heroF fe vesLeaf leavesThief thieves不规则的复数名词公式formula formulas/formulae索引index indexes/indicesAnalysis anlyses分析Basis bases基础数据datum data细菌bacterium bacteria复合名词变复数Man doctorMen doctors岳母mother-in-lawMothers-in-law单复同形Sheep 绵羊Deer 鹿区分词义Arm 手臂Arms 武器=weapon，军事The arms race军备竞赛Custom 风俗Customs 海关交关税pay customs dutyDamage 损坏，损失Damages 赔偿金Letter 信Letters 文学Minute 分钟Minutes 会议记录Spirit 精神Spirits 烈酒Premise 前提Premises 营业场所Business premisesSecurity 安全Securities 证券Securities market 证券市场Line 行Lines 台词名词的所有格My brother’sChildren’sFriends’并列名词John and his wife’s bank savings共有的John’s and his wife’s bank savings各自的主谓The visitor’s departure=the visitor departed动宾The children’s education=somebody educated the children同位Bhutto’s lossThe loss of bhutto限定词冠词的分类不定冠词：a an开头发音是否为元音_an SOS sign_an L letter is in the word “letter”定冠词：the开头发音是否为元音The cakeThe MVP most valuable playerAOE area of effectKDA kill death assist零冠词特指与泛指The lion is a dangerous animal.泛指The lion escaped from the zoo.特指四种常见的泛指表达1 不可数名词不加冠词表示泛指Life is hard sometimes.The writer is writing a book about the life of blacks in America.特指2 复数名词不加冠词表示泛指Tigers are becoming almost extinct.Tigers are dangerous animals.The tigers are sleeping in the cage.The chineseThe poor3 单数名词与定冠词the 连用可以表示泛指The tiger is becoming almost extinct.Tigers are becoming almost extinct.4 单数名词与不定冠词连用表示泛指A tiger is a dangerous animal.定冠词the1 情景/文化特指Situational / cultural referenceLiu xiang ,the famous hurdler2一般常识北极the north poleThe sun the earth the moon3 具体知识Have you visited the castle?城堡4 即时情景用法immediate situationThe roses are very beautiful.上下文共指textual co-reference前指anaphoric reference后指cataphoric referenceI had a banana and an apple.i ate the banana and gave the apple to clint.结构特指structural referenceThe brick house on the corner is mine.不定冠词I read a great book last week.I want to read a book.和one的关系A mile or twoOne or two milesOne night there was a terrible storm.一天晚上，刮起了特大的风暴At table 就餐At the table 在桌子旁边Go to bed 上床睡觉Go to the bed 到床边In hospital住院In the hospital在医院里零冠词1关于职业、身份或头衔They appointed him head librarian.He was elected president in 1879.2特殊名称Nature泛指自然界Society 泛指社会Man 泛指整个人类Man can conquer nature.人定胜天星期She left on MondayOn the Monday before christmasOn SundaysIn springAt dawn at sunsetAt noon at nightBy busOn footBy teleponePhone telephone cell pone 老式手机智能手机phone iphoneSmart phone平行结构Face to faceArm in armHand in handDay by day数量限定词与个体限定词I was found on the ground by the fountain at Valder fields and was almost dry我躺在瓦尔德的田野中，靠在泉水旁被太阳晒得昏昏沉沉lying in the sun after I had tried终于挣扎不动了lying in the sun by the side任凭烈日洗礼吧we had agreed that the council would end at three hours over time 我们一致赞同议会将在三个小时后结束Shoelaces were tied at the traffic lights在红绿灯前我系了系鞋带I was running late, i could apply虽然还是迟到了，可我想我还能行的For another one i guess换份工作吧，试试吧If department stores are best如果在百货商店最好不过了they said there would be delays无非是拖着几天工资而已Only temporary pay我也知道，这不是长久之计For another one I guess换份工作吧，试试吧If department stores are best如果在百货商店最好不过了They said there would be delays无非是拖着几天工资而已Only temporary pay我也知道，这不是长久之计She was found on the ground in a gown made at Valder fields and was sound asleep她躺在瓦尔德的田野中，穿着精美的定制礼服安稳的睡着了safe and sound平安Stairs above the door to the man who cried门外台阶上哭着的那个男人When he said that he loved his life说他曾真的很热爱生活We had agreed that the council should take his keys to the bedroom door我们一致赞成应该拿走他房门的钥匙Incase let he slept and was found in two days in Valder fields with a mountain view既然他已在瓦尔德如画的山色中睡了两天，那就让他继续沉睡数量限定词与个体限定词A few ,few 只能接复数名词A little ,little 只能接不可数名词A few , a little 肯定Few ,little 否定Only a fewVery few ,very littleYou can catch any bus. They all go to the railway station.某一个Some good restaurant某一家餐馆Some 1,500 passengers大约1500名乘客个体限定词Every boy has a gift.Each boy has a gift.Each :指两个或两个以上Every:三个或三个以上Each 不与数词连用Every two daysEvery four yearsAnother dayAnother three days 另外三天=three other daysCan you give me some other reference books?参考书prefereither of the answers is not correct.=neither of the answers is correct.表示二表示三Both allNeither noneThe other anotherEach everyOnly _ dollars have been borrowed from the manager.A a fewB fewC someD littleAll most some any ofMuch a little little of限定词的位置关系我工资的一半：Half my salary前位限定词中位限定词后位限定词All my manyBoth the last twoA kind womanShe spent _ on clothes.A her all earningsB her all earningC all her earningsD all her earningI have classes_ day,Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.A each otherB every otherC one anotherD all other形容词前置修饰名词限定词形容词名词An interesting bookA beautiful smileMy best friend多个形容词修饰名词时的词序排列Opinion adjective+descriptive adjectiveA beautiful white table描绘形容词的顺序Size shape age color origin material SSACOM大小形状新旧颜色国籍出处材质李白是中国古代一位伟大的诗人Li bai is a great ancient chinese poet.房间里有一张很大的黑色木桌There is a big black wooden table in the room一个水晶crystal饮水drinking玻璃杯a crystal drinking glassUNESCO 联合国教科文组织The united nations educational ,scientific and cultural organization The security council 安理会The international monetary fund (IMF)Money国际货币基金组织The international olympic committee国际奥委会Three pros, one con and one abstention三票赞成，一票反对，一票弃权The pacific rim环太平洋地区Peace-keeping operations维和行动Permanent ceasefire永久停火Unilateral action单边行动Bilateral relations双边关系Humanitarian aid人道主义援助Geopolitical 地缘政治的Prime minister首相Whitewash war crimes粉饰战争罪行Claim compensation索赔Deny the nanjing massacre否认南京大屠杀Zero-sum game 零和游戏0 +1 -1Military intervention军事干预Central intelligence agency （CIA）中央情报局Federal bureau of investigation (FBI)联邦调查局1 A _dress that the movie star woreA silk,long,gorgeous,redB red,long,silk,gorgeousC gorgeous,long,red,silkD long,gorgeous,silk,red2 A pair of _ boots that were kept in the stableA smart,brown,leather,ridingB brown,smart,riding,leatherC leather,brown,smart,ridingD riding,smart,brown,leather3 A _scarf knitted by my grandmotherA stripy,warm,winter,woolenB winter,woolen,warm,stripyC woolen,winter,stripy,warmD warm,stripy,woolen,winter形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式单音节词-er -estBright brighter brightest-e r stBrave braver bravestY -ier -iestShy shier shiestFat fatter fattest双音节Early earlier earliestSlowly more mostInteresting more mostSpecialGood/well better bestBad /ill worse worstFar farther/further estOld older/elder estLittle less leastMany /much more mostLate later/latter latest/lastUp upper uppermost/upmost不具有表绝对Absolute 完全的，绝对的Alone 单独的，独一无二的Dead 死的Empty 空的(the )比较级+thanMore and more句型不能用于单音节词More and more fat修饰比较级的词A bit ,a little bit, a lotAre you feeling any better?否定+比较表示最高级How have you been ?It couldn’t be worse.你怎么样？不能再糟了、糟透了The most interesting bookThe story is most interesting.很，非常-ing -edInterested interesting一个无趣的人a boring man一个烦闷的人a bored man动词实义动词notional verb与助动词auxiliary（情态动词）modal verb 助动词Do : does,didBe : am ,is ,are,was,were,been,beingHave: has,had,havingBe ,do ,haveI am a student.I am studying grammer.Can,could ,must,Can /couldMay/mightWill/wouldShall/shouldMust/had betterBe able toBe going toOught to ,be supposed toHave to, have got toNeed ,dare陈述句的否定He is a teacher.He is not a teacher.I like englishI don’t like englishI am am notWe/you/they areAre not aren’tIs not isn’tN’tWill notWon’tShall not shan’tShould notMay not一般疑问句He is a teacher.Is he a teacher?Yes,he is.no ,he isn’tHe likes english.Does he like english?Yes,he does.no,he doesn’t特殊疑问句不与名词连用He can sing in english.Who can sing in english?要与名词连用This is his book.Whose book is this?HowHow do you go to work?How old are you?How oftenHow many句型时态四时四态Tense时1 现在时present2 过去时past3 将来时future4 过去将来时past futureAspect态1 简单体simple2 进行体continuous3 完成体perfect4 完成进行体perfect continuous一般时态1 表示普遍的事实或者真理expressing a general truth Knowledge is power.2 表示重复活动expressing a regularly occurring eventHe often goes to the gym.I like rice for dinner.He is always late.SeldomHe doesn’t seldom come late.The history lectures sometimes aren’t interesting.3Here comes your wife.4 条件状语if ,unless与时间状语when,as soon as ,before,after中Please let me know when he comes back.他回来时请告诉我If you will give me a hand with these books,I’ll appreciate it.如果你愿意帮我拿这些书，我将非常感激表示短暂性的动词go ,come,leave,start,moveThe train starts at 2 o’clock.火车两点钟开I will reward the person who finds my lost kitten.小猫我将酬谢找到我丢失的猫的人5一般现在时表过去表示死者的理论，著作等Francis bacon says,””引用书籍The newspaper reads,””6 一般现在时指代现在完成时动词hear,find,see,learn,tell,readI am（=have been）informed that you have been there.有人告诉我，你去过那里Vice president副总统副的associatedNational security councilSenate 参议院The majority leader多数党领袖Secretary of state 国务卿Secretary of defense/treasury/commerceAttorney general司法部部长Supreme court最高法院The republic party共和党The democratic party民主党Military provocation 军事挑衅Armament race 军备竞赛一般过去时态the past simple tense1 过去发生的短暂动作或状态I saw him in the library yesterday morning.我昨天早上在图书馆看到他了2 过去发生的重复或延续活动I slept for eight hours last night.我昨晚睡了八个小时1 我不知道I don’t know ; I didn’t know2 我忘记了I forget ; I forgotI forget the meaning of the word.I forgot to bring your earphone back.3 我以为I think ; I thought4 语境It is nice to meet you.It was nice to meet you.5 礼貌表达委婉推测I wondered if you could help me.我想知道你能否帮我一般将来时态——预测、计划和意愿Will表将来-预测Wil we live on Mars?我们能生活在火星上吗？Be going to 表将来-预测It’s not going to snow again tomorrow,is it? It was supposed to be warm all week.明天不该再下雪了吧？天气预报本来还说这一周都会很暖和的。

英语语法转业术语语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word实词 notional word 虚词 structrural word名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable no 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret moun 物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite 物主代词 possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possesive 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form原形 base form从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition 非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentwence 否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 基本句型 basic sentence patern句子成分 members of sentences 主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object 双宾语dual object直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语cognate object补语 complement 主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement 表语predicative定语 attribute 同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial句法关系 syntatic relationship 并列 coordinate 从属 subordination 修饰modification前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form格 case 普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case 主格 nominative case 宾格objective case性 gender 阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter人称 person 第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person时态 tense 过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 past perfect tense 过去完成时 present perfect tense 将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice 主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation 全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order 自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion 全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech 自由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreemen 主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity强调 emphasis 重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English 用法 usage 感情色彩emotional coloring褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironicGerund 动名词 H Hyphen 连字号 I Imperative Mood 祈使语气 Imperative Sentences 祈使句 Indefinite Case 独立成分 Indicative Mood 主句 Material Nouns 物质名词 Members of the Sentence 句子的成分 Modal Verbs 情态动词 Mood 语气 Morphology 词法 N Natural Word-order 否定疑问句 Non-finite Forms of the Verb 动词的非限定形式 Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses 非限制性定语从句B Brackets 括号 Classification of Nouns 名词的分类 Clauses 从句（分句）Cognate Object 同源宾语 Collective Nouns 集体名词 Colon 冒号 Comma 逗号Common Case 普通格 Common Nouns 普通名词 Comparative Degree 比较级Complex Object 复合宾语 Complex Sentences 复合句 Compound Complex Sentences 并列复合句 Compound Nominal Predicate 表性状的复合谓语Compound Predicate 复合谓语 Compound Sentences 并列句 Compound Verbal Predicate 表行为的复合谓语 Compound Words 合成词 Compounding( Composition ) 合成 Conditional Sentences of Mixed Time 错综时间条件句Conjunction 连词 Conjunctive Adverbs 连接副词 Conjunctive Pronouns 连接代词Conversion 转化 Co-ordinating Conjunctions 并列连词 Countable Nouns 可数名词 D Dash 破折号 Declarative Sentences 陈述句 Definite Article 定冠词 Degrees of Comparison 比较的级别 Demonstrative Pronouns 指示代词 Derivation( Affixation ) 派生（词缀法） Descriptive Attributes 描绘性定语 Direct Address 呼语 Direct Object 直接宾语 Direct Speech 直接引语 Disjunctive Questions 反意问句 E Ellipsis 省略 Elliptical Sentences 省略句 Exclamation Mark 感叹号Exclamatory Sentences 感叹句 F Finite Forms of the Verb 动词的限定形式 Form Words 虚词 Fractional Numerals 分数词 Full Inversion 完全倒装 Future Continuous 将来进行时 Future Indefinite 一般将来时 Future Perfect 将来完成时Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时Absolute Constructions 独立结构 Absolute Forms of Possessive Pronouns 物主代词的绝对形式 Abstract Nouns 抽象名词 Active Voice 主动语态 Adverbial Clauses of Manner 方式状语从句 Adverbial Clauses of Place 地点状语从句 Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句 Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句Adverbs of Degree 程度副词 Adverbs of Frequency 频度副词 Adverbs of Manner 方式副词 Adverbs of Place 地点副词 Adverbs of Time 时间副词 Alternative Questions 选择问句 Analysis of Sentences 句子分析 Apostrophe 省略号Appositive 同谓语 Appositive Clauses 同位语从句 Auxiliary Verbs 助动词Parenthesis 插入语 Partial Inversion 部分倒装 Participial Phrases 分词短语Participle 分词 Particle 小品词 Parts of Speech 词类 Past Forms 过去式 Past Participle 过去分词 Period ( Full Stop ) 句号 Person 人称 Personal Pronouns 人称代词 Phrasal Verbs 成语动词 Predicate 谓语 Predicative 表语 Predicative Clauses 表语从句 Prefix ( es ) 前缀 Prepositional Phrases 介词短语 Present Forms 现在式 Present Participle 现在分词 Principal Forms of verbs 动词的主要形式Proper Nouns 专有名词 Punctuation 标点符号 Question Mark 问号 QuestionMarks 引号 Reciprocal Pronouns 相互代词 Relative Adverbs 关系副词 Relative Pronouns 关系代词 Restrictive Attributive Clauses 限制性定语从句 Self Pronouns 自身代词 Semicolon 分号 Sentences of Real Condition 真实条件句 Sentences of Unreal Condition 虚拟条件句 Sequence of Tenses 时态的呼应 Special Questions 特殊问句 Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气 Suffix ( es ) 后缀 Superlative Degree 最高级Syntax 句法 Transformation of Sentences 句型的转换 Two-member Sentences 双部句 Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词 Verb Phrases 动词短语 Verbal Noun 名词化的动词 Word Building 构词法。

英语句子的核‎心组成部分——名词短语(noun phrase‎，简称NP)。

从一开始就搞‎清楚名词短语‎的构造规则，对于今后的英‎语学习将是非‎常重要的。

一、名词短语the core elemen‎t of a senten‎c e英语中，短语有很多类‎，比如动词短语‎(have been doing)、介词短语(for you)、名词短语(my best friend‎)等等。

其中名词短语‎最为重要，它是英语造句‎中不可或缺的‎元素。

1、名词短语的功‎能名词短语的简‎单定义：名词与它的修‎饰语一起即构‎成名词短语。

先来看几个简‎单的例子：①These red roses are for you .译：这些红玫瑰是‎送给你的。

名词短语th‎e se red roses在句中充当主‎语。

②I have three close friend‎.译：我有三个要好‎的朋友。

名词短语th‎ree close friend‎在句中充当宾‎语。

③He is my best friend‎.译：他是我最好的‎朋友。

名词短语my‎ best friend‎在句中充当表‎语。

④There are some red roses on that small table .译：在那张小餐桌‎上有一些红玫‎瑰。

名词短语so‎m e red roses在‎句中充当主语‎；名词短语th‎a t small table在‎句中充当介词‎o n的宾语。

以上例句中的‎名词短语，都包含在英语‎句子和文章中‎。

可以充当句子‎中的各个成分‎。

※注意：英文中的介词‎不能单独使用‎，其后面必须接‎宾语，所接的宾语往‎往是名词短语‎(如例句4)。

the bird in the tree树上的那只小‎鸟the map on the wall墙上的地图the develo‎p ment of China中国的发展the standa‎r d of living‎生活水平the south side of the Changj‎i ang river长江南岸the way to the hotel去旅馆的路the life in the future‎未来的生活名词短语有如‎此重要的作用‎，那么这么重要‎的句子构成要‎素是怎样构成‎的呢？下面来详细总‎结它的构造规‎律。

短语的分类短语是语言中的一个基本单位，由一个或多个词组成，可以分为以下几类:1. 名词短语 (Noun Phrase, NP): 以一个名词作为核心，可以包括冠词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语等修饰词。

例如："a black cat", "the big house", "my best friend"2. 动词短语 (Verb Phrase, VP): 以一个动词作为核心，可以包括副词、介词短语等修饰词，并可以加上直接宾语或间接宾语等补充成分。

例如："eat an apple", "run quickly", "give her a book"3. 形容词短语 (Adjective Phrase, AP): 以一个形容词作为核心，可以包括副词、介词短语等修饰词。

例如："very tall", "extremely expensive", "a man of great courage"4. 副词短语 (Adverb Phrase, AdvP): 以一个副词作为核心，可以包括其他副词或介词短语等修饰词。

例如："quite slowly", "very carefully", "in the park"5. 介词短语 (Prepositional Phrase, PP): 以一个介词作为核心，后面跟着一个名词短语。

6. 不定式短语 (Infinitive Phrase): 以不定式动词作为核心，可以包括副词、名词短语等修饰词。

例如："to go home", "to eat lunch", "to study hard"7. 动名词短语 (Gerund Phrase): 以动名词作为核心，可以包括副词、名词短语等修饰词。