2018年上海市普通高中学业水平考试英语试题及答案

Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who canapply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph “field s” mostly probably means______________.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?A. High costB. Expert crisisC. Technological problemD. Customer interactionsKeys: 60-62 D C ASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Think the world loves your selfies as much as you do? Not exactly.It’s become something of a ritual for many of us. When you’ve binge-watched everything on Netflix and you are tired of online shopping, you head to the bathroom to put on your very best makeup. Y our goal is clear; to get the perfect selfie for Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat…or, more likely, all of the above. After perfecting your eyeliner and curling your lashes, you’re ready. Y ou hold up your phone, pout those lips real tight, and in an instant, snap.But wait, have you ever wondered what’s behind your burning desire to self-document? Most people would say that this is a form of expression or perhaps even a way of boosting their self-esteem. Whatever your reasons may be, the moment you upload that picture, it’s no longer yours to judge. Indeed, you pass over that immense power to the online world.While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others did the same thing.Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media. Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.The research didn’t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as “ self-ironic” and “authentic”, whereas they think that other people’sselfies as “less authentic” and more “self-presentational”.In short, this research suggests that there is a massive gulf of difference between how we see our own selfies and how we judge other people’s pictures. It suggests that we are comfortable with the selfies we post since we believe they are obviously not serious or vain, but we think everyone else is a total egotist for doing the very same thing.“This may explain how everybody can take selfies without feeling narcissistic. If most people think like this, then it is no wonder that the world is full of selfies,” explains Diefenbach. So, as illogical as it sounds, this could be why we unashamedly post selfies and then judge other people for doing so. Somehow, we are able to separate our own selfies from the sea of them online and naively think that ours are the only authentic ones.So, the next time you idly reach for your phone and flick through the filters, consider this: The people around you may not need another carefully planned snap of your face. Instead, you might be better off, giving it a break and calling off the selfie photo shoot today. While you’re at it, make sure you never post these pictures on social media either.60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?A. To show others what kind of persons they are.B. To be more confident about themselves.C. To encourage others to make comments on them.D. To make others like them more.61. What does the word “paradox”(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements62. According to the passage, what are people’s attitudes towards selfies?A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others’ selfies.B. They believe that other people’s selfies are much better than their own.C. They think that other people’s selfies are as genuine as theirs.D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.Keys: 60-62 CBASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Outdoor RecreationGet outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at lwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.Upcoming adventuresTBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain BikingParticipants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the foresttrails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking TrailsA bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw CavesThe Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.......60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?A. You can’t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________.A. B.C. D.62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men’s only) on Millitary Trail.D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.Keys: 60-61 CADSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics 控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purposewhich we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Keys: 58-61 AADCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room isready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‘infuriate’, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York'B. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisKeys: 60-62 ABDSix【2018届上海市交大附中高三下学期开学考试题】Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)About Old Faithful – The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscovered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions — which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesn’t like to act average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is itpossible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 14:06C. 15:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 timeseach day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount ofwater it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on whichthe predictions are calculated by the naturalists.D. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each timeand it’s located in the world’s largest national park.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.B. The Yellowstone official website.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.Keys: 59-61 CDASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me forsuch a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile（协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t’ mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.60.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_________ .A)wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality.B)intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist.C)wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.D)intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals.61.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected___________.A)to have an excellent academic record.B)to be wise and mature.C)to be imaginative with a value system to guide him.D)to be a technical genius with a wide vision.62.The author’s experience shows that he was___________.A)creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrationalKeys: 60-62 BDCEight 【2018届上海市复旦附中高三英语教学质量调研试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Learning English Video Project1. Encounters in the UK (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini-series. It tells thestory of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England tostudy with local families in what is called a “homestay” arrangement. For the fourgirls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience. As one of the homestayhosts explains: “It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learningEnglish, but in learning about life.”Watch with: subtitles | transcript | no subtitles | Comments2. Stories from Morocco (16 minutes)Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca, Morocco, this film features footage and interviews focusing onkey questions such as “Why are people learning English?” and “What tips andadvice car learners offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challengesof English language learning in Morocco. Interviewees touch on a variety of topicsincluding British vs American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities ofEnglish to French and Spanish.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments3. Thoughts from Brazil (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China, Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends inlearning English, especially for children and teens, it will be of particular interest toall those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personalinterests such as music, gaming and social media with self-study. As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo, Brazil, hediscovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning bydoing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments59. From the passage we can conclude that “Learning English Video Project” is most probably .A. an online language learning courseB. audio documents on language learningC. a series of short video programsD. a set of films on English-speaking countries60. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch .A. Encounters in the UKB. Stories from MoroccoC. Thoughts from BrazilD. Insights from China61. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil?A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative.B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners.C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning.D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners.Keys: 59-61 CBDNine 【2018届上海市光明中学高三英语上学期开学考试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B ，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray LineBrisbane.Their widerange of tours in air -conditioned coaches, combined with theguide'sexpert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour (tour B481)Departs: daily 9:00 am.Returns: 11:45 am.Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture,colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.-Cathedral Square -Parliament House -Windmill -Anzac Square-City Hall -Chinatown -Captain Cook and Story BridgeAdult Concession Child $69 $67 $45。

上海市2018中考英语试题（附含答案解析和听⼒）范⽂范例参考2018 年上海市初中毕业统⼀学业考试英语试卷Part I Listening(第⼀部分听⼒)1. Listening comprehension(听⼒理解)(共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图⽚)(6 分)1 、 ________2、 _________3、 __________4、 __________5、 __________6、__________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案 )(8 分)7. A)Apple.B)Banana.范⽂范例参考C) Orange .D)Pear.8.A)At8:45.B)At 9:00.C)At9:15.D)At 9:00.9. A)By bus.B)By bike.C) By car.D)By underground.10.A)Rainy.B) Cloud y.C)Sunny. D )Windy.11.A)Visit his uncle.B)Visit his classmates.C) Go to London.D) Go to a language camp.12.A)In a store.B)At home.C) At the cinema.D)In a restaurant.13.A) Husband and wife.B) Doctor and patient.C)Shop assistant and customer.D)Teacher and student.14.A) Talk to Lucy.B)Go to the supermarket.C) Eat more.D)Lose some weight.C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements aretrue or false TF 列句⼦是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的⽤“T”表⽰,不符合的⽤“F”表⽰)(6 分)15.Mary has just become a college student.16.Simon doesn ’t enjoy classroom discussions.17.Mary has nothing interesting to do after class.18.Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai.19.Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months.20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短⽂，完成下列内容。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷以及答案（包括一篇范文）2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷第I卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten shortconversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a questionwill be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the bestanswer to the question you have heard.1. M: Goodmorning, can I help you?W: Yes, thisdress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q: Where doesthe conversation most probably take place?2. W: Jack, youlook tired.M: Yes, I’ve gota pile of work to do, but it gives me a g reat sense of achievement.Q: What can welearn about the man?3. W: John,What's up? Why are you standing on the desk?M: The lightssuddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt outQ: What is theman most probably doing?4. W: I willtake this room. How much is the rent?M: Well, twohundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months’ rent in advance plus adeposit of one hundred poundsQ: According tothe man, how much should the woman pay in total?5. W: I willtake an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow.M: Don’t worry,I will stand no chance if you take the interviewQ:How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job？6. M: I couldn'tsleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable.W: Don't blamethe bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does thewoman imply?7. W: Andy, Ibought a shirt for you.M: Thank you. Ihope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.Q: What does theman imply?8. W: I’mterribly sorry. But your flight has been cancelled.M: What? In thatcase, I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight.Q: What does theman expect the woman to do for him?9. W: A newhotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers but over fourthousand people showed up.M: Yes, I sawthe news on TV. I still have my job, thank goodness.Q: What are thespeakers talking about?10. W: ProfessorSmith explained the Physics problem very clearly.M: Did he?Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can welearn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passagesand one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will beasked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read thefour possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer tothe question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.With the fascinating past and more than4 centuries of history, St. Augustine is one the nation's oldest cities and anAmerican treasure. Located on Florida's Atlantic coast, it is home to many fineexamples of European architecture and wild scenic views.In 1513, while looking for the storiedfountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called it Le Florida andclaimed it for Spain. Then, in 1565, a Spanish conqueror established asettlement there, and named it St. Augustine. Except for a twenty-year period of English rule, Florida remained under Spanish rule until the United Statestook control in 1821.In the years after its founding, thecity of St. Augustine was attacked by the French and English, and by nativeAmericans, who are said to have shot flaming arrows at the city's defensivebuilding, setting it on fire.More recently, nature has stricken theregion with hurricanes, Matthew in 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still, St. Augustineinjures. As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustinehas suffered much in its long history. Hopefully, visitors will come andperhaps support the Florida coast recovery while discovering its centuries ofhistory and miles of coastal beauty.11. Whichcountry first governed Florida in history?12. Which of thefollowing statements is true of St. Augustine?13. What is thepassage mainly about?Questions14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Transport for London has a lost propertyoffice, which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city'stransport system each day.It is the biggest lost property officein Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. 65 staffs sort through hundreds ofthousands of lost and forgotten items each at the office, which is run by PaulCohen. According to the latest data, Cohen's team dealt with over three hundredthousand items in the first quarter of the year.As the data reveals, very few areclaimed. For example, of the nearly thirteen thousand keys handed in to lostproperty last year, just under one thousand four hundred were returned to theirowners, says Cohen. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within threemonths. After that time, stock becomes the property of Transport for London,and it's not necessarily the items you’d expect.Wander through the three basement floorsthat make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enoughto recover and what we're happy to let go. Cohen has discovered somethinginteresting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, “If you have one shoe,you are more likely to go looking for theother. If you lose two shoes, well,it’s slightly out of sig ht and out of mind.” He guesses many people regard lossas an opportunity to treat themselves to something new.14: What is thepassage mainly about?15: Which of thefollowing is true of the lost items?16: According toCohen, why don't some people get their lost shoes back?Questions17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a goodfeeling about this house.M: If you likethe outside, you are going to really love the inside.W: What abeautiful home and I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from thestreet. M: Follow meinto the kitchen, you will love it.W: Wow, they puta wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it!M: The best partis the bedroom and the attached bathroom.W: I love therelaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I’d like to make an offer onthis house.M: As your houseagent, I’m here to take care of this process. How much will you plan for theoffering?W: I really likethe house and I will pay the full asking price of three hundred and eightythousand dollars.M: We’d betterleave ourselves some bargaining room. Let’s offer three hundred and fiftythousand dollars.W: That soundsgood, but I don't want this house to get away from me.M: The marketeris fairly down right now, so the offer is a realistic one.W: When will weknow if they accept the offer?M: The ownersusually respond to an offer within a few days.W: Should I becontacting my bank in the meantime?M: You arealready pre-qualified for your loan, so you're in good shape.17. What is thewoman most probably doing?18. What doesthe woman like best in the kitchen?19. What doesthe woman think of the man's offer on the house at first?20. Which of thefollowing is true according to the passage?。

2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷Part ⅠListening(第一部分听力)1. Listening comprehension(听力理解)（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)（6分）A B C DE F G H1、________2、_________3、__________4、__________5、__________6、__________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)（8分）7. A. Apple. B. Banana. C. Orange. D. Pear.8. A. At 8:45. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:15. D. At 9:00.9. A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. D. By underground.10. A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. D. Windy.11. A. Visit his uncle. B. Visit his classmates.C. Go to London.D. Go to a language camp.12. A. In a store. B. At home. C. At the cinema. D. In a restaurant.13. A. Husband and wife. B. Doctor and patient.C. Shop assistant and customer.D. Teacher and student.14. A. Talk to Lucy. B. Go to the supermarket.C. Eat more.D. Lose some weight.C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false （下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）15. Mary has just become a college student.16. Simon doesn’t enjoy classroom discussions.17. Mary has nothing interesting to do after class.18. Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai.19. Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months.20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文，完成下列内容。

2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷Part I Listening(第一部分听力)1. Listening comprehension(听力理解)(共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)1、________2、_________3、__________4、__________5、__________6、__________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)7. A)Apple. B)Banana.C) Orange . D)Pear.8.A)At8:45. B)At 9:00.C)At9:15. D)At 9:00.9. A)By bus. B)By bike.C) By car. D)By underground.10. A)Rainy. B) Cloud y.C)Sunny. D )Windy.11. A)Visit his uncle. B)Visit his classmates.C) Go to London. D) Go to a language camp.12. A)In a store. B)At home.C) At the cinema. D)In a restaurant.13.A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient.C)Shop assistant and customer. D)Teacher and student.14. A) Talk to Lucy. B)Go to the supermarket.C) Eat more. D)Lose some weight.C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false TF 列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)15. Mary has just become a college student.16. Simon doesn’t enjoy classroom discussions.17. Mary has nothing interesting to do after class.18. Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai.19. Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months.20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。

2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷I (第一部分听力)1. (听力理解)(共30分)A. (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)1、2、3、4、5、6、B. (根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)7. A). B).C) . D).8)8:45. B) 9:00.C)9:15. D) 9:00.9. A) . B) .C) . D) .10. A). B) .C). D ).11. A) . B) .C) . D) a .12. A) a . B) .C) . D) a .13) . B) .C) . D) .14. A) . B) .C) . D) .C. 列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)15. a .16. ’t .17. .18. .19. .20. a .D. （听短文，完成下列内容。

每空格限填一词)(10分)21. a 's .22. . .23. . .24. .25. .2 ,第二部分语语音、语法和词汇. (选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)26, ？A) B) C) D)27. ! .A) a B) C) D)/28 a . .A) B) C) D)29. 2018 .A) B) C) D)30. a 't .A) B) C) D)31. . , .A) B) C) D)32. .A) B) C) D)33. . .A) B) C) D)34. I ?, .A)’t B)’t C)’t D)’t35. a .A) B) C) D)36. .A) B) C) D)37. . 't .A) B) C) D)38. .A) B) C) D)39. . .A) B) C) D)40. .A) B) C) D)41. .A) B) C) D)42. !A) B) a C) D)43. .A) B) C) D)44. 'm .-A) . B)'s a . C) . D)45- 's a .A)I' .B)I'd .C) ?D) a ?. . (将下列词填入空格。

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)考生注意：答题前•务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名•并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位直上•在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I.LiStening COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: In SeCtiOn A, you Will hear ten ShOrt conversations between two SPeakerS・ At the end Of each COnVerSation, a question WilI be asked about WhOt WaS said. The conversations and the questions Will be SPOken Only OnCe・ After you hear a COnVerSatiOn and the question about it, read the four POSSible answers On your paper; and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1 ・ A. In a grocery r B. In a Cafe・C. At a tailor s.D. At a toy ShOP( )2. A. He is PleaSed With his job.B.He is not SatiSfied With his WOrk・C.He finds the huge WOrklOad UnbCarable・D.He finds his OffiCe InUCh too big for him.( )3.A・ He is InOSt PrObably CheCking Whether everything is OK.B.He is InOSt PrObablyjUmPing from the desk・C.He is most PrObably repairing the desk・D.He is InOSt PrObably Changing the bulb・( )4. A. £200. B. £300. J C. £600・ D. £700.( )5. A. IFs difficult for the WOman to get the job if She takes the inten f iew.B.ThC WOman Can get the job if She takes the interview.C.The WOman has IeSS ChanCe to get the job than OtherS・D.The WOlnan ShOUld WOrk harder from now On if She WantS to get the job.( )6. A. The man drinks t∞ InUCh Wine・B.ThC man drinks Iittle Wine・C.The bed is t∞ soft.D.The bed is too hard・( )7. A. He may Change the Shirt because it,s too Iarge・B.He may Change the Shirt because it,s too SmalI・C.He doesn't Iike the COlOr Of the shirt.D.He IikeS the shirt.( )& A. TO PUt him to another flight.B.TO arrange the next flight.C.TO take him to SOmeWhere・D.TO arrange his accommodation.( )9. A. The news On TV.B.Many PeOPle Canle to the new hotel.C.It is difficult for PeOPle to find a job.D.The man Still has got a job.( )10. A. The WOman thinks it easy to Ieanl PhySiCS・B.ThC WOman is good at PhySiCS.C.ThC man thinks PrOfeSSOr Smith explained the PhySiCS PrOblenl Very Clearly.D.The man can,t UnderStand the PhySiCS problem.SeCtiOn BDirections: In SeCtiOn B you Will hear two ShOrt passages, and One IOnger conversation ,after each PaSSage・ The PaSSageS Or COnVerSatiOn you WiIl be asked SeVeral questions, the PaSSageS and the COnVerSatiOn WilI be read twice, but the questions WiII be SPOken Only OnCe・ When you hear a question, read the four POSSible answers On your PaPer and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.QUeStiOnS 11 through 13 are based On the following PaSSage・( )11∙ A. SPain. B. FranCe C. AmeriCa D. England・( )12・ A. ViSitOrS ShOllldnI OVerlOOk it because it SUffered a IOt in history.B.Saint AUgUStine is the OIdeSt City in the nation.C.FlOrida WaS ruled by SPaniSh Until the UnitCd StateS took OVer it.D.ManyViSitOrS SUPPOrt the Florida's COaSt recovery for its beauty.( )13. A. Florida,s AtlantiC coast.B.St. Augustine1S history.C.SPaniSh COntrOl OVer FlOrida.D.SPaniSh history・QUeStiOnS 14 through 16 are based On the following talk・( )14. A. A IOSt PrOPCrty OffiCe in EUrOPe・B. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in LOndOn・C. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in TOkyo.D.PaUl Cowan,s office.( )15・ A. LOSt items become the PrOPerty Of transport for LOndOn.B.LOSt items are taken good Care Of by COWan,s team・C.AlnlOSt all Of the IOSt items Were returned to their OWnerS・D.TWenty PerCent Of the IOSt items are CIamled iιι three months' tmιe.( )16・ A. BeCaUSe they think their IOSt ShOeS are USeleSS.B.BeCaUSe they have already bought new ShOeS・C.BeCaUSe they WOUld Iike to get a new pair.D.BeCaUSe they can,t find their IOSt ShOeS・QUeStiOnS 17 through 20 are based On the following COnVerSatiOn・( )17・ A. She is HlOSt PrObabIy bargaining for a house.B.ShC is InOSt PrObably ViSiting One Of her friends・C.ShC is most PrObably IOOking for a house・D.She is most PrObably COntaCting her bank for a house・( )18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A Wine StOrage area.C.ThC floor COVering・D.The relaxing COlOrS Of the wall.B.The PriCe is too high.D.The Offer is unfair.19. A. The PriCe is reasonable.( )20. A. The WOman Will buy the house because the PriCe isreasonable・B.ThC house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom・C.Tlle inside Of the house is better than the OUtSide・D.The WOlnan IikeS the house SO much that She Will buy it.II.Grammar and VOCabUIarySeCtiOn ADireCtions: After reading the PaSSageS below, fill in the blanks to make r the PaSSageS COherent and grammatically COrreCt FOr the blanks With a given word, fill in each blank With the PrOPer form Of the given word; for the Other blanks, USe One WOrCl that best fits each blank ・A COmPrehenSiVe StUdy Of 4, 500 Children COndUCted by the NatiOnal InStitUteS Of Health in 2018ShOWS that Children WhO SPent more than SeVen hours a day Staring at SCreens ShOWed evidenee Of PrematUre thinning Of their brain's COrte×-the OUter Iayer that PrOCeSSeS SenSOry information. "We don't know if it _____ 21 ___ (CaUSe) by the SCreen time・ We don't know yet if it's bad thing・ It WorVt beUntil We follow them OVer time _______ 22 ____ We WiIl See if there are OUtCOmeS that are associated Withthe differences that We l re Seeing in this Single Snapshot∕ Dr. Gaya DOWIing・"What We Can Say is that this is __________ 23 ____the brains IOOk Iike Of kids WhO SPend a IOt Of time On SCreenS・ And it's not just One pattern/'The PrObIem isn't just SCreens 24 » but also the Way SCreenS tempt kids (and adults) away from SOmething far more important: PhySiCal activity・ MOre than 23 PerCent Of adults and 80 PerCent Of adolescents don,t get enOugh PhySiCal activity, and according to a 2019 report from the WOrld HeaIth Organization・(WHO), these PatternS Of activity and rest arise ___________________________________________________ 25 __ habits We develop early "What We really need to do is _________ 26 _____ (bring) back PIay for ChiIdrer√" SayS Dr. JUanain IifeZa WHO SPeCialiSt in ChildhOOd ObeSity and PhySiCal activity, in a Statement about new WHO guidelines WiIliamSOnzissued in APril 2019・ ThiS is about making the Shift from Sedentary time to playtime, While 27 (PrOteCt) SIeeP・ Of COUrSeChildren aren't COmPIeteIy to blame for their SCreenzaddiction ・Sometimes, the Parents ________ 28 ___ COmPIain about the role Of SCreens in family Iife are just asguilty Of SPending too much time in front Of one. A 2016 StUdy ________ 29 ____ (COndUCt) by COmmOn SGnSeMedia found that ParentS SPend UP to nine hours a day in front Of SCreens，mostly not for WOrk-related reasOns. WhiIe 78 PerCent Of ParentS Said they believed they Were good SCreen time role models, the StUdy found a discOnnect between their behavior and their PerCePtiOn Of their behavior. ParentS need to Iimit SCreen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ________________________________________ 30 ____ it means PIaying the bad guy.OUr mental and PhySiCal health depends On it.21. ____________ 22. _______________ 23. _____________ 24. ________________ 25. _______________2& _____________ 27.________________ 2& _______________ 29. ________________ 30. _______________SeCtiOn BDireCtions: FiIl in each blank With a PrOPer WOrd ChOSen from the box. EaCh WOrel Can be USed OnlySOnIe VerV αAmerican^ WOrdS COme from ChmeSeVWe WiIl On a recent program, We told you the StOrieS Of English WOrdS borrowed from Other IangUageS・ TOdayrtell you abOUt WOrdS that English HaS taken from Chinese・Many Of the ChineSe WOrdS that are now Part Of English Were borrowed IOng ago. They are most Often from CantOnese Or Other ChineSe IangUageS rather than Mandarin.Let⅛ Start With kowtow.kowtowThe EngIiSh WOrd kowtow is a Verb that means to agree too easily to do What SOmeOne else WantS you to do, Or to Obey SOmeOne With POWer in a Way that SeemS _____________________________ 31 ____ ・ It COmeS from the CantOneSe WOrd kau tau, WhiCh means "knock your head." It refers to the act Of kneeling and IOWering OnJS HeaCl as a Sign Of respect to __________________ 32 ___ — SUCh as emperors, elders and IeaderS・ In the CaSe OfBritair√s King GeOrge III emperors, the act required the PerSOn to touch their head to the ground・ In 1793zSent LOrd GeOrge MaCartney and Other trade ambassadors to China to __________________________ 33 ___ a trade agreement・ The ChineSe asked them to kowtow to the QianIOng Emperor. AS the StOry goes, LOrd MaCartney refused for his ________________________ 34 ___ to do more than bend their knees・ He Said that WaS all they Were required to do for their OWn king・It is not SUrPriSing. then. that MaCartney Ieft China WithOUt negotiating the trade agreement. After that, CritiCS USed the WOrd kowtow When anyone WaS too SUbmiSSiVe to China. Today, the USage has no COnneCtiOn to China, nor any SPeCifiC POIitiCal COnneCtiOn.gung-hoAnOther borrowed WOrd that Came about through __________ 35 ____ between two nations is gung-ho. InEngIiSh・ the WOrd gung∙ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing SOmething. The ChineSe CharaCterS zz gδng,z and a h6,' together mean ZZ WOrk together, COOPerate/' The Original term —gδngy⅛ h6zuδsh(i — means ChineSe IndUStrial COOPeratiVeS. The OrganiZatiOnS Were established in the 1930s by WeSternerS in China to PrOmOte industrial and economic development.Lt・ COlOnel EVanS CarISOn Of the United StateS Marine^ COrPS- ObSerVed these COOPeratiVeS WhiIe he WaS in China. He WaS impressed, Saying "•…all the SOldierS _______________ 36 ____ themselves to One idea and WOrked together to PUt that idea over/ He then began IlSing the term gung∙ho in the Marine COrPS to try to Create the Same SPlrit he had ____________________ 37 ___ ・ In 1942, He USed the WOrd as a training SIOgan for the2nd Marine Raider BattaliOn during WOrId War II. The men Were Often CaIIed the Zz GUng H O Battalion/' FrOm ther‰its meaning has no relation to the military.the WOrd gung-ho SPread as a SIOgan the Marine COrPS・ TOdayztyphoonIn EngliSha typhoon is a Very POWerfUl and _________ 38 ___ StOrm that OCCUrS around the China Seafand in the SOUth PaCifiC・ The WOrd history Of typhoon had a far IeSS ClireCt Path to the English IangUage than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the Same・ But, according to the Merriam-WebSter NeW BOOk Of WOrd Histories, the first typhoOnS reported in the English Ianguage Were in India and Were CaIIed Zz tOUffOns" Or ZZ tUfans∕ The WOrd tufan Or al-tufan is ArabiC and means ViOIent StOrm Or flood・ ThG EngliSh Came across this WOrd in India and borrowed it as touffon.EngliShmen Iearned the CantOnese Word LateG When English ShiPS encountered ViOIent StOrmS in the China Seaztai fung, WhiCh means ZZ great wind." The word's 39 to touffon is Only by chance. The modern form Of the WOrd —typhoon — WaS in(IUenCed by the CantOneSe but ___________________________________________________ 40 _____ to make it appear more Greek・31. ____________ 32. ______________ 33. ______________ 34. _______________ 35. _______________36. ____________ 37. _______________ 38. _______________ 39. _______________ 40. _______________III.Reading COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: FOr each blank in the following PaSSage there are four WOrdS Or PhraSeS marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank With the WOrd Or PhraSe that best fits the COnteXt ・When 17-year-old ClUattrO MUSSer hangs OUt With friends, they don't Ckink beer Or CrUiSe around in CarS Withthey StiCk to G-rated activities SUCh as rock-climbing Or talking about their dates. _________________ 41 ___Zbooks ・They are in good COmPany, according to a new StUdy ShOWing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had IOng been Seen as rites Of PaSSage into ______________________________ 42 _____ .The study, PUbIiShed TUeSday in the journal Child DeVelOPment, found that the PerCentage Of adolescents in the U・S・WhO have a driver's IiCense, WhO HaVe tried alcohol, WhO date, and WhO WOrk for Pay has PlUmmeted SinCe 2976, With the most PreCiPitOUS _____________________________ 43 ____ i n the PaSt decade・ The declines appeared across race, geographic, and SOCiOeCOnOrniC lines, and in rural, Urbar‰ and SUbUrban areas・TO be sure, more than HaIf Of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___ 44 _____ HaVe SIimmed COnSiderablyBetWeen 1976 and 1979, 86 PerCent Of high SChOOl Seniors had gone On a date; between 2010 and 2015zOr more boring, "but Only 63 PerCent PeOPIe sa½ Oh, it,s because teenagers are more responsible, Or more IaZyzIead author Of thethey're _________________________________ 45 ____ t he Iarger trend," Said Jean TWengezkids may be IeSS 46 instudy, WhiCh drew On SeVen Iarge time-Iag SUrVeyS Of AmeriCans. RatheG She Saidzactivities SUCh as dating, driving Or getting jobs because in today' S society.ACCOrding to an evolutionary PSyChOIOgy theory that a PerSOn l S "life strategy" SIOWS down Or SPeedS UPexposure to a ZZ harSh and UnPrediCtable,' GnVirOnmentdepending On HiS Or her ___________________ 47 ___ZIeadS to faster development, While a more resource-rich and SeCUre enVirOnment has the ________________ 48 ____ effect, the StUdy Said・ In the first ___ 49 ____ » "You'd have a IOt Of kids and be in SUrViVal mode, Starthavi ng kids you ng, expect your kids WiIl have kids young, and expect that there Will be more ________ 50 ____ and fewer resources/ Said TWengea PSyChOIOgy PrOfeSSOr at San DiegO State UniVerSity WhO is the author Of Zz iGen;zWhy Today's SUPer-COnnected KidS Are GrOWing UP LeSS Rebellious, MOre TOlerant, LeSS HaPPy —and COmPletely UnPrePared for Adulthood・Zz the goal back then WaSA Century ago, WhGn Iife expectancy WaS IOWer and COlIege education IeSS PreValentZSUrViVaL not ViOlin IeSSOnS by 5/ TWenge Said・ In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 51 about marriage, and ClriVing a Car and WOrking for Pay WOUld be important forZZ eStabliShing mate ValUe based On PrOCUrement Of resources/ the StUdy said.BUt AmeriCa is Shifting more toward the _______ 52 ___ model, and the Change is apparent across the SOCiOeCOnOmiC spectrum, TWenge said. ZZ EVen in families WhOSe ParentS didn't HaVe a COllege education..・ familiesare SmalIeG and the idea that Children need to be CarefUIly ________________________________ 53 ____ has really SUnk in." The _______ 54 ___ Of "adult activities'7 COUld not be attributed to more homework Orextracurricular activities, the StUdy Saidznoting that teens today SPend fewer HOUrS On HOmeWOrk and the Same amount Of time On extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( With the exception Of COmmUnity service, WhiCh hasrisen Slightly). NOr COUld the USe Of SmartPhOneS and the Internet be Gntirely the 55Z the report SaidZSinCethe decline began before they Were Widely available・ Ifthe delay is to make room for CreatiVe exploration and forming better SOCial and emotional COnnectionszit is a good thing, he Said・( ) 41. A. TherefOre B. Rather C. MOreOVer D. BeSideS( ) 42. A. ChiIdhOOd B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood( ) 43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. ChangeS( ) 44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts( ) 45. A. taking B. avoiding C.Sending D. missing( ) 46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized( ) 47. A. emotions B. SUrrOUndingS C. CUStOmS D. habits( ) 48. A. WrOng B. Same C. OPpOSitC D. Sinlilar( ) 49. A. event B. issue C. CaSe D. OeCaSiOn( ) 50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases( ) 51. A・ respectively B. delicatelyC. SeriOUSlyD. COnSidCrably( ) 52. A. SlOWer B. better C. Smaller D. faster( ) 53. A. emphasized B. related C. OrganiZCd D. educated( ) 54. A. implement B. POStPOnementC. achievementD. Payment( ) 55. A. CaUSe B. impact C. fact D. resultSeCtiOn BDireCtions: Read the following three PaSSageS・ EaCh PaSSage is followed by SeVeral questions Or UnfiniShed StatementS・ FOr each Of them there are four ChOiCeS marked A f B f C Ond D. ChOOSe the One that fits best according to the information given in the PaSSage you have just read.BitCOin and Other SO CalIed CryPt CUrrenCieS have been all OVer the news lately. APParentl½ the idea Of money that's not tied to a SPeCifiC bank —Or a SPeCifiC COUntry —is appealing to many. BUt it's WOrth remembering that the banking SyStem that We now all IiVe With is just that: A modern invention. NOt SO IOng ago, money WaS almost always Created and USed locally, and bartering WaS COmmon. (In fact, it S廿Il is COmmOn among many OnIine IOCal networks, Iike the BUy NOthing Project.)・In the past, money's makeup Varied from PIaCe to place, depending On What WaS COnSidered ValUabIe there・ SO While SOme Ofthe world's first COinS Were made from a naturally OCCUrring hybrid Of gold and SilVer CalIed electrum,ObjeCtS Other than COinS have SerVed as CUrrency, inClUding beads, ivor½ IiVeStOCkzand COWrie ShellS・ In WeStAfriCazbracelets Of bronze Or COPPer Were USed as cash, especially if the transaction WaS associated With theSlaVe trade there・ ThrOUghOUt the COlOnial PeriOdZtobacco WaS USed in IieU Of COinS Or PaPer bills in Virginia,Maryland and NOrth CarOlinazeven though it WaS USed elsewhere in the COlOnieS and extensively throughout EUrOPe and the U.K.Today, On an island in the PaCifiCza SPeCifiC type Of SheIl StiII SerVeS as CUrrenCy — and SOme PeOPIe there are even hoarding it, just Iike BitCOin moguls, COrWinCed that One day, it WiIl make them Wealthy beyOnd imagination. On MaIaita, the most- POPUlated island that's Part Ofthe SOlOmOn Islands, SheIIS are accepted at most PIaCeS in "How much tuna you Can get for your ShelIS depends On their COIOr and shape/ Mary BrUno, a ShOP OWnGrfrom the SmaIl town Of AUkiz On Malaitaztold ViCe・"One StriP Of darker SheIIS might get you about two CanS OfSmaIler tuna, but the red OneS are WOrth more, FOr the red OneszOne StriP might get enoUgh tuna to feed a big family for a IOng time・JUSt Iike a mint that CreateS coins, there' S OnlyOne PIaCe On the ISIand Where the ShelISZWhiCh are POIiShedand StrUng together to form 3-foot」Ong ropes, are made・(YOU Can See how that WOrkS in the VideO above.) The StriPS Of red, white, and black SheIIS all COme from Langa Langa LagOon, Where artificial islands Were IOng-ago built by IOCaIS to escape from the island-dwelling Cannibals・ OnCG maroOned OUt On their islands, locals needed a CUrrency to USe among themselves, and SO the Shell CUrrenCy WaS born.USing SheIIS for money WaS COmmOn throughout the PaCifiC islands as Iate as the early 1900s, but Malaita is UniqUe in that they are StiIl USed today. And just Iike CryPtO CUrrencies, there are those WhO think the islanders are Smart to invest in this type Of money, WhiCh is reported to have risen in VaIUe OVer the IaSt three decades・It might Seem Strange to hoard a bunch Of PrOCeSSedStrUng∙togGthGr SheIls, but What is a PiIe Of dollars? JUStZa SPeCiaIIy Printed PieCe Of PaPer and hemp that we,ve assigned ValUe to — and PrObably IeSS durable OVer time than those ShelIS・( )56. ACCOrding to the passage, WhiCh Of the following is TRUE?A.MOney WaS Created and WaS Widely USed in the WOrld.B.TObaCCO WaS USed as COinS Or PaPer bills in AmCriCan in the past.C.The ingredients Of WOrld,s first COinS may be the COmbinatiOn Of gold and SilVe匚ing ShelIS for money has been OUt Of date in the WOrId.( )57. The WOrd fc nιiιιt'' In ParagraPh 4 is ClOSeSt iιι the meaning to U_______________ ” ・A. a kind Of InOney that Can exchangeB.the IeaVeS Of a mint Plant USed fresh Or CandiedC. a PlaCe to PrOdUCe and POIiSh ShellSD. a factory that PrOdUCeS CUrrenCy( )58. WhafS OPiniOn Of the author towards ShellS for money?A.ReaSOnable.B. IInaginary.C.COnVenient.D. Invcntivc・( )59. WhiCh Of the following Inight be the best title Of the passage?A.The HiStOry Of BitCOinB. ShellS Still MOneyC. The CUrrenCy IS Of Great USeD. SOme ShellS(B)HOW DO VOU MOVe a Giant Sequoia?The IOgiStiCS Of e×cavating (挖拥)and relocating town's Century-old z IiVing SeqUOia(红杉)tree. Inhabitants Of BOiSeIdaho, WatChed With trepidatiOn earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks z・ The 105-year-old SeqUOia tree SerVeS as a IOCal Iandmark Z not Only for its IOngeVity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra CIUb COfOUnder JOhn MUir PrOVideCl the Original Seedling. SOWhen Saint LUke l S HeaIth SyStemZfound that the IO-StOry-tall-conifer(针叶树) StOOd in the Way Of its PIanned hospital CaIled tree∙moVing firm EnVirOnmGntai DeSign.The TeXaS-based COmPany has developed and Patented SCOOPing and Iifting tech noIOgy to move massive trees・OOO POUnds, the BOiSe SeqUOia is its IargeSt Undertaking yet・"I [had] IOSt enOUgh Weighing in at more than 800zSleeP OVer this/ SayS DaVid Cox, the COmPany's WeStern regiOn ViCe PreSident —and that WaS before the HOSPital mentiOngd the tree's distinguished Origin. BefOre the heavy Ii fting begar‰ the team assessed the root SyStem and dug a five∙foot∙deep Cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diametec around the trunk to PrOteCt all essential roots・After enCaPSUIating the root ball in Wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new SitUa 廿On for SeVen mon ths before relocating it. The illustratiOn details What followed・一LeSlie NemO1. Mark A・Merit and HiS team at ErWirOnmental DeSign inStalIed Underneath the root ball a PIatfOrm Of44-foot」Ong SteeIbarS and, just below the rods, a first Set Of Uninflated airbags ( ShOWn in SeVen-inch-diameterzgray).The team also dug a ShaIIOW ramp・2・ In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the SUrfaCe Of the hole・3.By Underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the PlatfOrm Carrying the tree to roll UP the ramp and OUt Of the hole WhiIe Staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back Of the PIatfOrm and replaced them in the front. They repeated the PrOCeSS Until the tree arrived at the edge Of its new home・4.There a SeCOnd Set Of PartiaIly inflated bags (ShOWn in White) Waited inSide the hole・ SOil SUrrOUnding the SeqUOia in its Original Iocation WaS relocated as well, because trees are more IlkeIy to SUrViVe a transplantWhen they move With their Original SOil・ing the first Set Of airbags, the movers rolled the PIatfOrm into the new hole・6・The bags Waiting there Were then inflated further to take the Weight Of the SeqUOia While the transportation bags Were deflated and removed from Under the tree・7. The White bags Were then deflated in about half an hour to IOWer the SeqUOia,s root ball to the bottom Of its hole, The bags Were removed, but the metal bars Were Ieft With the tree because they rust and degrade OVer a number Of years・8・ FOr the next five years the IOCal Park SerViCe WiIl monitor and maintain the tree in its new home ・( )60. WhiCh Of the following WOrdS Can be USed to replace the WOrdS Ilnderlined "stood in theWaY of"?A.ReSiStedB. BaIanCedC. Blocked.D. Promoted.( )61. What is the reasOn for the relocation Of SeqUOia trees?A.BeCaUSe the SCOOPing and Iifting technology ShOUld be PUt into USe・B.BeCaUSe it blocks IOCal hospital expansion PlanS・C.BeCaUSe it COrrCSPOndS to govcmment,s Plan Of EnVirOnmental DeSign・D.BeCaUSe SeqUOia trees are OVer a hundred years Old・( )62. HOW Will the migrated SeqUOia trees be dealt with?A.They Will be given new SOil in the new IiVing environment.B.Metal rods USed to move SeqUOia trees Will not be Ieft On the trees.C.They Will be kept in transport bags all the time・D.They Will be managed by SPeCiaIiStS in the next five years・UIIderStand the ECOIlOIniC COnCePt Of a BUdget LineThe term Zz bUdget line,z has SeVeral related meaningsincluding a COUPIe that are SeIf- evident and a thirdzthat is not.The budget Iine as an InfOrmaI COnSUmer UnderStandingThe budget Iine is an elementary ConCePt that most ConSUmerS UnderStand intuitively WithOUt a need for graphs a nd equations — it's the HOUSehOld budget, for example ・Taken informally, the budget Iine describes the bOUndary Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・GiVen a Iimited amount Of money，a COnSUmer CZn OnIy SPend that Same amount buying goods. If the COnSUmer has X amount Of money and WantS to buy two goods A and BShe Can OnIy PUrChaSe goods totaling X. If the COnSUmerzShe Can then SPend OnIy 0.25 X, the amount remaining, On her PUrChaSe Of B. needs an amount Of A COSting 0.75zThiS SeemS almost too ObViOUS to bother Writing Or reading about・ AS it turns out, however; this Same COnCePt-One that most COnSUmerS make many 廿mes each day With reflecting On it-is the basis Of the more formal budget Iine COnCePt in economics, WhiCh is explained below・LineS in a BUdgetBefOre turning to the econOmiCS definitiOn Of budget Iin巳COnSider another COncept: the line-item budget ・ ThiS is effectively a map Of future expenditures, With all the COnStitUent expenditures individually noted anda budget Iine is One Of the IinGS in the budget, quantified・ There1 S nothing Very COmPliCated about this USageZWith the SerViCe Or good to be PUrChaSed named and the COSt quantified,The BUdget Line as an ECOnOmiCS COnCePtOne Of the interesting WayS the StUdy Of GCOnO mics relates to huma n behavior gen erally is that a IOt Of economic theory is the formalizatiOn Of the kind Of SimPIe COnCePt OUtlined above — a COnSUmer l S informal UnderStanding Of the amount She has to SPencl and What that amount Will buy.In the PrOCeSS Of formalization, the ConCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equatiOn that Can be applied generally・A SimPIe BUdget Line GraPhTO Understand this, think Of a graph Where the VertiCal Iines quanUfy how many movie tickets, you Can buy and Where the horizontal IineS do the Same for Crime novels・ YOU Iike going to the movies and reading Crime novels In the example below, assume that each movie COStS $10 and each Crime noVel COStS $15and you have $ 150 to SPendz・ The more formal economics term for these two items is budget Set・If movies COSt $ 10 each, then the maximum number Of movies you Can See With the money available is 15. TO note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme Ieft-Hand Side Of the Chart ・ ThiS Same dot appears at the extreme Ieft above "O" On the horizOntai axis because you have no money Ieft for books — the number Of books available in this example is O. YOU Can also graph the Other extreme — all Crime noVeIS and no movies. SinCe Crime noVeIS in the example COSt $15 and you have $150 available, if you SPend all the available money Crime novels, you Can buy 10. SO you PUt a dot On the horizOntal axis at the nUmber 10.You'll PIaCe the dot at the bottom Of the VertiCal axis because in this inStanCe you HaVe $0 available for movie tickets.rightmost dot you'll have Created a If you now draw a Iine from the highest, IeftmOSt dot to the IOWeStzbudget Iine・Any COmbination Of movies and Crime novels that falls below the budget Iine is affordable. Any COmbinatiOn above it is not.( )63. WhiCh SentenCe about the budget Iine is NOT TRUE?A.It is IimitatiOn Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・B.MOSt COStUmerS WiIl be COnfUSGd With this COnCePt because Of its complex.C・ It is the effectively a map Of (UtUre expenditures・D.It Can be expressed as a mathematical, equation.)64. What is the PUrPOSe Of the passage?A.TO tell US any COnCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equation・B.TO HeIP US figure OUt the meaning BUdget Line・C・ TO tell US We ShOUld budget before We buy goods・D・ TO give an instruction Of ClraWing a budget Line・$15, you have $150.WhiCh is RIGHT according )65. ASSUme that each movie COStS 10 and each Crime novel COStSzto this passage?A.The maximum number Of movies you Can See is 10.。

年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共小题。

每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。

每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。

2018上海市高考英语试题（含解析）-一般过去时，故填did。

Passage B33 本题考查冠词用法。

由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。

34 本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据…and looks like a mini shop可知首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。

35 本题考查非限定性定语从句。

根据句式结构可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。

36 本题考查反身代词。

根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。

故填myself。

37 本题考查形容词比较级。

该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。

由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加more。

38 本题考查考查动词时态。

根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。

故正确答案为has forced。

39 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。

根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”，故用现在分词urging。

40 本题考查介词用法。

根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知，该空填to。

Section B。

2014年上海市普通高中学业水平考试英语试卷考生注意：1．本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括选择题和非选择题两种题型。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

选择题（第1-3小题、8-17小题、28-48小题）的作答必须全部涂写在答题纸上相应的区域。

非选择题（第4-7小题、18-27小题、49-57小题及写作部分）的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

I. Listening Comprehension (共10分)Section A (共6分，每小题2分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear one short passage, and you will be asked three questions on the passage. The passage will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1 through 3 are based on the following passage.1. A. To give animals a home. B. To seek pleasure.C. To create a public zoo.D. To study animals.2. A. They are bigger in size. B. More special animals are kept there.C. They are more nature-like.D. More baby animals are born there.3. A. The development of zoos. B. The origin of zoos.C. The founder of zoos.D. The variety of zoos.Section B (共4分，每小题1分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear one conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 4 through 7 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共30分)Section A (共10分，每小题1分)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.8. The two sisters were so busy last night that _____ of them had time to look after the baby.A. eitherB. neitherC. anyD. none9. _____ Eric likes most about Shanghai is probably its wide variety of food.A. ThatB. WhereC. WhichD. What10. Whether or not your role models are famous, they should be people worth _____.A. to copyB. to be copiedC. copyingD. being copied11. Some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, _____ the parents try hard to control them.A. even ifB. as thoughC. now thatD. in case12. Harry _____ to take violin lessons when a friend of his father’s played for him.A. inspiredB. inspiresC. was inspiredD. is inspired13. In the novel by Peters, _____ the film is based, the main character is a teenager.A. from whomB. with whomC. on whichD. in which14. Scientists are studying animals to look for proof _____ they have feelings similar to ours.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. which15. In the afternoon, Tom and Jerry sat side by side, _____ how they could solve that problem.A. discussedB. having discussedC. to have discussedD. discussing16. Some parents argue that it is their job to get their kids _____ in community service.A. to involveB. involvedC. involvingD. involve17. I think it is always the people who have the same culture _____ can share their feelings.A. whichB. whatC. asD. thatSection B (共10分，每小题1分)Directions: Read the text below. Use the word given in the brackets to form a word that fits in the space.It was a rainy morning two years ago. Shirley Huxham was cycling 18 (gentle) downhill. As she waved to a friend, her bike slid uncontrollably on the wet road, throwing her to the ground. “I’d never even thought of buying a helmet,” she says. For months she was partly paralysed (瘫痪) down her left side and still has 19 (healthy) problems today.Some might think that Shirley was just unlucky. How 20 (danger) can it be to fall from a bicycle? In fact, e ach year on Britain’s roads more than 200 people are killed and at l east 4,000 seriously injured on bicycles. But these numbers don’t tell the whole story: the majority of the21 (die) and injured were not wearing helmets.A study of bicycle accidents in the US found that helmets could 22 (reduction) the risk of serious head injury by 85 percent. Yet it is estimated that in Britain, no more than five percent of bicycle 23 (ride) wear helmets. Why don’t more cyclists wear 24 (they)?People think that helmets look foolish, that they’re 25 (convenient), and that accidents only happen to other people.One of the wrong ideas bicyclists have is that lower speeds can put them at 26 (little) risk than motorcyclists, who are legally obliged to wear helmets. In fact, according to a British report, a higher percentage of bicyclists than motorcyclists suffer head injuries. And their injuries can be just as severe.Helmets, however, can make a big 27 (different). Shirley wasn’t just unlucky. If she had worn a helmet, she wouldn’t have spent months in hospital. Why take the risk?Section C (共10分，每小题1分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You get an e-mail from your friend. It says Bill Gates will send you cash if you just click on a certain Web page. Your friend swears this is official, and that his friend says it 28 . Will you believe it?Stories like that are known as urban legends (传说). They are called this 29 they are like old country folk tales, but told in a modern city context.Why do people tell urban legends? Why do listeners believe them? 30 is true of many legends, there is usually a grain of truth in an urban legend that seems to confirm it. That small seed of truth helps keep the story alive. 31 , many urban legends are meant to serve as warnings to children and teens. This fact could explain why a lot of urban legends are 32 : Do not take candy from strangers, because it might have poison in it.Some urban legends, however, reflect what people want to believe. After the disastrous Asian tsunami(海啸) of 2004, for example, one heart-warming tale spread around the world.33 the story, elephants near a Thai resort sensed that the huge waves were coming. They led people to high ground and went back into the floodwaters 34 other people. The Denver Post was one of many newspapers to 35 this story: “Elephants became superheroes, raising people with their trunks and pulling them from harm’s way.” There were elephants near the resort, and they did move to higher ground as the waves came ashore—but that is all that 36 be confirmed. The rest is wishful thinking.With quick access to the Internet today, it is easy to spread urban legends, but it is also easy to fight them. Remember your friend’s e-mail mentioned earlier? 37 to , the Internet headquarters for sorting out truth from fiction, and you will find it is false. Next time you hear what sounds like an urban legend, take some time to stop and think and maybe even do some research. The story may be true, but it might just be an urban legend.28. A. rises B. works C. survives D. improves29. A. because B. once C. until D. unless30. A. What B. That C. It D. As31. A. Personally B. Suddenly C. Previously D. Actually32. A. interesting B. boring C. frightening D. confusing33. A. According to B. In spite of C. Due to D. In case of34. A. rescued B. to rescue C. having rescued D. to be rescuing35. A. hold up B. pick up C. give up D. look up36. A. can B. must C. shall D. need37. A. Heading B. To head C. Head D. HeadedIII. Reading Comprehension (共30分)Section A(共22分，每小题2分)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Hetty Robinson learnt all about money when very young. As a child, she read the financial pages of the newspaper to her rich father. Her father died when Hetty was 30, and she inherited $1 million. When she herself died in 1916, she left almost $100 million to her two children.Hetty made her money on the New York stock exchange. She was a financial genius. She made money so easily that people called her the Witch of Wall Street. But although she was one of the richest women in the world, she counted every cent and spent as little as possible. She didn’t own a house, because she didn’t want to pay property taxes. So she and her children lived in cheap hotels.She spent almost nothing on clothes, and always wore the same long black dress. She washed it herself, but to save soap she only washed the bottom of the dress, where it touched the ground. Other people had their own offices, but Hetty used a desk in the bank where she kept her money, because it didn’t cost anything. She sat in the bank and ate her sandwiches while sh e bought and sold stocks and shares. If the bank complained, she just moved all her money to another bank.Hetty’s family paid the price for her meanness. When she was 33 she married a millionaire, Edward Green, and they had two children. But Green lost all his money, so she left him. When her son, Ned, injured his knee, Hetty didn’t want to pay for a doctor, so she took him to a free hospital for poor people. Unfortunately the doctor knew Hetty was rich and he asked for money. Hetty refused and took the boy away. His leg got worse and two years later doctors removed it.But eventually Ned got his revenge. At the age of 81 Hetty had an argument with a shop assistant about the price of a bottle of milk. She became so angry that she had a heart attack and died. So Hetty’s meanness finally killed her. Ned inherited half his mother’s fortune, and he spent it all on parties, holidays and expensive jewellery.38. What fact can be learned about Hetty Robinson from the passage?A. She came from a poor family.B. She worked for a bank.C. She was nice to her son.D. She died from extreme anger.39. Hetty Robinson was called the Witch of Wall Street mainly because _____.A. she was fond of reading financial pages of the newspaperB. she made a huge fortune easily through stocks and sharesC. she liked wearing the same long black dress every dayD. she turned out to be the richest woman in New York40. Which of the following best describes Hetty Robinson?A. Talented but not generous.B. Wealthy and kind.C. Aggressive but not diligent.D. Curious and lucky.(B)In 2008, a study was conducted in Hong Kong to find out why some people appeared to be better at public speaking. Three hundred people who were employed in jobs that require an advanced level of public speaking skills were interviewed. The participants included politicians, professors and motivational speakers. The results of the study showed that 77% of the participants reported having parents that encouraged them to ask questions and state their opinions from a young age. Eighty-five percent answered that their parents had repeatedly exposed them to a variety of positive “public speaking” experiences at home. These experiences included practicing speeches, performing dramas and reciting poems.In another study to determine the causes of fear of public speaking, 70% of the participants said they had not had any public speaking opportunities at home. Eighteen percent of the participants had been given such opportunities, but these had resulted in a loss of confidence.One of the participants recalled a painful experience from when he was eight years old. His parents had arranged for him to present his school project about earthquakes to his cousins. As an outgoing boy, he was eager to show off all his hard work, until he forgot a sentence and started to stutter (结巴). His cousins began to laugh at him, and instead of his family encouraging him to continue with his presentation, his father told him to call it a day. The stress of this incident and the feeling of being rejected carried over to school, where he started struggling with his words and went red like a sunset every time he had to speak in front of an audience.From these studies, we can see that the way parents handle their child’s communication efforts and a child’s future attitude towards public speaking can be linked. Not all people are born afraid of public speaking, but rather they grow to be afraid of it due to awful experiences or outside influences. Yet this does not mean they have no control over their fear—because they do.41. According to the study of 2008, _____ were important in making successful public speakers.A. caring professorsB. high motivationsC. encouraging parentsD. original opinions42. In the 3rd paragraph, the expression “call it a day” most probably means _____.A. stopB. respondC. tryD. relax43. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How much exposure to public speaking is proper?B. What kinds of jobs require public speaking skills?C. Is public speaking important for children?D. Are people born afraid of public speaking?44. The paragraph following the last might be about _____.A. more experiences of unsuccessful public speakingB. ways to gain self-confidence in public speakingC. other reasons for failure in public speakingD. features of successful public speaking(C)Here is one of the world’s largest indoor ski-slopes. It covers an area of 22,500m2, about the same size as three football fields, and the temperature is a constant -1℃to -2℃. However, the strangest thing about this place is that it’s in the middle of the desert! It’s called Ski Dubai and the outside temperatures can rise to more than 40℃!It sounds crazy, but it just shows how serious people are about having fun. We spend huge sums on sports facilities. We pay our sports stars ridiculous amounts of money. And we spend hour after hour playing games! I wonder if all the sports-lovers and game-players in the world aren’t a little crazy. I know I am. I was once driving past a football field where some kids were playing. I turned to watch and crashed my car. I know it’s stupid but I can do nothing about it. As someone said, “Football isn’t a matter of life and death. It’s much more important than that!”Of course, it isn’t that important really. No game is. But the problem is that games are addictive(使人上瘾的). From the tennis court to the golf course, you’ll find participants and spectators who can’t live without the drug of their choice. It could be a good thing. After all, despite being addictive, it’s true that sports and games help us to relax. Maybe if it wasn’t for sport, our societies would be more violent. Perhaps sport is a substitute for war? It’s hard to think of a quieter, more peaceful game than chess, and what’s the objective? Capturing your opponent’s king. And surely, it’s better to have wars in athletics stadiums rather than on battlefields.What’s more, playing is natural. Kittens chase balls of wool and puppies pretend to fight. Games help us perfect our skills and prepare us for the serious contest of survival.But do all games help us relax and stay away from violence? What about computer games? A recent article in New Scientist suggests that playing violent video games (and most of them are extremely violent) makes people more aggressive and more likely to commit violent crimes.Are these games a rehearsal (彩排) for life or a substitute for life? Do we play instead of facing up to our real problems? I don’t know. But what I do know is that I need a break. Something to help me relax. Skiing would be nice. I wonder how much it costs to get to Dubai?45. According to the author, the most surprising thing about Ski Dubai is its _____.A. slopesB. sizeC. locationD. facilities46. The expression “the drug of their choice” in the 3rd paragraph refers to _____.A. the game they are keen onB. the medicine they takeC. the activity good for healthD. the sport in place of war47. Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A. Sports stars should be paid more to play well.B. Sports are more important than life and death.C. Chess is too peaceful to be considered a sport.D. Games can make one relaxed as well as violent.48. What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?A. The relationship between games and crimes.B. Human natural craze for having fun with games.C. Serious concerns about time that is spent on games.D. Real problems facing game players in everyday life.Section B (共8分，每小题2分)Directions：Read the following job ad and complete the sentences that follow. Write one word or more in each space.Angela’s Pet Shop:Assistant--------------------------------$10 hourly rate --------------------------------Angela’s Pet Shop recently opened in Bloomington town center,specializing in baby pets. Other pet supplies are also available.Angela is looking for an energetic person to help in the shop on Saturdays.Duties will include:•cleaning cages •serving customers •feeding and exercising pets •answering the telephoneSome training will be offered to successful applicants; however, experienceof keeping baby pets will be an advantage.Please apply by letter, outlining your experience,and giving names of referees (证明人) to:Angela, The Pet Shop, Main Street, Bloomington49. If Angela’s Pet Shop is open for 8 hours every day, the assistant will get $__________ after afull day’s work.50. Angela’s Pet Shop is looking for an assistant who can work for it every __________.51. The assistant’s duties include taking care of pets and dealing with __________ in the shop aswell as on the phone.52. One who has __________ is more likely to be chosen than those who haven’t.IV. Writing (共30分)Section A (共6分，每小题2分)Directions: Complete the following sentences in English according to the sentences given in Chinese.53. 人们用贺卡表达情感并保持联系。

2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷考生注意：1.本卷有7大题,共94小题。

2.试卷满分150分，考试时间100分钟。

3.全部试题均采用连续编号，请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上，做在试卷上一律不给分。

Part I Listening(第一部分听力)1. Listening comprehension(听力理解) (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片) (6分)（2018•上海中考)1、________2、_________3、__________4、__________5、__________6、__________ 1-6 DBAEGFB. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)（2018•上海中考)7. A)Apple. B)Banana.C) Orange . D)Pear.8.A)At8:45. B)At 9:00.C)At9:15. D)At 9:00.9. A)By bus. B)By bike.C) By car. D)By underground.10. A)Rainy. B) Cloudy.C)Sunny. D )Windy.11. A)Visit his uncle. B)Visit his classmates.C) Go to London. D) Go to a language camp.12. A)In a store. B)At home.C) At the cinema. D)In a restaurant.13.A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient.C)Shop assistant and customer. D)Teacher and student.14. A) Talk to Lucy. B)Go to the supermarket.C) Eat more. D)Lose some weight.7-14 CBDAABCDC. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false. (TF下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)（2018•上海中考)15. Mary has just become a college student.16. Simon doesn't enjoy classroom discussions.17. Mary has nothing interesting to do after class.18. Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai.19. Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months.20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China.15-20 TFTTFFD. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文,完成下列内容。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（共118分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.。

上海市2018年中考英语真题试题考生注意:1.本卷有7大题,共94小题2.试卷满分150分。

考试时间100分钟。

3.全部试题均采用连续编号。

请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不给分。

Part I Listening(第一部分听力)1. Listening comprehension(听力理解)(共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)1、________2、_________3、__________4、__________5、__________6、_________ 答案：1-6 D B A E G F解析：1. Alice is always active in mat h lessons.2. We must wear seatbelts when we travel by car.3. Nowadays it is popular to make cookies at home.4. The pretty clothes in the shop cau ght Helen’s eye.5. Cycling is good exercise, isn’t it?6. Jane and her daughter are having a good time in the swimming pool.考点分析：图片配对题，听句子选择恰当的图片。

B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)7. A)Apple.B)Banana. C) Orange. D)Pear.答案：C解析：M: Wow, so many apples here, they are my favorite.W: Yes, apples are good, but I like oranges best.Q: What is the woman’s favorite fruit?考点分析：偏爱和优先选择，根据问题，本题主要侧重女生的表述内容。

2018年上海中考英语真题卷含答案解析2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试英语试卷考生注意：本卷共7大题，94小题，满分150分，考试时间100分钟。

全部试题均采用连续编号。

请将所有答案写在答题纸的指定位置上，不要写在试卷上。

Part I Listening（第一部分听力）1.XXX（听力理解）（共30分）A。

Listen and choose the right picture（根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6分）1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________B。

XXX and choose the best answer to the n you hear（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）7.A) Apple。

B) Banana。

C) XXX) Pear.8.A) At 8:45.B) At 9:00.C) At 9:15.D) At 9:30.9.A) By bus。

B) By bike。

C) By car。

D) By subway.10.A) XXX) Sunny。

D) Windy.11.A) Visit his uncle。

B) Visit his XXX) Go to London。

D) Go to a language camp.12.A) In a store。

B) At home。

C) At the cinema。

D) In a restaurant.13.A) Husband and wife。

B) XXX.14.A) Talk to Lucy。

B) Go to the supermarket。

C) XXX。

D) XXX.C。

XXX are true or false。

(6 points)15.False。

Mary is already a college student.16.True。