Building a European Portrait of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting

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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲致辞、总结报告、心得体会、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、导游词、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as speeches, summary reports, insights, contract agreements, documentary evidence, planning plans, tour guides, teaching materials, complete essays, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different formats and writing methods of sample essays, please stay tuned!新天地导游词英语新天地是一个以石库门建筑为主体，有着欧式风情的休闲和娱乐总汇，汇集了各式的酒吧、餐厅和夜总会，是上海新建景观之一。

因考试政策、内容不断变化与调整，下面给大家整理的大学阅读理解真题供参考，以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语六级阅读段落匹配真题及答案，希望可以帮到大家Section ADirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in AntarcticaA) On a glacier-filled island with fjords(峡湾)and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica’s first Orthodox church on a bill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile. Chinese laborers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China’s plan to operate five basses on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India’s futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stills(桩子)using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.B) More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining . But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial that already exist.C) The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of–the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill(磷虾)，found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries here.D) Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs form Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.E) Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System(GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.F) Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. “You can see that we’re here to stay,” said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.G) Antarctica’s mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted(令人垂诞的)reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite(金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.H) Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardize offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctic’s remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger the Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.I) But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica’s treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George lsland offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain. Australia and New Zealand.J) Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the p lanet’s driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13,422 feet above sea level that is one the planet’s coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research. But they also acknowledge that concerns about “resource security” influence their moves.K) China’s newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George lsland makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. ”We do weather monitoring here and other research.” Ning Xu, 53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard(暴风雪) in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under anillustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China’s Antarctic operations since the 1980s “We now feel equipped to grow,” he said.L) As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere’s summer, including those at the Amundsen Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers the Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.M) Scholars warn that Antarctica’s political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent’s treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting(拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.N) Some countries have had a hard time here, Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in20XX, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough. a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile’s air base here since it crash-landed in 20XX.O) However, Brazil’s stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 20XX to rebuild the Brazilian station.P) Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 20XX, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia’s help, Belarus is preparing to build this first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.Q) “The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European. Australasian and North American states ar e over.” Said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. “The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested.”36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world’s largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia’s obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America’s dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists’ estimates. Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The d emand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica’s treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica’s harsh natural co nditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.参考答案Section BCountries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica36. [J]37. [C]38. [E]39. [G]40. [D]41. [I]42. [B]43. [H]44. [Q]45. [L]。

《2024年高考英语3500词汇一遍过》专题78 2022年全国乙卷语料单句语法填空100题原卷版阅读理解A篇1. (2022全国乙卷A篇) This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces ____________(celebrate) the life and work of Scotland’s ____________(good) loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.2. (2022全国乙卷A篇) ____________(select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work ____________(hold) in over forty years.3. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of ____________ (lecture) for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. ____________ (admit) to lectures is free.4. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Last admission to the ____________(exhibit): 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.5. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Admission £4. Children under 12 years ____________(accompany) by an adult are admitted free.6. (2022全国乙卷A篇) A special low ____________(enter) charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in ____________(organise) groups with teachers.7. (2022全国乙卷A篇) How can full-time students get group discounts? They must ____________(hold) by teachers.阅读理解B篇8.(2022全国乙卷B篇) In 1916, two girls of ____________(wealth) families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a ____________ (settle) in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.9.(2022全国乙卷B篇) The girls had gone to Smith College. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. ____________(instruct) the children ____________ shoes were held together with string was a surprise.10.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, ____________ is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.11.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something ____________(use). Soon, however, they realized ____________ they had undertaken.12.(2022全国乙卷B篇) They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little ____________(private), rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they ____________(wake) up in the morning.13.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive ____________ the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced ____________ mud over ice.14.(2022全国乙卷B篇) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, ____________ of course influenced th e girls’ decision _________(go) to Elkhead.15.(2022全国乙卷B篇) A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, ____________ entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. 16.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of ____________ people move her to some beautiful writing.17.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, ____________(look) down from a hill top: “When the sun ____________(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.18.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Then a full moon ____________(rise). The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, ____________(mouse), and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”阅读理解C篇19.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and ____________(reliable) of railways and, ____________ the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year?20.(2022全国乙卷C篇) That is the very likely future of applyin g today’s “eyes in the sky” technology ____________(make) sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains ____________ a 24/7 basis.21.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Drones are already being used ____________(examine) high-tension electrical lines. They could do ____________(precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.22.(2022全国乙卷C篇) The ____________(regular) they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.23.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效)across the board. That includes huge ____________(save) in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel ____________(safe).24.(2022全国乙卷C篇) It ____________(calculate) that European railways alone spend ____________(approximate) approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.25.(2022全国乙卷C篇) That can be ____________(danger) work that could be avoided with drones ____________(assist) the crews’ efforts.26.(2022全国乙卷C篇) By using the ____________(late) technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, ____________(detect) faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.27.(2022全国乙卷C篇) ____________(perform) these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.28.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run __________ (run).29.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Very small drones with ____________(advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.30.(2022全国乙卷C篇) With their ____________(able) to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.31. (2022全国乙卷C篇)What makes the ____________(apply) of drones to rail lines possible? The use of drones in checking on power lines.32. (2022全国乙卷C篇)What function is expected of the rail drones? To make trains run ____________ (automatic).阅读理解D篇33. (2022全国乙卷D篇) The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money ____________ Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first ____________(office) data on the policy has shown.34. (2022全国乙卷D篇) First ____________(announce) in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks ____________(contain) more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).35. (2022全国乙卷D篇) ____________is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the ____________(recommend) level of sugar, putting them at a ____________ (high) risk of the disease.36. (2022全国乙卷D篇) ____________(initial) the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. ____________, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.37. (2022全国乙卷D篇) At present it is expected ____________(generate) £240m for the year ending in April 2019, ____________ will go to school sports.38. (2022全国乙卷D篇) It comes after more than half of soft drinks ____________(sell) in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid __________ (pay) the tax.39. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Drinks now contain 45 million fewer ____________(kilo) of sugar asa result of manufacturers' efforts ___________(avoid) the charge, according to Treasury figures.40. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Since April drinks companies ____________(force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, ____________(depend) on the sugar content.41. (2022全国乙卷D篇) However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing ____________(change) for fear of upsetting consumers.42. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free ________ the tax, as are small companies ________(manufacture) fewer than 1m litres per year.43. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising ____________(million) of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and ____________(healthy) eating in schools.44. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great ____________(importance), and the industry is playing its part.45. (2022全国乙卷D篇) What can be inferred about the ____________(adopt) of the sugar tax policy? It is a success story.阅读理解七选五46.(2022全国乙卷七选五) Friendship needs care and attention ____________(keep) it in good health. Here are five ways ____________(sustain) long-distance friendships.47.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·Set a regular date. Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic ____________ both sides ____________(equal) contact (联系) and share with one another.48.(2022全国乙卷七选五) With busy schedules, ____________(squeeze) in phone calls can bea challenge. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick ____________ it.49.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·More isn’t always merrier. Make sure you have communicated with your friend about ____________ frequently each of you wants ____________(contact) and what method works best for you both.50.(2022全国乙卷七选五)Compensate by ____________(write) letters. There are ____________(alternative) alternatives to constant written ____________(communicate), such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.51. (2022全国乙卷七选五)·Practise empathy (共情). You may be the friend who left or the one who ____________(leave) behind. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the____________(addition) time demands ____________(place) on the friend who has moved. 52.(2022全国乙卷七选五)The one in the new environment should be ____________(sympathy) to the fact that your friend may feel ____________(abandon).53.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·Remember important dates. ____________(anniversary) and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.54.(2022全国乙卷七选五)Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way ____________ special days.55.(2022全国乙卷七选五)____________(simple) keeping a diary that keeps track ___________friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.56.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·Don’t rely o n technology alone. It is easy to have a sense of ____________(connected) through social media, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.57.(2022全国乙卷七选五)Try to seek out chances ___________(renew) friendships. __________ to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.完形填空58.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)Young children across the globe enjoy ___________(play) games of hide and seek.59.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)For them, there’s something ___________(high) exciting about ___________(escape) someone else’s glance and making oneself unable ___________(see). 60.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)However, we all witness that preschool children are ___________(remarkable) bad at hiding.61.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___________(expose).62.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)For a long time, this ___________(effective) hiding method was interpreted as ___________(evident) that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.63.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)But our ___________(surprise) research results in child developmental psychology ___________(contradict) that idea.64.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)We brought young children ___________(age) 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.65.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)Each child ___________(sit) down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.66.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)We then asked the child if she could see or hear the adult. ___________(surprising), children replied that they couldn’t.67.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)The same thing ___________(happen) when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn’t speak to her.68.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)A number of experiments ruled ___________that the children ___________(misunderstand) what they were being asked.69.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)The results were clear: Our young ___________(subject) comprehended the questions and knew ___________(exact) what was asked of them.70.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)Their responses ___________the questions reflected their true belief ___________“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”71.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)They simply make up mutual (相互的) ___________(recognize) and regard.72.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by ___________(put) a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.73.(2022全国乙卷完形填空)In fact, children consider this method ___________(effect) when others use it.语法填空74.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.75.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) ___________(celebrate) the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.76.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___________(large) tea-producing country, China has a ___________(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________(share) future for mankind.77.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people ___________(work) in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___________ cultural exchanges.78.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) A four-year tea ___________(promote) —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.79.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) To ___________(strength)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.80.(2022全国乙卷语法填空) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was ___________(official) unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening its first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.短文改错81.(2022全国乙卷短文改错) We all know that cycling is a great exercise. A doctor tells me people who live the ___________(long) are dancers and cyclists.82.(2022全国乙卷短文改错) Maybe it is because of the ___________(combine) of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.83.(2022全国乙卷短文改错) When you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So you are not producing carbon dioxide ___________ not causing air pollution.84.(2022全国乙卷短文改错) Just see how cars have taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, ___________ may put our lives ___________ danger.85. (2022全国乙卷短文改错) And there are traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars ___________ bicycles.书面表达86. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) Nowadays, with the growing ___________(popular) of smartphones and computers, an ___________(increase) number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.87.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) It can easily ___________(see) that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.88. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文)As is illustrated in the graph, almost two -thirds of the students choose to listen to English songs to learn English ___________ half of the students choose to watch English movies.89. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) ___________ we can in the chart, there are a wide rangeof English learning methods beyond the classroom.90. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) According to a survey, most students being interviewed, ___________(specific) 65%, choose to listen to English songs, while half of the students prefer to watch English movies.91.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) The ___________(major) of students regard watching English movies and listening to English songs ___________ their main after-school English learning methods.92. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) However, those ___________(choose) reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account ___________ 18% and 12%. As far as I’m concerned, it is a ___________(disturb) trend.93.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) However, ___________(personal) speaking, watching English movies and listening to English songs are more ___________(favour) ways of entertainment.94.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) Those who choose to read English books and visit English learning websites only account for 18% and 12% ___________(respective).95. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) It turns out ___________ students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes ___________ English learning.96.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to ___________(chat) online or playing games.97. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) It’s urgent for students ___________(they) to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers ___________(strengthen) the guidance.98.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) So here come my ___________(proposal). We should purposely learn the wonderful dialogues and expressions in the English movies ___________(enrich) our language and improve our English pronunciation.99.(2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) And the similar thing can happen when we listen to English songs. Only ___________ this way can English movies and songs be ___________ (practical) helpful to our English learning.100. (2022全国乙卷书面表达满分作文) Therefore, students should spare more time _________ (read) English ___________ than watching movies or listening to music too much.《2024年高考英语3500词汇一遍过》专题78 2022年全国乙卷语料单句语法填空100题教师版阅读理解A篇1. (2022全国乙卷A篇) This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces ____________(celebrate) the life and work of Scotland’s ____________(good) loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.2. (2022全国乙卷A篇) ____________(select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work ____________(hold) in over forty years.3. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of ____________ (lecture) for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. ____________ (admit) to lectures is free.4. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Last admission to the ____________(exhibit): 17.15. There is nore-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.5. (2022全国乙卷A篇) Admission £4. Children under 12 years ____________(accompany) by an adult are admitted free.6. (2022全国乙卷A篇) A special low ____________(enter) charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in ____________(organise) groups with teachers.7. (2022全国乙卷A篇) How can full-time students get group discounts? They must ____________(hold) by teachers.【答案】1. celebrating, best2. Selected, to be held3. lectures, Admission4. exhibition5. accompanied6. entrance, organised7. be led阅读理解B篇8.(2022全国乙卷B篇) In 1916, two girls of ____________(wealth) families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a ____________ (settle) in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.9.(2022全国乙卷B篇) The girls had gone to Smith College. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. ____________(instruct) the children ____________ shoes were held together with string was a surprise.10.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, ____________ is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.11.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something ____________(use). Soon, however, they realized ____________ they had undertaken.12.(2022全国乙卷B篇) They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little ____________(private), rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they ____________(wake) up in the morning.13.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive ____________ the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced ____________ mud over ice.14.(2022全国乙卷B篇) In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, ____________ of co urse influenced the girls’ decision _________(go) to Elkhead.15.(2022全国乙卷B篇) A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, ____________ entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. 16.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of ____________ people move her to some beautiful writing.17.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, ____________(look) down from a hill top: “When the sun ____________(slip) behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them.18.(2022全国乙卷B篇) Then a full moon ____________(rise). The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, ____________(mouse), and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”【答案】8. wealthy, settlement 9. to instruct, whose 10. who 11. useful, what 12. privacy, woke 13. at, by 14. which, to go 15. which 16. the 17. looking, slipped 18. rose, mice阅读理解C篇19.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and____________(reliable) of railways and, ____________ the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year?20.(2022全国乙卷C篇) That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology ____________(make) sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains ____________ a 24/7 basis.21.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Drones are already being used ____________(examine) high-tension electrical lines. They could do ____________(precise) the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.22.(2022全国乙卷C篇) The ____________(regular) they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.23.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效)across the board. That includes huge ____________(save) in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel ____________(safe).24.(2022全国乙卷C篇) It ____________(calculate) that European railways alone spend ____________(approximate) approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.25.(2022全国乙卷C篇) That can be ____________(danger) work that could be avoided with drones ____________(assist) the crews’ efforts.26.(2022全国乙卷C篇) By using the ____________(late) technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, ____________(detect) faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.27.(2022全国乙卷C篇) ____________(perform) these tasks, drone s for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.28.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run __________ (run).29.(2022全国乙卷C篇) Very small drones with ____________(advance) sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.30.(2022全国乙卷C篇) With their ____________(able) to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.31. (2022全国乙卷C篇)What makes the ____________(apply) of drones to rail lines possible? The use of drones in checking on power lines.32. (2022全国乙卷C篇)What function is expected of the rail drones? To make trains run ____________ (automatic).【答案】19. reliability, at 20. to make, on 21. to examine, precisely 22. more regularly 23.savings, safety 24. is calculated, 25. dangerous, assisting 26. latest, detecting 27. To perform 28. autonomously 29. advanced 30. ability 31. application 32. automatically阅读理解D篇33. (2022全国乙卷D篇) The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money ____________ Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first ____________ (office) data on the policy has shown.34. (2022全国乙卷D篇) First ____________(announce) in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks ____________(contain) more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to helpreduce childhood obesity(肥胖).35. (2022全国乙卷D篇) ____________is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the ____________(recommend) level of sugar, putting them at a ____________ (high) risk of the disease.36. (2022全国乙卷D篇) ____________(initial) the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. ____________, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount.37. (2022全国乙卷D篇) At present it is expected ____________(generate) £240m for the year ending in April 2019, ____________ will go to school sports.38. (2022全国乙卷D篇) It comes after more than half of soft drinks ____________(sell) in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid __________ (pay) the tax.39. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Drinks now contain 45 million fewer ____________(kilo) of sugar asa result of manufacturers' efforts ___________(avoid) the charge, according to Treasury figures.40. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Since April drinks companies ____________(force) to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, ____________(depend) on the sugar content.41. (2022全国乙卷D篇) However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing ____________(change) for fear of upsetting consumers.42. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free ________ the tax, as are small companies ________(manufacture) fewer than 1m litres per year.43. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising ____________(million) of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and ____________(healthy) eating in schools.44. (2022全国乙卷D篇) Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great ____________(importance), and the industry is playing its part.45. (2022全国乙卷D篇) What can be inferred about the ____________(adopt) of the sugar tax policy? It is a success story.【答案】33. as, official 34. announced, containing 35. It, recommended, higher 36. Initially, However 37. to generate, which 38. sold, paying 39. kilos, to avoid 40. have been forced, depending 41. to change 42. of, manufacturing 43. millions, healthier 44. importance 45. adoption阅读理解七选五46.(2022全国乙卷七选五) Friendship needs care and attention ____________(keep) it in good health. Here are five ways ____________(sustain) long-distance friendships.47.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·Set a regular date. Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic ____________ both sides ____________(equal) contact (联系) and share with one another.48.(2022全国乙卷七选五) With busy schedules, ____________(squeeze) in phone calls can bea challenge. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick ____________ it.49.(2022全国乙卷七选五)·More isn’t always merrier. Make sure you have communicated with your friend about ____________ frequently each of you wants ____________(contact) and what method works best for you both.50.(2022全国乙卷七选五)Compensate by ____________(write) letters. There are ____________(alternative) alternatives to constant written ____________(communicate), such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.51. (2022全国乙卷七选五)·Practise empathy (共情). You may be the friend who left or the one。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英美文学选读》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】What he had done is _______A.valueB.of valuableC.of no valueD.of no valuable2.【单选题】Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in( ).A.the westB.the southC.AlaskaD.New England3.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one -eighth of it being abov e water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy about prose style was put forward by( ).A.William FaulknerB.Henry JamesC.Ernest HemingwayD.F· Scott Fitzgerald4.【单选题】Hemingway’s “Indian Camp ” is one of the fourteen short stories collected under the title of( ).This title is very ironic because there is no peace at all in the stories.A.Three Stories and Ten PoemsB.Across the River and into the TreesC.The Green Hills of AfricaD.In Our Time5.【单选题】The( )Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A.LostB.JazzC.ReasonD.Gilded6.【单选题】After the American Civil War,the literary interest in the so- called “reality ” of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of( ).A.RealismB.Reason and RevolutionC.RomanticismD.Modernism7.【单选题】The attitude towards life that( )had been trying to demonstrate in his works is known as “grace under pressure ”.A.William FaulknerB.Theodore DreiserC.Ernest HemingwayD.F·Scott Fitzgerald8.【单选题】Eugene O’Neill ’s first full — length play,( ),won him the first Pulitzer theme is the choice between life and death,the interaction of subjective and objective factors.A.Bound East for CardiffB.The Hairy ApeC.Desire Under the ElmsD.Beyond the Horizon9.【单选题】The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and,especially,its sequence( )proved themselves to be the milestone in the American literature.A.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB.Life on the MississippiC.The Gilded AgeD.Roughing It10.【单选题】Ezra Pound,a leading spokesman of the “( ) ”,was one of the mostimportant poets in his time.A.Imagist MovementB.Cubist MovementC.Reformist MovementD.Transcendentalist Movement11.【单选题】William Faulkner set most of his works in the American( ),with his emphasis on the( )subjects and consciousness.A.North...NorthernB.East...EasternC.West...WesternD.South...Southern12.【单选题】Now many major employers are beginning to demand _______ the completion of schoolA.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than13.【单选题】Which of the following statements is NOT true of Emily Dickinson and her poetry?A.She remained unmarried all her lifeB.She wrote,1,775 poems,and most of them were published during her life time.C.Her poems have no titles,hence are always quoted by their first lines.D.Her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.14.【单选题】considered( ) “the true father of our national literature ”.A.Bret HarteB.Mark TwainC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman15.【单选题】Most literary critics think that Fitzgerald is both an insider and an outsider of( )with a double vision.A.the Jazz AgeB.the Age of Reason and RevolutionC.the Babybooming AgeD.the Post- Modern Age16.【单选题】At the age of eighty -seven,( )read his poetry at the inauguration of President John in 1961.A.Robert FrostB.Walt WhitmanC.Ezra Pound17.【单选题】The Financier,The Titan and The Stoic by Theodore Dreiser are called his “Trilogy of( ). ”A.HatredB.DeathC.DesireD.Fate18.【单选题】In Go Down,Moses,( )illuminates the problem of black and white in Southern society as a closeknit destiny of blood brotherhood.A.William FaulknerB.Jack LondonC.Herman MelvilleD.Nathaniel Hawthorne19.【单选题】“The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one- eighth of it being above water. ” This “iceberg ” analogy is put forward by( ).A.Mark TwainB.Ezra PoundC.William FaulknerD.Ernest Hemingway20.【单选题】The Nobel Prize Committee highly praised( )for “his powerful style -forming mastery of the art ” of creating modern fiction.A.Ezra PoundB.Ernest HemingwayC.Robert FrostD.Theodore Dreiser第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】That is the house _______ you can enjoy the scenery.A. in thatB.thatC.whichD.from which2.【单选题】( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th —century “stream— of —consciousness ” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A.Theodore DreiserB.William FaulknerC.Henry JamesD.Mark Twain3.【单选题】In 1950,( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.William FaulknerB.Robert FrostC.Ezra PoundD.Ernest Hemingway4.【单选题】In 1920,( )published his first novel This Side of Paradise which was,to some extent,his own story.A.F·Scott FitzgeraldB.Ernest HemingwayC.William FaulknerD.Emily Dickinson5.【单选题】This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different agesA.withB.forC.toD.in6.【单选题】Mark Twain’s particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism, ” a unique va riation of American literary( ).A.romanticismB.nationalismC.modernismD.realism7.【单选题】The Portrait of A Lady is generally considered to be( )masterpiece,which describes the life journey of an American( )in a European cultural environment.A.Henry Adams’…widowB.William James ’…girlC.Henry James’…girlD.Theodore Dreiser ’s…widow8.【单选题】Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ________ the crisis.A.handlesB.conductsC.observesD.directs9.【单选题】She disagrees ______ him ______ everything.A.with, onB./, onC.with, atD.on, with10.【单选题】Henry James’ fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the( )theme.A.internationalB.localC.colonialD.post-modern11.【单选题】In most of his writings,( )deliberately broke up the chronology of his narrative by juxtaposing the past with the present,in the way the montage does in a movie.A.Walt WhitmanB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD. Fitzgerald12.【单选题】The teacher told us the fact _______.A.which the earth moves around the sunB.that the earth moved around the sunC.that the sun moves around the earthD.that the earth moves around the sun13.【单选题】It was his masterpiece The Great Gatsby that made( )one of the greatest American novelists.A. FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemmingwayD.Gertrude Steinbeck14.【单选题】In 1950,one of the leading American writers( )was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust.A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.William FaulknerD.Fitzgerald15.【单选题】“My last Duchess ” is a poem that best exemplifies Robert Browning ’s( ).A.sensitive ear for the sounds of the English languageB.excellent choice of wordsC.mastering of the metrical devicese of the dramatic monologue16.【单选题】William Faulkner once said that( )is a story of “lost innocence, ” which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Great GatsbyB.The Sound and the FuryC.Absalom,Absalom!D.Go Down,Moses17.【单选题】Mark Twain employed an unpretentious style of( )in his novels which is best described as “vernacular ”.A.standard EnglishB.Afro-American EnglishC.colloquialismD.urbanism18.【单选题】In the original test，all the animals in a test group are given a substance _______ half of them dieA.unlessB.untilC.lestD.provided19.【单选题】Like all naturalists,( )was restrained from finding a solution to the social problems that appeared in his novels and accordingly almost all his works have tragic endings.A.Theodore DreiserB.Henry JamesC.Washington IrvingD.Walt Whitman20.【单选题】Man is a “victim of forces over which he has no control. ” This is a notion held strongly by( ).A.Robert FrostB.Theodore DreiserC.Henry JamesD.Hamlin Garland第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C本题解析：of+n=adj ，可以作表语。

托福阅读tpo54全套解析阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (4)题目 (5)答案 (9)背景知识 (10)阅读-2 (10)原文 (10)译文 (12)题目 (13)答案 (18)背景知识 (20)阅读-3 (25)原文 (26)译文 (27)题目 (28)答案 (33)背景知识 (35)阅读-1原文The Commercialization of Lumber①In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood.Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.It is durable and strong, yet soft enough to be easily worked with even the simplest of hand tools.It also floats nicely on water, which allowed it to be transported to distant markets across the nation.The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide.②By 1860, the settlement of the American West along with timber shortages in the East converged with ever-widening impact on the pine forests of the Great Lakes states. Over the next 30 years, lumbering became a full-fledged enterprise in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Newly formed lumbering corporations bought up huge tracts of pineland and set about systematically cutting the trees. Both the colonists and the later industrialists saw timber as a commodity, but the latter group adopted a far more thorough and calculating approach to removing trees. In this sense, what happened between 1860 and 1890 represented a significant break with the past. No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products. By the 1870s, farmers and city dwellers alike purchased forest products from large manufacturingcompanies located in the Great Lakes states rather than chopping wood themselves or buying it locally.③The commercialization of lumbering was in part the product of technological change. The early, thick saw blades tended to waste a large quantity of wood, with perhaps as much as a third of the log left behind on the floor as sawdust or scrap. In the 1870s, however, the British-invented band saw, with its thinner blade, became standard issue in the Great Lakes states' lumber factories.Meanwhile, the rise of steam-powered mills streamlined production by allowing for the more efficient, centralized, and continuous cutting of lumber. Steam helped to automate a variety of tasks, from cutting to the carrying away of waste. Mills also employed steam to heat log ponds, preventing them from freezing and making possible year-round lumber production.④For industrial lumbering to succeed, a way had to be found to neutralize the effects of the seasons on production. Traditionally, cutting took place in the winter, when snow and ice made it easier to drag logs on sleds or sleighs to the banks of streams. Once the streams and lakes thawed, workers rafted the logs to mills, where they were cut into lumber in the summer. If nature did not cooperate—if the winter proved dry and warm, if the spring thaw was delayed—production would suffer. To counter the effects of climate on lumber production, loggers experimented with a variety of techniques for transporting trees out of the woods. In the 1870s, loggers in the Great Lakes states began sprinkling water on sleigh roads, giving them an artificial ice coating to facilitate travel. The ice reduced the friction and allowed workers to move larger and heavier loads.⑤But all the sprinkling in the world would not save a logger from the threat of a warm winter. Without snow the sleigh roads turned to mud. In the 1870s, a set of snowless winters left lumber companies to ponder ways of liberating themselves from the seasons. Railroads were one possibility.At first, the remoteness of the pine forests discouraged common carriers from laying track.But increasing lumber prices in the late 1870s combined with periodic warm, dry winters compelled loggers to turn to iron rails. By 1887, 89 logging railroads crisscrossed Michigan, transforming logging from a winter activity into a year-round one.⑥Once the logs arrived at a river, the trip downstream to a mill could be a long and tortuous one.Logjams (buildups of logs that prevent logs from moving downstream) were common—at times stretching for 10 miles—and became even more frequent as pressure on the northern Midwest pinelands increased in the 1860s. To help keep the logs moving efficiently, barriers called booms (essentially a chain of floating logs) were constructed to control the direction of the timber. By the 1870s, lumber companies existed in all the major logging areas of the northern Midwest.译文木材的商业化①在19世纪的美国，几乎所有建筑材料都含有木材。

第一章翻译的基本概念与知识Part l．翻译溯源1．1唐时期的佛经翻译早在西汉哀帝时期，有个叫伊存的人到中国来口传一些简短的佛教经句但不是真正意义的佛经翻译。

西汉武帝时期张骞出使西域，接触了佛经，从此，拉开了佛经翻译的序幕。

佛经的翻译正式始于东汉桓帝建和二年。

波斯人安世高翻译了《安般守意经》等三十多部经书；竺法护翻译了175部经书，对佛教的流传作出了巨大的贡献。

此外，安清、支亮、支谦等在当时也很有必要名气。

东晋到隋时期的翻译事业有了进一步的发展。

道安主持译场，严格主张直译，还请来印度人鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva。

鸠摩罗什一改古直风格，主张意译，译著有《金刚经》、《法华经》等三百余卷，为我国的翻译文学奠定了基础。

南北朝时期的印度学者真谛Paramartha翻译了《摄大乘论》等49部经论，对中国的佛教思想有较大的影响。

唐朝，是我国佛经翻译的鼎盛时期，翻译大家玄奘在唐太宗贞观二年去印度取经，历时间17年，带回佛经657部，《西游记》A Pilgrimage to the West便是以他的取经经历为蓝本的。

在19年里，共翻译山75部佛经，多达1335卷，1300多万字。

他不仅把佛经翻译成汉语，而且是将老子著作翻译成梵文，他是将汉语著作介绍给外国人的中国第一人。

1．2明清时期翻译明未有许多有志之士认识到西方科学的先进，立志引进西学，其中，徐光启贡献最大。

他与意大利传教士利马竇，M. Ricci合译了欧几里得《几何学》。

清朝在各地专设翻译出版机构，西方流行的政治学说与文化艺术大规模地传进中国。

贡献较人的有晚清的严复，他在13年期间翻译了一些西方政治经济学说，如赫胥黎(T.H．Huxley)著的《天演论》Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays、亚当·斯密(A. Smith)著的《原富》An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations、约翰·穆勒(J．s．Mill)著的《群己权界论》On Liberty 及甄克思E. Jenks著的A History of Politics《社会通诠》等。

介绍卢浮宫英语作文The Louvre Museum, often simply referred to as the Louvre, is one of the world's largest and most renowned museums, located in the heart of Paris, France. It is home to thousands of works of art, ranging from paintings and sculptures to antiquities and decorative arts, spanning from ancient civilizations to the 19th century.The Louvre's origins date back to the 12th century when itwas a fortress built by King Philip II. Over time, thebuilding evolved into a royal residence, and in 1793, it was transformed into a public museum during the French Revolution, making it accessible to the masses.Visitors to the Louvre are greeted by the iconic glass pyramid, a modern architectural marvel designed by I.M. Pei, which serves as the museum's main entrance. Thisjuxtaposition of old and new is a testament to the museum's commitment to preserving history while embracing the future.Among the Louvre's vast collection, the most famous piece is arguably the "Mona Lisa," painted by Leonardo da Vinci. This enigmatic portrait draws countless visitors each year whocome to marvel at the subtle smile and the artist's masterful use of sfumato, a technique that creates a soft transition between colors.The museum is divided into several departments, each focusingon different periods and regions. For instance, the Department of Egyptian Antiquities houses a comprehensive collection of artifacts from ancient Egypt, including the famous bust of Nefertiti. The Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities showcases sculptures and mosaics from the classical world, such as the "Venus de Milo."Art enthusiasts will also appreciate the extensive collection of European paintings, which includes masterpieces by renowned artists such as Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Rubens. The Louvre's collection of decorative arts spans from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, offering a glimpse into the craftsmanship and aesthetics of various eras.Visiting the Louvre is an immersive experience that allows one to travel through time and explore the artistic achievements of humanity. It is not only a treasure trove of art but also a symbol of cultural heritage and the enduring legacy of creativity. Whether you are an art historian, a casual observer, or a student, the Louvre offers an unparalleled opportunity to engage with some of the world's most significant artistic expressions.。

卢浮宫介绍英文版法国巴黎是世界文明的艺术之都，它不仅以秀丽的风景吸引着来自世界各地的人，更以其光彩夺目的艺术明珠另人心往神迷。

这颗明珠就是Louvre，卢浮宫-举世瞩目的艺术宝库……Louvre, national art museum of France and the palace in which it is housed, is located in Paris, on the Right Bank of the Seine River. The structure, until 1682 a residence of the kings of France, is one of the largest palaces in the world. It occupies the site of a 13th-century fortress. The building of the Louvre was begun in 1546 in the reign of Francis I, according to the plans of the French architect Pierr e Lescot. Additions were made to the structure during the reigns of almost every subsequent French mon arch.* fortress：“堡垒”、“阵地”等意思。

卢浮宫建造于13世纪的一个堡垒的旧址之上。

* reign：“统治时期”。

卢浮宫是于1546年弗郎西斯一世在位时开始修建的。

* subsequent：“随后的”、“后来的”等意思。

* monarch：“君主”、“帝王”。

据法国建筑师Pierre Lescot的修建计划所载，Francis I以后的每一位法国君主都对卢浮宫进行了增建。

Under Henry IV, in the early 17th century, the Grand Galerrie, now the main picture gallery, which borders the Seine, was completed. Under Napoleon III a wing on the north side was finished. By the m id-19th century the vast complex was completed; covering more than 48 acres, it is a masterpiece of arc hitectural design and sculptural adornment.* Grand Galerrie：卢浮宫著名的大画廊。