How Search Engines Rank Web Pages Part II

英文classification作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Classification is a way of organizing things based on their similarities and differences. It helps us make sense of the world around us by grouping similar things together and separating different things. For example, we can classify animals into different groups based on whether they have fur, feathers, or scales.In science, classification is used to organize living organisms into different categories based on their characteristics. This helps scientists understand the diversity of life on Earth and how different species are related to each other. It also allows us to study and compare different species to learn more about their behavior, ecology, and evolution.In everyday life, we use classification to organize and categorize things to make it easier to find and understand them. For example, we classify books in a library based on their genre, author, or topic. We also classify food intodifferent groups such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins to help us make healthy meal choices.Classification is also used in technology to organize and categorize data. For example, search engines use classification algorithms to categorize and rank web pages based on their relevance to a user's search query. This helps users find the information they are looking for more quickly and easily.Overall, classification is a fundamental concept that helps us make sense of the world and organize information in a meaningful way. It allows us to understand the relationships between different things and make informed decisions based on these relationships. Whether in science, everyday life, or technology, classification plays acrucial role in how we understand and interact with the world around us.。

对于互联网的理解英语作文Title: Understanding the Internet: A Comprehensive Insight。

The Internet has evolved into an indispensable part of our lives, revolutionizing communication, commerce, education, and entertainment. Understanding its profound impact requires delving into its multifaceted nature and exploring its various dimensions.At its core, the Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices, enabling the exchange of information through a standardized system of protocols, such as TCP/IP. This interconnectedness forms the foundation of the World Wide Web, a vast repository of web pages, multimedia content, and applications accessible via the Internet.One of the key aspects of the Internet is its role as a communication medium. Email, instant messaging, socialmedia platforms, and video conferencing services facilitate real-time interactions across geographical boundaries. These communication tools have transformed how we connect with others, breaking down barriers of distance and time.Moreover, the Internet has democratized access to information, empowering individuals with knowledge and resources like never before. Search engines index billions of web pages, enabling users to retrieve information on virtually any topic within seconds. Online educational platforms offer courses on diverse subjects, allowing learners to acquire new skills at their own pace and convenience.E-commerce is another significant aspect of the Internet, enabling businesses to reach customers globally and consumers to shop conveniently from the comfort oftheir homes. Online marketplaces, payment gateways, and digital wallets facilitate transactions, creating new opportunities for entrepreneurship and economic growth.The Internet's influence extends to entertainment andmedia consumption as well. Streaming services deliver a vast array of movies, TV shows, music, and other forms of digital content on-demand, revolutionizing how we entertain ourselves. User-generated content platforms, such as YouTube and TikTok, have empowered individuals to create and share their own content, democratizing the media landscape.However, the Internet is not without its challenges and complexities. Issues like cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, misinformation, and online harassment pose significant risks to individuals and societies. Ensuring a safe and inclusive online environment requires collective efforts from governments, technology companies, and users alike.In conclusion, the Internet is a transformative force that has reshaped virtually every aspect of our lives. Its role as a communication medium, information repository, marketplace, and entertainment platform underscores its profound impact on society. Understanding the Internet entails recognizing its capabilities, opportunities, andchallenges, as we navigate the digital landscape in the 21st century.。

seop的操作步骤英文回答：SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is the process of optimizing a website or webpage to improve its visibility and ranking on search engine results pages (SERPs). It involves various techniques and strategies to make the website more search engine-friendly and attract organic (non-paid) traffic.Here are the steps involved in performing SEO:1. Keyword Research: This is the first and most crucial step in SEO. It involves identifying the relevant keywords and phrases that users are searching for in search engines. By targeting the right keywords, you can optimize your website to appear in the search results when users search for those keywords.For example, if you have a website selling fitnessequipment, you might want to target keywords like "best fitness equipment," "home workout gear," or "exercise machines."2. On-Page Optimization: This step involves optimizing the content and structure of your webpages. It includes optimizing the title tags, meta descriptions, headers, and URL structure. On-page optimization also involves incorporating the targeted keywords naturally into the content, optimizing images, and improving the overall user experience.For example, you can include the targeted keyword in the title tag, meta description, and headers of your webpage. You can also optimize the images by adding alt tags with relevant keywords.3. Off-Page Optimization: Off-page optimization refers to activities done outside of your website to improve its visibility and credibility. This includes building high-quality backlinks from other reputable websites, social media marketing, guest blogging, and influencer outreach.For example, you can reach out to fitness bloggers or influencers in the industry and ask them to link back to your website or share your content on their social media platforms.4. Technical SEO: Technical SEO involves optimizing the technical aspects of your website to improve its performance and crawlability by search engines. This includes optimizing the website's loading speed, mobile-friendliness, site structure, and ensuring proper indexing by search engines.For example, you can compress images to reduce their file size and improve loading speed. You can also implement responsive design to make your website mobile-friendly.5. Content Creation and Optimization: Creating high-quality and relevant content is crucial for SEO. This includes creating informative blog posts, articles, videos, infographics, and other types of content that provide value to your target audience. Optimizing the content involvesincorporating the targeted keywords naturally, using proper headings and formatting, and making the content easy toread and understand.For example, if you have a fitness website, you can create blog posts about workout routines, nutrition tips,or product reviews. You can optimize the content byincluding relevant keywords, using subheadings, and adding bullet points for better readability.中文回答：SEO（搜索引擎优化）是优化网站或网页以提高其在搜索引擎结果页面（SERP）上的可见性和排名的过程。

关于自己感兴趣的学术领域的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The field of study that I am most interested in is environmental science. Environmental science is a multidisciplinary field that integrates physical, biological, and information sciences to study the environment and the impact of human activities on it. I have always been passionate about protecting the environment and finding sustainable solutions to the environmental challenges we face today.One of the aspects of environmental science that I find particularly fascinating is climate change. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, and it is caused by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and include rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity. As an environmental science student, I am interested in studying the causes and effects of climate change and finding ways to mitigate its impact.Another area of environmental science that I am interested in is conservation biology. Conservation biology is the science of preserving biodiversity and protecting endangered species and ecosystems. I believe that biodiversity is essential for the health of the planet and for the well-being of future generations. Through my studies in conservation biology, I hope to contribute to the conservation and restoration of threatened species and habitats.In addition to climate change and conservation biology, I am also interested in environmental policy and sustainable development. Environmental policy plays a crucial role in shaping how we interact with the environment, and sustainable development is essential for meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. By studying environmental policy and sustainable development, I hope to contribute to the creation of policies and practices that support a more sustainable and equitable world.Overall, environmental science is a field that I am deeply passionate about, and I am excited to continue my studies and research in this area. I believe that by studying environmental science, I can make a positive impact on the planet and helpcreate a more sustainable future for all living beings. I am committed to finding innovative solutions to environmental challenges and working towards a healthier, more resilient planet for generations to come.篇2The field of my academic interest is digital marketing. As a student studying business administration, I have always been fascinated by the way technology is evolving and shaping the way companies interact with their customers.Digital marketing is a broad term that encompasses all marketing efforts that use an electronic device or the internet. This includes online advertising, social media marketing, email marketing, and search engine optimization, among others. With the advent of digital technology, businesses now have more opportunities than ever to reach and engage with their target audience in a more personalized and efficient manner.One aspect of digital marketing that particularly interests me is social media marketing. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn have become essential tools for businesses to connect with their customers and build brand awareness. Through social media, companies can engage with theiraudience in real-time, share valuable content, and gather feedback to improve their products and services.Another area of digital marketing that I find intriguing is search engine optimization (SEO). SEO involves optimizing a website to improve its visibility in search engine results. By ranking higher on search engine results pages, businesses can attract more organic traffic and generate leads. Understanding how search engines like Google rank websites and the various strategies businesses can use to improve their search engine rankings is a key component of successful digital marketing campaigns.Overall, digital marketing is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that presents endless opportunities for businesses to reach their target audience in innovative ways. As technology continues to advance, I look forward to exploring new trends and strategies in digital marketing and applying them in real-world scenarios.I believe that having a strong understanding of digital marketing concepts and strategies will be invaluable in my future career endeavors. Whether I pursue a career in marketing, entrepreneurship, or business consulting, the knowledge andskills I gain in digital marketing will undoubtedly play a crucial role in helping me succeed in the competitive business world.In conclusion, digital marketing is a field that excites me and motivates me to continue learning and expanding my knowledge. I am excited to see where the future of digital marketing takes us and how businesses will continue to leverage technology to connect with their customers in meaningful ways.篇3Title: My Area of Academic InterestAs a student passionate about academic pursuits, I have always been fascinated by the field of psychology. Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes, and it encompasses a wide range of topics and subfields. Over the years, I have delved deep into this field, exploring various aspects of psychology and gaining a better understanding of human nature.One area of psychology that particularly interests me is developmental psychology. This branch of psychology focuses on how individuals grow and develop over the course of their lives. It examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from infancy to old age, and seeks tounderstand the factors that influence development at each stage.I am especially intrigued by the concept of attachment theory, which explores the bond between children and their caregivers and how it shapes their relationships and behavior later in life. I am also drawn to the study of identity formation and how individuals develop a sense of self and belonging in the world.Another area of psychology that captivates me is abnormal psychology. This field explores psychological disorders and conditions that deviate from the norm, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. I am intrigued by the complexities of these conditions and the methods used to diagnose, treat, and manage them.In addition to developmental and abnormal psychology, I am also interested in social psychology, which examines how individuals are influenced by the presence and behavior of others. This field explores topics such as conformity, obedience, prejudice, and group dynamics, shedding light on the ways in which social factors shape our thoughts, feelings, and actions.Overall, my passion for psychology stems from a deep curiosity about the human mind and behavior. I am drawn to thecomplexities of the human experience and the ways in which psychology can help us better understand ourselves and others. I am excited to continue exploring this fascinating field and to contribute to its ongoing research and study in the years to come.In conclusion, psychology is a rich and diverse field that offers endless opportunities for learning and discovery. My interest in developmental, abnormal, and social psychology fuels my curiosity and drives me to delve deeper into the complexities of the human mind. I am excited to see where this journey takes me and to continue expanding my knowledge and understanding of this fascinating discipline.Through my studies and research, I hope to make meaningful contributions to the field of psychology and to further our understanding of human behavior and mental processes. Psychology is not just a subject of study for me, but a lifelong passion that shapes the way I see the world and the people around me. I look forward to continuing my exploration of this field and to uncovering new insights and revelations along the way.。

搜索引擎英语怎么说搜索引擎是指根据一定的策略、运用特定的计算机程序从互联网上搜集信息，在对信息进行组织和处理后，为用户提供检索服务，将用户检索相关的信息展示给用户的系统。

那么你知道搜索引擎用英语怎么说吗?下面跟着店铺一起来学习一下吧。

搜索引擎的英语说法：search engine搜索引擎的相关英语表达：搜索引擎营销 Search Engine Marketing搜索引擎工厂 Search Engine Builder搜索引擎最佳化 search engine optimization搜索引擎定位 Search Engine Positioning搜索引擎作弊 Search Engine Cheat搜索引擎的英语例句：1. I tried googling but couldn't find anything relevant.我试着用搜索引擎检索，但找不到任何相关信息。

2. I'm usually just using the search engines to look up information.我通常只是用搜索引擎找一些资料.3. Total profit for individual pages, groups of search phrases, and search engines.实现利润总额为个别的页面, 团体搜索短语, 和搜索引擎.4. Search engines are a good way to manage intranet information.搜索引擎是管理内部网上信息的好办法.5. Nowdays , we have many Internet search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, WebCrawler.现有的Internet搜索引擎如:Google, Yahoo, WebCrawler等, 可以帮助人们搜索Internet上各种信息.6. Hence, the merchandise search engin has the soil of its development.于是, 商品搜索引擎才有了其发展的土壤.7. Few search engines provide search for audio and video file formats.数搜索引擎提供搜索视频和音频文件格式.8. Do you need a powerful open - source search engine for your. NET application?你需要运行在. NET程序上强有力的开源搜索引擎吗 ?9. Cross - border and cross - language web applications and search engines designing and coding.跨语言的网络应用程序和搜索引擎的设计与编码.10. Web search engine is one of the applications of web mining technologies.Web挖掘技术的应用之一就是Web搜索引擎.11. Ask yourself what will a top search engine rank get you?问问自己会有什么顶级搜索引擎的排名得到你呢 ?12. Microsoft is engineering scale sale activity, popularize new edition to search engine.微软正在策划大规模营销活动, 推广新版搜索引擎.13. The search engine also warned it may slow down search speed.谷歌搜索引擎也警告说过滤会降低搜索速度.14. While search engine compared to its production costs almost to zero.而搜索引擎与之相比,其生产成本几乎为零.15. Search engine on the impact of classified information site.搜索引擎对分类信息网站的影响.。

There are several ways to measure speed and several metrics to choose between. Lighthouse andWebPageTest are two very good tools, but here we will initially focus on WebPageTest and calculate the correlation between speed and conversions with the help of Google Analytics.This is how you measure speed in :●Enter the url of the page you want to test●Chose a test location as close to your market as possible●Chose connection, for example 3G Fast for Europe or 4G if you only sell in countries with very good network connections (remember that networks in the countryside seldom are as good as in the big cities)●Click the tab Chrome and tic “Emulate Mobile Browser” + “Capture Lighthouse Report”●Click “Start test”To your analytics teamStep 1: Start tracking speed1Check your speedFrom the results of the test in WebPageTest, see if you reached these targets for a test on 3G Fast:●Start Render: <2sWhen the first dot of content shows on the screen ●Speed Index: <3000How many milliseconds it takes to load the content above the fold ●Load Time: <5sWhen the page is visually complete ●Bytes In (Page Weight): <1MbDid you reach the targets? If not, alert company stakeholders and help the developers get resources to fix speed issues. Use this site to calculate how much revenue you lose2Set targetsConversion rates alter depending on campaigns andseasonality, but since the same campaigns reach both mobile and desktop, you can divide the mobile conversion rate with the desktop conversion rate and see if the mobile site is becoming stronger regardless of campaigns. This metric is called Rel mCvR (Relative Mobile Conversion Rate).●Use this script to check the correlation between page load times and Rel mCvR○Go to File > Make a copy ○Go to tab Report Configuration, changeView ID to the id of your Google Analytics view (see image to the right)○Install this Google Analytics Add-on ○Go to Add-ons > Google Analytics > Runreports ○The result is shown in the graph tab3Check correlation with conversionsRegular reports on speed and its correlation with conversionsis the key to success.●Make sure the stakeholders get the report on correlation between speed and Rel mCvR●Make sure the engineers receive or do regular tracking of speed●Make sure the creative team start tracking all new pages and make them below 1Mb4Set up reporting within the companyLab data vs field dataWebPageTest gives so called lab data since the test is performed in a controlled environment. If you want to calculate thecorrelation between speed and conversions, it can be easier to use Google Analytics. GA uses field data (Real User Monitoring) so it may change depending on which market your business focuses on and the level of Wi-Fi/4G/3G/2G. Thereby, WebPageTest is better for giving a detailed speed metric, while GA can be used when you look at big changes over several months. Learn more about lab and field dataHere you’ll find your View IDStep 2: Optimize imagesincrease in revenue optimisation of images .“The most optimised image is the non-existing image” Removing images can lead to fewer complications and less maintenance.You should consider:●Removing unused and unnecessary images ●Prioritising loading hero images first ●Use CSS effects and animations where possible ●Use web fonts instead of encoding text in images Start working with image prioritizationOne reason: there’s no downside . Your site speed improves, which impacts both your search engine ranking and your conversions on the site.Run a Lighthouse Audit to identify your opportunities.Every byte counts!Etsy discovered that 160KB of additional images caused their bounce rate to increase 12% on mobile devices1Source: Lara Hogan, "Designing for Performance", 2014.Optimize your images todayIn our research , we found that the number of images on a page was the second greatest predictor of conversions. Optimizing images is a fast and cost-effective way to experience results, but in order to make speed optimization long-term sustainable, you need to add Site Speed as a KPI across your organisation. Learn more about KPI setting and performance budgets hereMake Speed a KPINext, make sure your images are formatted correctly:●JPEGs for pictures●PNGs for transparencies ●Use SVGs if possible, and ●GIFs for animationsUse progressive JPEG for images over 10k bytes, and beginexploring Next-Gen Formats , such as JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, and WebP.Learn more about selecting the right image format2Choose the right formatPNJPGWEBPOptimising images can help you achieve the largest byte savings and performance improvements for your website.●Compress images and remove metadata●Experiment with quality settings for your formats ●Server side resizing of images ●Enable GZIP compression for files●Use automated tools for image optimization ●Use responsive images to adjust to screen sizesDive deeper into this image optimization checklist 3Compress and resize Once everything else is in place, you need to make sure that your images are delivered as fast as possible.●Lazy loading: Loading images only when needed ●Multi-serving images : Serve different image versions to different devices. Use srcset and the browser will figure out which image is best●Placeholders : Display placeholders while loading ●Enable caching: Beneficial for returning visitorsLearn more about loading4Use loading techniquesStep 3: Optimizethe critical rendering paththe below steps need to be taken.●Speed Index in WebPageTest tells you if the contentabove the fold loads fast. Are you below 3000? Ifnot, you need to optimize the code.●Time to Interactive in Lighthouse shows you howfast visitors can interact with the content. Alsocheck Speed Index here.●Review how your resources are being cached●Make sure you use a CDN, especially if you sellinternationally●Shift to HTTP2 which makes it possible to loadmore resources at the same time1Extra recommendationsCheck metricsRun an audit with Lighthouse to get recommendations aboutwhat to fix within the code. Each recommendation isconnected to a link to learn more.Use Chrome DevTool to go through your code and see whereyou have bottlenecks. Here you can learn how to audit yourcode.2Since CSS is a render-blocking resource, it’s important to gothrough your CSS and only load what is needed on the page– check if you can inline. You can use media types and queriesto unblock rendering of the CSS that can be loaded later.Learn more about render-blocking CSS3Optimize CSS●JavaScript can also be render-blocking, so makesure you only load the necessary resources andthen use defer or async for anything that can beloaded later.●Does every script have an owner and is being used?If not, you might be able to clean some out●Go through your tag manager and check if there’sanything you can clean out here●Talk to your marketing department regardingmeasurement scripts. Are all tools being used? Is itpossible to use one measurement provider insteadof two or three? Work together and try to findopportunities.More about render-blocking JS and JS optimization3Optimize JavaScriptNeed time and resources to solve speed?Use the Impact Calculator to calculate how muchyour business will gain。

Personalized PageRankIntroductionPageRank is an algorithm used by search engines to rank web pages based on their importance and relevance. It is a key component of the Google search engine and is widely used in the field of web search and web mining. The traditional PageRank algorithm ranks web pages solely based on their link structure, disregarding user preferences and personalized information.However, in recent years, there has been a growing need for personalized search results. Users often have different preferences and interests, and they expect search engines to provide them with tailored and relevant content. To address this need, personalized PageRank algorithms have been developed to incorporate user-specific information into the ranking process.Overview of Personalized PageRankPersonalized PageRank is an extension of the traditional PageRank algorithm that takes into account user preferences and interests. It assigns a personalized importance score to each web page based on its relevance to the user.The algorithm starts by assigning an initial importance score to each web page in the network. This can be done using various methods, such as uniformly distributing the scores or assigning higher scores to specific pages based on user preferences.Next, the algorithm iteratively updates the importance scores of the web pages based on their link structure and the user’s preferences. It takes into account both the importance of the pages that link to a given page and the importance of the user’s preferred pages. The process continues until the importance scores converge, indicating a stable ranking.Calculating Personalized PageRankThe calculation of personalized PageRank involves several steps:1.Define the user preferences: Users can provide their preferencesdirectly or implicitly through their search history, clickpatterns, or feedback. These preferences can be represented as apreference vector, where each element represents the user’sinterest in a specific topic or category.2.Construct the transition probability matrix: The transitionprobability matrix represents the likelihood of transitioning from one page to another in the network. It is calculated based on the link structure of the web pages. Each element of the matrixrepresents the probability of transitioning from one page toanother through a hyperlink. The matrix is typically sparse andcan be efficiently represented using sparse matrix techniques.3.Initialize the importance scores: The importance scores of the webpages are initialized based on the user preferences. Pages thatare more relevant to the user are assigned higher initial scores. 4.Update the importance scores iteratively: The importance scoresare updated iteratively using the transition probability matrix.At each iteration, the importance score of a page is calculated asa weighted sum of the importance scores of the pages that link toit, considering both the importance of the linking pages and theuser preferences.5.Convergence criteria: The iteration process continues until theimportance scores converge. A common convergence criterion is tostop the iterations when the L1 distance between the importancescores of consecutive iterations falls below a predeterminedthreshold.Advantages of Personalized PageRankPersonalized PageRank has several advantages over traditional PageRank: 1.Relevance: Personalized PageRank considers user preferences andinterests, resulting in search results that are more relevant and tailored to the user’s needs. Users are more likely to find theinformation they are looking for quickly and easily.2.Diversity: Personalized PageRank can also take into account theneed for diversity in search results. It can balance betweenproviding results that are highly relevant to the user’spreferences and presenting a diverse set of options to explore. er feedback incorporation: Personalized PageRank can incorporateuser feedback, such as clicks, likes, and dislikes, tocontinuously improve the search results. By learning from theuser’s interactions, the algorithm can adapt and provide betterrecommendations over time.4.Dynamic ranking: Personalized PageRank can be used to createdynamic rankings that adapt to changing user preferences andinterests. As the user’s preferences evolve, the algorithm canupdate the importance scores accordingly, ensuring that the search results remain up to date.Applications of Personalized PageRankPersonalized PageRank has various applications beyond web search:1.Recommender systems: Personalized PageRank can be used inrecommender systems to provide personalized recommendations tousers, based on their preferences and interests. It can help users discover new content that is relevant to their interests andincrease user engagement.2.Social networks: Personalized PageRank can be applied to socialnetwork analysis to identify influential users or groups of users.By considering the interactions between users and theirpreferences, the algorithm can identify the most important nodesin the network based on personalized influence.3.E-commerce: Personalized PageRank can be used in e-commerceplatforms to recommend relevant products to users. By taking into account the user’s preferences, purchase history, and browsingbehavior, the algorithm can generate personalized productrecommendations that increase conversion rates.rmation retrieval: Personalized PageRank can be used toimprove the effectiveness of information retrieval systems. Byincorporating user preferences, the algorithm can rank searchresults based on their relevance to the user, leading to betterretrieval performance.ConclusionPersonalized PageRank is a valuable algorithm for providing personalized and relevant search results. By incorporating user preferences and interests, it can generate tailored rankings that meet the individual needs of users. With its applications in various domains, personalized PageRank has the potential to enhance the user experience and improve the effectiveness of recommendation systems, social network analysis, and information retrieval.。

信息检索文章英译汉Information retrieval（IR）is the process of obtaining information from a collection of information sources. It involves searching and retrieving relevant information to satisfy a user's information needs.The field of information retrieval has seen significant advancements in recent decades with the development of computer technology. In the past, information retrieval was a manual process where librarians would search through catalogues and indexes to find relevant information for patrons. However, with the advent of the Internet and search engines, information retrieval has become automated and more efficient.Search engines, such as Google, use complex algorithms to index and rank web pages based on their relevance to a user's query. These algorithms take into account various factors such as keyword frequency, page popularity, and user behavior to deliver the most relevant results. Users can then navigate through the search results to find the information they are looking for. Information retrieval is not limited to web search engines. It also encompasses other domains such as database searching, digital libraries, and text mining. In these domains, information retrieval techniques are used to retrieve relevant information from structured and unstructured data sources.There are several important components in an information retrieval system. The first component is the collection of documents or information sources. These sources can be web pages, databases,or any other type of information repository. The second componentis the indexing process, where documents are analyzed and indexed based on their content. This allows for faster and more efficient retrieval of information. The third component is the search interface, which allows users to input their queries and retrieve relevant information. The final component is the ranking algorithm, which determines the order in which the retrieved documents are presented to the user.In conclusion, information retrieval is a critical process in today's digital age. It allows users to quickly and efficiently find the information they need from vast amounts of data. Whether it is searching the web, databases, or other information sources, information retrieval techniques play a crucial role in accessing and organizing information.。

1Keywords in <title> tag 2Keywords in URL3Keyword density in document text4Keywords in anchor text5Keywords in headings (<H1>, <H2>, etc. tags)6Keywords in the beginning of a document7Keywords in <alt> tags 8Keywords in metatags 9Keyword proximity10Keyword phrases 11Secondary keywords 12Keyword stemming 13Synonyms14Keyword Mistypes 15Keyword dilution 16Keyword stuffing17Anchor text of inboundlinksLink18Origin of inbound links 19Links from similar sites20Links from .edu and .gov sites21Number of backlinks22Anchor text of internal links23Around-the-anchor text 24Age of inbound links 25Links from directories26Number of outgoing links on the page that links to you27Named anchors28IP address of inbound link29Inbound links from link farms and other suspicious sites30Many outgoing links31Excessive linking, link spamming32Outbound links to link farms and other suspicious sites33Cross-linking34Single pixel links35<Description> metatag 36<Keywords> metatag 37<Language> metatag38<Refresh> metatag 39Unique content40Frequency of content change41Keywords font size42Keywords formatting 43Age of document44File size45Content separation46Poor coding and design 47Illegal Content48Invisible text49Cloaking50Doorway pages51Duplicate content52JavaScript53Images in text54Podcasts and videos55Images instead of text links56Frames57Flash58 A Flash home pageDo59Keyword-rich URLs and filenames60Site Accessibility61Sitemap62Site size63Site age64Site theme65File Location on Site66Domains versus subdomains, separate domains67Top-level domains (TLDs)68Hyphens in URLs 69URL length70IP address71Adsense will boost your ranking72Adwords will boost your ranking73Hosting downtime74Dynamic URLs75Session IDs76Bans in robots.txt77Redirects (301 and 302)This is one of the most important places to have a keyword because what is written inside the <title> tag shows in search results as your page title. Thetitle tag must be short (6 or 7 words at most) and the the keyword must benear the beginning.3Keywords in URLs help a lot - e.g. - /seo-services.html, where “SEO services” is the keyword phrase you attempt torank well for. But if you don't have the keywords in other parts of the document, don't rely on having them in the URL.3Another very important factor you need to check. 3-7 % for major keywordsis best, 1-2 for minor. Keyword density of over 10% is suspicious and looksmore like keyword stuffing, than a naturally written text.3Also very important, especially for the anchor text of inbound links, becauseif you have the keyword in the anchor text in a link from another site, this is regarded as getting a vote from this site not only about your site in general,but about the keyword in particular.3One more place where keywords count a lot. But beware that your page has actual text about the particular keyword.3Also counts, though not as much as anchor text, title tag or headings.However, have in mind that the beginning of a document does not necessarily mean the first paragraph – for instance if you use tables, the first paragraphof text might be in the second half of the table.2Spiders don't read images but they do read their textual descriptions in the<alt> tag, so if you have images on your page, fill in the <alt> tag with some keywords about them.2Less and less important, especially for Google. Yahoo! and Bing still rely on them, so if you are optimizing for Yahoo! or Bing, fill these tags properly. Inany case, filling these tags properly will not hurt, so do it.1Keyword proximity measures how close in the text the keywords are. It isbest if they are immediately one after the other (e.g. “dog food”), with noother words between them. For instance, if you have “dog” in the firstparagraph and “food” in the third paragraph, this also counts but not as much as having the phrase “dog food” without any other words in between. Keyword proximity is applicable for keyword phrases that consist of 2 or more words.1KeywordsIn addition to keywords, you can optimize for keyword phrases that consistof several words – e.g. “SEO services”. It is best when the keyword phrasesyou optimize for are popular ones, so you can get a lot of exact matches ofthe search string but sometimes it makes sense to optimize for 2 or 3 separate keywords (“SEO” and “services”) than for one phrase that mightoccasionally get an exact match.1Optimizing for secondary keywords can be a golden mine because when everybody else is optimizing for the most popular keywords, there will beless competition (and probably more hits) for pages that are optimized for the minor words. For instance, “real estate new jersey” might have thousandtimes less hits than “real estate” only but if you are operating in New Jersey,you will get less but considerably better targeted traffic.1For English this is not so much of a factor because words that stem from thesame root (e.g. dog, dogs, doggy, etc.) are considered related and if youhave “dog” on your page, you will get hits for “dogs” and “doggy” as well,but for other languages keywords stemming could be an issue becausedifferent words that stem from the same root are considered as not relatedand you might need to optimize for all of them.1Optimizing for synonyms of the target keywords, in addition to the main keywords. This is good for sites in English, for which search engines aresmart enough to use synonyms as well, when ranking sites but for many other languages synonyms are not taken into account, when calculating rankingsand relevancy.1Spelling errors are very frequent and if you know that your target keywordshave popular misspellings or alternative spellings (i.e. Christmas and Xmas),you might be tempted to optimize for them. Yes, this might get you somemore traffic but having spelling mistakes on your site does not make a good impression, so you'd better don't do it, or do it only in the metatags.When you are optimizing for an excessive amount of keywords, especially unrelated ones, this will affect the performance of all your keywords andeven the major ones will be lost (diluted) in the text.-2Any artificially inflated keyword density (10% and over) is keyword stuffingand you risk getting banned from search engines.-3 As discussed in the Keywords section, this is one of the most importantfactors for good rankings. It is best if you have a keyword in the anchor text but even if you don't, it is still OK.3Links - internal, inbound, outboundBesides the anchor text, it is important if the site that links to you is a reputable one or not. Generally sites with greater Google PR are considered reputable.3Having links from similar sites is very, very useful. It indicates that the competition is voting for you and you are popular within your topical community.3These links are precious because .edu and .gov sites are more reputable than.com. .biz, .info, etc. domains. Additionally, such links are hard to obtain.3Generally the more, the better. But the reputation of the sites that link to youis more important than their number. Also important is their anchor text, isthere a keyword in it, how old are they, etc.3 This also matters, though not as much as the anchor text of inbound links.2The text that is immediately before and after the anchor text also matters because it further indicates the relevance of the link – i.e. if the link isartificial or it naturally flows in the text.2The older, the better. Getting many new links in a short time suggests buying them.2 Great, though it strongly depends on which directories. Being listed inDMOZ, Yahoo Directory and similar directories is a great boost for yourranking but having tons of links from PR0 directories is useless and it caneven be regarded as link spamming, if you have hundreds or thousands ofsuch links.2The fewer, the better for you because this way your link looks moreimportant.1Named anchors (the target place of internal links) are useful for internal navigation but are also useful for SEO because you stress additionally that a particular page, paragraph or text is important. In the code, named anchorslook like this: <A href= “#dogs”>Read about dogs</A> and “#dogs” is the named anchor.1Google denies that they discriminate against links that come from the sameIP address or C class of addresses, so for Google the IP address can be considered neutral to the weight of inbound links. However, Bing andYahoo! may discard links from the same IPs or IP classes, so it is alwaysbetter to get links from different IPs.1This does not affect you in any way, provided that the links are notreciprocal. The idea is that it is beyond your control to define what a linkfarm links to, so you don't get penalized when such sites link to you becausethis is not your fault but in any case you'd better stay away from link farmsand similar suspicious sites.Google does not like pages that consists mainly of links, so you'd better keepthem under 100 per page. Having many outgoing links does not get you any benefits in terms of ranking and could even make your situation worse.-1It is bad for your rankings, when you have many links to/from the same sites (even if it is not a cross- linking scheme or links to bad neighbors) because it suggests link buying or at least spamming. In the best case only some of thelinks are taken into account for SEO rankings.-1Unlike inbound links from link farms and other suspicious sites, outboundlinks to bad neighbors can drown you. You need periodically to check thestatus of the sites you link to because sometimes good sites become bad neighbors and vice versa.-3Cross-linking occurs when site A links to site B, site B links to site C and siteC links back to site A. This is the simplest example but more complexschemes are possible. Cross-linking looks like disguised reciprocal linktrading and is penalized.-3when you have a link that is a pixel or so wide it is invisible for humans, sonobody will click on it and it is obvious that this link is an attempt tomanipulate search engines.-3Metatags are becoming less and less important but if there are metatags thatstill matter, these are the <description> and <keywords> ones. Use the<Description> metatag to write the description of your site. Besides the factthat metatags still rock on Bing and Yahoo!, the <Description> metatag hasone more advantage – it sometimes pops in the description of your site insearch results.1The <Keywords> metatag also matters, though as all metatags it gets almostno attention from Google and some attention from Bing and Yahoo! Keepthe metatag reasonably long – 10 to 20 keywords at most. Don't stuff the<Keywords> tag with keywords that you don't have on the page, this is badfor your rankings.1 If your site is language-specific, don't leave this tag empty. Search engineshave more sophisticated ways of determining the language of a page than relying on the <language>metatag but they still consider it.1MetatagsThe <Refresh> metatag is one way to redirect visitors from your site toanother. Only do it if you have recently migrated your site to a new domainand you need to temporarily redirect visitors. When used for a long time, the<refresh> metatag is regarded as unethical practice and this can hurt your ratings. In any case, redirecting through 301 is much better.-1Having more content (relevant content, which is different from the contenton other sites both in wording and topics) is a real boost for your site's rankings.3Frequent changes are favored. It is great when you constantly add newcontent but it is not so great when you only make small updates to existing content.3When a keyword in the document text is in a larger font size in comparisonto other on-page text, this makes it more noticeable, so therefore it is more important than the rest of the text. The same applies to headings (<h1>,<h2>, etc.), which generally are in larger font size than the rest of the text.2Bold and italic are another way to emphasize important words and phrases. However, use bold, italic and larger font sizes within reason becauseotherwise you might achieve just the opposite effect.2 Recent documents (or at least regularly updated ones) are favored.2Generally long pages are not favored, or at least you can achieve betterrankings if you have 3 short rather than 1 long page on a given topic, so splitlong pages into multiple smaller ones.1From a marketing point of view content separation (based on IP, browsertype, etc.) might be great but for SEO it is bad because when you have oneURL and differing content, search engines get confused what the actualcontent of the page is.-2Search engines say that they do not want poorly designed and coded sites,though there are hardly sites that are banned because of messy code or ugly images but when the design and/or coding of a site is poor, the site might notbe indexable at all, so in this sense poor code and design can harm you a lot.-2Using other people's copyrighted content without their permission or using content that promotes legal violations can get you kicked out of searchengines.-3This is a black hat SEO practice and when spiders discover that you have text specially for them but not for humans, don't be surprised by the penalty.-3ContentCloaking is another illegal technique, which partially involves content-3 separation because spiders see one page (highly-optimized, of course), and everybody else is presented with another version of the same page.Creating pages that aim to trick spiders that your site is a highly-relevant one-3 when it is not, is another way to get the kick from search engines.When you have the same content on several pages on the site,this will not make your site look larger because theduplicate content penalty kicks in. To a lesser degree-3 duplicate content applies to pages that reside on other sitesbut obviously these cases are not always banned – i.e.article directories or mirror sites do exist and prosper.Visual Extras and SEOIf used wisely, it will not hurt. But if your main content is displayed through JavaScript, this makes it more difficult for spiders to follow and if JavaScript0 code is a mess and spiders can't follow it, this will definitely hurt your ratings. Having a text-only site is so boring but having many images and no text is a0 SEO sin. Always provide in the <alt> tag a meaningful description of animage but don't stuff it with keywords or irrelevant information.Podcasts and videos are becoming more and more popular but as with allnon-textual goodies, search engines can't read them, so if you don't have the0 tapescript of the podcast or the video, it is as if the podcast or movie is notthere because it will not be indexed by search engines.Using images instead of text links is bad, especially when you don't fill in the<alt> tag. But even if you fill in the <alt> tag, it is not the same as having a-1 bold, underlined, 16-pt. link, so use images for navigation only if this is reallyvital for the graphic layout of your site.Frames are very, very bad for SEO. Avoid using them unless really-2 necessary.Spiders don't index the content of Flash movies, so if you use Flash on your-2 site, don't forget to give it an alternative textual description.Fortunately this epidemic disease seems to have come to an end. Having aFlash home page (and sometimes whole sections of your site) and no HTML-3 version, is a SEO suicide.Domains, URLs, Web MasteryA very important factor, especially for Yahoo! and Bing.3 Another fundamental issue, which that is often neglected. If the site (orseparate pages) is unaccessible because of broken links, 404 errors, password-protected areas and other similar reasons, then the site simply can't be indexed.3It is great to have a complete and up-to-date sitemap, spiders love it, nomatter if it is a plain old HTML sitemap or the special Google sitemapformat.2Spiders love large sites, so generally it is the bigger, the better. However, bigsites become user-unfriendly and difficult to navigate, so sometimes it makes sense to separate a big site into a couple of smaller ones. On the other hand,there are hardly sites that are penalized because they are 10,000+ pages, sodon't split your size in pieces only because it is getting larger and larger.2Similarly to wine, older sites are respected more. The idea is that an old, established site is more trustworthy (they have been around and are here tostay) than a new site that has just poped up and might soon disappear.2It is not only keywords in URLs and on page that matter. The site theme iseven more important for good ranking because when the site fits into one theme, this boosts the rankings of all its pages that are related to this theme.2File location is important and files that are located in the root directory ornear it tend to rank better than files that are buried 5 or more levels below.1Having a separate domain is better – i.e. instead of having, register a separate domain.1Not all TLDs are equal. There are TLDs that are better than others. For instance, the most popular TLD – .com – is much better than .ws, .biz, or.info domains but (all equal) nothing beats an old .edu or .org domain.1Hyphens between the words in an URL increase readability and help withSEO rankings. This applies both to hyphens in domain names and in the restof the URL.1Generally doesn't matter but if it is a very long URL-s, this starts to look spammy, so avoid having more than 10 words in the URL (3 or 4 for thedomain name itself and 6 or 7 for the rest of address is acceptable).Could matter only for shared hosting or when a site is hosted with a freehosting provider, when the IP or the whole C-class of IP addresses isblacklisted due to spamming or other illegal practices.Adsense is not related in any way to SEO ranking. Google will definitely not0 give you a ranking bonus because of hosting Adsense ads. Adsense mightboost your income but this has nothing to do with your search rankings.Similarly to Adsense, Adwords has nothing to do with your search rankings.0 Adwords will bring more traffic to your site but this will not affect yourrankings in whatsoever way.Hosting downtime is directly related to accessibility because if a site isfrequently down, it can't be indexed. But in practice this is a factor only if-1 your hosting provider is really unreliable and has less than 97-98% uptime. Spiders prefer static URLs, though you will see many dynamic pages on toppositions. Long dynamic URLs (over 100 characters) are really bad and in-1 any case you'd better use a tool to rewrite dynamic URLs in something morehuman- and SEO-friendly.This is even worse than dynamic URLs. Don't use session IDs for-2 information that you'd like to be indexed by spiders.If indexing of a considerable portion of the site is banned, this is likely toaffect the nonbanned part as well because spiders will come less frequently to-2 a “noindex” site.When not applied properly, redirects can hurt a lot – the target page mightnot open, or worse – a redirect can be regarded as a black hat technique,-3 when the visitor is immediately taken to a different page.。

信息在互联网上的快速传播英语作文《The Rapid Spread of Information on the Internet》In today’s digital age, the internet has become an indispensable part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and do business. One of the most significant impacts of the internet is the rapid spread of information. In this article, we will explore the various ways in which information spreads quickly on the internet and its implications for our society.The internet has made it easier than ever before to share information. Social media platforms, blogs, and news websites allow users to post and share content with just a few clicks. This has led to an explosion of user-generated content, which can spread like wildfire across the internet. For example, a tweet or a Facebook post can go viral within minutes, reaching millions of people around the world.Another factor that contributes to the rapid spread of information on the internet is the search engine. Search engines like Google and Bing use complex algorithms to index and rank web pages based on their relevance and popularity. This means that when users search for a particular topic, they are likely to find the most relevant and up-to-date information at the top of the search results. This makes it easy for people to access the information they need quickly and efficiently.The rapid spread of information on the internet has both positive and negative implications for our society. On the one hand, it has made it easier for people to stay informed about current events, access educational resources, and connect with others. It has also given a voice to those who may otherwise not be heard, allowing for greater diversity of opinions and perspectives.On the other hand, the rapid spread of information on the internet can also lead to the spread of misinformation and fake news. With so much information available at our fingertips, it can be difficult to distinguish between fact and fiction. This can have serious consequences, such as influencing public opinion, causing panic, and even endangering lives.To address these challenges, it is important for us to be critical consumers of information. We should always verify the source and accuracy of the information we receive before sharing it with others. We should also be aware of the potential biases and agendas of the sources we rely on. Additionally, social media platforms and search engines have a responsibility to take steps to combat the spread of misinformation and fake news.The rapid spread of information on the internet has transformed the way we live and communicate. While it has brought many benefits, it also presents some challenges that we need to address. By being critical consumers of information and working together to combat the spread of misinformation, we can ensure that the internet remains a valuable source of knowledge and a force for good in our society.。