山东人教版中考英语专题复习导学案:主谓一致倒装句专题
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中考英语专题—主谓一致、倒装句和简单句一主谓一致主谓一致就是说在一个英语的句子中,主语要和谓语在单复数形式上、语态和时态都要保持一致,主语是单数谓语就是单数,主语是复数谓语就是复数。
如何选择谓语动词使其和主语保持一致,在中考中常考的有四个原则:意义一致原则,就近原则,就远原则和一些其他原则。
1.意义一致原则:近年来中考加强了对英语理解和运用的考察,更加重视对句子意思的理解。
这一原则常需要通过理解句子的意思之后来判断主语是单数还是复数,进而再选择谓语动词的单复数形式,而要熟练掌握这一原则,需要同学们平时不断地积累和练习。
典型的有:(1) A number of students are reading books.这个句子中的主语“a number of students”一大群学生,是复数,a number of大量的,很多的,所以后面要用are;(2)The number of students in our school is 2000.这个句子中the number of什么东西的数量,主语说的是我们学校学生的数量,一个学校的学生数量只能有一个,所以是单数,后面要用is;(3) A pair of shoes is on the table,主语是一双,表示单数,要用is;若换成是two pair of shoes则是复数要用are,类似的还有a bottle of,a piece of 等等;(4)Each boy and each girl has a good teacher每个男孩和女孩都有一个好老师,在这个句子的动词是单数形式,同样的情况还有:every,every...and every....,each,each...each...,someone,somebody,anything,something,nothing,nobody等,遇到这些词汇的时候,谓语都是单数;(5)Either of us is doctor,表示两者中的任何一个都是医生,这里的动词也要用单数,同样的还有:either,neither,another,the other后面的谓语动词是单数。
【中考英语专项复习-(一)语态:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.例如:Many people speak Chinese.\\谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成be的变化表现出来(三)(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:This bridge was founded in 1981。
这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory。
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.(五)被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby—sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
教学资料范本【2020最新】山东英语(人教版)九年级专题复习导学案:主谓一致倒装句专题编辑:__________________时间:__________________主谓一致:谓语动词和主语保持一致。
主谓一致通常有三种原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
(一) 以下情况谓语动词用单数:考点一:动词不定式、动名词、疑问词+不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1)Doing eye exercises _______ good for our eyes. ( be )2) To obey the traffic rules _______ very important. ( be )3) Where to go _____ not been decided. (have)考点二:不定代词somebody / anybody/ everybody/ nobody/ someone / anyone/ anyone / everyone/ something / anything / everything /nothing/ each / every/ either/ neither等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1) No one _____ that fact . (know) 2)Nobody _______that kind of man. ( like )考点三:“形复意单”名词,如:news / grass / politics / physics / maths等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
1) The news ______ so surprising. (be)2) Physics ______ interesting to learn. (be)考点四:表示度量、距离、金额、时间、长度、数学运算等复数名词作主语时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。
中考英语语法专项复习:主谓一致原创不容易,为有更多动力,请【关注、关注、关注】,谢谢!令公桃李满天下,何用堂前更种花。
出自白居易的《奉和令公绿野堂种花》杭信一中何逸冬主谓一致的原则有三个:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
◆一语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词。
如:①My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树下。
②These books are old .这些书是旧的。
1. and和both…and连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
①Mike and John are good friends .迈克和约翰是好朋友。
②Both bread and milk are good for you .面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
2. 主语后接with , as well as , including , besides , except , but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。
①He with his parents is working in the fields .他正和他的父母在地里干活。
②She as well as other students likes playing computer games.她和其他学生一样,也喜欢玩电脑游戏。
3. 当主语前有every . each . either. neither修饰或each . either. Neither 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
如:①Every minute is important to us . 每分钟对我们都很重要。
②Each student has a book .每一个学生都有一本书。
③Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands .每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。
④Either answer is correct .两个答案都是正确的。
主谓一致和倒装主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致,叫主谓一致。
这种关系一般要遵循三个原则:语法上一致的原则;意义上一致的原则和就近一致的原则。
1. 语法一致原则谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致,主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也为复数形式。
如:The boy is clever enough to study maths well. 这个男孩够聪明,可以把数学学好。
Everybody in my class tries to do well in English. 我们班每个人都努力学好英语。
(1)下列情况谓语动词只能用单数:1)不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Water is very important to the trees. 水对树来说非常重要。
2)动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:To improve your English is the most important work.提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
3)不定代词each,one,another,something,somebody,nothing,nobody,everyone,everything,anyone,anything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. 有人在大门口等你。
Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事只怕有心人。
4)如果句子的主语是单数,尽管后面有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except 等引起的短语,谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
人教版中考英语复习专题倒装句难题及答案一、倒装句1.—Will you please go to Mr Zhang's birthday party tomorrow?—_________ if you do.A. So do IB. So will IC. So I doD. So I will【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:—你明天要去参加张先生的生日晚会吗?—如果你去,我就去。
本题考查if引导的条件状语从句,根据主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,so+助动词+主语表示主语也是。
所以选B。
2.—He's never been late for school.—________________.A. So have IB. So am IC. Neither have ID. Nor am I【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:—他从来没有上学迟到过。
—我也没有。
So+助动词+主语,表示主语也是;neither+助动词+主语,表示主语也不是这样;根据上文是现在完成时,这里用助动词have。
根据题意,故选C。
【点评】考查固定句型neither+谓+主。
3.—I'm waiting for the visitors very anxiously.—Look, here ______ these visitors.A. comeB. comesC. goD. goes【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:—我焦急地等待着来访者。
—瞧,这些来访者来了。
A. come动词,来;B. comes动词三单;来;C. go动词,走;D. goes动词三单,走。
根据语义可知,本句为倒装句,主语为these visitors,复数含义,谓语动词使用原形;come here来这里,而不是go here去这里。
故选:A。
【点评】此题考查倒装句。
4.— I've decided to see the film tonight.— .A. So have IB. So do IC. So did ID. So will I【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:——我已经决定了今晚去看这部电影。
中考英语专题复习之主谓一致和倒装句一、主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1.语法一致原则指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。
a.单数名词、不定式、动名词、不定代词、从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;b.主语后接with,along with,as well as,including,besides,like,except,but等短语时,谓语动词的单复数只与介词前的名词有关。
c.常以复数形式出现的名词(shoes,clothes,glasses,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数,但这些名词前被a pair of修饰时,谓语动词需用单数。
d.a number of+名词复数(许多),作主语,谓语用复数;the number of+名词复数(…的数量),作主语,谓语用单数。
e.the +形容词,表示一类人,作主语,谓语用复数;f.a lot of,lots of,plenty of+名词,分数/百分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致;g.在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语,其谓语动词与先行词保持一致;h.在倒装句中,谓语动词应与其后的主语保持一致;i.不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
j.and或both…and…连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
k.单数名词,不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式,复数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式。
2.意义一致原则指谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
a.police,people等作主语时,谓语动词用复数;b.news,physics,maths以及以s结尾的书名、国名作主语时,谓语用单数;c.由and连接的两个名词作主语,指同一概念时,谓语用单数. The doctor and writer is very famous.d.书名、报纸名、国家等复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数;e.one and a half后接名词复数作主语时,谓语用单数;One and a half cakes is a good meal for him.f.表度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词作主语时,通常被看做一个整体,谓语用单数。
山东人教版中考英语专题复习导学案:主谓一致倒装句专题主谓一致:谓语动词和主语保持一致。
主谓一致通常有三种原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
(一) 以下情况谓语动词用单数:考点一:动词不定式、动名词、疑问词+不定式、从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1)Doing eye exercises _______ good for our eyes. ( be )2) To obey the traffic rules _______ very important. ( be )3) Where to go _____ not been decided. (have)考点二:不定代词somebody / anybody/ everybody/ nobody/ someone / anyone/ anyone / everyone/ something / anything / everything /nothing/ each / every/ either/ neither等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
1) No one _____ that fact . (know) 2)Nobody _______ thatkind of man. ( like )考点三:“形复意单”名词,如:news / grass / politics / physics / maths等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
1) The news ______ so surprising. (be)2) Physics ______ interesting to learn. (be)考点四:表示度量、距离、金额、时间、长度、数学运算等复数名词作主语时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数形式。
1)Three years ________ passed since then. (have) 2)Eleven kilometers ______ too far. (be)3) One and a half years ______ passed. (have)考点五:由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但两个单数名词前如有every, each 或no 等词修饰或如果主语是同一个人、同一件事时,谓语动词用单数形式。
1)Every boy and every girl ____ __to help the farmers pick oranges.(want)【中考真题再现】( )1.—How much _____the shoes? –Five dollars_____ enough.(07 山东青岛)A. is; isB. are; isC.are; areD. is ;are( )2. Do you think maths _____ very interesting? A. am B. is C. are D. was( )3. To help patients _____doctors’ duty. A. is B. are C. am D. wereA. findB. thinkC. findsD. thinks(二) 以下情况谓语动词用复数:考点六:名词,如:glasses(眼镜), clothes(衣服), trousers(裤子), shoes(鞋子), chopsticks(筷子), scissors(剪刀)socks(袜子),gloves(手套)等。
但如果主语用“a kind of, a pairof , 等加名词”构成时,谓语动词一般用跟kind, pair保持一致。
1) A pair of shoes _____ on the desk. (be)2)This pair of trousers __________ me. ( not fit)3) Her trousers ______ black. (be)考点七:“the +形容词”作主语,表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数;1) The old _____ taken good care of here. (be)2) The Lius ______ watching TV now.(be)★ 以下情况谓语动词有时用复数,有时用单数:考点八:“分数/百分数+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但“分数/百分数+of+ 不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
1)Two thirds of the workers ______ from Japan.(be)2)One fourth of my homework _____ been finished. (have)考点九:某些集体名词,如family, team, class,, group等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。
但people / police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
1)His family ______a happy one. (be)2)The whole family _____ watching TV. (be)3) People here _____ very friendly. ( be )( )4. The police ___busy looking for the missing child. A.is B. are C. have D. has考点十:half of / some of / most of / a lot of / the rest of/ all of等短语作主语时,谓语动词要与of后的名词保持一致。
1) Most of the students in our school _____ ( go ) to schoolon foot.2) Half of the bread ______ ( be ) dirty.【中考真题再现】(三) 就近原则考点十一:所谓就近原则,是指谓语动词应与它最靠近它的那个主语的单、复形式相一致。
如用连词or(或者),_______________(或者…或者…), _______________ (既不…也不…), _______________ (不但...而且…)等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致,还有______________ 句型。
1) Either your students or Mr. Wang _______this. (know)2)Tom or his brothers _______waiting in the room.(be)3) There _____ a pen, a knife, and several books on the desk.(be)【中考真题再现】( )1.Neither he nor I ___from Japan, that is to say, neither of us_____ Japanese.A. am; areB. are; isC. am ; isD. is; is ( )2. There _____some milk, two eggs and a few cakes on the table.A. isB. areC. hasD. have( )3.There _____ a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A. isB. wasC. areD. were(四) 就远原则考点十二:当主语后面跟有 as well as, ( along / together ) with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数应与as well as 等前面的主语的人称、数相一致。
1)The teacher as well as the students ______reading in the library yesterday .(be)2) The teacher with his students _____ gone to the library. (have)3) He, like you and Xiao Li, _____ clever. (be)【中考真题再现】( )1. Everyone except Tom and John _____seen the film.A. isB. hasC. areD. have( )2. Robert with his two sons ______ to the beach for vacation every year.A. goB. goesC. wentD. are going(五) 其它考点1、population “人口”,当作整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;但强调个体时(人口的几分之几,百分之几)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg: The population of China _____ 13.6 billion and 70% of the population ___ peasants. (be)2、“a number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式;表“许多…”“ the number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
“…….的数量”1)There are a large number of workers in the factory , who_______ from America. (be)2)The number of the students in the college _____ 30000. (be)3、“one of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“one of+复数名词”后跟有定语从句时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the onlyone of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句时,谓语动词用单数形式;1) John is one of the students who ______ passed the test. (have)2) He is the only one of the boys who ______ been to Beijing. (not )4、Chinese, Japanese, deer , sheep 等单复数同形的名词作主语时,它们自身在句中的内容决定其谓语动词的单、复形式。