语法词汇英语表达

词汇及语法知识汇总1.be动词顺口溜:(我I)用am,(你you)用are,is跟着(他he),(她she),(它it),is跟着单数走,复数永远连着are2.一般疑问句:1)由be动词(am/is/are)开头的问句:Is he a pupil?Are you a teacher?2)助动词do/does开头的问句3)情态动词can开头的问句4)动词have/has开头的问句3. 规则名词单数变复数：1)一般情况下，在名词后加-s;2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es;3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s;4)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-s;“辅音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-es;5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es; 顺口溜:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。

注：roof-roofs写出下列名词的单（复）数形式：boy________butterfly________month________watch________photo________tomato_________ foot________child___________man_________sheep_________teeth_________women________ fish________mice___________potatoes_______radios________knives________babies________ boxes_______toys___________family_________book_________horse________glass_________ tooth________Chinese________knife__________bus__________box__________desk________ baby________men___________bed___________deer__________fish__________ox__________ texts________leaf__________factory_________thief_________mouse_________deer________ German______Englishman__________________Japanese_______apple_________toy_________ chair_________student________woman_______film_________bird____________bus_________map__________hero__________dish__________class________radio____________church_____ party______4.一般疑问句的否定结构:把not放在一般疑问句的主语之后,即构成一般疑问句的否定结构.eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it?5.陈述句转疑问句及回答:This is a watch.- Is this a watch?Yes,it is(不许缩写).No,it isn’t(必须缩写).6.陈述句变否定句:This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch.7.主要字母组合的发音8.几个发音特殊的辅音字母A.字母c在a,l,o,r,u等前读[k],如come[k ʌm],coat[k əut] 等.字母c在e,I,y前读[s],如pencil[pensl]等B.字母g一般读[g],如go[gəu],leg[leg]等，字母g和e(即ge)在词尾读[dʒ],如orange[ɔrindʒ]等C.双写辅音字母虽然是两个相同的辅音字母写在一起，但只读一个音,如apple[æpl]egg[eg]等。

语鹅市安置阳光实验学校高考英语二轮专题语法高频语法词汇详解【1】 that１.引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，无具体意义。

A story goes that Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (上海2004NMET)2.关系代词，用于限制性定语从句。

如：Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (上海春2002NMET)3.程度副词，等于so.如：Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always that much to do. （广东2004NMET）4.用于强调句型中，起连接作用。

如：Why! I have nothing to confess. What is it that you want me to say? (上海2004NMET)5.替代词，既可替代可数名词，表特指；又可替代不可数名词，后接of。

如：I’m moving to countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city. (江苏2005NMET)【２】what1.引导名词性从句，担任句子成分。

如：A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津2004NMET)2.疑问代词，指不定范围的“什么”。

如：What do you think I should do to make up for the lost time?3.whatever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。

英语语法词汇详解be,have,give,get用法(1) “be”将所有事物还原为一种状态。

中文说动词“给”，英文说“you are here”，东西也在这里，是一种状态。

另一个例子：“I'll be right there.---我很快就会到。

我们的意思是“to”，英语的意思是“I'm there”。

示例：（1）我很快就会回来。

I'll be back soon.(2) （这是）我的款待。

（It is）my treat.(3) 你是个好舞者。

你跳得真好。

You're a good dancer.(4) 说来话长。

很长的故事。

lt's a long story.(5) 你了解小鸡吗？他们是一个巨大的责任。

Do you know anything about chicks？They are a huge responsibility.你知道怎么养小鸡吗？他们需要付出很多努力来照顾。

（这个例子来自美剧《老友记》）(6) 如果我只是嗤之以鼻，他会在我家门口端上鸡汤。

即使我只是闻一闻，他也会端着一碗鸡汤出现在我家门口。

If I just snife,he3 at my door with chicken soup.更多示例：(1) 我们在哪里？我们在哪里说话？ Where were we？(2) 这些年你过得怎么样？这些年你过得怎么样？ How have you been these years？(3) 我不希望它太多。

我不想化太多妆。

I don' t want it to be too much.(4) 对不起，我想你可能在我们的座位上。

对不起，我想你在我们的座位上。

Sory, I think you may be in our my seats.(5) 有可能被洪水破坏。

可以用水清洗。

There are might be flood damage.(6) 你们去吧，我可能会等一会儿。

高考英语重点词汇语法用法总结大全1. ought to应当，应该2. keep up with跟上，赶上3. plenty of许多，大量的（作定语）4. in plenty许多，丰富（作状语）5. make a choice做出选6. now and then偶尔，时而7. prepare a dish做一道菜8. a balance diet均衡饮食9. be/go on diet在节食no longer不再10. be based on/upon以…为基础take medicine吃药11. be harmful to对…有害12. offer advise about/on提…的建议13. lose weight减肥14. cut …into pieces把…切碎15. gain weight=put on weight增肥16. make up for补偿17. get along with和…相处18. put up with忍受19. go for sb对某人也一样20. in large amount大批地21. be short of=be lacking of 缺乏，缺少22. do up one’s hair做发型23. refer to查阅，提到24. settle down定下心来，安家落户25. settle up付清，结账26. settle for勉强同意，接受27. settle in（使）习惯（环境等）28. settle on定居（短暂停留）of high/good quality高质量的29. sign an agreement with…与…达成协30. in relation to与…有关的31. but for要不是32. thanks to由于，幸亏33. apart from除…之外34. hand down传下来35. and so on等等36. in ancient time在古代37. go against违背38. guide to（介词）指导39. of (no) effect（无）效40. take effect生效，奏效41. bring/carry…into/to effect实施42. come/go into effect开始实施43. depend on/upon依靠44. That/It (all) depends.这很难说。

目录1.名词 ............................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1.1名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.2其他名词复数的规则变化 (5)1.3名词复数的不规则变化 (6)1.4不可数名词量的表示 (6)1.5定语名词的复数 (7)1.6不同国家的人的单复数 (7)1.7名词的格 (7)2.冠词和数词 (8)2.1不定冠词的用法 (8)2.2定冠词的用法 (8)2.3零冠词的用法 (9)2.4冠词与形容词+名词结构 (9)2.5冠词位置 (9)2.6数词 (10)3.代词 (10)3.1人称代词的用法 (12)3.2人称代词之主、宾格的替换 (12)3.3代词的指代问题 (13)3.4并列人称代词的排列顺序 (13)3.5物主代词 (13)3.6双重所有格 (14)3.7反身代词 (14)3.8相互代词 (14)3.9指示代词 (15)3.10疑问代词 (16)3.11关系代词 (17)3.12every , no, all, both, neither, nor (17)3.13none, few, some, any, one, ones (18)3.14代词比较辩异one，that 和it (19)3.15one/another/the other (19)3.16“the”的妙用 (19)3.17anyone/any one；no one/none；every/each (19)3.18both, either, neither, all, any, none (20)3.19many, much (20)4.形容词和副词 (21)4.1形容词及其用法 (21)4.2以-ly结尾的形容词 (21)4.3用形容词表示类别和整体 (21)4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 (22)4.5副词及其基本用法 (22)4.6兼有两种形式的副词 (23)4.7形容词与副词的比较级 (23)4.8as + 形容词或副词原级+ as (24)4.9比较级形容词或副词+ than (24)4.10可修饰比较级的词 (25)4.11many,old 和far (25)4.12the + 最高级+ 比较范围 (25)4.13和more有关的词组 (26)5.1系动词 (27)5.2什么是助动词 (28)5.3助动词be的用法 (28)5.4助动词have的用法 (29)5.6助动词shall和will的用法 (30)5.7助动词should和would的用法 (30)5.8短语动词 (30)6.动名词 (31)6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语 (31)7动词不定式 (32)7.1不定式作宾语 (32)7.2不定式作补语 (32)7.3不定式主语 (33)7.4It's for sb.和It's of sb. (34)7.5不定式作表语 (34)7.6不定式作定语 (34)7.7不定式作状语 (34)7.8用作介词的to (34)7.9省to 的动词不定式 (35)7.10动词不定式的否定式 (35)7.11不定式的特殊句型too...to (36)7.13不定式的特殊句型Why not (36)8.特殊词精讲 (37)8.1stop doing/to do (37)8.2forget doing/to do (37)8.3remember doing/to do (37)8.4regret doing/to do (37)8.6try doing/to do (38)8.7go on doing/to do (38)8.8be afraid doing/to do (38)8.9be interested doing/to do (38)8.10mean to doing/to do (39)8.11begin (start)doing/to do (39)8.12感官动词+ doing/to do (39)9.分词 (39)9.1分词作定语 (39)9.4分词作补语 (41)9.5分词作表语 (41)9.6分词作插入语 (41)9.7分词的时态 (41)10.独立主格 (42)10.1独立主格 (42)10.2With的复合结构 (42)11.动词的时态 (43)11.1一般现在时的用法 (43)11.3used to / be used to (44)11.4一般将来时 (44)11.5be going to / will (45)11.6be to和be going to (45)11.7一般现在时表将来 (45)11.8用现在进行时表示将来 (45)11.11用于现在完成时的句型 (46)11.12比较since和for (47)11.14延续动词与瞬间动词 (47)11.17将来完成时 (48)11.26一般现在时代替进行时 (50)11.27现在进行时代替将来时 (51)11.28时态一致 (51)1.29时态与时间状语 (51)12.动词的语态 (51)12.1Let的用法 (51)12.2短语动词的被动语态 (52)12.3表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 (52)13.句子的种类 (53)13.1句子的种类 (54)13.4用助动词进行强调 (56)14.倒装 (58)14.1倒装句之全部倒装 (58)14.2倒装句之部分倒装 (58)14.4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 (59)14.5only在句首要倒装的情况 (59)14.6as, though 引导的倒装句 (59)14.7其他部分倒装 (60)15.主谓一致 (60)15.1并列结构作主语谓语用复数 (60)15.6与后接名词或代词保持一致 (61)16.虚拟语气 (61)16.1真是条件句 (62)16.2非真实条件句 (62)16.4虚拟条件句的倒装 (63)16.7比较if only与only if (64)16.8It is (high) time that (64)17.名词性从句 (64)17.1引导名词性从句的连接词 (65)17.2名词性that-从句 (65)17.3名词性wh-从句 (66)18.定语从句 (67)18.1关系代词引导的定语从句 (67)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 (68)18.9关系代词that 的用法 (70)19.状语从句 (70)19.1地点状语从句 (70)19.2方式状语从句 (70)19.3原因状语从句 (71)19.4目的状语从句 (71)19.5结果状语从句 (71)19.6条件状语从句 (72)19.7让步状语从句 (72)19.8比较while, when, as (73)19.9比较until和till (73)19.10表示"一...就..."的结构 . (73)20.1并列连词与并列结构 (74)20.2比较and和or (74)20.3表示选择的并列结构 (75)20.4表示转折或对比 (75)20.5表原因关系 (75)20.6比较so和such (76)21.情态动词 (76)21.1情态动词的语法特征 (76)21.3比较may和might (76)21.4比较have to和must (77)21.5must表示推测 (77)21.6表示推测的用法 (77)21.7情态动词+ have +过去分词 (78)21.8should 和ought to (78)21.9had better表示"最好" (78)21.10would rather表示"宁愿" (79)21.14比较need和dare (80)22介词 (80)22.1介词的句法功能 (80)22.2主要介词区别 (80)1.名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。

英语高一必修一语法短语词汇英语教育最重要的是基础知识，也就是单词词汇语法和句子，那么高一英语必修一有哪些重点呢？小编整理了相关资料，希望能帮助到您。

高中英语必修一重点短语add up to 总共是add that。

补充说到13. in the form of … 以。

形式14. keep one’s balance 保持平衡、保持镇静lose one’s balance 失去平衡、心慌意乱off (one’s ) balance 失衡on balance 总的来说16. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事in turn 依次、反过来It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事17. used to do sth 过去常常做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事18. in the area of 在。

领域19. be proud of = take pride in 为。

感到骄傲/自豪20. be supposed to do sth 理应做某事21. be astonished at/by sth 对某事感到惊讶be astonished to do sth 对某事感到惊讶in astonishment 惊讶地语法归纳形容词和副词的比较等级考点一：倍数表达法1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as…▶ Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

▶ The dining room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。

2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than…▶ Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校是你们学校的两倍大。

3.倍数+the+名词(size，height，length，width，etc.)+of…▶ The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的三倍高。

小学英语十大词汇与语法总结形容词性物主代词1.形容词性物主代词8个：My your his her its our your their我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他(她、它)们的2.形容词性物主代词的特点：①译成汉语都有"的":my我的their他们的②后面加名词:my back pack③前后不用冠词a an theEg :This is a my eraser.(×)This is my eraser.(√)名词性物主代词1.名词性物主代词有8个：Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我们的、你们的、他(她、它)们的2.名词性物主代词的特点：①译成汉语都有"的"②后面不加名词③名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词eg:The pen is mine钢笔是我的(mine=my pen)指示代词和人称代词一、指示代词this、that、these、those是指示代词。

these是this的复数形式,指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

1.近处用this，远处用that-This is a flower.这是一朵花。

（近处）-That is a tree.那是一棵树。

（远处）2.放在一起的两样东西，先说this，后说that-This is a pen,that is a pencil.-这是一支钢笔，那是一支铅笔。

3.向别人介绍某人用This is...，不用That is...-This is Helen.这是海伦.-Helen,this is Tom.海伦，这是汤姆。

4.This is不能缩写，That is可以缩写-This is a bike.That's a car.-这是一辆自行车，那是一辆轿车。

英语语法专业术语表0英语语法专业术语表01. Morphology 词法2．Notional Words 实义词3． Form Words 虚词4．P arts of Speech 词性 5．The Noun 名词6．The Pronoun 代词7．The Numera l 数词8．The Verb 动词9．The Adjective 形容词10. The Adverb 副词11. The Article 冠词12. The Preposition 介词13. The conjunction 连词14. The Interjection 感叹词15. The Particle 小品词16. Word Building 构词法17. Conversion 转化18. Derivation 派生19. Composition 合成20. Pre fix 前缀21. Suffix 后缀22. Compound Words 合成词23. Classification o f Nouns 名词的分类24. Common Nouns 普通名词 25. Proper Nouns 专有名词26. Countable Nouns 可数名词27. Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词28. Th e Singular Form 单数形式29. The Plural Form 复数形式30. Individual N ouns个体名词31. Collective Nouns集体名词32. Material Nouns物质名词33. Abstract Nouns抽象名词34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36． Personal Pronouns 人称代词37. Possessive Pronouns 物主代词38. Self Pronouns反身代词39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代词40. Interrogative Pronouns疑问代词不达意41. Conjunctive Pronouns连接代词42. Relative Pronouns关系代词43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代词44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代词45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Obje ctive Case宾格47. Cardinal Numerals基数词48. Ordinal Numerals 序数词49. Fractional Numerals分数词50．Notional Verbs实意动词051. Link Verbs连系动词52. Auxiliary Verbs助动词53. Modal Verbs 情态动词54. Transitive Verbs及物动词55. Intransitive Verbs不及物动词56. Regular Verbs规则动词57. Irregular Verbs不规则动词58. Person人称59. Number数 60. Tense时态61. Voice语态62. Mood语气63. The Prin ciple Forms of Verbs动词的主要形式64. The Present Forms 现在式65. The Non-finite Forms of the Verb动词的非谓语形式66. The Participle分词67. The Past Forms过去式68. The Past Participle过去分词69. The Infi nitive不定式70. The Gerund动名词71. The Present Indefinite一般现在时72. The Past Indefinite一般过去时73. The Future Indefinite一般将来时074. The Past Future Indefinite一般过去将来时75. The Present Cont inuous现在进行时76. The Past Continuous 过去进行时77. The Future Con tinuous 将来进行时78. The Present Perfect现在完成时79. The Future Pe rfect将来完成时80. The Present Perfect Continuous现在完成进行时80. The Sequence of Tenses时态的呼应82. The Active Voice主动语态83. The Passive Voice被动语态84. The Indicative Mood陈述语气85. The Imperat ive Mood祈使语气86. The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气87. Sentences of Re al Condition真实条件句88. Sentences of Unreal Condition虚拟条件句89. Degrees of Comparison比较的级别90. The Comparative Degree比较级91. The Superlative Degree最高级92. Adverbs of Time时间副词 93. Adverbs of Place地点副词94. Adverbs of Manner方式副词95. Adverbs of Degree 程度副词96. Adverbs of Frequency频度副词97. Relative Adverbs关系副词98. Conjunctive Adverbs连接副词99. Interrogative Adverbs疑问副词100. The Definite Article定冠词101. The Indefinite Article不定冠词102. Coordinating Conjunctions并列连词103. Subordinating Conjunctions从属连词104. Syntax句法105. The Sentence句子106. The Subject主语107. Members of the Sentence句子成分108. The Predicate谓语109. The Object 宾语110. The Predicative表语111. The Attributive定语112. The Adverb ial (Modifier)状语113. The Appositive 同位语114. Declarative Sentenc e陈述句115. Imperative Sentence祈使句116. Exclamatory Sentence感叹句 117. Interrogative Sentence疑问句118. General Question一般问句11 9. Special Question特殊问句120. Alternative Question选择问句121. Di sjunctive Question反意问句122. Simple Sentence简单句123. Compound S entence并列句124. Complex Sentence复合句125. Compound Complex Sente nce并列复合句126. Simple Predicate简单谓语127. The Compound Predica te复合谓语0128. The Compound Verbal Predicate表行为的复合谓语129. The Compo und Nominal Predicate0表性状的复合谓语130. The Direct Object直接宾语131. The Indirect Object间接宾语132. The Complex Object复合宾语133. The Cognate Objec t同源宾语134. Independent Elements独立成分135. Direct Speech直接引语136. Parenthesis插入语137. Inserted Elements插入成分138. Indirect Speech间接引语139. The Nominative Absolute独立主格0 140. Phrases短语141. Participial Phrases分词短语142. Prepositio nal Phrases介语短语143. Infinitive Phrases不定式短语144. Infinitive Phrases不定式短语145. Phrasal Verbs短语动词146. Subordinate Clause 从句147. Main Clauses主句148. Subject Clause主语从句149. Object Cla use宾语从句150. Attributive Clause定语从句151. Predicative Clause表语从句152. Appositive Clause同位语从句153. Adverbial Clause状语从句154. Adverbial Clause of Time时间状语从句155. Adverbial Clause of Pl ace地点状语从句156. Adverbial Clause of Cause原因状语从句157. Adver bial Clause of Condition条件状语从句0158. Adverbial Clause of Degree (Result)结果状语从句159. Adverbi al Clause of Concession让步状语从句160. Adverbial Clause of Purpose 目的状语从句161. Adverbial Clause of Comparison比较状语从句162. Adve rbial Clause of Manner方式状语从句163. Restrictive Attributive Claus e限制性定语从句164. Non-restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句165. Limiting Attributes 限制性定语166. Natural Word-order自然语序167. Inversion倒装168. Full Inversion完全倒装0 169. Partial Inversion部分倒装170. Ellipsis省略171. Transformat ion of Sentences句子的转换172. Analysis of Sentences句子分析173. Pu nctuation标点符号174. Period (Full Stop)句号175. Question Mark问号1 76. Exclamation Mark感叹号177. Comma逗号178. Semicolon分号179. Col on冒号180. Quotation Marks引号181. Brackets括号182. Angle Brackets 角括号183. Parentheses (curves)圆括号184. Square Brackets方括号185. Brace大括号186. Dash破折号187. Hyphen连字符188. Apostrophe省略号1 89. Slant斜线号190. Asterisk星号191. Parallels 平行号0。

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词2. Word building 构词法conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词the indefinite article 不定冠词6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式the participle 分词the present participle现在分词the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense 一般现在时the past tense 一般过去时the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the active voice 主动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the imperative mood 祈使语气the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气9．Classification of adverbs 副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10．Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object 宾语the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements 独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语subject complement 主语补足语object complement 宾语补足语11．Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences 陈述句imperative sentences 祈使句exclamatory sentences感叹句interrogative sentences 疑问句general questions 一般疑问句special questions 特殊疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句tap questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句compound sentences 复合句complex sentences 并列句elliptical sentences 省略句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语infinitive phrases 不定式短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句main clauses 主句subject clauses 主语从句object clauses宾语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses 谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree / result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句sentences of real condition真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完全倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences 句型转换analysis of sentences 句子分析13. Punctuation 标点符号period/full stop 句号comma 逗号semicolon分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen连字号brackets 括号question mark 问号quotation marks 引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English 英语发音international phonetic国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress 次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏intonation 语调 a level pitch 平调rising tune 升调falling tune 降调。

英语语法词性一、实词1.名词（nouns）n.：名词是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。

名词可以独立成句。

在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。

名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等，专有名词的首字母要大写。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。

2.代词（pronoun）pron.：代词是代替名词的一种词类。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。

3.数词（numeral）Num.：表示“多少”和“第几”的词，叫数词。

其用法相当于名词或者形容词。

数词分为基数词和序数词两种。

4.形容词（adjective）adj.或a.：很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。

主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征。

形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。

5.副词（adverb)adv.：是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。

副词是一种半虚半实的词。

副词可分为：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词、频率副词和说明性副词等。

6.动词（Verb）v.：动词，就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。

基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。

二、虚词7.冠词（article) art.：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。

冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。

English grammar terms often used英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech noun 名词verb动词conjunction 连词词类pronoun 代词adverb 副词interjection 惋惜词numeral 数词article冠词particle 小品词adjective 形容词preposition介词2. Word building conversion 转变suffix 后缀构词法derivation派生compound words 合成词affixation词缀法prefix前缀3． Classification of nouns名词的分类common nouns一般名词individual nouns 个体名词material nouns 物质名词countable nouns 可数名词the singular form 单数形式the common case一般格the subjective case主格person 人称proper nouns 专有名词collective nouns 会集名词abstract nouns 抽象名词uncountable nouns不可以数名词the plural form 复数形式the possessive case所有格the objective case 宾格third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词self pronouns 反身代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词relative pronouns 关系代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词possessive pronouns物主代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词fractional numerals 分数词the superlative degree最高等the indefinite article不定冠词ordinal numerals 序数词the comparative degree比较级The definite article 定冠词6．Classification of verbs动词的分类national verbs 实义动词auxiliary verbs 助动词transitive verbs 及物动词regular verbs 规则动词the present forms 现在式the participle 分词the past participle 过去分词the gerund 动名词link-verbs 系动词modal verbs神情动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the past forms 过去式the present participle现在分词the infinitive 不定式bare infinitive 不带 to 的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense一般现在时the future tense一般将来时the present continuous现在进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past tense 一般过去时the past future tense一般过去将来时the past continuous 过去进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the past perfect过去完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、 Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the subjunctive mood 虚假语气the active voice 主动语态the imperative mood 祈使语气9．Classification of adverbs副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10． Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语subject complement 主语补足语object complement宾语补足语宾语/宾语11． Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences陈述句exclamatory sentences惋惜句general questions 一般疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句 tap questions 附加疑问句compound sentences复合句elliptical sentences 省略句infinitive phrases 不定式短语imperative sentences 祈使句interrogative sentences 疑问句special questions 特别疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句simple sentences简单句complex sentences并列句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句 mainclauses 主句 object clauses宾语从句subject clauses 主语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree/ result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 条件 / 程度 / 结果 / 退步 / 目的 / 比较 / 方式状语从句sentences of real condition 真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚假条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完满倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences句型变换analysis of sentences句子解析13. Punctuation标点符号period/full stop 句号comma逗号semicolon 分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen 连字号brackets 括号question mark问号quotation marks引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English英语发音international phonetic 国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative 磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏rising tune 升调intonationfalling tune语调降调a level pitch平调。

英语语法大全汇总（一）一、词类（Parts of Speech）名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.）表示人或事物的名称冠词英文名称The Artide(缩写为art.)用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物代词英文名称The Pronoun（缩写为pron）用来代替名词、形容词、数词形容词英文名称The Adjective（缩写为adj.）用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征数词英文名称The Numeral（缩写为num.）表示数量或是顺序动词英文名称The Verb（缩写为v.）表示动作或状态副词英文名称The Adverb（缩写为adv.）修饰动词、形容词、其他副词介词英文名称The Preposition（缩写为prep.）表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系连词英文名称The Conjunction（缩写为conj.）用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句感叹词英文名称The Interjection（缩写为interj.）表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感二、名词（Nouns）1、名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词：表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。

专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)普通名词：表示某些人、某些事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称普通名词又可进一步分为四类1)个体名称：表示单个的人和事物House、car、room、apple、fun、picture2）集体名称：表示一群人或一些事物的名称People、family、army、government、group3）物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形态和大小的个体的物质Fire、steel、air、water、milk4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念Labour、health、life、friendship、patience2、名词按其所表现的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词（Countable Nouns）是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词抽象名词物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下:1) 一般情况下,在词尾加-s.2) 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.4) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves.注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有：man-men、woman-women、foot-feet、tooth-teeth、mouse-mice、ox-oxen、sheep-sheep、dear-dear、fish-fish 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。

英语高级词汇及短语语法英语高级词汇及短语语法英语是一种西日耳曼语支，最早被中世纪的英国使用，并因其广阔的殖民地而成为世界使用面积最广的语言。

以下是店铺为大家收集的英语高级词汇及短语语法，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

英语高级词汇及短语语法11.allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 .2. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于.3. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责.4. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合.5. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for6. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉7. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力8. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.9. apply to 与…有关;适用10. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准11. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.12. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…13. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);14. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以… 为羞耻15. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向…保证, 使…确信.16. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结17. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…18. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料19. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法20. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果英语高级词汇及短语语法2ADSL（Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line，不对称数字订阅线路）AH（Authentication Header，鉴定文件头）AMR（Audio/Modem Riser，音效/数据主机板附加直立插卡）ARP（Address Resolution Protocol，地址解析协议）ATM（Asynchronous Transfer Mode，异步传输模式）BOD（Bandwidth On Demand，弹性带宽运用）CBR（Committed Burst Rate，约定突发速率）CCIRN（Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networking，洲际研究网络协调委员会）CCM（Call Control Manager，拨号控制管理）CDSL（Consumer Digital Subscriber Line，消费者数字订阅线路）CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口）CIEA（Commercial Internet Exchange Association，商业因特网交易协会）CIR（Committed Information Rate，约定信息速率）CTS（Clear to Send，清除发送）DBS-PC（Direct Broadcast Satellite PC，人造卫星直接广播式PC）DCE（Data Circuit Terminal Equipment，数据通信设备）DES（Data Encryption Standard，数据加密标准）DMT（Discrete Multi - Tone，不连续多基频模式）DNS（Domain Name System，域名系统）DOCSIS（Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications，线缆服务接口数据规格）DTE（Data Terminal Equipment，数据终端设备）EBR（Excess Burst Rate，超额突发速率）ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload，压缩安全有效载荷）FDM（Frequency Division Multi，频率分离）Flow-control（流控制）FRICC（Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee，联邦调查因特网协调委员会）FTP（File Transfer Protocol，文件传输协议）Ghost（General Hardware Oriented System Transfer，全面硬件导向系统转移）HDSL（High bit rate DSL，高比特率数字订阅线路）HTTP（Hyper Text Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）ICMP（Internet Control Message Protocol，因特网信息控制协议）IETF（Internet Engineering Task Framework，因特网工程任务组）IKE（Internet Key Exchange，因特网密钥交换协议）IMAP4（Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4，第四版因特网信息存取协议）Internet（因特网）IP（Internet Protocol，网际协议）ISDN（Integrated Service Digital Network，综合服务数字网络）ISOC（Internet Society，因特网协会）ISP（Internet Service Provider，因特网服务提供商）LAN（Local Area Network，局域网）LDAP（Lightweight Directory Access Protocol，轻权目录访问协议）LOM（LAN-on-Motherboard）IAB（Internet Activities Board，因特网工作委员会）IETF（Internet Engineering Task Force，因特网工程作业推动）L2TP（Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol，二级通道协议）LMDS（Local Multipoint Distributed System，局域多点分布式系统）MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension，多用途因特网邮件扩展协议）MNP（Microcom Networking Protocol）MODEM（Modulator Demodulator，调制解调器）NAT（Network Address Translation，网络地址转换）NC（Network Computer，网络计算机）NDS（Novell Directory Service，Novell目录服务）NNTP（Network News Transfer Protocol，网络新闻传输协议）MSN（Microsoft Network，微软网络）OFDM（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，直角频率部分多路复用）P3P（Privacy Preference Project，个人私隐安全平台）PDS（Public Directory Support，公众目录支持）PGP（Pretty Good Privacy，优良保密协议）PICS（Platform for Internet Content Selection，因特网内容选择平台）POF（Polymer Optical Fiber，聚合体光纤）POP3（Post Office Protocol Version 3，第三版电子邮局协议）PPTP（Point to Point Tunneling Protocol，点对点通道协议）RADSL（Rate Adaptive DSL，速率自适应数字订阅线路）RARP（Reverse Address Resolution Protocol，反向地址解析协议）RDF（Resource Description Framework，资源描述框架）RSA（Rivest Shamir Adlemen，一种因特网加密和认证体系）RTS（Request To Send，需求发送）SIS（Switched Internetworking Services，交换式网络互联服务）S/MIME（Secure MIME，安全多用途因特网邮件扩展协议）SNMP（Simple Network Management Protocol，简单网络管理协议）SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，简单邮件传输协议）SKIP（Simple Key Exchange Internet Protocol，因特网简单密钥交换协议）SUA（Single User Account，单用户账号）TCP（Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议）UART（Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，通用异步接收/发送装置）UDP（User Datagram Protocol，用户数据报协议）ULS（User Location Service，用户定位服务）VOD（Video On Demand，视频点播）WWW（World Wide Web，万维网，是因特网的一部分）商务英语词组大全19trust fund 信托基金trust receipt 信托收据type sample 标准样品ultimate consumer 最后消费者unassignable letter of credit 不可转让信用证unclean B/L 有债务提单unconditional delivery 无条件交货unconfirmed credit 未确认信用证unconfirmed letter of credit 未确认信用证uncontrollable costs 不能控制的成本unearned income 未获利润unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差unfavorable trade balance 贸易顺差unfilled orders 未发货的订单unfinished work 未完成的`工作uniform customs and practice for documentary credits 押汇信用证统一惯例实务uniform prices 固定价格unilateral trade 单边贸易unindorsed check 未经背书的支票unit cost 单位成本unload carge 卸货unprecedented rise 空前涨价unprecedented sales 空前销售unreasonable prices 不合理价格unskilled labor 不熟练工人unsuccessful bidder 未得标商人unused balance of letter of credit 信用证未用余额upset price 开拍价格，最低价格usual discount 普通折扣valid period 有效期限validity 有效期valuable merchandise 贵重品value of import 输入价值variable cost 可变成本variable expenses 可变费用ventilated compartment 通风舱verbal (oral) contract 口头契约vice-general manager 副总经理volume (space) tons 容积吨voyage charter 论次计租轮voyage policy 航程保单warehouse certificate 仓库凭单warehouse to warehouse clause 仓库到仓库的保险条款warehouse receipt 仓单，存货，仓库收据warehouse warrant 仓单water stain 水渍wear and tear 日久耗损weekly reports 周报weight list 重量单weight tons 重量吨weights and measures 度量衡well-assorted goods 各色俱全的货物wharf(pier, quay) 码头wholesale business 批发业wholesale dealers 批发商wholesale goods 批发货wholesale merchant 批发商wholesale price 批发价with average 全损之外担保分损with recourse 有追索权with particular average 单独海损赔偿without recourse 无追索权without return 不可退货wooden case 木箱working capital 流动资本，资本周转金working day 工作日working expenses 工作费用，经营费用working hours 工作时间World Bank 世界银行world market 世界市场world's fair 万国博览会wrapping paper 包装纸written agreements(contracts) 书面契约written contract 正式合同written document 书面证明written evidence 字据written permission 书面许可证yearly installment 按年摊付Zone Improvenment Program (ZIP) 邮政编码商务英语词组大全18storage charges 存货费用straight bill of lading 收货人抬头提单，不转让提单straight credit 直接信用证straight letter of credit 简明信用证strong firm 有气色strong market 市面旺盛subsidiary company 附属公司successful bidder 拍卖成交，得标商sundries (all sorts of goods) 杂货superior quality 优等品supervision 监督superfine quality 极上品supply and demand 供需supply department 供应部supporting document 原始单据，证明文件survey method 调查法surveyor's certificate 鉴定证书surveyor's report 验货报告书，公证人报告suspend payment 停止支付suspension of business 停业suspension of publication 停刊synthetic industry 人工合成工业table of freight charges 运费表table of rates 税率表tabulated quotation 行情表Taiwan Supply Bureau 台湾物资局Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau 台湾烟酒公卖局tale quale (tel quel) 现状条件tally 点数，计数tally man 点数人，卖赊人tally sheet 计数纸tax bearer 纳税人tax collection office 征税局tax exemption 免税tax exemption certification 免税证tax evasion 逃税，漏税tax free 免税的tax free imports 免税进口货telegraphic address 电报挂号telegraphic transfer 电汇telephone directory 电话号码薄temporary employment 短工temporary payments 暂付款项temporary receipt 临时收据term bill 期票terms of credit 信用证条件termination of contract 合约终止termination of employment 雇佣终止，解雇terms of sale 销售条件textile factory 纺织厂thanks for patronage 铭谢惠顾this side up 此端向上through bill of lading 联运提货单tight money market 银根紧的金融市场time bill 期票time charter 定期租船契约time deposit 定期存款time draft 远期汇票time letter of credit 远期信用证time limits 期限time of delivery 交货时日tissue paper 薄纸，棉纸total amount 总计，总数total cost 总成本total loss 全部损失total price 总价total value 总值trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票transit clause 运输条款type of merchandize 货物种类type of payment 付款类别trade center 贸易中心trade channel 贸易途径trade discount 商业折扣trade disputes 商业纠纷trade mark 商标trade promotion division 贸易推广部trade zone 贸易地区trade secret 商业机密trading corporation 贸易各公司tranship goods 转口货travel allowance 旅行津贴traveller's check 旅行支票traveller's letter of credit 旅行信用证treasury bill 财政部证券treaty obligation 条约义务trial balance 电子表格trial order 试订单trial sale 试销trucking expenses 卡车运费商务英语词组大全17sell well 好卖，畅销seller's market 卖方市场（求过于供）selling agent 销售代理商selling cost 销售成本selling at half price 半价出售selling at less than cost 蚀本出售selling expenses 销货费用selling price 售价selling profit 销售利润selling rate 卖价，卖出比率semi-finished goods 半成品semi-manufactured goods 半成品service business 服务业service department 服务部settle a claim (bill) 解决赔偿settle account 结帐，清算，支付settlement of exchange 结汇share holder 股东shares of stock 股份ship (discharge) the cargo 装（卸）货shipped on board B/L 装运提单shipping advice 货运通知shipping agent 货运代理人shipping business 航运业shipping company 航运公司shipping documents 装运单据shipping expenses 装货费用shipping note 装货通知单shipping order 发货单shipping receipt 装货收条shipping sample 装船货样shipping space 舱位shipping ton 装载吨shipping weight (intake weight) 装船货物重量shipment sample 装运货物样本shop keeper 老板，店主shopping center 市场，购物中心short bill 短期汇票short contract 空头short credit 短期信用short form bill of lading 简式提单short tons 短吨shortage in weight 重量不足shut out 退关，轧出shut the book 停止交易signing of contract 签约sight bill 即期汇票sight draft 即期汇票sight letter of credit 即期信用证silver coin 银币simple contract 简约skyrocketing price 飞涨价格slack season (off season) 淡季slip system 传票制度small change 零钱small quantity 小量smuggled goods 走私货sole agents 包销，独家经理人special clause 特别条款special column 专栏special discount 特别折扣special expenses 特别开支special order 特别订货special price 特价special tax 特种营业税special value 特别价值speculative business 投机事业spot delivery 当场交付spot goods 现货spot sales 当场买卖stale bill of lading 失效提单stamp duty 印花税stamp tax 印花税standard 标准，准则standard of living 生活标准standard sample 标准样品standardization 标准化stand-by letter of credit 备用信用证state enterprise 政府企业state monopoly 国营专卖statement 表，报表，报告书，清单statement of assets and statement of loss and profit 损益表sterling area 英镑区sterling bloc 英镑集团stock in hand 有现货stock keeper 货物管理人stock market 股票市场stock on hand 存货，存货目录stop payment 止付stop work 停工storage (godown rent) 仓租，保管费商务英语词组大全16recipient of goods 受货人reciprocal buying 互相购买reciprocal demand 相互需求reciprocal purchase 相互购买reciprocity clause 互惠条款red bill of lading 红色提货单reduce the price 减价refined salt 精盐reflation 通货再膨胀registered 挂号的，登记过的registered capital 注册资本registered letters (post) 挂号信registered mail 挂号邮件registered trade mark 登记商标regular members 普通会员regular price 正常价格regular procedure 正规手续regular service 定期服务regular subscriber 常年订阅者reinsurance policy 再保险单reminder letter 催函remit money 划拨款项remittance permit 汇款核准书renminbi （RMB）人民币repeat offer 重复发价（发盘）report form 报告格式request notes 申请单restraint of trade 贸易约束restriction of import 进口限制resume business 复业retail business 小买卖，小生意retail dealer 零售商retail price 零售价retail store 零售店retail trader 零售商return cargo 回头货returned goods 退货revision of treaty 修正条约right of priority 优先权risk plan basis 实际危险制risk of breakage 破损险risk of hook damage 钩损险risk of leakage 漏损险risk of non-delivery 遗失险risk of oil damage 油污险risk of sling damage 吊索损险risk of sweat damage 潮腐险risk of theft and/or pilferage 盗窃险risk of warehouse to warehouse 仓库至仓库险rise in price 涨价rival commodities 竞争商品rival firms 竞争公司rock bottom price 最低价rough estimate 概算round voyage 全航程sales allowance 销货折让sale book 销货簿sale by brand and/or description 凭厂牌和说明售货sale by bulk 批发sale by description and/or brand 货物分类出售sale by inspection 看货买卖sale by sample 凭样本买卖sale by specification凭规格买卖，凭说明书买卖sale by standard 凭标准买卖sale by confirmation 售货确认书sale contract 售货合同sales invoice 销货发票sales letters 销货信件sales manager 营业主任，销售经理sales potential 推销潜力sale tax 销售税sales promotion 促进销售sales quotas 销货配额sales system 销售制度sales tax 销售税sales territory 销售区域sales woman 女推销员，女店员sample card 货样卡sample of goods 货样sample room 样品间savings bank 储蓄银行sea damage 海损sea risk 海险secondhand goods 旧货secondhand wooden case 旧木箱second party 乙方selected quality 上选品质selection 选择品，精选品sell goods 销货，行销sell on credit 赊销sell out 卖完商务英语词组大全15performance bond 履行保证perils of the sea 航海危险perils of the seas 海难petty cash 零用钱place of delivery 交货地点place of loading 装货处place of payment 付款地点plain telegram 明电planning of products 产品设计please turn over 请阅后页please pay 请付plywood and artificial board industry 夹板工业pocket money 零用钱poor workmanship 粗工port 港口，港市port duty 入港税port of arrival 到达港port of call （沿途）停靠港，暂停港port of delivery 卸货港，交货港port of embarkation 出发港port of sailing 起航港port of shipment 装货港port clearance 出口货单post card 明信片post office box 邮政信箱postal money order 邮政汇票pound sterling 英镑power of attorney 委任状，代理委任状prepaid expenses 预支费用prevailing price 当时价格prevailing rate 市价previous year 上年度price list 价格表prime quality 上等货prior period 上期private company 私人公司private enterprise 私营企业pro forma 估计的，假定的processed farm products 农业加工品profit and loss statement 营业损益表pro forma invoice 估价单，暂定的发票prohibitive price 惊人的高价promissory note 本票，借据，期票promotion expenses 推广费，推销费promotion policy 推销政策promotional allowance 推销津贴promotional literature 广告文件prompt delivery 实时交货prompt shipment 迅速装船proposal form 要保书pro rate 比例分配protective measure 保护办法protective system 保护贸易制度protective trade 保护贸易publication 出版物public agent 代办人public auction 公开拍卖public enterprise 公营企业public market 公开市场public relations 公共关系public tender 公开投标public weigher 公共重量检定人publicity agent 广告代理人，宣传员published price 定价purchase confirmation 购货确认书purchase contract 购货合同purchase expenses 购货费用purchase invoice 购货发票purchase mission 驻外采购团purchase order 购货订单purchasing agent 代购人，购买代理商purchasing cost 进货成本purchasing department 采购部purchasing power 购买力purchasing power of money 购买力quality certificate 品质证明书quality control 品质管制，质量控制quarantine office 检疫所quota system 配额制quotations 价目，估价单railway bill of lading 铁路提单railway freight 铁路运费raise a price 涨价rate cutting 降低运费（保险费）rate of discount 贴现率rate of exchange 汇率rate of interest 利率rate per annum 年率raw materials 原料raw sugar 粗糖received for shipment 收货候装recieved for shipment B/L 备运提单英语高级词汇及短语语法31. architectural industry 建筑工业2. map out 制定出3. city designing 城市设计4. beautify our life 美化我们的生活5. human civilization 人类文明6. cradle of culture 文化摇篮7. mainstream culture 主流文化8. cultural traditions 文化传统9. national pride 民族自豪10. local customs and practices 风土人情11. attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球12. artistic taste 艺术品味13. cornerstone 基石14. be closely interrelated with… 与…有密切关系15. adhere to the tradition 坚持传统16. architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为17. carry forward … 弘扬…18. cultural needs 文化需求19. reputation 声望20. maintain the world peace 维护世界和平21. cultural diversity 文化多元化22. cultural treasures 文化宝藏23. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流24. cultural reconstruction 文化重建25. spiritual civilization 精神文明26. heritage 遗产27. achievements of art 艺术成就28. tear down 拆除29. humane historical sites 人文历史遗址30. preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产31. blueprint 蓝图32. skyscraper 摩天大楼33. high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼34. city construction 城市建设35. well-structured 结构良好的36. crystallization 结晶37. visual enjoyment 视觉享受38. driving force 驱动力39. reconstruct 重建40. destruct 破坏41. artistic reflection 艺术反映42. give publicity to… 宣传…43. burden 负担44. cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45. national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46. remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47. symbol 象征48. artistic standards 艺术水准49. enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50.cultural devolution 文化退化英语高级词汇及短语语法41.目前for the meantime=at present=nowadays2.违反交通规则violate traffic regulations3.卓越成就remarkable achievements4.考虑take…into account/consideration=think about5.采取措施take a series of effective measures to do6.只要on the condition that =as long as7.认为hold the view that =think /maintain/argue/claim that8.不遗余力地去做spare no efforts to do=try one’s utmost to do9.结果as a consequence =as a result=In consequence10.决不能on no account=under no circumstances can we倒装11.与…交流意见compare notes with sb.=communicate with sb.=exchange opinions with sb12.即将来临round the corner=approaching=coming13.奉献contribute to=dedicate to=devote to14.提及refer to=talk about/of=mention15.在…的进程中over the course of=during the process of16.支持be in favor of=approve of=be for=advocate17.对某事痴迷be caught up in=be crazy about=be absorbedin=be addicted to18.毫无疑问It’s beyond argument that=There is no denying/doubt that.. without doubt = undoubtedly19.关键，重要之处在于the key to doing sth. lies in…=It’s of vital significance to…20.可以用做…的例证sth. can serve as a convincing example to illustrate …21. My e xperience of….. is a good case in point to illustrate…22.有意义make a difference=make sense23.由此以至于..so that..=…,thus making it ,resulting in/leading to the fact that…英语高级词汇及短语语法51.很多次a hundred times=many times2.首先to begin with=initially=firstly=first of all3.便宜的economical=cheap4.充分利用get the most use of =make the best of5.但是on the contrary=oppositely=but=however=nevertheless6.刻苦学习study diligently=study hard (副)7.非常extremely=very =rather8.重视attach importance to=place emphasis on=pay attention to9.根据according to=based on10.偶尔from time to time=occasionally=once in while11.丰富，富有wealthy=rich=abundant12.忽略lose sight of=overlook=ignore13.少数a handful of= a few14.同时meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time15.建设be under construction=construct=build下载全文。

英语语法词汇详解on the decline 用法1. on the decline在减少中，在下坡路上，在逐渐衰退Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline令人欣慰的是，吸烟量在逐渐下降。

His prosperity is on the decline.他的好光景日见衰败。

His father is on the decline.他父亲的身体越来越弱。

The forces of imperialism are on the decline.帝国主义的力量正在逐渐衰退。

In our town, interest in sports is on the decline.在我们这个镇，对体育的兴趣正在降低。

But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.它们得到保护之前需要我们做更多努力，因为野生鹤的数量正在下降，许多其他物种也似乎正在走向灭绝。

高考真题2. in decline在衰落中，走向衰落，在没落中Inflation is rampant and industry in decline.通胀势头严重，工业不断下滑。

He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his game is in decline.他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技日不如前。

The customs are in decline.风俗凌夷。

（风俗日渐式微。

）With his life in decline, he waited for death.他生命垂危，他只有等死了。

第二课1. cabbage n.卷心菜cab【出租车】bage【巴哥】出租车上的巴哥嘴巴里有卷心菜。

2. camera n. 照相机came【来come的过去式】ra【花姑娘】来了一个拿着照相机的花姑娘。

3. camp n./v.露营；营地c【月亮】a【1】mp【媒婆】月光下一个媒婆在营地露营。

4. captain n. 队长cap【帽子】ta【他】in【在……里面】带帽子的他在里面是队长。

5. card n.卡片car【汽车】d【的】在汽车的上面贴卡片。

6. carrot n. 胡萝卜car【汽车】rot【腐烂】汽车里面腐烂掉很多胡萝卜。

7. rot v.腐烂ro【肉】t【七】肉放七天就会腐烂。

8. center n.中心；中央ce【厕所】nt【农田】er【耳朵】在厕所和农田的中心有一对耳朵。

9. chair n.椅子chai【才】r【人】有才的人是坐在椅子上的。

10. cheap adj. 便宜的che【车】ap【阿婆】这辆车是阿婆买的最便宜的。

11. chess n.国际象棋che【车】ss【两个美女】车里德两个美女在下国际象棋。

12. chicken n.鸡；鸡肉chi【持】c【月光】ken【啃】在月光下又吃又啃鸡肉。

13. classmate n.同班同学class【班级】mate【伙伴】14. mate n.伙伴ma【妈妈】te【特】妈妈特别孤单，要找伙伴。

15. clean adj./v.干净的；打扫cle【可乐】an【一】可乐一定要喝干净的。

16. clerk n. 职员cle【可乐】rk【人口】喝可乐的人口是职员。

17. clever adj.聪明的cle【可乐】v【罗马数字：5】er【人物名词后缀：人】喝可乐的5个人是聪明的。

18. clock n.时钟c【月光下】lo【10】ck【刺客】月光下10个刺客看着时钟准备出发。

联想：alarm clock 闹钟19. clothes n. 衣服c【月光下】lo【10】the【这个】s【美女】月光下10点钟的时候这个美女的衣服被脱掉了。

七年级上册英语语法1.介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。

例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里2). on blackboard 在黑板上3). under表示"在……下"。

例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床上4). behind表示"在……后面"。

例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后5). near表示"在……附近"。

例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近6). at表示"在……处"。

例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口7). of 表示"……的"。

例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图2.冠词 a / an / the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。

冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。

1）不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。

a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book； an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

This is a cat. 这是一只猫。

It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。

His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。

五种英语语法功能词（1）情态动词与助动词（15个）情态动词具有一定的词汇含义，情态动词后接不带“to”的不定式共同构成复合谓语。

情态动词可以直接构成否定句和疑问句。

助动词除了构成否定句和疑问句外，谓语动词的时态除了一般现时和一般过去是通过谓语动词的形态变化来构成外，其它时态都需要通过助动词来构成。

英语情态动词can aux. 能够；可以；可能could aux. can的过去式shall aux.用于征求对方意见；表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁will aux.将要; 将会；用于请求would aux. will的过去式need aux. 需要may aux. 可以; 可能的过去式might aux.may 的过去式must aux.必须；应该should aux.应该dare aux.敢于used to aux. 用于表示过去真实或经常性的行为，特别强调现在不那样了ought to aux. 应当；应该应当；应该had better aux. 最好would rather aux.宁愿英语助动词be 用于构成时行时态和被动词语态is be的第三人称单数形式am be的第一人称单数形式are be的第二人称单复数现在式was be的单数过去式were be的复数数过去式do 用于构成疑问句和否定句have 用于构成完成时态has have的第三人称单数现在式had have的过去式（3）系动词（20个）系动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

be 表示判断turn 变得become 成为feel 感觉起来; 觉得grow（逐渐）变得taste 尝起来remain 仍然是keep 使保持(某种状态)fall 变成，进入（某种状态）get 成为；变成appear 好像，似乎smell 闻起来sound 听起来；令人觉得seem 看来；似乎turn out 结果是prove 证明为stay 保持; 继续是go 变得，成为lie 保留，保持(某种状态)weigh 重量有…；重…（4）连词（53个）连词是用来连接并列的语法成分或从句的语法功词，大多数连接有一定的含义，部分连词在句子中不充当语法成分，只起连接作用。

英语重点语法词汇详解In your mind1In your mind 和on our mindIn your mind=在你的思维里=你的想法、看法＝在你看来(判断思考后的结论想法)例如：This book is, in your mind, a masterpiece.在你看来，这本书是杰作。

On your mind≠在你的思维上面=心事，惦念(心中正在琢磨的想法)例句：What's on your mind?你在惦记什么呢？She's the type of person who just says what's on her mind.她是那种想什么说什么的人。

2out of your mind≠超出你的思维＝傻了，疯了（表示不理解、不赞同）例句：You sold the car at such a low price! Are you out of your mind? 这个车你卖这么便宜，你疯了吗？Lose your mind≠丢掉了思维= 失心疯，精神失常例句：What are you doing on the roof?你在房顶干什么？Have you lost your mind?你神经了吗？3speak your mind≠说出你的思维（想法）=告诉别人你的真实想法注意：真实想法不能表达为true mind，mind的本来的意思就是思维，思维可以分为open 和close (开放思维和固步自封的思维)没有真假之分例句：He's certainly not afraid to speak his mind.他当然不怕说出自己的真正想法。

4最典型的Chinglish小心碰头，这个随处可见的标语,经常被人翻译错Be careful of head是错误的！Careful=小心翼翼的(不做错或破坏某个东西)介词用withBe careful with knives！小心用刀（不然切手）正确的用法:小心碰头=Mind your head!当心脚下（小心台阶）＝Mind your step在英语中，要如何地道地表达“干饭”呢？feast /fiːst/v.尽情享用(美味佳肴)，干饭n. 节日；筵席，宴会▷The children had a midnight feast in their tents. 孩子们半夜在帐篷里饱餐了一顿。