议论文答案1

小学六年级议论文阅读练习题及答案阅读练习题一：假如你是小明，你的朋友小华认为电视对学生有很多负面影响，认为应该禁止学生看电视。

请你根据自己的观点写一篇文章，谈谈你对这个问题的看法。

答案：电视在现代生活中扮演着重要的角色，不可否认，它也会给我们带来一些负面影响。

然而，我认为禁止学生看电视并不是解决问题的好办法。

首先，电视作为一种媒体，能够提供大量的知识和信息。

对于学生来说，通过电视可以了解到世界各地的文化、地理知识、新闻事件等。

这些都对学生的学习和生活有着积极的影响。

如果禁止学生看电视，他们将失去这些宝贵的学习资源。

其次，电视也可以为学生提供娱乐和休闲的机会。

学习是紧张而劳累的，适当地看一些有教育性和娱乐性的电视节目，能够帮助学生放松心情，调整身心状态。

这有助于他们更好地投入到学习中，提高学习效果。

当然，我也认识到电视可能会对学生的学习产生一些负面影响。

例如，过多地看电视可能导致学生沉迷其中，忽视了学业。

因此，我们应该更加重视引导学生合理使用电视。

家长和老师可以与学生沟通，共同制定一些合理的电视观看时间和规则，确保他们能够在充实自己的同时，不耽误学习和成长。

总结起来，电视既有积极的一面，也存在着一些负面影响。

禁止学生看电视并不是解决问题的好办法，而是应该提倡学生正确使用电视，充分发挥其积极的教育和娱乐功能。

只有在家长、学校和学生共同的努力下，才能最大程度地利用电视的优点，减少其负面影响。

阅读练习题二：假设今天是你生日，你和父母、朋友一起庆祝生日。

请你写一篇议论文，表达一下自己的感受和对生日的看法。

答案：生日是我们每年一度的特殊日子，是一个让我们感到特别和幸福的时刻。

今天，我和父母、朋友一起庆祝生日，敞开心扉，我想谈一下我的感受和对生日的看法。

首先，生日是个人成长和进步的象征。

每当生日到来，我都会回顾过去的一年，反思自己的成长和不足之处。

同时，生日也是一个契机，让我制定新的目标和计划，并努力去实现。

冲刺2022年高考英语之名校阅读理解试题跟踪练(通用版)07阅读理解议论文30篇11（2022·北京西城·一模）One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this.“Why isn’t my kid playing?”The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:“They’re just not good enough.”“He/she just isn’t fast enough.”“He/she just isn’t strong enough.”Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at, and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the m iddle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.It’s awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who arc more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful.But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.1. What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean?A. Impatient.B. Annoying.C. Direct.D. Serious.2. The author believes that ______.A. kids should learn how to face rejection in their lifeB. people can live a life without being emotionally hurtC. parents must help kids escape disappointment and failureD. coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time3. What probably motivated the author to write this passage?A. Coaches’ mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.B. Parents’ unrealistic views of kids’ playing time.C. Children’s ignorance of the meaning of sports and life,D. The public’s doubts about why kids need to play sports.【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。

议论文写作指导（一）(人教版高二教案设计)学会分析一、开篇中学生的议论文，大多不善分析，只是停留在论点加论据上，致使议论文浅显空洞，缺乏说服力，因此，中学生要想尽快突破议论文的写作障碍，提高议论文写作的能力，就必须学会分析.二、阐释观点，分析道理下面三个语段各是从哪些方面进行分析说理的？文段1：自由不是随心所欲的风，它应在该驻足的地方驻足，在该飞翔的地方飞翔；自由不是放浪不羁的海涛，它应在龟裂之地飞扬，在汪洋之地遁形；自由不是肆无忌惮的野花，它应在阳光明媚中露脸，在电闪雷鸣中俯首。

文段2：“知羞耻成人”，前提是要明于羞耻的界限，保持清醒的认识。

当前，我们处于一个急剧转型的社会环境，大量涌入的外来文化和各种各样的外在诱惑，对人们的生活方式和价值取向、思想观念产生了负面影响，以致使一些人思想混乱、价值迷惘，对什么是羞耻、什么不是羞耻分辨不清。

当一个人对真善美与假丑恶缺乏辨别力，头脑中分不清耻与荣时，什么愚昧无知、好逸恶劳、损己利人、见利忘义、违法乱纪、骄奢淫逸，甚至危害祖国、背离人民的事情都有可能做出来。

现代社会是多元的、开放包容的，但在基本准则上依然有自己的底线，人们无论怎么选择，都离不开做人的本色和遵守社会运行的基本规则。

只有树立正确的荣辱观，善于辨别羞耻的界限，才能知羞耻而成人。

(《知羞耻成人》)文段3：“知羞耻成人”，关键是在于严格的道德自律，强化思想内省。

“知耻近乎勇”。

道德自律产生的羞耻感是人类趋于完善的动力，使人自爱、自重、自尊、自律，使人止于礼、合乎情、趋于善、臻于美，使人深刻反省、改正缺失。

道德自律、知羞耻有助于阻人为恶。

劝人从善。

难怪英国作家卡莱尔说：“羞耻心是所有品德的源泉。

”增强人们的羞耻感受，加强思想道德修养，可以造就具有良好品德的人。

加强社会主义“荣辱观”教育，首要的就是要教育人们把荣荣、耻耻作为一个社会公民的起码准则。

(《知羞耻成人》) 当堂练习：请为“志当存高远”的中心观点续写一段话，分析这一观点。

专题二十三阅读理解类型四议论文人与自我－生活与学习Passage 1(2022湖北随州)Do you have any online classes? It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and a headset.However, most students don't seem to like online classes. According to a recent survey, only 33 percent of the students would take such classes. Over 1,500 students from 10 cities took part in the survey.Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This was true for Lian Ruohan,15,at The Affiliated High Sc hool of Peking University. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to. It's harder to always stay focused,” she said.Lian prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes.Wen Jiayi,14, at Yucai Middle School Attached to Chengdu No. 7 High School, thinks online interaction(互动)isn't enough.“The online teachers don't really get to know me. When I don't hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern(关心),”she said.However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don't understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Lian said.1.Many students think________.A. it is impossible to take online classes at homeB. it's hard to focus on studying while taking online classesC. they have to prepare a lot before taking online classesD. they can't communicate with the teachers online2.The underlined word “offline" means“________” in Chinese.A.函授的B.网络的C.线下的D.媒体的3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Lian thinks it easy to always stay focused.B. Wen is a student from a high school in Beijing.C. Lian thinks that online interaction isn't enough.D. Lian pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes.4.The passage is mainly about________.A. what the students think of online classesB. how the students take online classes at homeC. where the students take online classesD. why the students like taking online classes答案:语篇解读本文是关于线上课程的一项调查,主要介绍两个学生的不同看法.子主题为“积极的学习体验,恰当的学习方法与策略,勤学善思”.1.B 细节理解题.根据第三段中“Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes.”可知,许多学生表示,在线上课很难集中精力学习.2.C 词义猜测题.分析最后一段可知,将online和offline作了比较,“online”意为“线上的”,所以offline的意思是“线下的”.3.D 细节理解题.根据第四段中“She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers.”可知,连若涵在上网课时,督促自己与老师交流.4.A 主旨大意题.本文主要是关于线上课程的调查,主要介绍两个学生的不同看法.Passage 2(2022 北京)A Pathway(路径)to Meaning in LifeWhen it comes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. A life filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, what makes a meaningful life?Many researchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors(因素):having long-term goals, believing that one's life matters, and feeling that one's life fits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimes life enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating(欣赏)such experiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We call this experiential appreciation(EA). EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life's beauty.We recently set out to better understand EA in studies. We were interested in whether EA was also tied to general judgment of meaning in life. If so, it could be a factor for meaningfulness.In the first study, we had people rate(评估)their support for different methods of reducing stress. We found that people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life's beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.In the next study, we asked people to rate the degree to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I appreciate the beauty of life" and “I appreciate little things in life” as well as other statements that related to the three factors and a general sense of meaning in life. Our results showed that the more people reported that they were “appreciating life" and its many experiences, the more they felt thei r life was valuable.In the following studies, we further looked at the connection between EA and meaningfulness. For example, we found that people who were asked to look back on the most meaningful event of the past week generally reported high EA in those moments.All the results proved our theory(假设)true. But putting it into practice can be difficult. Our fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with goals. We try to get the highest output both at work and in spare time. This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. We should slow down and let life surprise us.1. You were most probably in the EA condition when________.A. you made a travel plan for the coming holidayB. you hurried to serve the customers in the storeC. you practiced hard to become the best violinistD. you stopped to admire the roses by the roadside2.What can we learn from the studies mentioned in the passage?A. Thinking back to the past weakens our sense of meaning.B. Enjoying small things can influence our attitude toward life.C. Proper stress management is the key to living a satisfying life.D. Good judgment on beauty improves connections among people.3. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. It is easier for results-driven people to achieve success.B. We often turn a blind eye to the present moment.C.A fast-paced lifestyle helps us reach our goals.D. Future life will bring us many more surprises.4. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain how to discover beauty in life.B. To discuss what the true meaning of life is.C. To introduce a new factor for a meaningful life.D. To compare different factors for meaningfulness.答案:语篇解读本文主要介绍“体验生活之美”和“过有意义的人生”两者关系的科学研究.子主题为“丰富、充实、积极向上的生活”.1.D 词义理解题.根据第三段中“EA is about the person feeling connected to events and being able to appreciate the value within the connection. It shows the discovery of and admiration for life's beauty.”可知,EA是指人能感觉到事件间的联系,并能够在这种联系中欣赏其价值.它展示了对生活之美的发现和赞赏.根据EA的定义可以推论出D项(你停下来欣赏路边的玫瑰)符合EA状态.2.B 推理判断题.根据第七段中“For example, we found...high EA in those moments.”可知,回顾过去有意义的事可提升EA,排除A项;根据第六段中“such as I appreciate the beauty of life'...their life was valuable”可推测,享受小事影响我们的生活态度,B项正确;根据第五段中“We found that people...as highly meaningful.”可知,通过欣赏生活中美好的东西来管理压力的人觉得体验生活有意义,但不是关键,排除C项;根据第三段中“When people are...they see their own life.”可知,对美的判断力可能会改善他们对自己生活的看法,不能改变与他人的联系,排除D项.3.B 段落大意题.根据最后一段中“This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now.”可知,这种对未来结果的关注使人们很容易错过目前正在发生的事情.B项(我们经常对现在的时刻视而不见)最符合本段主题.4.C写作目的题.文章阐释了一条实现有意义的生活的新路径,那就是发现并欣赏生活的美.因此可以推断作者的写作目的是为有意义的生活引入新因素.Passage 3(2022湖南湘潭)Recently, a study(研究),published in BMC Medicine, found that sitting in front of the TV for a long time was a risk for people's health.After scientists used data(数据)on 370,000 people, covering 12 years, they found about 9,000 developed heart disease. They found people with genes(基因)of heart problems were more likely to develop heart disease. However, they found that people without such genes watching more than four hours of TV every day were also at the greatest risk of heart disease. People spending 2 to 3 hours a day watching TV had a 6% lower risk. And those who watched less than an hour had a 16% lower risk. The scientists of the research team finally found cutting TV watching time to less than an hour a day could prevent 10% of heart disease.In life, people who want “one more episode(剧集)”might be the group at a higher risk, for they are easy to spend more time watching TV. If they have more snacks while watching TV, it might add the risk of putting their hearts in danger. So, if people want to watch TV longer, standing up and moving the body, or hanging out will work. But limiting their time on TV could be a more useful way to help them avoid possible heart problems in the future.1.According to the text, how long did the research cover?A.10 years.B.12 years.C.14 years.2.From paragraph 2, which of the following is right?A. People watching one hour of TV are at the greatest risk.B. The less time people spend on TV, the lower the risk is.C. Watching TV is the only reason to develop heart disease.3.Which best explains “limiting” underlined in paragraph 3?A.限制B.记录C.花费4.Where is this text probably from?A.A tour guide.B.A story book.C.A newspaper.5.What is the main idea of the text?A. We'd better not watch TV more than one hour a day.B. Hanging out after dinner is good for our heart health.C. Having snacks while watching TV adds risks for heart.答案:语篇解读本文阐述了久坐看电视对人体健康的危害及减少看电视的时间危害风险会降低这一观点.子主题为“身心健康,抗挫能力,珍爱生命的意识”.1.B 细节理解题.根据第二段第一句中的“covering 12 years”可知选B.2.B 推理判断题.根据第二段中的“People spending 2 to 3 hours a day watching TV had a 6% lower risk. And those who watched less than an hour had a 16% lower r isk.”可推知看电视时间越少,(患心脏病的)风险越小.3.A 词义猜测题.根据上下文可推知画线词所在句意为“但是限制他们花在电视上的时间会是一种帮助他们避免将来可能出现的心脏疾患的更有用的方法”.“限制”符合语境.4.C 文章出处题.本文的主要内容为阐述久坐看电视对人身体健康的危害,在报纸上被读到的可能性最大.5.A 主旨大意题.本文主要阐述了久坐看电视对人身体健康的危害及减少看电视的时间危害风险会降低的观点.人与自我－做人与做事Passage 4(2022浙江绍兴)“I wish I had straight hair” ;“I'd like to be taller”. At times, we all want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is differe nt-and that's a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence(自信).Body confidence is when someone accepts and behaves kindly towards their body. That includes our size and shape, skin color, appearance and any physical disabilities. Jade Parnell from the Centre for Appearance Research(CAR),says that having body confidence is “about being accepting of your body and what it does for you”.If you feel positively(积极地)about your body, you are more likely to take care of it. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. Parnell says that the cost of trying to achieve the "perfect" appearance is high. She says,“ If you're spending a lot of time trying to look a certain way, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories.”It's important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image, Parnell says,“ Try to talk positively about your own body and other people's bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to appearance. Instead, think about what your body does for you; do your legs make you run really fast?” She also suggests treating your body well by eating different kinds of foods, exercising to feel good and to have fun, and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look.1.The writer thinks that the pictures on TV and social media________.A. are perfect for people to followB. may spread wrong ideas of looksC. imply everyone is differentD. show people how to behave kindly2.The underlined word “agitated" probably means “________”.A. scaredB. seriousC. carelessD. worried3.Parnell will agree that you should________.A. accept your body as it isB. avoid talking about others' bodiesC. spend more money on your appearanceD. remember what you used to be like4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage readers to take more exercise.B. To remind readers not to eat too much food.C. To lead readers to build up body confidence.D. To advise readers to treat their friends well.答案:语篇解读文章主要论述了我们要积极地看待自己的身体,要有自信.子主题为“自我认识,自我管理,自我提升”.1.B 细节理解题.根据第一段中的“However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies 'should 'look.”可知,我们在电视和社交媒体上看到的图片可能会给我们传递错误的外貌观念.2.D 词义猜测题.根据第三段中的“feeling agitated about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down”可知,你会退步,在学校里表现不佳,甚至感到沮丧,应是因为你担心你的身体,故此处画线部分意为“担心”.3.A细节理解题.根据第二段中的“Jade Parnell...says that having body confidence is 'about being accepting of your body and what it does for you'.”可知,Parnell认为要接受自己的身体原本的样子.4.C写作目的题.本文主要介绍了我们要积极地看待自己的身体,要有身体自信.人与社会－社会服务与人际沟通Passage 5(2022湖北十堰)There is no doubt that technology has had a big influence on our lives. People from all around the world can now talk to each other almost at once on mobile phones and the Internet. People can easily solve their problems with the help of computers and the world wide web. With this technology, it seems that the world is more connected now than ever before. Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely and disconnected from others around them.So does this mean that technology makes us lonely?In my opinion, it is hard to say Yes or No.It's true that humans need communication with each other. If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental(心理的)health. For me, technology is a tool. And just likeany other kind of tool-like scissors, a pencil or a ruler, for example, it depends on how we use it: in a right way or in a right place. Take social media(社交媒体)as an example. If you only use it to compare yourself with others, you might feel sad and lonely. But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family or to start a new community to talk about your hobbies and interests, the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.When you feel lonely after staring at your computer screen all day, maybe you can use that technology to reach out to a reliable(可靠的)friend and invite him or her out for lunch or a coffee.1.According to the writer, technology is________.A. a toolB. an influenceC. a pair of scissorsD. a way of communication2.What's the meaning of the underlined word "impact" in Paragraph 4?A.帮助B.促进C.影响D.进入3.According to the passage, if people use technology too much, people may________.A .sleep less B. live longer C. feel lonely D. get more jobs4.When we use technology to________ others, we can find love and friendship.A. argue withB. compete withC. connect withD. compare with5.What's the main idea of the passage?A. Social media is important to us.B. Technology can be good and bad to us.C. People need to communicate with each other.D. Computers and the Internet help us with our work.答案:语篇解读本文介绍科技对我们的生活产生了很大的影响,在带来便利的同时,使人们之间的交流变少了.作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去.子主题为“良好的人际关系与人际交往”.1.A细节理解题.根据第四段中“For me, technology is a tool.”可知选A.2.C 词义猜测题.分析“If we depend on technology too much to communicate, this can badly impact our mental health.”可知,如果我们过于依赖科技来交流,这会严重影响我们的心理健康.此处impact的意思是“影响”.3.C 细节理解题.根据第一段中“Even so, there have been worries about technology making people feel lonely”可知,有人担心科技会让人们感到孤独.4.C 细节理解题.根据第四段中“But if you use it as a tool to connect with friends and family...the loneliness will turn into love and friendship.”可知,如果你把科技作为与朋友和家人联系的工具,孤独就会变成爱和友谊.5.B 主旨大意题.本文主要介绍科技对我们的生活产生了很大的影响,在为我们带来便利的同时,也带来了问题.人与自然－自然生态Passage 6(2022四川乐山)Do you think only humans are crazy about electronic products? You are wrong. 12 zoos in the United States and Canada have carried out(实施)a programme called Apps for Apes(大猩猩).It has found that the apes are also interested in playing iPads.“We find that, similar to people, the apes like touching the screen and watching short videos,” said Richard Zimmerman, a manager of the programme.The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week. Every time, they spend from 15 minutes to half an hour using different apps in iPads. They are most interested in apps for children, such as drawing, music and memory games.Zimmerman said,“ It's like when we're showing pop-up books(立体书)to children. The apes are among the most intelligent(智能的)animals, and they are as cl ever as young children.”The workers in the zoo are also studying how communication apps can help the apes better. “We find that an ape has a toothache. He would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way,” said Zimmerman.The programme wants to make people pay attention to the living problems of apes in the wild. The apes are in danger because people cut down too many forests.1.How many times can the apes play iPads in a week?A. Two times.B. Three times.C. Four times.2.Which of the following apps can make apes most interested in?A. Working.B. Shopping.C. Painting.3.What can we learn about apes from the article?A. Apes can make pop-up books.B. Apes are as smart as young children.C. Apes use apps to protect themselves.4.How does the ape communicate when it has a toothache?A. By touching the picture.B. By telling the doctor.C. By showing its nose.-5.Where is this article most probably from?A.A magazine about children.B.A magazine about animals.C.A magazine about hobbies.答案:语篇解读本文主要讲述了大猩猩也对玩iPad感兴趣,通过实验,想让人们关注野生猿类的生存问题.子主题为“热爱与敬畏自然,与自然和谐共生”.1.A 细节理解题.根据第三段中“The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week.”可知,每周可以玩两次iPad. 2.C 细节理解题.根据第三段中“They are most interested in apps for children, such as d rawing, music and memory games.”可知,它们最感兴趣的是针对儿童的应用程序,如绘画、音乐和记忆游戏. 3.B 细节理解题.根据第四段中“The apes are among the most intelligent animals, and they are as clever as young children.”可知,大猩猩是最聪明的动物之一,它们和小孩子一样聪明.4.A细节理解题.根据第五段中“We find that an ape has a toothache. H e would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way”可知,大猩猩可以触摸iPad上的牙齿图片,并通过这种方式进行交流.5.B 文章主题题.根据全文内容可知,科学家通过实验发现,猩猩也对玩iPad感兴趣,因此文章与动物有关.。

九年级语文议论文阅读《读书应是一种沉静的坚守》含答案读书应是一种沉静的坚守高昌①4月23日已经过去了，“世界读书日”所掀起的全民阅读热潮依然令人感动着。

“世界读书日”相关活动的初衷以及这些活动所取得的成效，都是值得肯定的。

不过，读书毕竟不是一日之功，更应该是一种恒久的坚持和沉静的坚守。

②读书需要思考一个“静”字。

唐代书法家颜真卿的《劝学》诗中说：“三更灯火五更鸡，正是男儿读书时。

黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。

”这首诗里提到的，就是一种远离喧嚣和忍受孤独的读书方式。

实际上，真正的读书生活，除了“奇文共欣赏，疑义相与析”的切磋，更需要静下心来，耐得寂寞，需要艰苦的跋涉和曲折的探索。

“击石乃有火，不击元无烟。

人学始知道，不学非自然。

”读书要守心以纯，要珍惜时光，而最重要的是只有通过自己的艰辛努力，才能获得丰稔的收获。

③读书需要思考一个“活”字。

李白在《嘲鲁儒》中说：“鲁叟谈五经，白发死章句。

问以经济策，茫如坠烟雾。

”诗人对那些夸夸其谈而没有真才实学的“鲁叟”选行了辛辣的嘲讽。

这些人谈起五经头头是道，问起经世济民之策却茫然无知。

他们拿腔拿调，架子十足，却死于章句，不知时变。

而陆游《冬夜读书示子聿》中的观点，则更加值得那些“鲁叟”们深思。

他说：古人学问无遗力，少壮工夫老始成。

纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。

”这是陆游写给小儿子的一首绝句，朴素亲切，蕴含哲理，尤其是诗中提出的理论与实践相结合的观点，至今仍有现实意义。

④读书需要思考一个“高”字。

书中的鲲鹏志向、报国情怀、浩然正气、丹心赤胆，对我们的精神是一种砥砺禔升，对我们的心灵是一种洗涤净化，对我们的情操是一种美好陶冶……宋代抗金名臣李纲在《读书》诗中说：“平生长作蠹书蝉，老去犹资慰我心。

每到古人名节处，慨然掩卷一沉吟。

”诗人老去，耽于读书，但是仍然对于涉及名节操守的内容格外看重。

诗人的襟怀、情操，从其读书情趣中可见。

宋朝另一位名叫李时可的诗人写的一首《舟中夜闻读书》中说：“临溪一舍竹疏疏，舟过时闻夜读书。

阅读训练——议论文1(一)阅读下文，完成第 16— 20 题(20 分)赞美如药①据说，在南非的巴贝姆巴族中，如有人犯错误，族长便会让犯错误的人站在村落的中央，公开亮相，以示惩戒。

但每当这种时候，整个部落的人都会从四面八方赶来，将这个犯错误的人团团围住，用赞美来“理疗”他的心灵。

他们自动分出长幼，然后从年长的人开始发言，依次告诉这个犯错误的人，他今生曾经为整个部落做过哪些好事，整个“赞美”仪式要持续到所有的族人都将正面的评语说完为止，并将举行盛大的庆典来庆祝犯错误的人脱胎换骨，改过自新，重新开始一种全新的生活。

②实事求是的赞美，是帮助人改正错误的好方法。

赞美就像一剂良药，能够愈合对方因为犯错而引发的心灵创伤，除去心头痼疾，矫正错误行为，鼓起改过的信心，点燃向善的正气。

③在我们这个所谓文明社会里，对待犯了错的人所采取的手段是所谓的批评教育。

不是真诚地“赞美”，而是一味地指责、处罚；不是真诚地接纳，而是冰冷地_______，或冷嘲热讽；不是客观公正地作出评议，而是以偏概全，将人“一棍子打死”。

更有甚者，总用“放大镜”去看待别人犯下的错误，仿佛某人一旦犯了错误，浑身上下就一无是处。

这样做的结果，反而把犯错的人逼向敌对的位置，违背了帮助与教育的初衷。

④巴贝姆巴族人则完全不同，他们对待犯错的人的态度是：尽管你犯了错，有了缺点，但我们依然爱护你、关心你、接纳你。

既然你曾为整个部族做过那么多的好事、善事，有着那么多的优点，那么，请你认真地作一回反思，然后心悦诚服地改正自己的错误。

我们整个部族的人都坚信：你一定具备改过向善的信心与能力。

⑤心理学家研究发现，人们在犯了错误并有所意识的时候，他的第一个反应往往就是自卫。

对待犯错的人，如果批评或处罚失当，就会适得其反，甚至会让犯错者彻底丧失改过自新的勇气和信心，以致于“破坛子破摔”。

⑥印度圣雄甘地曾说过：“自我改造，是面对某些行为偏差之时，唯一值得努力的行动。

如果我们改造了自己，别人就会愿意跟随我们。