岩土工程专业英语

土木工程专业英语词汇以下是土木工程领域的一些专业英语词汇:1. 土木工程 (Civil engineering)2. 桥梁工程 (Bridge engineering)3. 岩土工程 (Geotechnical engineering)4. 应力 (Stress)5. 应变 (strain)6. 简支梁 (Simple beam)7. 连续梁 (Continuous beam)8. 悬臂梁 (Cantilever beam)9. 测量工程 (Surveying engineering)10. 静荷载 (Static load)11. 恒荷载 (Sustained load)12. 冲击荷载 (Impact load)13. 循环荷载 (Repeated load)14. 疲劳荷载 (Fatigue load)15. 动荷载 (Dynamic load)16. 地震荷载 (Seismic load)17. 外力 (External force)18. 内力 (Internal force)19. 正应力 (Normal stress)20. 杨氏模量 (Young"s modulus)21. 弹性变形 (Elastic deformation)22. 塑性变形 (Plastic deformation)23. 屈服强度 (Yield strength)24. 平衡方程 (Equation of equilibrium)25. 均布荷载 (Uniformly distributed load)26. 集中荷载 (Concentrated load)27. 力偶 (Force couple)28. 结构设计 (Structural analysis)29. 初步设计 (Preliminary design)30. 结构安全 (Structural safety)31. 水灰比 (Water-cement ratio)32. 硅酸盐水泥 (Portland cement)33. 结构可靠性 (Structural reliability)34. 钢结构 (Steel structures)35. 钢筋混凝土 (Reinforced concrete)36. 土力学 (Soil mechanics)37. 材料力学 (Material mechanics)38. 地基与基础 (Footing and foundation)39. 桩基础 (Piles)40. CAD 三维模型 (Three-dimensional CAD models)41. 技术报告 (Technical report)42. 钢筋 (Reinforcing steel)43. 热轧钢筋 (Hot-rolled reinforce bar)44. 热膨胀系数 (Thermal expansion coefficient)45. 欠安全的设计 (Under design)46. 附属物 (Appurtenance)47. 市政的，地方的 (Municipal,local)。

岩土工程专业英语词汇岩土工程专业英语词汇一. 综合类综合类 1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程岩土工程 2.foundation engineering 基础工程基础工程3.soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学土力学 cyclic loading 周期荷载周期荷载 unloading 卸载卸载 reloading 再加载再加载 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基粘弹性地基 viscous damping 粘滞阻尼粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量剪切模量5.soil dynamics 土动力学土动力学6.stress path 应力路径应力路径二. 土的分类土的分类1.residual soil 残积土残积土 groundwater level 地下水位地下水位2.groundwater 地下水地下水groundwater table 地下水位地下水位 3.clay minerals 粘土矿物粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals 次生矿物次生矿物ndslides 滑坡滑坡 7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石漂石9.cobble 卵石卵石 10.gravel 砂石砂石 11.gravelly sand 砾砂砾砂 12.coarse sand 粗砂粗砂 13.medium sand 中砂中砂14.fine sand 细砂细砂 15.silty sand 粉土粉土 16.clayey soil 粘性土粘性土 17.clay 粘土粘土 18.silty clay 粉质粘土粉质粘土19.silt 粉土粉土 20.sandy silt 砂质粉土砂质粉土 22.saturated soil 饱和土饱和土 23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土填土 29.soft clay 软粘土软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭泥炭32.loess 黄土黄土 33.frozen soil 冻土冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质土的基本物理力学性质24.degree of saturation 饱和度饱和度 25.dry unit weight 干重度干重度 26.moist unit weight 湿重度湿重度27.saturated unit weight 饱和重度饱和重度 28.effective unit weight 有效重度有效重度 29.density 密度密度pactness 密实度密实度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度最大干密度32.optimum water content 最优含水量最优含水量 33.three phase diagram 三相图三相图34.tri-phase soil 三相土三相土 35.soil fraction 粒组粒组 36.sieve analysis 筛分筛分37.hydrometer analysis 比重计分析比重计分析 38.uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation 级配系数级配系数 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system 土的统一分类系统土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials 美国州公路官员协会美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四. 渗透性和渗流渗透性和渗流1.Darcy ’s law 达西定律达西定律2.piping 管涌管涌3.flowing soil 流土流土4.sand boiling 砂沸砂沸5.flow net 流网流网6.seepage 渗透（流）渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性渗透性 10.seepage force 渗透力渗透力 11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力有效应力4.total stress 总应力总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩再压缩 11.bearing capacity 承载力承载力 12.soil mass 土体土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）接触应力（压力） 14.concentrated load 集中荷载集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous 均质均质 17.isotropi 17.isotropic c 各向同性各向同性18.strip footing 条基条基 19.square spread footing 方形独立基础方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）下卧层（土） 21.dead load =sustained load 恒载恒载 持续荷载持续荷载22.live load 活载活载 23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载长期荷载 26.settlement 沉降沉降 27.deformation 变形变形 28.casing 套管套管 29.dike=dyke 堤（防）堤（防） 30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组粘粒粒组32.subgrade 路基路基 33.well-graded soil 级配良好土级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力正应力 36.shear stresses 剪应力剪应力 37.principal plane 主平面主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件库仑破坏条件42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力孔隙水压力 43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量压缩模量 45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数压缩系数pression index 压缩指数压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力自重应力 49.additional stress 附加应力附加应力 50.total stress 总应力总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降最终沉降 52.slip line 滑动线滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起（基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法降低地下水位法 9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point 深井点深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点真空井点 12 braced cuts 支撑围护支撑围护 13 braced excavation 支撑开挖支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础桩基础 1)cast –in-place 灌注桩灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩沉管灌注桩 bored pile 钻孔桩钻孔桩 piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩钻孔扩底墩3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩钢桩 steel pipe pile 钢管桩钢管桩 steel sheet pile 钢板桩钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）沉井（箱）3.diaphram wall 地下连续墙地下连续墙 截水墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身竖井；桩身 8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力单桩承载力 teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力单桩横向极限承载力13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩静力压桩 18.uplift pile 抗拔桩抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η） 22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度最后贯入度 27.pile head=butt 桩头桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距桩距 30.pile plan 桩位布置图桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻桩侧阻 35.pile cushion 桩垫桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩（振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验拔桩试验 38.pile shoe 桩靴桩靴 八. 地基处理--ground treatment2.cushion 垫层法垫层法3.preloading 预压法预压法4.dynamic compaction 强夯法强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method 振冲法振冲法7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩砂石桩 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 10.cement mixing method 水泥土搅拌桩水泥土搅拌桩 11.cement column 水泥桩水泥桩 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩石灰桩 13.jet grouting 高压喷射注浆法高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile 夯实水泥土桩法夯实水泥土桩法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization 化学加固法化学加固法 17.surface compaction 表层压实法表层压实法18.surcharge preloading 超载预压法超载预压法 19.vacuum preloading 真空预压法真空预压法21.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物土工织物 posite foundation 复合地基复合地基23.reinforcement method 加筋法加筋法 24.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法降低地下水固结法26.expansive ground treatment 膨胀土地基处理膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area 山区地基处理山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment 湿陷性黄土地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理 29.artificial foundation 人工地基人工地基30.natural foundation 天然地基天然地基 31.pillow 褥垫褥垫 32.soft clay ground 软土地基软土地基 33.sand drain 砂井砂井 34.root pile 树根桩树根桩 35.plastic drain 塑料排水带塑料排水带九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi ’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论太沙基固结理论2.Barraon ’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论巴隆固结理论3.Biot ’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结多维固结 8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结主固结 10.secondary consolidation 次固结次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度固结度 15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力前期固结压力 17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强2.residual strength 残余强度残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力粘聚力 12.failure criterion 破坏准则破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度 14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型刚塑性模型 8.cap model 盖帽模型盖帽模型 9.work softening 加工软化加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化加工硬化 11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14.yield surface 屈服面屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型文克尔地基模型 十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力静止土压力4.Coulomb ’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论库仑土压力理论5.Rankine ’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角休止角 3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数边坡稳定安全系数5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙锚定板挡土墙 8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙锚定板板桩墙 十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩木板桩5.timber piles 木桩木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础刚性基础 8.flexible foundation 柔性基础柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量动剪切模量 9.dynamic magnification factor 动力放大因素动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength 抗液化强度抗液化强度 11.dimensionless frequency 无量纲频率无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction 液化势评价液化势评价 13.stress wave in soils 土中应力波土中应力波14.dynamic settlement 振陷（动沉降）振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method 等效集总参数法等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method 动基床反力法动基床反力法3.vibration isolation 隔振隔振4.foundation vibration 基础振动基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动弹性半空间理论基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation 基础振动容许振幅基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation 基础自振频率基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD) paction test 击实试验击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验固结快剪试验 10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验慢剪试验 12.sieve analysis 筛分析筛分析 13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验土工模型试验 14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪直剪仪 16.direct shear test 直剪试验直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验直接单剪试验 18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪动单剪 20.free （resonance ）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验振柱试验 二十二. 原位测试原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test 原位试验原位试验。

专业外语一。

综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic found粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径二．土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1.c c Compression index2.c u undrained shear strength3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p0(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated andoverconsolidated, respectively4.c vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.I p plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained conditionK0d K0coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a11.pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count ,standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test18.q u unconfined compressive strengt h19.U,U m degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and meanvalue, respectively21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 四．渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力total stress总应力4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度5.low activity低活性6.sensitivity灵敏度7.triaxial test三轴试验8.foundation design基础设计9.recompaction再压缩10.bearing capacity承载力11.soil mass土体12.contact pressure接触应力13.concentrated load集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体15.homogeneous均质16.isotropic各向同性17.strip footing条基18.square spread footing方形独立基础19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载21.live load活载22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载23.long-term transient load长期荷载24.reduced load折算荷载25.settlement沉降deformation变形26.casing套管27.dike=dyke堤（防）28.clay fraction粘粒粒组29.physical properties物理性质30.subgrade路基31.well-graded soil级配良好土32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土33.sieve筛子34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35.FEM=finite element method有限元法36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数42.swelling index回弹指数43.geostatic stress自重应力44.additional stress附加应力45.total stress总应力46.final settlement最终沉降47.slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水1.excavation开挖（挖方）2.dewatering（基坑）降水3.failure of foundation基坑失稳4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6.retaining wall挡土墙7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8.dewatering method降低地下水位法9.well point system井点系统（轻型）10.deep well point深井点11.vacuum well point真空井点12.braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5.(pile)shaft桩身6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析7.pile caps承台（桩帽）8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13.low pile cap低桩承台14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16.silent piling静力压桩17.uplift pile抗拔桩18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩19.pile groups群桩20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23.final set最后贯入度24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26.pile head=butt桩头27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28.pile spacing桩距29.pile plan桩位布置图30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31.group action群桩作用32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34.pile cushion桩垫35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36.pile pulling test拔桩试验37.pile shoe桩靴38.pile noise打桩噪音39.pile rig打桩机八．地基处理（ground treatment）1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10.cement column水泥桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法16.surface compaction 表层压实法17.surcharge preloading超载预压法vacuum preloading真空预压法18.sand wick袋装砂井19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基21.reinforcement method加筋法22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法23.freezing and heating冷热处理法24.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理25.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理26.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理27.artificial foundation人工地基natural foundation天然地基28.pillow褥垫29.soft clay ground软土地基30.sand drain砂井31.root pile树根桩32.plastic drain塑料排水带33.stone column碎石桩gravel pile碎石桩34.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九．固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor T v时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十．抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变强度6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter十一.本构模型constitutive method1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure the ory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method十五.挡土墙retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七.浅基础shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有强度8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振幅十九.动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-site soil test 原位试验-over-。

岩土工程专业词汇——A辑•absorbed water 吸着水•aging 老化abutment 桥台•allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力•acoustic emission of rock 岩石声发射•allowable settlement 容许沉降•acoustic prospecting 声学探测•alluvial fan 冲积扇•active earth pressure 主动土压力•alluvial soil 冲积土•alternating load 交变荷载•active fault 活断层•anchoring，bolting 锚固bolting（螺栓连接, 拧紧）•activity index 活动性指数•anchor slab wall 锚定板墙•additional stress,superimposed stress 附加应力•anticline 背斜•aquifer 含水层•adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象•artesian(自流井的) pressure head 承压水头•aeolian deposit 风积土•artificial fill 人工填土•aeration(通风) zone water 包气带水•attitude 产状•average thickness method 平均厚度法•aggregate for concrete 混凝土骨料岩土工程专业词汇——B辑•back analysis 反演分析•bearing capacity factor 承载力因数•base course 道路基层•bearing stratum 持力层•bed rock 基岩•berm 反压平台( 反压马道) •boulder(stone block) 漂石( 块石) •Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论•Boussinesq theory 布辛涅斯克理论•Bishop's somplified method of slices 毕肖普简化条分法•bridge pier 桥墩brittle failure 脆性破坏•bulk modulus 体积模量blasting 爆破•buoyancy 浮托力block theory 块体理论•buttress retaining wall 支墩式挡墙•body force 体积力borrow area 取土场•by-pass seepage 绕渗岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•Cahtornia Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比•cobble 卵石( 碎石) •coefficient of collapsibility 湿陷系数•cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡墙•coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数•capillary water 毛细管水•categortzatlon of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级•coefficient of consolidation 固结系数•cemment stabilization 水泥加固•coefficient of curvature 曲率系数•central load 中心荷载( 轴心荷载) •coefficient of deformation due to leaching 溶滤变形系数•Cerruti‘ssolution 色卢铁解答•coefficient of permeability 渗透系数•check dam 谷坊chemical grouting 化学灌浆•coeffieient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数•coarse aggregate 粗骨料•coefficient of self-weight collapsibility 自重湿陷系数•coarse-grained soil 粗粒土•coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数•compression index 压缩指数•coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数•compressive strength 抗压强度•coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数•concentrated load 集中荷载( 点荷载) •coefficient of weathering 风化系数•concrete faced rockfill dam 混凝土面板堆石坝•cohesion 粘聚力•cone penetration test(CPT) 静力触探试验•cohesionless soil 无粘性土•cohesive soil 粘性土•confined warer 承压水•collapsibility 湿陷性•consistency limit 稠度界限•collapsibility test of loess 黄土湿陷试验•consolidated-drained triaxial test 固结排水三轴试验•collapsible soil 湿陷性土•consolidated quick shear test 固结快剪试验•combined bolting and shotcrete 喷锚支护•consolidated - undrainbd triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验•compaetibility 压实性•compaction by rolling 碾压法•compaction grouting method 挤密喷浆法•consolidation 固结•consolidation cure 固结曲线岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•compacting mechinery 碾压机械•consolidation grouting 固结灌浆•compaction test 击实试验•composite ground 复合地基•consolidation settlement 固结沉降•composite slip surface 复合滑动面•consolidation test 固结试验•comprehensive engineering geological map 综合工程地质图岩土工程专业词汇——C辑•constitutive relation of soil土的本构关系( 本构模型) •comoressibility 压缩性•constrained grain size 限制粒径•Coulomb's earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论•counterfort retaining wall 扶壁式挡墙•constrained modulus 压缩模量•crack growth 裂纹扩展creep 蠕变•contact pressure 基底压力( 接触压力) •critical edge pressure 临塑荷载•contour map of groundwater 地下水等水位线图•critical height of slope( 土坡) 临界高度•control of underground water 地下水控制•critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度•core of rock 岩芯•core recovery 岩芯采取率•critical void ratio 临界孔隙比•core wall 心墙•corner-points method 角点法•cross - hole method 跨孔法•curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆•Coulomb - Navier strength theory 库仑—纳维强度理论•cushion 垫层cutting 路堑•cutoff wall 截水墙cyclic load 周期荷载岩土工程专业词汇——D辑•Darcy's law 达西定律•Degree of consolidation 固结度•debris flow 泥石流•degree of saturation 饱和度•deep mixing method 深层搅拌法•delayed elasticity 弹性后效•deep soil stabilization 深层土加固•densification by explosion 爆炸加密法•deep well method 深井法•degree of compaction 压实度•densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩•density 密度•depletion coefficient 疏干系数•dispersion coefficient 弥散系数•developing chart of exploratory drift坑洞展示图•dispersive clay 分散性粘土•disturbed soil sample 扰动土样•dewatering method 降水法•differential settlement 沉降差•diversion tunnel 导流洞•down-hole method 下孔法•dike ，levee 堤drainage method 排水法•dilatancy 剪胀性dynamic consolidation 强夯法•dilatancy of rock 岩石扩容•dynamic load 动荷载diluvial fan 洪积扇•dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验•diluvial soil 洪积土[ dai’lju:vjel ]•direct shear test 直剪试验•dynamic simple shear test 动单剪试验•disaster geology 灾害地质学•dynamic triaxial test 动三错轴试验•dislocation 位错岩土工程专业词汇——E辑•earth dam 土坝•effective grain size 有效粒径•earth material 土料•earth pressure at rest 静止土压力•effective porosity 有效孔隙率•effective stress 有效应力•earthquake engineering 地震工程学•effective stress analysis 有效应力分析•earthquake subsidence 震陷•elastic strain 弹性应变•electrical prospecting 电法勘探•earth — rock dam 土石坝•earthwork 土石方工程electro-osmosis 电渗法•eccentric load 偏心荷载embankment 路堤•engineering geologic columnar profile •工程地质柱状图•environmental geotechnics 环境岩士工程•engineering geologic exploration 工程地质勘探•equipotential line 等势线•engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探•equivalent opening size(EOS) 等效孔径•engmeering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价•excavating machinery 挖掘机械•engineering geologic map 工程地质图•excavation 挖方•excess pore water pressure 超静水压力•engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘•expanded polystyrene(EPS) [ ’poli ’staieri:n ]•聚苯乙烯发泡材料•engineering geologic profile 工程地质剖面图•expansive soil 膨胀土岩土工程专业词汇——F辑•fabric sheet reinforced earth 铺网法•fine-grained soil 细粒土fissuerd clay 裂隙粘土•factor of safety 安全系数fissure water 裂隙水•failure strength 破坏强度•flat jack technique 扁千斤顶法•fall of ground 冒顶fatigue strength 疲劳强度•flow line 流线fault 断层•flow net 流网•field identification of soil 土的现场鉴别•fold 褶皱fraction 粒组•field observation 现场观测•fracture mechanics 断裂力学•fill 填方fracture zone 断裂破碎带•filter 反滤层free face 临空面•final settlement 最终沉降•free swelling ratio 自由膨胀率•fine aggregate 细骨料free water 自由水•frost heave 冻胀freezing method 冻结法•frost — heave capacity 冻胀量•french drain 盲沟fresh rock 新鲜岩石•frost heaving pressure 冻胀力•friction — resistance ratio 摩阻比•frozen soil 冻土岩土工程专业词汇——G辑•gap — graded soil 不连续级配土•geosynthetics 土工合成材料•geotechnical centrifugal model土工离心模型试验•general shear failure 整体剪切破坏•geotechnical engineering 岩土工程•geocomposite 土工复合材料•geotechnical engineering investigation 岩土工程勘察•Geodrain/prefabricated（预制）strip drain 塑性排水带法•Geofabriform 土工模袋geogrid 土工格栅•geotextiles 土工织物•geologic environment 地质环境•gradation 级配grain size 粒径•grain size distribution curve 粒径分布曲线•geologic structure 地质构造•gravelly soil 砾类土gravitational water重力水•geomechanical model test 地质力学模型试验•gravity retaining wall 重力式挡墙•geomembrane 土工膜geomorphology 地貌•Griffith 's strength criterion 格里菲斯强度准则•geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探•ground fracturing 地裂ground water 地下水•ground treatment 地基处理•geostatic stress 自重应力岩土工程专业词汇——G辑•groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学•groundwater regime 地下水动态•groundwater storage 地下水贮藏量•groundwater hardness 地下水硬度•groundwater monitoring 地下水监测•groin，spur dike丁坝grouting 灌浆•groundwater pollution 地下水污染•grouting test 灌浆试验guide adit 导洞•groundwater recharge 地下水补给量岩土工程专业词汇——H辑•hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度•hydrogeological drilling 水文地质钻探•hydrogeological investigation 水文地质勘查•hydraulic fracturing technique 水力劈裂法•hydrogeology 水文地质学•hydrostatic pressure 静水压力•hydraulic fill 水力冲填•hydraulic gradient 水力梯度•heaving of the bottom 基坑底隆胀•hydraulic tunnel 水工隧道岩土工程专业词汇——I辑•influence chart 感应图•influence chart 感应图•infra - red detection 红外探测•internal friction angle 内摩擦角•investigation stage 勘察阶段•isochrone 等时孔压线•isoline method 等值线法•interstrated water 层间水岩土工程专业词汇——J、K辑•jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法•joint 节理•Kaiser effect 凯塞效应•karst land feature 喀斯特地貌•karst 喀斯特( 岩溶)•karst collapse 喀斯特塌陷•Ko — consolidation Ko 固结岩土工程专业词汇——L辑•Lamilar flow 层流line load线荷载•landform unit 地貌单元•liquefaction of sand 砂土液化•landslide 滑坡landslide mass 滑坡体•liquefaction potential 液化势•land subsidence 地面下沉laterite 红土•liquidity index 液性指数liquid limit液限•layerwise summation method 分层总和法•local shear failure 局部剪切破坏•loess 黄土/’louis/ lime pile method 石灰桩法•loess - like soil 黄土状土lime soil pile 灰土桩lime treated soil 灰土longitudinal dike 顺坝•limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法•long-term modulus 长期模量•linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率•long-term stability 长期稳定性•Lugeon unit 吕荣单位岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•magmatic rock(igneous rock) 岩浆岩( 火成岩)•modulus of elasticity 弹性模量( 杨氏模量)•marine soil 海积土•masonry retaining wall 砌体挡墙•modulus of pressuremeter 旁压仪模量•maximum dry density 最大干密度•Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律•mechanical properties of rock 岩石力学性质岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•monitoring of landslide 滑坡监测•mechanics of granular media 散体力学•monitoring of pore-water pressure孔隙水压力监测•metamorphic rock 变质岩•monitoring of settlement and deformation 沉降变形监测•method of slice 条分法micro-crack 微裂纹岩土工程专业词汇——M辑•Mindlin’s solution 明德林解答muck 淤泥•monitoring of surrounding rock deformation of tunnel 洞室围岩变形监测•modified Griffith 's criterion•修正的格里菲斯准则•mini pile 微型桩mud pumping 翻浆冒泥•modulus of deformation 变形模量岩土工程专业词汇——N辑•natural angle of repose 天然休止角•New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NA TM) 新奥法•natural building materials 天然建筑材料•non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降•needle — punched geotextile 针刺土工织物•nonwoven geotextile 无纺土工织物•normalization 归一化•normally consolidation soil 正常固结土岩土工程专业词汇——O辑•optinum moisture content 最优含水率•overburden pressure 覆盖压力•organic soil 有机质土•overconsolidation soil 超固结土•osmosic pressure method 渗透压法•over consolidation ratio(OCR) 超固结比•out and cover method 明挖法•over coarse-grained soil 巨粒土•overbreak 超挖overburden layer 覆盖层岩土工程专业词汇——P辑•packed drain ，fabric-enclosed drain 袋装砂井•permeability 渗透性•parallel section method 平行断面法•phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水•parapet wall 防浪墙•peremeability test 渗透试验•particle size analysis 颗粒分析试验•physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质•passive earth pressure 被动土压力•piezocone test(CPTU) 孔压静力触探试验•peak strength 峰值强度•piezometric head 测压管水头•peat 泥炭penetration resistace 贯入阻力•pipe jacking method 顶管法•perched water 上层滞水piping 管涌•plane strain test 平面应变试验•plastic failure 塑性破坏•plastic flow 塑流•porosity 孔隙率•plastic limit 塑限•preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力•plastic strain 塑性应变•plastic zone 塑性区•preloading method 预压法•plasticity chart 塑性图•pressure bulb 压力泡•plasticity index 塑性指数•pressuremeter test(PMT) 旁压试验•plate loading test 平板荷载试验•primary stress 初始应力( 地应力) •point loading test 点荷载试验•primary consolidation 主固结•Poisson's ratio 泊松比•poorly-graded soil 不良级配土•principle of effective stress 有效应力原理•pore air pressure 孔隙气压力•progressive failure 渐近破坏•pore pressure 孔隙压力•prototype monitoring 原型监测•pore pressure parameter 孔隙水压力系数•punching shear failure 冲剪破坏•pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比•pump — in test 压水试验•pore water 孔隙水•pumping test 抽水试验•pore water pressure 孔隙水压力岩土工程专业词汇——Q辑•quick sand 流砂•quick shear test 快剪试验岩土工程专业词汇——R辑•radial flat jack technique 径向扁千斤顶法•radius of influence 影响半径•radial wells 辐射井•Rankine's earth pressure theory•兰金土压力理论•rate of settlement 沉降速率•retaining wall 挡土墙( 挡墙) •retardation 滞后•rate of stripping 剥离比•rheology 流变学•rebound modulus 回弹模量•road pavement 道路路面•rebound of foundation 地基回弹•rockburst 岩爆•recharge area 补给区rechargerate 补给率•rock classification 岩石分类•rock engineering 岩石工程•recharge method 回灌法rock fall 岩崩•reclamation 围垦工程rockfill dam 堆石坝•reinforced earth 加筋土rock mass 岩体•reinforced soil wall 加筋土挡墙•rock mass basic quality 岩体基本质量•relative density 相对密度•rock mechanics 岩石力学( 岩体力学) •relaxation time 松弛时间relief well 减压井•rock quality designation(RQD) 岩石质量指标•remolded strength 重塑强度•rolled fill earth dam 碾压土坝•remote sensmg prospecting 遥感勘测•rolling compaction test 碾压试验•reserve of building material 建材储量•root pile 树根桩residual soil 残积土•rose diagram of joints 节理玫瑰图•residual strength 残余强度runoff area 径流区•resonant column test 共振桩试验•rupture，fracture 断裂岩土工程专业词汇——S辑•saline soil 盐渍土sandy soil 砂井土•sand drain 排水砂井saturation curve 饱和曲线•scale effect 尺度效应•shield driving method 盾构法•seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土•shortcrete 喷射混凝土•secondary consolidation 次固结•shrinkage index 缩性指数•shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 侧沟•secondary consolidation settle ment 次固结沉降•simple shear test 单剪试验•sedimentary rock 沉积岩•seepage 渗流slaking 湿化•air slaking潮解, 风化dry slaking干式消化[熟化]•lime slaking石灰熟化; 石灰消化•seepage deformation 渗透变•slide — resistant pile 抗滑桩•slip surface 滑动面•seepage failure 渗透破坏slip zone 滑动带•seepage force 渗流力sloping wall 斜墙•seepage path 渗径•slow shear test 慢剪试验•soft clay 软粘土•self —boring pressuremeter 自钻式旁压仪•soil dynamics 土动力学•oil fabric 土的组构•semi 一infinite elastic body 半无限弹性体•soil flow 流土soil mass 土体•sensitivity 灵敏度soil mechanics 土力学•settlement 沉降soil nailing 土钉•settlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度•soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架•settlement curve 沉降曲线special soil 特殊土•shear modulus 剪切模量soldier pile 排桩•shear strain 剪应变soil structure 土的结构•shear strength 抗剪强度sheet pile wall板桩墙•specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重•specific grout absorption•单位吸浆量(比吸浆量)•stress concentration 应力集中•specific penetration resistance 比贯入阻力•stress controlled test 应力控制试验•specific surface 比表面积•stress distribution 应力分布•specific water absorption 单位吸水量•stress history 应力历史•specific yield 给水度stress level 应力水平•split test 劈裂试验( 巴西试验) •stress path 应力路径•stress recovery method 应力恢复法•stability analysis 稳定分析•stability number 稳定数•stress relaxation 应力松弛•stable crack growth 稳定裂纹扩展•stress relief method 压力解除法•standard penetration test 标准贯入试验•stress space 应力空间•stip load 条形荷载•state of plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡状态•structural block 结构体•steady seepage 稳定渗流•structural plane 结构面stone material 石料•structural types of rock mass 岩体结构类型•stereographlc projection 赤平投影•subsurface runoff 地下径流•storage coefficient 储水系数•sureharge 超载surface force 表面力•strain controlled test 应变控制试验•surface soil stabilization 浅层土加固•strain hardening 应变硬化•surface water 地表水strain space 应变空间•surface wave vecosity method 表面波法•strain softening 应变软化•strength envelope 强度包线•surrounding rock 围岩•surrounding rock stress 围岩应力( 二次应力)•swelling force 膨胀力•swelling index 回弹指数•Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法•swelling ratio 膨胀率•syncline 向斜岩土工程专业词汇——T辑•tailings dam 尾矿坝•total stress analysis 总应力分析•tensile strength 抗拉强度•Terzaghi's consolidation theory太沙基固结理论•transducer 传感器transient load 瞬时荷载•texsol ，fibre soil 纤维土•transmissivity 导水系数•thaw collapsibility 融陷性trench 探槽•thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器•trench out method 挖沟法•triangular method 三角形法•thin wall sampler 薄壁取土器•triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验( 三轴剪切试验)•thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图•tieback wall ，anchored wall 锚杆挡墙•triaxial extension test 三轴伸长试验•time factor 时间因数•torsional shear test 扭剪试验•total mineralization of groundwater •lining 隧道衬砌turbulent flow 紊流•total stress 总应力•true triaxial test 真三轴试验•triaxial test 三轴试验岩土工程专业词汇——U辑•ultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力•unconfined compressive streng th test •无侧限抗压强度试验•underlying stratum 下卧层•unconsolidated undrained 不固结不排水•underpinning 托换技术•under-consolidated soil 欠固结土岩土工程专业词汇——U辑•undisturbed soil sample不扰动土样( 原状土样) •uniformly distributed load 均布荷载•underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙•unit weight 容量•up — hole method 上孔法•underground opening 地下洞室•uplift pressure 扬压力岩土工程专业词汇——V辑•vacuum preloading 真空预压法•vertical shaft 竖井vibroflotation 振冲法•valley terrace 河谷阶地•void ratio 孔隙比•vane shear test 十字板剪切试验•volumetric strain 体应变•volume shrinkage ratio 体缩率•varved clay 带状粘土岩土工程专业词汇——W辑•water bearing capacity 容水量•weathered crust 风化壳•water content 含水率•weathered rock 风化岩石•water injeeting test 注水试验•weathered zone 风化带•weathering 风化作用•water retaining capacity 持水度•weathering degree of rock 岩石风化程度•weak intercalated layer 软弱夹层•well point 井点排水•well — graded soil 良好级配土•weak structural plane 软弱结构面。

Engineering Geology 工程地质学Geotechnical Enginneering岩土工程Weathering风化作用retaining wall挡土墙foundation基础cohesion粘聚力Consolidation固结metamorphic rock变质岩void ratio孔隙比Settlement沉降strike走向faults断层Magmatism岩浆作用quartz石英vadose water上层滞水pile caps承台quaternary第四纪landslide滑坡tunnel隧道reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Internal friction is the resistance to sliding offered by the soil mass.摩擦系数是土体滑坡所产生的抗滑现象。

砂和砾石比黏土摩擦系数要大；在黏土中增加水分会降低摩擦系数。

在建筑物自重作用下土的滑动趋势以剪切的方式发生；也就是说，土体在平面上移动要么水平，要么垂直或其他方式。

这样的剪切移动对建筑物是危险的。

Also resisting the danger of shear is the property of cohesion抗剪切破坏也是土的黏结力的特性，它是土颗粒相互吸引产生的，与土颗粒之间的分子力和水分存在有关。

黏结力明显受到水分的含量影响。

黏结力明显受到水分的含量影响。

黏结力在黏土中非常高，在砂和粉砂中几乎不存在。

对于干砂来说，黏结力是零，对非常硬的黏土达到100kPaIn connection with its use for soils采用摩尔库伦准则解决土体中的问题，有两个主要的缺点，第一，它假定中间应力对破坏无影响，这与试验情况不符。

第二，摩尔图中破坏线是直线，这意味着强度参数给φ并不随围压改变Thus，一系列较硬，较脆和刚性的岩层破裂产生裂隙，从而增加了岩层的渗透系数。

岩土工程中英文词汇对照来源：刘燚龙[Jet]的日志一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overco nsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1‘andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading o r an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1‘andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition。

岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics 岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock次生矿物secondary mineral地质图geological map断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration花岗岩granite化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 解理cleavage矿物硬度hardness of minerals流滑flow slide泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock砂岩sandstone深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone 岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill冻土frozen soil非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt粉质粘土silty clay红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil,non-cohesive soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency触变thixotropy干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity毛细管水capillary water密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles相对密度relative density, density index 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation残余变形residual deformation超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密度（台）degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress 预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidationK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion切线模量tangent modulus屈服面yield surface弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层（台）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressue at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 土压力earth pressure 主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope土坡slope土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning 排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test 固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test 慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test 直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test表面波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test 单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile 单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test 静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final setgabbro 辉长岩geographical mapping 地理勘察；地理测绘geological condition 地质状况geological map 地质图geological mapping 地质勘察；地质测绘geological profile 地质剖面geological survey 地质调查Geology Society of Hong Kong 香港地质学会geophysical exploration 地球物理勘探geostatic stress 地应力geotechnical 岩土；土力geotechnical appraisal 岩土评估；土力评估Geotechnical Area Study Programme 地区岩土研究计划geotechnical assessment 岩土评估；土力评估geotechnical assessment study 岩土评估研究；土力评估研究geotechnical consultant 岩土工程顾问；土力工程顾问geotechnical control 岩土工程管制geotechnical design assumption 岩土设计假定geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察；岩土工程勘探ground feature 地物；地貌ground investigation 土地勘测；土地勘探；探土ground profile 地形；地形剖面；地形切面ground settlement 土地沉降；地陷ground surface 地面ground survey 地面测量grounding electrode 接地电极groundwater catchment 地下水流域groundwater connectivity test 地下水连通实验groundwater discharge 地下水流量；地下水溢流groundwater drainage works 地下水排水工程groundwater flow direction 地下水流向groundwater level 地下水位groundwater monitoring 地下水监测groundwater pressure measurement 地下水水压测试groundwater regime 地下水体系groundwater table fluctuation 地下水位变动karst cave 岩溶洞karst topography 岩溶地形。

(完整版)工程学专业英语词汇工程学专业英语词汇引言工程学是一门涉及设计、建造和维护物质世界的学科，它跨越了各个领域，包括土木工程、电气工程、机械工程等等。

在研究工程学时，了解和掌握相关的英语词汇是至关重要的。

本文档将介绍一些常用的工程学专业英语词汇，希望能对研究和工作中有所帮助。

1. 土木工程英语词汇- Concrete - 混凝土- Foundation - 基础- Structural analysis - 结构分析- Reinforcement - 钢筋- Retaining wall - 挡土墙- Excavation - 挖掘- Bridge - 桥梁- Dam - 水坝- Highway - 公路- Geotechnical engineering - 岩土工程2. 电气工程英语词汇- Electric circuit - 电路- Transformer - 变压器- Generator - 发电机- Motor - 电动机- Power distribution - 电力分配- Control system - 控制系统- Circuit breaker - 断路器- Voltage - 电压- Current - 电流- Resistance - 电阻3. 机械工程英语词汇- Mechanical design - 机械设计- Thermodynamics - 热力学- Fluid mechanics - 流体力学- Heat transfer - 热传导- Stress analysis - 应力分析- Machine tool - 机床- Bearing - 轴承- Gear - 齿轮- Cam - 凸轮- Robotics - 机器人技术4. 计算机工程英语词汇- Algorithm - 算法- Programming - 编程- Database - 数据库- Software engineering - 软件工程- Artificial intelligence - 人工智能- Cybersecurity - 网络安全- Data mining - 数据挖掘- Virtual reality - 虚拟现实5. 工程管理英语词汇- Project management - 项目管理- Cost estimation - 成本估算- Schedule - 进度- Risk management - 风险管理- Quality control - 质量控制- Teamwork - 团队合作- Stakeholder - 利益相关者- Procurement - 采购- Lean manufacturing - 精益制造- Six Sigma - 六西格玛管理结论本文档提供了工程学专业常用英语词汇的简介，涵盖了土木工程、电气工程、机械工程、计算机工程以及工程管理等领域。

土木工程类英文专业词汇土木工程是一个涉及土地开发、设计、建造和维护的复杂领域。

在这个领域中，有许多具有专业性、特定含义和用途的英文术语。

掌握这些专业词汇对于在这个领域工作或学习的人来说非常必要。

本文将介绍土木工程常用的英语专业词汇。

1.Civil engineering –土木工程学Civil engineering is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.2.Architecture –建筑学Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, such as buildings and bridges.3.Planning –规划Planning is the process of making a detailed plan or layout for a project, including determining what resources will be needed to complete the project.4.Surveying –测量Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the surface of the Earth, including land, water bodies, and buildings.5.Structural engineering –结构工程Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the design and analysis of structures, such as buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.6.Geotechnical engineering –岩土工程Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of soil and rock mechanics, and the design and construction of structures that are built on or in the ground.7.Transportation engineering –交通运输工程Transportation engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that dealswith the design and construction of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, highways, and airports.8.Hydrology –水文学Hydrology is the study of water and its movement on the surface of the Earth, including precipitation, streams, rivers, and groundwater.9.Water resources engineering –水资源工程Water resources engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of water resources and the design and construction of structures that manage and distribute water, including dams, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.10.Environmental engineering –环境工程Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of environmental engineering principles and the design and construction of structures that protect the environment, such as water treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants.11.Construction –建造Construction refers to the process of building structures from design plans and specifications.12.Industrial engineering –工业工程Industrial engineering is a discipline that deals with the optimization of complex processes, systems, and organizations, with the goal of improving efficiency, productivity, and safety.13.Quantity surveying –工程测量Quantity surveying is the process of determining the quantity, cost, and value of materials needed to complete a construction project.14.Building –建筑物Building refers to a structure that is built for a specific purpose, such as a house, office building, or factory.15.Foundation –基础Foundation refers to the part of a structure that is in direct contact with the ground and supports the weight of the structure.16.Reinforcement –钢筋加固Reinforcement refers to the process of adding materials, such as steel bars, to strengthen a structure.17.Retaining wall –挡土墙A retaining wall is a structure that is built to support soil and prevent it from sliding down a slope.18.Roadway –道路A roadway is a paved surface that is designed for vehicles and pedestrians to travel on.19.Bridge –桥梁A bridge is a structure that is built to span a physical obstacle, such as a river or gorge, and provide a safe means of transportation.20.Culvert –排水管A culvert is a structure that is built to allow water to pass under a roadway or other structure.21.Dam –水坝A dam is a structure that is built to control the flow of water and to provide water for human consumption, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.22.Pile –桩A pile is a foundation support structure that is driven into the ground to supporta structure.23.Slab –地板A slab is a flat, horizontal surface that is used as a flooring material or to supporta structure.24.Tunnel –隧道A tunnel is an underground structure that is built for transportation, utilities, or other purposes.25.Asphalt –沥青Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid that is used as a binder for paving materials.以上就是土木工程类英文专业词汇的介绍，这些专业词汇对于在土木工程领域中工作或学习的人来说都是非常重要的。

土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结.doc 标题：土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结一、前言介绍土木工程专业英语的重要性。

阐述词汇短语总结的目的和应用场景。

二、基础词汇列出土木工程领域中的基础词汇。

为每个词汇提供定义和例句。

三、结构工程钢筋（Reinforcement）混凝土（Concrete）梁（Beam）柱（Column）地基（Foundation）四、岩土工程土壤（Soil）岩石（Rock）边坡（Slope）支护（Support）地基处理（Foundation Treatment）五、水文与水资源工程水坝（Dam）水塔（Water Tower）运河（Canal）洪水（Flood）水资源管理（Water Resources Management）六、交通工程道路（Road）桥梁（Bridge）隧道（Tunnel）交通规划（Traffic Planning）交通信号（Traffic Signal）七、环境工程污染（Pollution）废物处理（Waste Treatment）环境影响评估（Environmental Impact Assessment）可持续性（Sustainability）绿色建筑（Green Building）八、施工管理施工计划（Construction Schedule）工程预算（Engineering Budget）质量控制（Quality Control）安全管理（Safety Management）项目监理（Project Supervision）九、材料科学材料强度（Material Strength）耐久性（Durability）抗渗性（Waterproofing）抗压强度（Compressive Strength）弹性模量（Elastic Modulus）十、测量与绘图测量（Surveying）平面图（Plan）剖面图（Section）立面图（Elevation）施工图纸（Construction Drawings）十一、专业短语与表达工程竣工（Project Completion）工程变更（Engineering Change）工程验收（Project Acceptance）工程质量（Engineering Quality）工程进度（Project Progress）十二、结语总结土木工程专业英语词汇的重要性。