桂林理工大学2020年《336艺术基础(A)》考研专业课真题试卷

艺术硕士《336艺术基础》考研重点考研真题精选一、名词解释1美元[中国传媒大学2019年研]答：“媚俗”是指迎合于世俗，缺乏自我思想、自我理智，只知随波逐流，和王国维的“眩惑”、叔本华的“媚美”有相同之处，都是指各种欲望的物或事对人形成的迷惑。

齐白石便说过，“作画妙在似与不似之间，太似为媚俗，不似为欺世。

”媚俗源于19世纪浪漫主义的德文词，它的原义是指戏剧上的吸引受众、矫揉造作包含了矫情虚假和趋时的意思。

米兰·昆德拉在《不能承受的生命之轻》中也提到了“媚俗”（刻奇kitch）这样一个概念。

“媚俗”无疑是昆德拉小说世界中最为重要的概念之一。

米兰·昆德拉指出媚俗就是坚持“自以为是的绝对”“多数情况下媚俗往往是指一种美化思想、拒绝真实的姿态即现代社会一种普遍的思维和行为定式”。

值得强调的是，媚俗不是庸俗、世俗、通俗。

米兰·昆德拉就指出一种“被讲过一千次的美”并认为这种美就是媚俗。

2形式主义[中国传媒大学2019年研]答：形式主义，是指在艺术、文学、哲学上，对形式而非内容的着重。

形式主义的思想根源和哲学基础是唯心主义和形而上学。

它的理论和创作实践都置内容于不顾，而把形式强调到一种绝对化的程度。

形式主义无限夸大形式的作用，否认内容的决定的、主导的地位；不具体分析事物的矛盾和不顾及事物的本质，只是按照事物的外部标志分类，取代对事物本质的认识；满足于甲乙丙丁的现象罗列，而不考虑事情的本质。

形式主义割裂形式和内容的有机联系，片面追求形式而忽视内容，是一种形而上学的观点和方法。

在艺术创作中，形式主义脱离活生生的社会生活，忽视艺术的思想内容，片面强调艺术的表现形式。

在现代资产阶级的文艺创作中，有些形式主义的流派，以各种方式宣传和实践“为艺术而艺术”的主张。

英美新批评派便认为，文学是一个独立的和独特的世界，不依赖于客观世界而存在，是一个完整的、封闭的客观实体。

他们反对“外在批评”，认为文学批评的焦点应该是作品本身，即“内在批评”。

2020年广西桂林理工大学英语翻译基础考研真题一、短语翻译（每小题1分，共20分）A．把下列词组翻译成汉语。

1.burn the middle night oil2. black tea3. build a fire4. heavy schedule5. beyond description6.to pull up one’s socks7.tourist industry8. ASEAN9.foreignizing translation10.an emergency exitB．把下列词组翻译成英语。

11.高贵的血统12.多如牛毛13.多边合作14.轻音乐15.三心二意16.合资企业17.《论语》18.译后编辑19.计算机辅助翻译20.实体经济二、句子翻译（每小题3分，共30分）A．把下列句子翻译成汉语。

1. This country was recovering its true self, drawing lessons both from its own mistakes and from its enemies.2. Will the Chinese cower before difficulties when they are not afraid even of death? The people fear not death, why threaten them with it?3. As relations between China and Australia develop, the continuing importance of expanding trade will be balanced by the development of close contact over a broad of political issues.4. Above all, China challenges all of us to be true to ourselves--- to build our new societies, not on alien forms borrowed indiscriminately, but on our own uniquehistorical experiences and cultural identities.5. The situation cannot be otherwise because our friendship and cooperation are based on our common sincere adherence to the five principles of peaceful co-existence.B．把下列句子翻译成英语。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：853考试科目名称：物理化学（A） （总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带无存储功能的科学计算器、三角板、2B铅笔、橡皮用具一、选择题（每小题3分，共30分）1. 在一定的T、P下，某真实气体的V m大于理想气体V m，则该气体的压缩因子Z （）。

（A）大于1；（B）等于1；（C）小于1；（D）无法确定；2. 根据热力学第二定律可知，任意循环过程中的（）（A）功与热可以完全互相转换；（B）功与热不能完全相互转换；（C）功可以完全转变为热，热不能完全转变为功；（D）功不能完全转变为热，热可以完全转变为功3. 445 o C时，反应Ag2O (s) 2Ag (s) + 0.5O2 (g) 的Δf G mӨ=11.20 kJ·mol-1，则Δf G mӨ(Ag2O,s)和Δf G mӨ(Ag,s)的值分别为（）（A）0kJ·mol-1和11.2kJ·mol-1；（B）-11.2kJ·mol-1和0kJ·mol-1；（C）11.2kJ·mol-1和0kJ·mol-1；（D）不能确定4. 关于理想稀溶液的依数性，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）它们只决定于溶质的分子量大小；（B）它们决定于溶质粒子数目；（C）他们与溶剂性质无关；（D）他们与溶质性质有关5. 对于弯曲液面所产生的附加压力Δp一定是（）（A）大于零；（B）等于零；（C）小于零；（D）不等于零6. 在一定温度下，分散在气体中的小液滴的半径越小，此液体的蒸汽压p r（）（A）越大；（B）越小；（C）越趋近于100kPa；（D）越是变化无常7. 基元反应2A→B为双原子反应，此反应的级数（）（A）可能小于2；（B）必然为1；（C）可能大于2；（D）必然为28. 胶体系统的电泳现象表明（）（A）分散介质带电；（B）胶体粒子带有电荷；（C）胶体粒子带正电荷；（D）胶体粒子处于等电状态9. 某反应的速率常数为0.099 min-1，反应物的初始浓度为0.2 mol.dm-3，则反应的半衰期为（）A. 7minB. 1.01minC. 4.04minD. 50.5min10. 已知无限稀释时Na2SO4和H2SO4的摩尔电导率分别为259.82×10-4 S·m2·mol-1和859.24×10-4 S·m2·mol-1，则NaHSO4的摩尔电导率为（）（A）559.53×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（B）1119.06×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（C）599.42×10-4 S·m2·mol-1；（D）无法确定二、判断题（每小题2分，共计20分）1. 体系的温度升高时就一定吸热，而温度不变时体系既不吸热也不放热（）。

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姓名： 报考专业： 准考证号码： 密封线内不要写题
2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案
科目名称：艺术基础（√A卷；□B卷）科目代码：336 考试时间：3小时 满分 150 分
可使用的常用工具：□无 □计算器 □直尺 □圆规（请在使用工具前打√）
6、隋唐的佛教建筑遍布全国，留存至今的仅有两座木构架殿堂建 筑均在山西五台山，即_______ _______。
二、名词解释题( 共8 小题，每小题 3分，共24分) 1、（ 3分）艺术生产 2、（ 3分）巫术
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3、（ 3分）文化大系统 4、（ 3分）佩夫斯纳（Nikolaus Pevsner） 5、（ 3分）折衷主义 6、（ 3分）唐三彩 7、（ 3分）工艺美术运动 8、（ 3分） 1851年伦敦“水晶宫”
）
A 立体派 B 构成派 C野兽派 D 印象派
10、马第斯是（
）艺术流派的代表人物。
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A 野兽派 B 构成派 C 达达主义 D 超现实主义
11、《洛神赋图》的作者是：（
）
A 唐寅 B 张大千 C 顾恺之 D王维
12、下列属于哥特式风格的代表建筑是：（ ）
四、论述题( 共3 小题，每小题15分，共45 分) 1、（
15分）中国传统艺术精神有哪些？在艺术设计活动中如何运用这些精神 ?并适当举例说明。
答案：围绕“道”、“气”、“心、”“舞”、“悟”、“和”六个艺术精神展开。 2、（ 15分）对比论述艺术批评和设计批评的关系和不同。
答案：设计批评首先隶属于艺术批评，其都具有审美欣赏、人文因素。普
姓名： 报考专业： 准考证号码： 密封线内不要写题

管理学院《管理学》课程试卷（含答案）__________学年第___学期考试类型：（闭卷）考试考试时间：90 分钟年级专业_____________学号_____________ 姓名_____________1、判断题（1分，每题1分）1. 菲德勒认为，任务取向的领导者在非常有利和非常不利的情境下会工作得更好。

（）[北科2012年研]正确错误答案：正确解析：根据菲德勒模型：环境非常好和非常不好时应使用以工作为主的任务型；当环境适中时应采用以人为主的人际型领导方式。

2、单项选择题（8分，每题1分）1. 激励的出发点是（）。

[北科2008年研]A．人的需求B．动机C．人的心理D．人的行为答案：B解析：从激励的内涵看，意味着组织中的领导者应该从行为科学和心理学的基础出发，认识员工的组织贡献行为。

即认识到人的行为是由动机决定的，而动机则是由需要引起的。

动机产生以后，人们就会寻找能够满足需要的目标，而目标一旦确定，就会进行满足需要的活动。

2. 某集团公司下属子公司A的一名资深技术人员，近期被调到子公司B任技术总监，而子公司B技术部门刚刚争取到几个新的、公司以前未曾涉猎过的研发项目。

根据菲德勒的权变领导理论，试分析在这种情况下，该总监具备什么样的领导风格才能产生较好的领导效果？（）[北科2008年研]A．关系导向型B．任务导向型C．成就导向型D．放任型答案：B解析：该总监是从子公司A调往子公司B的，与其下属还比较陌生，故领导环境较差；他的工作任务涉及新的、以前未曾涉猎过的研发项目，因此工作结构比较复杂；该总监由一名技术人员直接提拔为技术总监，其职位权力不高。

根据菲德勒的权变领导理论，在领导环境较差时，如果人际关系较差、工作结构复杂、职位权力弱，则领导者采取任务导向型的风格是比较有效的。

3. 某电器公司决定采取收购方式进入家用空调产业，以分散经营风险，从战略层次或类型的角度看，该战略属于（）。

[浙大2008年研]A．公司层战略B．事业层战略C．职能层战略D．技术运作层战略答案：A解析：公司层战略决定了公司所开展的、应当开展的或希望开展的业务以及开展这些业务所要做的工作，它建立在组织的使命、目标和组织业务单元将发挥的作用的基础之上。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）考试科目代码：835考试科目名称：土力学与地基基础（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带三角板、量角器、圆规、普通计算器用具一、简述题(每小题6分，共30分)1．简述土粒级配的概念及其对土体压实效果的影响。

2．简述超固结土的概念及其原始压缩曲线特征。

3．简述确定基础埋置深度时应考虑的主要因素。

4. 简述在什么情况下需进行桩基沉降计算。

5. 简述地基承载力特征值的主要影响因素。

二、论述题（每小题12分，共60分）1. 土体抗剪强度指标的室内试验方法有哪些？工程上在选择土体抗剪强度指标的试验方法时应考虑哪些主要因素？2. 在浅基础设计中，为什么要对地基承载力特征值进行深宽修正？如何修正？3. 试述桩的负摩阻力的基本概念与产生条件，以及考虑负摩阻力时单桩承载力验算的方法。

4. 试述黏性土界限含水率的基本概念、类型及其在工程中的应用。

5. 试述土体压缩系数的基本概念、变化特征及其工程应用。

三、计算题（每小题分数列于题后，共60分）1.某地基黏性土层，取原状试样进行室内土工试验。

用天平秤取50cm3的湿土质量为90.56g，烘干后质量为75.88g，土粒比重为2.70。

计算该土层土的天然密度、干密度、饱和密度、天然含水率、天然孔隙比以及饱和度。

（12分）2. 某挡土墙高5m，墙背直立、光滑，墙后填土面水平，作用有均布荷载q=30kPa。

墙后填土分两层，第一层为黏土，重度γ1＝18kN/m3，c1＝10kPa，φ1＝20º，h1＝3m；第二层为粗砂，重度为γ2＝17kN/m3，饱和重度为γsat2＝20kN/m3，c2＝0，φ2＝30º，h2＝2m，地下水埋深3m（位于两填土层的分界面）。

试求：（1）绘出主动土压力P a及水压力P w的分布图；（2）作用在挡土墙上的总主动土压力E a、水压力E w的大小；（3）作用在挡土墙上的总水平压力E a+E w的大小及作用点；（4）若地下水位下降1m，此时作用在挡土墙上的总水平压力是增大了还是减小了？（18分）3．某商厦柱基底面尺寸为4.00×4.00m，基础埋深d=2.0m。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：852考试科目名称：化工原理（A）（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带普通计算器用具。

一、单项选择题（每题1分，共30题，总共30分）1.当离心泵输送液体密度增加时，离心泵的也增大。

A. 流量B.轴功率C. 扬程D. 效率2.热量传递的基本方式是____ ____。

A. 恒温传热和稳态变温传热B. 导热给热和热交换C. 气化、冷凝与冷却D. 传导传热、对流传热与辐射传热3.一不饱和的空气其________温度最低。

A.干球温度B.绝热饱和温度C.露点温度D. 湿球温度4.一转子流量计，当流量为50m3/h时，测定流量计转子上下压差为250Pa，现流量变为150m3/h，则流量计转子上下压差为Pa。

A. 250B. 500C. 750D. 1505.流体在管道内作连续流动，在不同截面上，保持不变的物理量是________。

A. 温度B. 动能C. 机械能D.质量流量6.某塔高30m，进行水压试验时，离塔底l0m高处的压力表的读数为500kPa，(塔外大气压强为100kPa)。

那么塔顶处水的压强应为________。

A. 403.8kPaB. 698.1kPaC. 600kPaD.无法确定7.单级单吸式离心清水泵，系列代号为________。

A. ISB. DC. ShD. S8.孔板流量计是。

A. 变压差流量计，垂直安装B. 变截面流量计，垂直安装C. 变压差流量计，水平安装D. 变截面流量计，水平安装9.下列属于离心泵的不正常操作。

A. 改变离心泵转速B.改变离心泵叶轮的弯度C. 未灌满待输送液体运转D.关闭离心泵出口阀10.当热导率为常数时，单层平壁内的温度分布是分布的。

A.直线B.曲线C.折线D.不确定11.精馏过程是一个过程。

A.传热过程B. 传热和传质同时进行的化学过程B.传质过程D. 传热和传质同时进行的物理过程12.下列进料不影响理论塔板数。

桂林理工大学2021年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A）考试科目代码：871考试科目名称：机械设计（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1. 请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带三角板、2B铅笔、圆规、普通计算器用具一、填空题(每题2分，共20分)1. 一部机器基本的组成包括原动机部分、_______部分和______部分，其他还包括控制部分和辅助部分。

2. 零件的磨损过程大致分为三个阶段，即磨合阶段、_________阶段及_________阶段。

3. 螺纹联接的防松，按其防松原理分为__________防松、__________防松和破坏螺旋副运动关系防松。

4. 同一连接处采用两个楔键或两组切向键时，要错开_________。

5. 带传动的失效形式主要有_________和_________。

6. 链传动的链板一般制成8字形，以使它的各个横截面具有接近相等的_________，同时也减少了链的质量和运动时的________。

7. 在保证接触强度的前提下，增加齿数，除了能使重合度增加，有利于改善齿轮传动的_______外，还能降低______，减小齿轮尺寸。

8. 蜗杆头数越多，其传动效率_________，其自锁性__________。

9. 按基本额定动载荷设计计算的滚动轴承，在预定使用期限内，其失效概率最大为_________。

10. 心轴在工作中只受_______作用而不传递________。

二、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1．零件的工作安全系数为_____。

A、零件的极限应力比零件的许用应力；B、零件的工作应力比零件的许用应力；C、零件的极限应力比零件的工作应力；D、零件的工作应力比零件的极限应力；2．零件的截面形状一定时，当截面尺寸增大，其疲劳极限将随之______A、增高；B、不变；C、降低；D、不确定；3．当温度升高时，润滑油的粘度 ________。

A、随之加大；B、保持不变；C、随之减小；D、增大还是减小或不变，视润滑油性质而定；4. 当两被联接件之一太厚，不宜制成通孔，且需要经常拆卸时，往往采用____。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：840考试科目名称：设计综合(含快题设计) A卷（总分150分，三小时答完）考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带绘图工具①铅笔、绘图笔、橡皮、尺子。

②效果图上色工具，可选用水彩、水粉、彩铅、水性彩色笔、马克笔用具一、名词解释(每小题5分，共15分)1.玻璃链运动2.拉斯金的思想3. 伊顿二、选择题（每小题5分，共15分）1.包豪斯的基础课程是由多个老师分担的，基本要求接近，必须教授有关立体、平面、色彩的构成规律，但是具体课程则由教师自己安排，学生可以选择不同的教师。

康定斯基设置的课程有和自然的分析与研究。

A、造型、空间、运动和透视研究；B、分析性绘画；C、体积与空间练习；D、纸造型2 .流线型运动美国30年代的经济大危机也促使了流线型这一新设计风格的形成。

这种风格与当时的时代气氛，技术发展水半是很适应的。

流线型主要出现在产品设计上，特别是汽车、火车等交通工具，逐渐成为一种风格，是30年代很典型的一种风格，与包豪斯的大相径庭。

A、表现内容；B、装饰风格；C、设计方法；D、现代主义3.德国的现代主义设计运动1902左右开始有部分人从青年风格运动中分离出来，形成新的现代设计运动的中心，其中较重要的是贝伦斯。

他为德国电器公司设计企业形象，奠定了功能主义设汁风格的基础，是从早期探索的毕德迈耶风格中的重大进步。

而真正的开创者是穆特修斯，他坚决反对青年风格运动，反对艺术风格，追求没有风格的所所谓明确的实用性，宣传功能主义。

A、古典；B、传统；C、任何；D、现代三、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）1.勒·柯布西耶的设计特点有哪些?2.设计与美术的区别?四、快题设计（100分）小区装饰雕塑设计：为广西壮族自治区某市小区设计一件装饰性雕塑，可自由选择雕塑设计的内容、尺寸、材料及表现形式和手法，以强调雕塑装饰性的艺术效果为目的。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目代码：875考试科目名称：机械设计(A) （总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

2．考试需带三角板、圆规以及无存储功能的计算器用具一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1．塑性材料制成的零件进行静强度计算时，其极限应力为_______。

A、σsB、σbC、σ0D、σ-12．零件表面经淬火、氮化、喷丸及滚子碾压等处理后，其疲劳强度是______。

A、提高B、不变C、降低D、不能确定3．当压力加大时，润滑油的黏度_________。

A、随之增大B、保持不变C、随之减小D、增大还是减小，视润滑油性质而定4．对于连接用螺纹，主要要求连接可靠，自锁性能好，故常选用________。

A、升角小，单线三角形螺纹B、升角大，双线三角形螺纹C、升角小，单线梯形螺纹D、升角大，双线矩形螺纹5　螺栓的材料性能等级标成6.8级，其数字6.8代表_________。

A、对螺栓材料的强度要求B、对螺栓的制造精度要求C、对螺栓材料的刚度要求D、对螺栓材料的耐腐蚀性要求6　当半圆键连接采用双键时，两键应_______布置。

A、在周向相隔90°B、在周向相隔120°C、在周向相隔180°D、在轴向沿同一条直线7　采用张紧轮调节带传动中带的张紧力时，张紧轮应安装在____________。

A、紧边外侧，靠近小带轮处B、紧边内侧，靠近小带轮处2020年《机械设计》第1页共5页。

2020年广西桂林理工大学C语言程序设计考研真题A卷一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）1．以下( ) 是错误的整型常量。

A. -0xabcdef B． 018 C． 0x29 D． 0112．为了判断两个字符串s1和s2是否相等，应当使用（）。

A. if(s1==s2)B. if(s1=s2)C. if(strcmp (s1,s2) == 1)D. if(strcmp(s1,s2) == 0)3．以下scanf函数调用语句中错误的是 ( )。

struct student{ char name[20];int age;}pup[5], *p;p=pup;A. scanf("%d", p->age);B. scanf("%s", pup[1].name);C. scanf("%d", &(p->age));D. scanf("%s", p->name);4．以下程序运行结果（）。

#include <stdio.h>int main( ){int sum=0,item=0;while (item<5){item++;sum+=item;if(sum>=8)break;}printf("%d\n",sum) ;return 0;}A. 15B. 10C. 6D. 95．下面程序段的运行结果是( )。

#include <stdio.h>int main( ){int i=0, a[]={3,4,5,4,3};do{a[i]++;}while(a[++i]<5);for(i=0;i<5;i++)printf("%d ",a[i]);return 0;}A. 4 5 6 5 4B. 3 4 5 4 3C. 4 5 5 5 4D. 4 5 5 4 36．以下程序的输出结果是( )。

川师336艺术学原理真题2021一，名词解释1. 表现论表现论。

也称主观精神论。

是有关艺术来自人的主观精神、情感或心理的自我表现的看法。

2. 伫兴，谓蓄积感情。

伫兴。

有时艺术创作不能仅仅依据一次或两次感兴，而往往有赖于平时积累和储备感兴。

朱自清《指导大概》：“有些人觉得作诗该等候感兴，酬应的诗不会真切。

但伫兴而作的人向来大概不多。

”3.语境引导是指艺术品欣赏者所深处其中的现实语境对于艺术品接受的微妙而重要的导向作用。

4.有意味的引导5.仿象指那种大量复制、真实而又没有任何深层本源及任何所指的空洞的符号形态，与后现代主义艺术紧密相连。

一方面，艺术仿象凸显出去深度、虚无感的祛魅性理念。

另一方面，艺术仿象强调仿真性手法。

6.兴味品评是指审美过程结束之后，审美感受持续活跃，进而向欣赏者的现实生活或明或暗地推进的过程。

二，简答题1简述艺术兴格的作用.艺术兴格可以有效地将艺术品的独特性加以彰显，使得艺术品在艺术兴媒、艺术兴辞和艺术兴象的塑造后，进一步彰显出艺术品作为整体其自身拥有的独特韵调。

艺术兴格可以帮助艺术家认识自我创作的独特性所在，形成明确的个体艺术品格，进而甚至能形成有影响的艺术流派或艺术思潮。

艺术兴格可以不断挑战艺术接受者对艺术品的欣赏、判断和评价能力，使得欣赏者的艺术品评能力随着艺术兴格或微妙或明显地发展而共同进步。

艺术兴格可以逐步推动整个艺术创作、欣赏、批评范式的不断前进，“一代人又一代之文学，”同理，一代有一代之艺术，而这其中最为关键的正是能否形成黑格尔所说“独创性”意义上的艺术兴格。

2如何理解中国艺术创作论“感兴”传统“感兴”也作兴会、诗兴、兴致等。

“感，”是“感物、”“物感”之意，代表个体对事物的认知和体验；“兴”，是指从平常状态中骤然兴起、起来，代表个体身心进入一种高度兴奋状态。

重要的是，感兴被视为个体从物质生活情境中兴起、奋起而达到一种身心愉悦状态的一个标志。

其实质是符号形式中创生的人对人生意义的直觉。

桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题（A卷）考试科目代码：630考试科目名称：综合英语 （总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。

Part I Structure and Expression (30分,每题1分)Directions: In this section there are 30 sentences followed by four multiple choices. Choose one to complete the sentences. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A child with healthy appetite rarely dislikes food _____ it is badly cooked.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. in that2.No one can be _____ hasty in making the decision as it is such a critical case.A. veryB. soC. tooD. that3._____ students have certain “gift” in common, they should be grouped together.A. WhileB. WhereC. WhenD. As4. his graduation, he found a job with a decent income.A. AtB. DuringC. WithD. Upon5.If these human initiatives are aided by special quality-control instruments, machines, andscientific sampling procedures, _______.A. so much the betterB. the much betterC. so it’ll be betterD. be it the better6. writers, like Flaubert, will spend days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right.A. CarefulB. CautiousC. ScrupulousD. Prudent7.And the polluted water does not merely the life of the sea but threatens the people whoinhabit and visit its shores.A. stiffB. strifeC. stifleD. strive8.Such diseases as typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery, polio, viral hepatitis and food poisoning are_______ in the area, and there are periodic outbreaks of cholera.A. epidemicB. endemicC. rifeD. rampant9.An even greater risk in the ageing underground gas-pipes.A. larksB. luresC. lurchesD. lurks10.Anti-materialists tent to the importance of things.A. deriveB. derideC. depriveD. driveter school start time’s contribution to teenagers’ academic performance is not an one.A. suspiciousB. vagueC. equivocalD. equivalent12.The undeveloped technology of the period the construction of more delicate walls.A. secludedB. precludedC. concludedD. deluded13.Human beings feature their creative ability to trivial impulses into momentous consequences.A. transformB. translateC. transmuteD. transmit14.Hypocrisy is the that vice pays to virtue.A. contributeB. attributeC. distributeD. tribute15.Most of his study time is _____ by computer games.A. absorbedB. ingestedC. digestedD. devoured16.Mary is very as she is constantly changing her mind.A. suspiciousB. capriciousC. deliciousD. precarious17.The rich ___ themselves from contact with the poor.A. residedB. retreatedC. secludedD. groped18.He found it hard to choose furniture that was ____ with the modern style of the house.A. constantB. consistentC. consequentD. constituent19.One’s _____ remark at the wrong moment could ruin the whole plan.A. indiscreetB. improperC. inappropriateD. impossible20.The average Chinese people will _____ themselves for years to buy a house.A. stingB. stinkC. stintD. stir21.Our progress was _____ by the extreme weather.A. hamperedB. forbiddenC. stoppedD. suspended22.The negotiation had reached a(n)_____, with both parties refusing to make compromise.A. dilemmaB. difficultyC. embarrassmentD. impasse23.This new laser printer is _____ with all leading software.A. comparableB. competitiveC. compatibleD. cooperative24.Problems have been _____ by long neglect.A. evacuatedB. agitatedC. decapitatedD. aggravated25.A visitor must _____ to the customs of the country where he lives.A. informB. conformC. confirmD. affirm26.It is far too difficult for the young adult to _____ between truth and falsehood.A. discernB. discardC. disperseD. disregard27.In the _____ light I could hardly make out the way home.A. frailB. failingC. failedD. fail28.Drinking water before your meal will take the _____ off your hunger.A. edgeB. edictC. edibleD. eddy29.Those who are _____ of profits will not always be happy.A. insatiableB. fondC. insaneD. critical30.It _____ on me that Johnson had been making us nobody but a fool all along.A. dweltB. dawnedC. restedD. layPart II Figure of Speech (10分,每题1分)Directions: Identify the figure of speech in each of the following sentences. Choose the best answer from the box and write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.A. MetaphorB. SimileC. OxymoronD. PersonificationE. AlliterationF.ContrastG. EuphemismH. MetonymyI.Transferred EpithetJ. Parallelism1. I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats over valleys and hills.2. The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.3. Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.4. A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.5. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.6. He was both out of pocket and out of spirits by that catastrophe, failed in his health andprophesied the speedy ruin of the empire.7. Technological progress has merely provided us with more efficient means for going backwards.8. The American society saw a gnawing poverty during the tears of the Great Depression.9. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.10. Nest to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.Part III Blank Filling (20分,每题1分)Directions: Choose a proper word from the box to fill in each blank in the following passage. Each word can be used only once. Write the corresponding letters of your answers on the Answer Sheet.A.fitB.theirC.thereforeD.risksE.requirementsF.withoutG.littleH.partlyI.out ofJ.basisK.appeal L.its M.majority N.however O.jobP.disregarding Q.no R.consideration S.Moreover T.occupation Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students -- or their parents for them -- choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “White-collar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.Part IV Paraphrase (20分,每题2分)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.2. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries.3. Much of human existence consists of efforts aimed at making sure that things don’t go wrong, fall apart, break down, or stop running until a decent interval has elapsed after manufacture.4. The idea of using a product once or for a brief period and then replacing it, runs counter to the grain of societies or individuals steeped in a heritage of poverty.5. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.6. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative resources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it.7. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.8. So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction.9. Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since the initial outlay upon equipment or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.10. For all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.Part V Word Formation (10分,每题1分)Directions: Write out the full form of the following words and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. ASEAN2. APEC3. CIIE4. BRICS5. NBC6. e-cigar7. radar8. Brexit9. motel 10. ecotourismPart VI General Knowledge (10分,每题1分)Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the 10 multiple-choice questions. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. _____is the capital of Canada.A.VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD.York2. U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) _____ term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year3. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.4. _____is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England5. The novel Emma is written by_____.A. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BrontëC. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen6. Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George C. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.7. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for _____.A. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels8. Syntax is the study of _____.A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation9. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission.D. Finiteness.10. The speech act theory was first put forward by _____.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Noam ChomskyD. M.A.K. HallidayPart VII Proof Reading and Error Correction (10分,每题1分)Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet .For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “ ^ ” and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like the personality of an organization, or simply as “how things are done around here.” It guides what employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization,and include such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed inthe company’s mission statement and other communications, in thearchitectural style or interior decoration, by what people wear towork, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of apotential employer? The truth is that you will never really know thecorporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research andobservation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, startingwith the research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lotof time on the work environment and to be happy, successful, andproductive, you will want to be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.1._______2._______3._______4._______5._______6._______7._______8._______9._______10._______Part VIII Reading Comprehension (40分,每题2分)Directions: In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and mark your answers on the Answer Sheet .TEXT AStratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare MemorialTheatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’sall deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.1.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater3.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that________.A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid4.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise5.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.A. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk’s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSCTEXT BMany things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.6.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that________.A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or musicB. art grows out of both positive and negative feelingsC. poets today are less skeptical of happinessD. artists have changed their focus of interest7.The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial8.In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy artB. is a cause of disappointment for the general publicC. replaces the church as a major source of informationD. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself9.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadnessB. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshingC. misery should be enjoyed rather than deniedD. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms10.Which of the following is true of the text?A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C. People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.TEXT CNot long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully’s parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U.S. show that bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don’t really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won’t believe it.” In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That’s what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy’s food. Her son had confessed, but the victim’s mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn’t given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh’s son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket.11. The word “bullying” probably means______.A. frightening and hurtingB. teasingC. behaving like a tyrantD. laughing at12. Calling to a bully’s parent ______.A. has long existed but changed its contentB. is often done with careful thinkingC. often leads to blaming and misunderstandingD. is used to warn the child not to do it again13. According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.A. bullying among adults is also risingB. parents are not supervising their children wellC. parents seldom believe bulliesD. most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying14. When bullying occurs, parents should_______.A. help the bulling child get rid of crueltyB. resort to the mediatorC. avoid getting too protectiveD. resist the temptation of calling15. Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.A. her son confessed to being wrongB. she was afraid to annoy the boy’s parentC. he was likely to be affected by these diseasesD. she wanted to teach her own son a lessonTEXT DFor thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1～800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitable -- especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don’t have to serve you!” or “This is private property, get out and don’t come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau’s arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customer’s only recourse is to sue in claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-end job that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where they’ve interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they don’t want busy signals, they don’t want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for。

系部 专业班级 学号 姓名 密封线 答题留空不够时，可写到纸的背面 注意保持装订完整，试卷折开无效装订线3. 若方阵满足，BA 有意义，且，则R(BA)= 2 .4. 方阵A 有一个特征值为 -1则 A 2−2A +E 有一个特征值为 4 .5. 写出四元齐次线性方程 x 1+3x 3−2x 4=0x 2−2x 3+x 4=0的一组基础解系−3210 , 2−101.三、 计算题 （共 62分）1、（10分）计算行列式 D = 2−5−3712−145−94−62712 .解：D = −12−3706−145−94−62712 = −120106−1−14 01022 371264分= −120106−1−14 00003 51354 = −120106−1−14 00003 51038分=−1×1×3×3= −9. 10分桂林理工大学考试试卷答案(2019—2020学年度第 二 学期)课 程 名 称：线性代数 A 卷命 题：数学教研室一、 单项选择题 （每小题3分，共15分）1. 行列式 0a b 000000000c 00d=( B )（A ） abcd ； （B ）- abcd ； （C ）0； （D ）a+b+c+d.2. 010100001 234325123 10001−1001=( B )（A ） 233324122 ；（B ） 323231121 ； （C ） 321231122 ；（D ） 3252341233. 设为m ×n 矩阵且m <n ，则下列叙述中不正确的是（ C ）. （A ）有非零解； （B ）的基础解系含个解向量；（C ）有无穷多解； （D ）R (A )<n .4. 已知 α,β,γ 线性相关，α,δ,γ线性无关，则（ C ）.（A ）α,β,δ一定线性相关； （B ）α,β,δ一定线性无关；（C ）β 可以由α,γ线性表示； （D ）α可以由β,γ线性表示. 5. 已知 A 为四阶方阵，A ∗为A 的伴随矩阵，且，则 4A −1−3A ∗ =（ D ）.（A ）； （B ）； （C ）4； （D ）8. 二、填空题 （每小题3分，共 15分） 1. 已知D= 1256347823014823，则2A 13+6A 23+3A 33+A 43 = 0 （A ij 表示a ij 的代数余子式）.2. 设是阶方阵，已知A 2−5A −8E =O ,则(A −6E)−1=12(A +E ) ..。

int main()
{
int i=0, a[]={3,4,5,4,3};
do{
a[i]++;
}while(a[++i]<5);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
return 0;
}
A. 45654 B.34543 C.45554 D.45543
6．以下程序的输出结果是()。
桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目代码：877
考试科目名称：C语言程序设计A卷
（总分150分，三小时答完）
考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
2．考试需带╳╳╳用具
一、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）
1．以下()是错误的整型常量。
A.-0xabcdefB．018C．0x29D．011
return 0;
}
A.2B.18C.10D.不确定
7．以下程序段的运行结果是()。
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int a[12]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12}, *p[4],i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
p[i]=&a[i*3];
printf("%d\n",p[3][2]);
int main()
{
int sum=0,item=0;
while (item<5)
{
item++;
sum+=item;
if(sum>=8)