关于假货问题的思考论文
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对市场假冒伪劣现象的调查与思考对市场假冒伪劣现象的调查与思考近几年来,随着国家对市场经济的不断规范和宏观调空,市场经济发展的主流出现了前所未有的好势头。
但由于市场初放型经济的发展和掺和,私营经济的加盟,市场上出现了不尽人意的假冒伪劣现象。
由于少数的不法分子,无视国家的法律法规,利欲熏心,大肆搞制假贩假的不法行为,给市场经济带来了严重的影响,因此,广大消费者纷纷呼唤市场诚信、市场公平。
为此,笔者对市场出现假冒伪劣现象的状况进行了调查分析与思考。
一、当前市场假冒伪劣现象的主要现状在对市场进行调查中感到,当前市场假冒伪劣的'现象主要表现在以下几方面:1、食品和营养品行业中的假冒伪劣。
一些厂家在食品生产中,制假贩假或生产劣质的食品。
如市场出现了假冒伪劣的月饼、饼干、奶粉、果冻、麦片、脑白金、白糖等,有的甚至加工生产劣质有毒的大米、面粉、食用油等。
2、肉类制品中的假冒伪劣。
如用老母猪肉制作的劣质肉松,用死猪肉灌制的香肠和制作的劣质火腿肠,用农药泡制的火腿,用沥青拔过毛的鸡、鸭、鹅和注水的牛肉、猪肉等。
3、海鲜产品的假冒伪劣。
如用甲醇泡制的有毒的海鲜水发产品等。
4、调味品中的假冒伪劣。
出现了假冒伪劣的酱油、无碘食盐、味精、淀粉等。
5、烟酒产品中的假冒伪劣。
出现了屡禁不鲜的各种假烟、假酒等。
6、“三农”产品中的假冒伪劣。
如出现了假种子、假化肥、假农药、假薄膜和劣质的农机等。
7、有关证件的假冒伪劣。
出现了假毕业证、假身份证、假军官证、假驾驶证、假工作证、假学历证、假结婚证、各种假牌照、假介绍信、假房产证、假产品证、假合格证等。
8、服装产品的假冒伪劣。
以劣质服装冒充名牌服装,出现了假冒伪劣的西装、羽绒服、皮装、西裤、内衣、婚纱、鞋帽、手套、被装等。
9、电器产品的假冒伪劣。
有假冒伪劣的电视机、电冰箱、空调、电脑、洗衣机、微波炉、电风扇、电熨斗、电吹风、收音机、油烟机、随身听、电须刀等。
10、建筑和装饰材料的假冒伪劣。
四级英语作文对假货看法English:The issue of counterfeit goods is a significant concern worldwide. Counterfeit products not only harm consumers but also damage businesses and economies. From luxury items like handbags and watches to everyday products like electronics and pharmaceuticals, fake goods can pose serious risks to consumers' health and safety. Moreover, they erode trust in brands and damage their reputations. The production and sale of counterfeit goods often involve organized crime, which can fund other illegal activities such as drug trafficking and human smuggling. Governments and organizations are working to combat this issue by enforcing stricter regulations and penalties, educating consumers, and collaborating with international agencies. While technology has made it easier to produce convincing fake goods, it has also enabled new methods for detecting and preventing counterfeiting. Consumers can play a role by being vigilant and choosing to buy only from trusted sources. Public awareness campaigns and stricter enforcement of laws can help reduce the prevalence of counterfeit goods and protect bothconsumers and businesses. Overall, the fight against counterfeit goods requires a multi-faceted approach involving governments, businesses, and consumers working together to address this complex and widespread issue.中文翻译:假货的问题是全球范围内的一个重大担忧。
我对仿冒品的看法作文英文回答:In my opinion, counterfeit products are a serious issue that needs to be addressed. Counterfeit goods are fake replicas of genuine products, often made to deceive consumers into thinking they are purchasing the real thing. This can have detrimental effects on both consumers and legitimate businesses.Firstly, counterfeit products pose risks to consumers. For example, fake medicines can be ineffective or even harmful to people's health. Imagine someone purchasing counterfeit antibiotics, thinking they are treating their illness, only to find out later that the medication was ineffective and their condition worsens. This is not only a waste of money but also a threat to one's well-being.Furthermore, counterfeit products can damage the reputation and profitability of legitimate businesses. Whenconsumers unknowingly purchase counterfeit goods, they may have a negative experience with the product, assuming it is of poor quality. This can lead to a loss of trust in the brand and a decline in sales for the genuine product. Legitimate businesses invest time, money, and effort into research and development, ensuring their products meet quality standards. Counterfeit products undermine these efforts and can result in financial losses for businesses.Additionally, counterfeit products contribute to the growth of the underground economy. Criminal organizations often engage in the production and distribution of counterfeit goods, using the profits to fund other illegal activities. This not only poses a threat to public safety but also hinders economic growth and development.To combat the issue of counterfeit products, it is essential to raise awareness among consumers. Education campaigns can help individuals understand the risks associated with counterfeit goods and teach them how to identify genuine products. Governments and law enforcement agencies should also strengthen intellectual property lawsand increase efforts to crack down on counterfeiters.中文回答:在我看来,仿冒品是一个需要解决的严重问题。
假货的危害作文In today's society, counterfeit goods are everywhere, like hidden traps silently eroding the rights of consumers. The harm of counterfeit goods is not limited to economic losses, but also involves multiple aspects such as personal health, social integrity, and market order.Fake goods first bring huge economic losses to consumers. Many consumers purchase counterfeit goods at low prices but of poor quality due to being misled or lacking professional knowledge. These products often malfunction or lose effectiveness within a short period of use, forcing consumers to purchase genuine products again, thereby increasing unnecessary economic burden.Secondly, counterfeit goods also pose a serious threat to the physical health and safety of consumers. For example, some counterfeit and inferior food and drugs may contain harmful substances, and long-term consumption or use can cause serious harm to the human body. Even some counterfeit goods do not comply with hygiene and safetystandards during the production process, directly threatening the life safety of consumers.In addition, the existence of counterfeit goods also undermines the fair competition order in the market. Some unscrupulous merchants make huge profits by selling counterfeit goods, while legitimate manufacturers are in trouble due to the impact of counterfeit goods. This not only harms the interests of legitimate manufacturers, but also undermines the healthy competitive environment of the entire market, hindering economic development and innovation.More importantly, the proliferation of counterfeit goods has seriously damaged the integrity system of society. Driven by counterfeit goods, some businesses and individual operators are willing to deviate from business ethics and even violate laws and regulations. This behavior not only harms the interests of consumers, but also undermines the trust mechanism of society, leading to a decrease in trust between people.In summary, the harm of counterfeit goods cannot be ignored. In order to protect the rights and interests of consumers, ensure fair competition in the market, and establish a social integrity system, we should strengthen the crackdown on counterfeit goods, improve consumer discrimination ability, and strengthen the construction and implementation of laws and regulations to fundamentally curb the breeding and spread of counterfeit goods. Only in this way can we jointly create an honest, healthy, and fair market environment.在当今社会,假货无处不在,它们像隐藏的陷阱,悄无声息地侵蚀着消费者的权益。
对假冒商品的看法作文英文回答:Counterfeit goods, also known as fake or knockoff products, are a significant issue in today's society. These are products that are made to imitate the appearance and packaging of genuine brands, but are of inferior quality and often sold at a lower price. The prevalence of counterfeit goods has increased due to advancements in technology and globalization.One of the major concerns with counterfeit goods is the impact they have on the economy. Genuine brands invest a significant amount of time, money, and effort in research, development, and marketing to create their products. Counterfeit goods not only harm the reputation of these brands, but also result in a loss of revenue for the legitimate manufacturers. This can lead to layoffs and closures of businesses, ultimately affecting the overall economy.Moreover, counterfeit goods pose a threat to consumer health and safety. Since these products are often produced without adhering to proper quality control standards, they may contain harmful ingredients or materials. For example, counterfeit pharmaceuticals may not contain the correct active ingredient or may have incorrect dosages, which can have serious health consequences for consumers. Similarly, counterfeit electrical products may lack proper safety features, increasing the risk of electrical fires or other accidents.Furthermore, the sale of counterfeit goods contributes to organized crime and illegal activities. Counterfeit products are often manufactured and distributed by criminal networks, who use the profits to fund other illicit activities such as drug trafficking and human trafficking. By purchasing counterfeit goods, consumers unknowingly support these criminal organizations, perpetuating a cycle of crime and harm.In addition to the economic, health, and safetyconcerns, the purchase of counterfeit goods also undermines the value of genuine products. When consumers choose to buy counterfeit goods, they are essentially rewarding those who profit from intellectual property theft. This discourages innovation and creativity, as genuine brands are lesslikely to invest in research and development if their products can easily be copied and sold at a fraction of the price.中文回答:假冒商品,也被称为假货或仿冒产品,在当今社会中是一个重要的问题。
电商平台的假货问题与打击假冒的困难与策略近年来,随着电商平台的快速发展,越来越多的消费者选择在网上购物。
然而,电商平台上出现了大量假冒产品,给消费者带来了巨大的损失和信任危机。
为了解决这一问题,各大电商平台不断加强对假货的打击力度,但同时也面临着许多困难。
本文将探讨电商平台假货问题以及打击假冒商品所面临的困难,并分析应对策略。
一、电商平台假货问题的存在1.1 假冒产品泛滥引发公众担忧近年来,电商平台上涌现出大量仿制、伪劣甚至是毫无价值的假冒产品。
这些产品以低廉价格吸引消费者购买,在使用过程中往往质量堪忧甚至存在安全风险。
这种情况导致消费者对于网购产生了深深的不安感和恐惧心理。
1.2 假货问题影响消费者信任度与品牌形象买到假货不仅会给消费者带来切实的经济损失,还会破坏消费者对电商平台的信任。
消费者的不满和负面评价将直接影响到电商平台的声誉和品牌形象,进而影响到平台上其他商家的销售。
二、打击假冒商品所面临的困难2.1 商家注册审核难度大一些不良商家往往通过虚假身份信息进行注册,骗取信任后才开始售卖假冒商品。
由于审核机制不完善或人工审核手段受限,电商平台在注册环节筛查措施上存在困难。
2.2 假货检测技术有待提升鉴别假冒产品需要强大的科技支持,但目前常用的检测手段仍然存在着局限性。
例如,在某些产品领域(如奢侈品)中,仿冒者已经可以以非常逼真的方式模仿原品。
因此,电商平台需要加大对于先进技术与人员培训的投入,提高假货检测水平。
2.3 法律法规执行困难打击假冒商品需要依赖法律力量进行监管与制裁。
然而,在某些地区,法律制度不健全,执行力度薄弱。
此外,跨境电商平台往往涉及多个国家的法规与监管,对于国际司法合作的要求也提出了挑战。
三、应对策略3.1 强化商家注册审核机制电商平台需要建立完善的商家注册审核和信用评估体系。
通过严格筛查商家身份信息和经营资质,尽可能降低不良商家进入平台的成功率。
同时,可以引入第三方认证机构来开展更加深入的审核工作。
对假冒伪劣产品的看法我跟你说,假冒伪劣产品就像是那种出门不带伞却偏偏遇上暴雨的运气。
感觉满满的失望,一下子从天上掉到地下。
那些不法商贩就像是城市里的幽灵,专门趁人不备,来个“黑吃黑”。
他们搞的那些东西,简直就是在跟消费者的信任过不去。
真是让人无语,明明都想买个放心的产品,结果就给自己买了个心里堵得慌的麻烦。
想想吧,大家都知道“便宜没好货”这句话,然而偏偏就有那么一些朋友,看到打折就眼睛发亮。
五十块钱的手机壳,卖得跟真的一样,结果你一碰它,咔嚓一下就散架了。
心里想的是,哎,真是便宜是福,然而那是个大坑,真的是买了教训。
每次看到有人摊上这种事,我就忍不住想笑,心想:“这简直就是‘自找苦吃’啊!”更可气的是,假冒伪劣产品不仅仅伤了钱包,伤的更是我们的健康。
想象一下,买了假药,结果越吃越糟糕,真是让人心碎。
不仅仅是钱的问题,还有可能影响我们的生活质量。
这些人简直是没有底线,拿别人的健康开玩笑,真是让人气愤。
咱们说,像这样的问题,该怎么办呢?得提高警惕。
购买东西时可得多长个心眼儿。
那些价格便宜得离谱的东西,往往都是有问题的。
就像咱们平时买东西,看到有些小摊贩,价格低得吓人,心里就得有个数,可能是个不太靠谱的选择。
谁也不想给自己的生活添堵,没必要为了省个小钱,最后让自己受了大亏。
再说,维权的意识也得强。
现在网络这么发达,咱们的声音能够传得远远的。
遇到假货,可不能忍气吞声,得勇敢站出来。
即使只是一件小小的商品,也许能引起更多人的关注,给那些不法商贩一个警告。
大家齐心协力,这个社会才会更好。
说到底,打假这事儿,真是需要大家一起努力。
咱们的选择也得多样化。
别只盯着那些热门品牌,偶尔换换口味,尝试一些小众品牌。
现在很多小品牌的产品也相当不错,价格合理,质量也很靠谱。
生活就该多点新鲜感,何必一直纠结于那些大牌子呢?最后呢,买东西也得讲究个“道德消费”。
多支持那些良心企业,帮助他们做大做强。
现在大家都提倡绿色消费,追求的是健康和环保,咱们的选择也可以影响这个市场的发展。
浅论知假买假的法律规制作文在咱们这个消费的大世界里,有这么一群特别的消费者,他们知假买假,就像一群在商品丛林里专门寻找“假猎物”的猎人。
这事儿啊,可让法律有点头疼,到底该怎么规制呢?咱们先来说说知假买假是怎么冒出来的。
你看啊,现在市场上假货就像杂草一样,时不时就冒出来。
有些商家呢,为了多赚钱,就昧着良心卖假货。
而那些知假买假的人,一开始可能是觉得自己受到了欺骗,想给商家一个教训,后来呢,有些人发现这里面好像有“商机”。
比如说,买了假货,按照法律规定能拿到高额的赔偿,这可比普通工作赚钱来得快呢。
从消费者权益保护的角度来看,正常情况下,消费者买东西是为了满足生活需要。
可这些知假买假的人,他们的目的有点复杂。
一方面,他们确实有可能在一定程度上打击了假货。
就像一个打假先锋,让那些卖假货的商家有点害怕。
比如说,有的小作坊生产假冒名牌的包包,知假买假者一出现,小作坊就得掂量掂量,万一被索赔,可就亏大了。
但是呢,这里面也有不少问题。
有些知假买假者变得有点贪婪了。
他们不是单纯地为了维护市场秩序,而是为了赚钱。
这就有点变味了。
而且,这对商家来说也有点不公平。
有些商家可能是不小心进了少量假货,或者是被供货商骗了,结果就被知假买假者盯上,面临高额索赔,这可能会让一些小商家直接就倒闭了。
我觉得啊,法律应该给知假买假画一条清晰的线。
如果知假买假者是出于公益目的,比如说为了打击大规模的制假售假集团,那法律可以在一定程度上支持他们。
就像给他们发个“民间打假许可证”,但是得有严格的监督。
他们得向相关部门报备,而且索赔得到的钱得有一部分拿出来用于支持消费者权益保护的公益事业。
要是知假买假者纯粹是为了个人私利,利用法律的空子赚钱,那法律就不能纵容他们。
比如说,可以限制他们的索赔金额,不能让他们狮子大开口。
而且对于那些恶意知假买假,甚至采用欺诈手段索赔的,还得追究他们的法律责任。
另外,商家也不能就这么无辜地被知假买假者欺负。
监管部门应该加强对商家的教育和监管,让商家提高辨别假货的能力,从源头上减少假货流入市场。
如何看待假冒伪劣产品作文英文回答:Counterfeit and substandard products are a significant issue in today's society. They not only deceive consumers, but also pose serious risks to their health and safety. In my opinion, the problem of fake and inferior products should be taken seriously and addressed effectively.Firstly, the proliferation of counterfeit products undermines the integrity of the market and erodes consumer trust. When consumers unknowingly purchase fake goods, they are not only cheated out of their hard-earned money, but also suffer from the poor quality and performance of these products. For example, buying a counterfeit smartphone may result in frequent malfunctions and limited functionality. This not only affects the consumer's experience, but also damages the reputation of the genuine brand.Moreover, substandard products can have severeconsequences for consumer safety. Counterfeit medicines,for instance, may contain harmful substances or incorrect dosages, putting people's lives at risk. Similarly, counterfeit electrical appliances or toys may have faulty wiring or toxic materials, endangering the well-being of users, especially children. These examples highlight the urgency of tackling the issue of fake and inferior products.In order to combat this problem, it is crucial to strengthen regulations and enforcement measures. Governments should impose stricter penalties on manufacturers and distributors of counterfeit products, as well as enhance border control to prevent the entry of such goods into the market. Additionally, raising awareness among consumers about the risks and consequences of purchasing counterfeit products can help them make informed choices and avoid falling victim to scams.Furthermore, collaboration between governments, law enforcement agencies, and intellectual property rights holders is essential. By sharing information and resources, they can work together to identify and shut downcounterfeit operations, as well as prosecute those involved. International cooperation is particularly important, as counterfeit products are often produced and distributed across borders.In conclusion, the issue of counterfeit and substandard products is a serious problem that requires immediate attention. It not only harms consumers financially, butalso jeopardizes their health and safety. By implementing stricter regulations, raising awareness, and fostering collaboration, we can effectively combat the production and distribution of fake and inferior goods, ensuring a safer and more trustworthy marketplace for consumers.中文回答:假冒伪劣产品是当今社会面临的一个重大问题。
假冒伪劣看法作文600字英文回答:Counterfeit and substandard products are a seriousissue in today's society. They not only harm consumers but also undermine the economy and the reputation of legitimate businesses. As an individual, I strongly believe thatstrict measures should be taken to combat this problem.Firstly, counterfeit and substandard products pose significant risks to consumers. For example, fake medications may not contain the necessary ingredients or may contain harmful substances, putting people's health at risk. Similarly, counterfeit electronics or appliances may malfunction, leading to accidents or even fires. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness among consumers about the dangers of purchasing these products.Moreover, the proliferation of counterfeit and substandard goods has negative consequences for the economy.Legitimate businesses suffer from lost sales and reduced profits due to unfair competition. This, in turn, leads to job losses and economic instability. For instance, a luxury brand that invests heavily in research and development to create high-quality products may lose customers to counterfeiters who sell cheap imitations. This not only affects the brand's revenue but also its ability to innovate and create new job opportunities.Furthermore, the presence of counterfeit and substandard products tarnishes the reputation of legitimate businesses. Consumers may associate a brand with poor quality if they unknowingly purchase a counterfeit item. This can have long-lasting effects on a company's image and customer loyalty. For example, if a person buys a fake designer handbag and discovers that it falls apart after a few uses, they may assume that the brand itself produces low-quality products. This can lead to a loss of trust and a decline in sales for the genuine brand.In conclusion, the problem of counterfeit and substandard products is a pressing issue that needs to beaddressed. Strict measures should be implemented to protect consumers, support the economy, and preserve the reputation of legitimate businesses. Only through collective efforts can we effectively combat this problem and ensure a safeand fair marketplace for everyone.中文回答:假冒伪劣产品是当今社会的一个严重问题。
关于假货问题的思考论文15 [ 标签:假货问题, 思考论文 ] ...o時桄蘰踄 2010-05-02 13:45研究性学习需要3000字满意答案好评率:71%本文来自论文网假买假”者应不应当受到《消费者权益保护法》(以下称《消法》)的保护?这个问题已经争论了好多年了。
但专家及大众对这一问题始终不能形成大体上的共识。
而且,长期的争论,却既没有推动相关的立法,也没有解决司法上在这一问题上的困惑和不统一。
与此相关的,连年媒体曝光、3·15喊打,又没有遏制住假货的泛滥。
我想这与我们在对知假买假及假货长期泛滥现象的认识上,较少从系统观点考虑有关。
根据系统科学原理,某一方面的社会生活失控,是整体的法律系统的子系统不科学、不完备、排列组合不合理,以致法律系统的调整这方面社会生活的功能太弱造成的。
我们知道:知假买假是与假货泛滥相伴生的,没有假货泛滥的长期存在,就不会有人以打假为职业去知假买假。
而假货的长期泛滥,根源在于立法,即我们制定的法律,作为一个系统,在控制产品质量方面的功能太弱了。
所以,讨论知假买假者应不应当受到《消法》的保护问题,不能不先讨论假货的长期泛滥问题,只讨论前者不讨论后者是舍本逐末;而讨论假货的长期泛滥问题,则必须首先找出这一现象长期存在的立法根源;找到了假货长期泛滥的立法根源,遏制假货泛滥,以至消除知假买假的问题也就迎刃而解了。
一、假货长期泛滥的立法根源。
假货充斥市场且达到长期泛滥的程度,已给社会造成了相当大的危害。
这种局面的形成,在社会经济转型时期当然有着极其复杂的社会原因。
然而,根本的原因在于我们的立法存在以下两个方面的问题。
㈠对产品质量做出特别规定的法律在科学性方面存在的问题。
法律的科学性,是指法律规范表现客观事物规律的性能。
这些客观规律不仅包括法律调整对象的内在规律,也包括法律规范本身固有的规律。
立法者只有遵循这些客观规律,将这些规律表现在法律当中,所制定并发布施行的法律才有可能实现立法者预期的目的。
完全违背客观规律的法律,在实施中将成为一纸空文;部分违背客观规律的法律,则必定降低它在调整社会生活的功能。
我国对产品质量做出特别规定的法律,主要是《产品质量法》(以下称《质量法》)和《消法》中的部分规定。
在这两个法律中,有两种主要的法律规范的设置不科学:1.对鼓励消费者与制假、售假行为作斗争的法律规范设置得不科学。
如果绝大多数消费者都能主动地起来与制假、售假行为作斗争,以维护自己的权益,那么假货泛滥的状况就不可能长期存在。
可见,鼓励消费者与制假、售假者作斗争的法律规范,在对产品质量问题做出特别规定的法律中应占有特别重要的位置。
我国鼓励消费者与制假、售假行为作斗争的法律规范,规定在《消法》第四十九条中。
但正是由于这条法律规定的不科学,才使得它在发布、施行后并没有对消费者真正起到鼓励作用。
《消法》第四十九条规定:“经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或者接受服务的费用的一倍。
”仅就关于“提供商品”方面的规定而言,从立法者的主观意图来看,如果经营者出售了假冒伪劣产品给消费者,他就至少要按该产品价款的一倍增加赔偿消费者的损失,从而既惩罚了经营者,也鼓励了消费者向违法的经营者作斗争。
但是,立法者忽略了一个基本事实,即:绝大多数消费者所购买的消费品,价款额度并不是很大。
对于价款在近万元以上的假冒伪劣产品来说,增加赔偿额为该产品价款的一倍,确实是对购买者索赔行为的一种鼓励、对经营者违法行为的一种惩戒。
而对于价款在十元、百元乃至千元以下的假冒伪劣产品,消费者购买后,则需再投入大量的时间、精力和金钱,历尽交涉、请律师、起诉、开庭、执行等多番周折,才有可能得到不过十元、百元或千元以下的增加赔偿额。
从成本考虑,绝大多数消费者选择的,只能是放弃索取增加赔偿额的权利。
试想:如果我们在一定距离之外买了一件价款为几元钱的假冒伪劣产品,与其再返回与经营者交涉多讨回几元钱,倒不如认倒霉更为理智;如果我们买了一件价款为十几元、几十元、几百元甚至几千元以下的假冒伪劣产品,当经营者答应退货返款时,我们一般不会选择再通过诉讼追索数额为价款一倍的增加赔偿额。
“为一元钱打官司”是特例,我们永远不能指望通过宣传,让绝大多数人都能为几元钱提起诉讼。
从经营者一方考虑,当他经营的假冒伪劣产品价格额度较小时,他事先就知道绝大多数购买者会自认倒霉,不会返回来找他要求退货返款,要求退货返款的只是个别人,在抵赖不过时,一般情况下,退款就是了,利益大于风险;即使有人起诉,他增加赔偿的产品价款一倍的额度,比起他经营该产品所赚的利润的额度来微乎其微,充其量,他不再经营这种产品而改为经营其他假冒伪劣产品罢了,利益仍然大于风险。
而其他假冒伪劣产品的经营者,更不会从经过诉讼多赔了价款一倍的案例中受到丝毫的警示。
假货屡禁不绝,概缘于此。
在经济活动中,人们不会为较小利益付出较大的成本,也不会因较小的风险而放弃对较大利益的追求。
这是一条不以立法者的意志为转移的客观规律。
《消法》第四十九条的规定因没有反映这条规律而失去了科学性,故在实践中没有象立法者所预期的那样,产生鼓励消费者与制假、售假者作斗争和惩戒制假、售假者的功效。
为了使《消法》第四十九条的规定具有科学性,也即符合上述客观规律,我们应将该条规定后面增加一句,变成“经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失,增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或者接受服务的费用的一倍,但最低不低于国家上年度城镇居民90日的人均可支配收入。
”(根据国家统计局发布的《2000年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》,2000年度的城镇居民90日的人均可支配收入为1,544元。
)为违法经营者设定的这种有参照标准的财产压力,是能够与经营者制假、售假行为所造成的社会危害后果相适应、相抵消的。
这便可以使消费者选择与违法经营者作斗争后,能够得到大于成本的利益,从而真正得到鼓励,也可以使经营者制售假冒伪劣产品的风险大大高于其因此得到的利益。
可以想见,这样的法律发布施行之后,人人都可以成为“打假英雄”,真可说是“造成了陷假货于灭顶之灾的汪洋大海”。
到那时,假货恐怕就成了稀世之物,人们想买都买不到了。
2.对约束产品质量控制机关及其工作人员行为的法律规范设置得不科学。
杜绝假货,使消费者权益得到有效的保护,产品质量控制机关(包括各级产品质量监管部门、各级政府和其他有关的国家机关)的作用是关键性的。
它们享有控制产品质量的权力,也对国家承担着控制产品质量的义务。
这些机关及其工作人员如果不履行其对国家应尽的控制产品质量的义务,对社会造成危害将会更大。
因此,对产品质量控制机关及其工作人员,光进行思想教育作用不大,还应当将这些机关及其工作人员的产品质量控制行为置于法律的调整之下,用法律规范加以约束。
在我国,约束国家机关及其工作人员职务行为的法律不是没有,但历来都失之于不全面、不具体和制裁不力。
我国社会长期存在的执法不严现象,根源就在于此。
作为特别法,《质量法》在第九条第二款规定:“各级人民政府和其他国家机关有包庇、放纵产品生产、销售中违反本法规定的行为的,依法追究其主要负责人的法律责任。
”但这些主要负责人承担什么具体的“法律责任”呢?在该法的第五章“罚则”部分没有具体规定;对产品质量控制机关不履行《质量法》规定的其他义务的行为(例如玩忽职守致使辖区内假货泛滥的行为)应如何处理?《质量法》没有规定。
第六十五条虽然规定了有关产品质量控制机关工作人员的部分违法行为的具体标准,但规定的制裁却只是“依法给予行政处分,构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任”。
这种笼统的规定,不过是在重复其他法律的有关规定,没有任何特别之处。
而《质量法》第六十八条和《消法》第五十三条,虽然对有关产品质量控制机关工作人员的“滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊”等行为作出了规定,但这些规定并无违法行为的具体标准,而其规定的制裁,也与《质量法》第六十五条的规定一样,不过是在重复其他法律的有关规定:“给予行政处分”,“构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任”。
从上述立法情况可以看出,《质量法》和《消法》在约束产品质量控制机关及其工作人员行为方面,存在着三点缺陷:第一,设定的行为标准不全面;第二,,设定的行为标准不具体;第三,没有具体设定由谁对违法行为人施加多大的人身或财产方面的压力(制裁)。
抛开第一点不谈,仅就第二、第三点来说,上述法律规定就是违背了法律规范本身所固有的规律的:法律规范所设定的行为标准要明确具体,所设定的人身或财产方面的压力(制裁)要正好与违法行为所带来的社会危害后果相抵消,不能过大也不能过小,否则,法律规范所调整的社会生活就不能朝着立法者所预期的方向发展。
《质量法》和《消法》由于违背了上述法律规范本身所固有的规律,自它们公布施行以来,我国社会实际生活中就出现了这样奇怪的现象:一方面是假货到处泛滥,另一方面,人们又不能依据法律确信有关辖区内产品质量控制机关首长们构成了玩忽职守的违法行为,不知道有人依法应当对此承担什么具体的行政责任或者刑事责任;每年3·15,媒体直接打假,各地各主要的产品质量控制机关的工作人员们也都纷纷登台亮相,面对举报的大量制假、售假的违法活动,他们却象勇士、功臣一般,没有丝毫的愧疚。
至于产品质量控制机关及其工作人员其他的不履行控制义务的行为,现行法律当然就更是无奈了。
既然法律不能控制产品质量的控制者,那么,产品质量处于失控状态、社会实际生活中假货长期泛滥也就是理所当然的了。
为了使约束产品质量控制机关及其工作人员行为的法律规范具有科学性,就应当遵循法律本身所固有的规律,在《质量法》和《消法》中明确规定出各产品质量控制机关(其法律责任由该机关的首长承担)及其工作人员不履行控制义务的全面的、具体的行为标准,具体规定出分别达到什么标准给予警告、记过、记大过、降级、撤职、开除的行政处分,达到什么标准构成犯罪,给予刑事处罚。
这样才有可能发挥出法律在控制产品质量方面的功效。
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