英美文学知识(五)

专八人文知识英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel Defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。

大学英语教材中的英美文学知识英美文学作为世界文学的重要组成部分，对于大学英语教材的编写与教学中扮演着重要的角色。

它既是学生学习英语语言和文化的窗口，也是培养学生综合阅读和文学性思维的重要途径。

在大学英语教材中，英美文学的知识不仅仅是为了扩大学生的词汇量和阅读能力，更是为了引导学生深入了解英美文化和思维方式。

本文将从教材中常见的英美文学作品、作者和文学流派等方面来探讨大学英语教材中的英美文学知识。

一、教材中常见英美文学作品在大学英语教材中，经典的英美文学作品被广泛引用和分析，以帮助学生理解和学习英语语言和文化。

其中，莎士比亚的戏剧作品无疑是最为重要的部分之一。

《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等不仅是英国文学的瑰宝，也是国际文学史上的经典作品。

另外，英国小说家简·奥斯汀的作品也常常出现在大学英语教材中，如《傲慢与偏见》、《爱玛》等。

美国作家马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》等也是常见的教材作品。

二、教材中常见英美文学作者大学英语教材中，介绍了许多英美文学的重要作者，他们的作品被广泛传诵和阐释。

莎士比亚是英国文学史上的巨匠，他的戏剧作品被称为世界文化遗产，引领了戏剧创作的潮流。

英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯以其生动细腻的描写和社会批判见长，在大学英语教材中常常可以看到他的代表作《雾都孤儿》、《远大前程》等。

美国作家欧·亨利的短篇小说作品也常常出现在教材中，以其悬疑离奇的情节和意味深长的寓言式写作风格，深受学生喜爱。

三、教材中常见英美文学流派大学英语教材中，常常会介绍一些英美文学的流派，帮助学生了解不同文学形式的特点和风格。

例如，浪漫主义是英美文学史上的一支重要流派，它追求情感和个人内心的表达，强调想象力和意境的塑造，代表作家包括英国的拜伦和济慈，以及美国的爱默生和梭罗。

另外，现实主义也是一个重要的文学流派，它追求对社会现实的真实描写，代表作家包括英国的狄更斯和法国的巴尔扎克。

文学史知识：英美文学的发展历程和风格特点英美文学是世界文学中最具代表性和影响力的文学分支之一，其发展历程丰富多彩，涌现出了众多经典作品和著名作家。

本文将从英美文学的起源、发展历程和风格特点三方面进行探讨。

一、英美文学的起源英美文学的起源可以追溯到16世纪初的英国文艺复兴时期。

这个时期以威廉·莎士比亚、约翰·密尔顿等伟大的文学大师为代表，充满了浓厚的人文主义气息，并在诗歌、戏剧等方面取得了重要的成就。

同时，英国也开始逐渐拓展海外领土，并在北美洲建立了殖民地。

这些殖民地后来成为了美国，也为发展美国文学提供了契机。

二、英美文学的发展历程1.文艺复兴时期（16世纪）文艺复兴时期是英美文学的起源时期，并载入了英美文学的重要篇章。

这个时期的文学作品大多选材广泛，体裁丰富，涵盖了诗歌、戏剧、小说等多种文学类型。

威廉·莎士比亚、约翰·米尔顿等文学大师的作品也在这个时期诞生。

2. 17世纪17世纪是英美文学发展的关键时期，也是古典主义文学的鼎盛时期。

作家们大多遵循了经典主义的规范，重视形式美，强调自然和理性。

约翰·德莱顿、约翰·洛克、亚当·史密斯等诸多知名学者和作家在这个时期诞生。

3. 18世纪18世纪是英美文学的发展时期，其中美国文学也开始有了独立的发展。

在这个时期，文学作品多呈现出理性和启蒙的特点，也有不同于古典主义的文学形式的兴起。

约翰逊、约翰·厄尔特、本杰明·富兰克林等诸多知名作家在这个时期诞生。

4. 19世纪19世纪是英美文学的黄金时期，代表着浪漫主义和现实主义文学继续发展的阶段。

在这个时期，出现了许多文学巨匠，如奥斯卡·王尔德、查尔斯·狄更斯、纳撒尼尔·霍桑、爱默生等，他们的作品具有深刻的人性关怀，反映了当时的社会变迁和人们内心的真实情感。

5. 20世纪20世纪是英美文学的现代时期，随着世界格局的变化，文学形式和内容都发生了较大变化，体现出更加多元化和自由化的特点。

1 English Renaissance period is generally said to have begun in 1798 and ended 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death .2 William Blake strongly criticized the capitalists' cruel exploitation, saying that the "dark satanic mills left men unemployed ,killed children and forced prostitution."3 William Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell makrs his entry into maturity. The "Marriage" means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.4 the most important contribution William Wordsworth had made is that he was not only started the modern poetry, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.5 Samuel Taylor Coleridge's achievement as a poet can divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational "the Rime of the Ancient Mariner""Kubla Khan""Christabel" belongs to the demonic group.6 Don Juan ,a great comic epic of the early 19th century ,is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women .7 "I fall upon the thorn of life, I bleed"---ode to the west wind8 the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Elizabeth who ruled over England fro 1836 to 1901.9 Charlotte Bronte's first novel is Professor10 most of George Eliot's novels are characterized by two features:moral teaching and psychological realism .11 in George Bernard Shaw's long dramatic career, he wrote 50 plays of a variety of subjects.12 Shaw held that art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people13 Most of Shaw's plays ,termed as problem plays, are concerned with political, economical ,moral or religious problems.14 in John Galsworthy's The Man of Property,it centers on the Soames-Irene-Bosinney triangle.15 Lawrence's poem fall roughly into three categories--satirical and comic poems, poems about human relationships and emotions, and poems about nature.16 James Joyce's first novel is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The main character is Stephen Dedalus.17 Thomas Hardy divided his own novels into 3series, and Tess of the D'Urbervilles is among the novels of character and environment .18 Living at the turn of the century ,Thomas Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer.19 The Waves is the climax of Virginia Woolf's experiments in novel form , she is a strong advocator of the feminist movement among the 20th century writers.20 E.M.Foster is a novelist but also a novel critic, his famous book on novel criticism is entitled Aspects of the novel .21 Strife斗争was Galsworthy's most important social work,which gives a profound critical portray of bourgeois society .22 as a realist dramatist, George Bernard Shaw is connected with social,economic ,moral and religious problems in his work . The general mood he expresses in his novel is optimism.23 The Mill on the Floss written by George Eliot is large autobiographical in its early chapters. Her first novel Adam Bede is a rural tragedy played out among the non-conformists in country scenes remembered from her childhood.24 Monk is Oliver's half-brother and in order to retain the whole of their fathers property by getting of Oliver.Great Expectation is a satire on the abuse of the court of chancery.In Litter Dorrit, the most vivid scenes are those in debtor's prison, remembered from Charles Dickens' father's stay in Marshalsea.Hard Times is an earnest attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the rising middle class industrialists25 Thackeray's first literary success came with a series of satirical sketches entitled The Snobs of England.26 John Keats's grave bears the epitaph:here lies one whose name is writ in water.转瞬即逝27 in 1805,Wordsworth completed a long autobiographical poem entitled the Prelude.28 it's the publication of Hours of Idleness闲散时光that brought George Gordon Byron fame. He once said "I awoke one morning and found myself famous"29 To Daniel Defoe is often given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel ,but whether or not he deserves that honor remains an open question.30 British novel came of age in 19th century. Modern English Novel arose in the 18th century.31 Henry Fielding's first novel Joseph Andrews intended as a burlesque of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela.32 Oliver Goldsmith's best comedy is She Stoops to Conquer,which greatly enhances his fame in literature.33 Dr.Primrose is the central character of the novel The Vicar of Wakefield.34 Jonathan Swift's famous work A Tale of a Tub is a satirical dialogue between Ancients and the moderns in the character of the Bee and Spider.35 The poems by Jonne Donne belong to two categories:the youthful love lyrics, and the later scared verses.36 Celestial city is one of the most remarkable passages in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.37 the one recurrent theme in the poetry of Cavalier poets during the 17th century is love fancies.38 Satan trick Uriel by disguising himself as a cherub in Paradise Lost. Michael tells Adam about the future. Beezlehub is Satan's second-in-command angel. Milton named Urania as his heavenly muse.39 The Sonnet form, originally Italian, was introduced into English verse by Thomas Wyatt and Surrey.40 the ruler of hero in Dr.Faustus is Lucifer.41 the 15th century country has traditionally been described as the barren age in English literature, there is only one prose writer called Thomas Marlowe, who wrote Morte D'Arthur.42 Cadmon is the first known religious poet of England, He is known as the Father of English Song.43 The Waste Land is 433 lines long and is divided into five sections.44 as a young man in the last decades of the 19th century ,W.B.Yeats began poetic career in the romantic tradition.45 The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock is intensely anti-romantic with an evasive sensual atmosphere.46 as a literary figure, John Rivers appears in Bront's Jane Eyre47 Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel A Tale of TwoCities.Dickens attacks the utilitarian principle that rules over the English educational system and destroys young hearts and minds.48 The hero of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge is a man of self-sufficiency自负。

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点知识点天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料：英美文学与语言学重点知识点一、古代英国文学1. 英国文学起源- 早期英国文学特点- 《贝奥武夫》的主要内容和意义- 诗歌的发展与《坎特伯雷故事集》的影响2. 文艺复兴时期- 文艺复兴的背景与特点- 威廉·莎士比亚的生平与作品- 詹姆斯一世时期的文学成就3. 17世纪英国文学- 约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》与英国革命- 文学运动：清教徒文学、卡罗琳文学、人文主义文学- 英国抒情诗的发展与代表作家二、18世纪英国文学1. 18世纪英国启蒙运动- 启蒙运动的思想与作品特点- 亚当·斯密的经济学与哲学思想- 雅各布·拉斯金的《大地之歌》2. 浪漫主义文学- 浪漫主义文学的起源与特点- 威廉·华兹华斯与塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的湖畔诗派 - 伦敦社会写实派的代表作家及其作品3. 强调“感觉”的诗歌- 约翰·济慈的诗歌与短暂生命- 勃朗宁夫妇的诗歌创作- 雅各布·吉尼斯的虚构先锋主义三、19世纪英国小说1. 威尔士托马斯的工业小说- 《卡斯特大桥》的社会主义倾向- 托马斯的小说创作特点与影响2. 英国女性作家的崛起- 简·奥斯汀的小说艺术与女性身份- 查尔洛特·勃朗特与《简爱》的创作- 伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔的社会洞察力与小说主题3. 查尔斯·狄更斯与社会写实小说- 狄更斯的创作手法与代表作品- 《雾都孤儿》中的社会问题与人性探讨- 狄更斯的影响与继承者四、20世纪英美文学1. 战间期的现代主义文学- 20世纪文学的转折点与挑战传统- T·S·艾略特的诗歌创作与《荒原》的象征主义- 玛丽安·摩尔与《海尔·赫密茜斯》的幻想现实主义2. 珍妮特·温特森与美国现代主义小说- 温特森的小说《了不起的盖茨比》- 美国现实主义小说家的多元发展- 华莱士·斯蒂文斯的寓言小说3. 后现代主义文学的兴起- 后现代主义文学思潮的特点- 沃尔特·奥坦多与《百年孤独》的魔幻现实主义 - 20世纪末英美小说的多样性与后现代表现五、语言学1. 语言学概述- 语言学的研究对象与分类- 语言学的主要学科分支2. 语音学- 语音学的基本概念与方法- 语音学在外语教学中的应用3. 词汇学- 词汇学的研究内容与方法- 词义的构成与词义变化4. 语法学- 语法学的研究内容与方法- 句子成分与句法关系5. 语用学- 语用学的基本概念与研究范畴- 语用学在交际中的应用六、总结通过本文对天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料中的英美文学与语言学重点知识点进行讲述，我们对古代英国文学、18世纪英国文学、19世纪英国小说以及20世纪英美文学都有了更全面的了解。

英美文学重点知识归纳1. 英美文学的定义英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品，包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文等。

英美文学具有悠久的历史，涵盖了从古代文学到现代文学的各个时期和流派。

2. 英美文学的时期和流派2.1 古代英美文学古代英美文学包括早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学、中世纪文学和文艺复兴时期文学。

其中，早期安格鲁-撒克逊文学以史诗《贝奥武夫》为代表，中世纪文学以《坎特伯雷故事集》为代表，文艺复兴时期文学以莎士比亚的戏剧作品为代表。

2.2 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义是英美文学的一个重要流派，包括诗人拜伦、雪莱和济慈等人的作品。

浪漫主义文学强调个体的感情和想象力，关注自然、爱情、自由等主题。

2.3 现实主义文学现实主义是英美文学的另一个重要流派，出现于19世纪后期。

代表作家包括狄更斯、托尔斯泰和马克·吐温等人。

现实主义文学揭示社会问题，关注人性的复杂性和社会的不公平。

2.4 现代主义文学现代主义是20世纪英美文学的主要流派，代表作家有弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫、塞缪尔·贝克特和詹姆斯·乔伊斯。

现代主义文学对传统的文学形式进行了颠覆和重塑，追求形式上的创新和思想上的深度。

3. 英美文学的重要作家和作品3.1 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家和诗人之一。

他的代表作品包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。

3.2 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，被誉为英国小说的经典作家。

她的代表作包括《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》和《艾玛》等。

3.3 弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国作家，代表作品有《了不起的盖茨比》。

他被认为是美国“爵士时代”的象征之一。

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。

the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。

"the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain.1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。

gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands.盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。

the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格兰脊梁：指的是山脉的背脊。

lead ore: british lead ores have been worked since pre-roman times. it contains silver.铅矿：自前罗马时代开始，英国的铅矿就被开发了。

1．Most of Emily Dickinson’s poems were published __________.A. when she was youngB. after her failed love affairC. in her old ageD. after her death2. __________is a kind of drama that expounds an existential ideology and views its task as essentially metaphysical. It represents a view of the absurdity of the human condition by the abandoning of rational devices and the nonrealistic form.A. black humorB. non-fictionC. anti-heroD. theater of the absurd3. The Importance of Being Earnest is a comedy by__________.A. George Bernard ShawB. Oscar WildeC. Richard Brinsley SheridandD. William Shakespeare4. The Gothic style started in _________and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. HebrewD. Germanic5. Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of __________.A. its connection with BritainB. its green countrysideC. its unique shapeD. its abundant natural resources6. __________is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A. The Sydney Morning HeraldB. he AustraliaC. Daily MirrorD. Sun7. __________ was once the president of the Royal Society for twenty-three years.A. William HarveyB. Francis BaconC. Isaac NewtonD. John Dalton8. What is the relationship between the two words “flower/rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. HyponymyD. Polysemy9. The function of the sentence “How are you?”A. directiveB. informativeC. performativeD. phatic10. Homonyms __________.A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic featuresB. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic featuresC. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic featuresD. are two words that all but one of semantic feature in common1-10. D D B A B A C C D C11. The Ring and the Book is a masterpiece of ____.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. Thomas HardyD. Ralph Waldo Emerson12. “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability” is one of the epigramsfound in _____A. Bacon’s of StudiesB. Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressC. Fielding’s Tom Jone sD. Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language13. Who is Afraid of Virginia Woolf is written by ____.A. Samuel BeckettB. Virginia WolfC. Edward AlbeeD. John Barth14. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake ____.A. SuperiorB. OntarioC. HuronD. Michigan15. The state _____is rich in fishing and trapping.A. HawaiiB. CaliforniaC. AlaskaD. New York16. The Australian National Day is set on January 26 to commemorate ____.A. the first European settlement of the continentB. the founding of the Commonwealth of AustraliaC. the discovery of the great southern “unknown land”D. Iacques Cartier’s first voyage around Australia17. In 1788 Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded ____.A. to receive convicts from BritainB. to receive free settlersC. to supply Britain with wool and foodD. to expand Britain’s imperial power18. The distinction between langue and parole is proposed by ____.A. HallidayB. SaussureC. ChomskyD. Firth19. In the following dialogue, the maxim of ____ is not observed.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. manner20. ____ are linguistic units larger than sentences.A. MovesB. DiscoursesC. TopicsD. Tendencies11-20. B A C A C A A B C B21. ____ is a classification of fiction in which a historical event is described in a way that exploits some of the devices of fiction, including a nonlineal time sequence and access to inner states of mind and feeling not commonly present in historical wirting.A. New fictionB. Nouveau RomanC. Historical storyD. Nonfiction Novel22. Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American Transcendentalist, argued for the following ideas except ____.A. man’s dependence on himself for spiritual perfectionB. Faith in ChristianityC. direct intuition of a spiritual God in natureD. the importance of an independent American culture23. In the line “So ling lives this, and this gives life to thee”of Sonnet 18,Shakespeare ___A. meditates on man’s mortalityB. eulogizes the power of artistic creationC. satirizes human vanityD. presents a dream vision24. Australia is the world’s largest exporter of ____.A. wheatB. meatC. daily productsD. wool25. ____ is the most important work by Marx about Marxist economics.A. Thesis on FeuerbackB. The German IdeologyC. CapitalD. The capital26. Harvard University was founded in ____.A. 1366B. 1633C. 1636D. 136327. The state to which the Mayflower sailed is ____.A. FloridaB. MaineC. VirginiaD. Massachusetts28. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity?A. single/marriedB. big/smallC. hot/coldD. old/young29. Usually ____refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.A. applied linguisticsB. theoretical linguisticsC. contextual linguisticsD. general linguistics30. Two words that are differentiated by one phoneme, such as “cat” and “rat”, are known as a ___A. distinctive featureB. argumentC. codeD. minimal pair21-30. D B B D C C D A A D31. “Utopia” was written by __________.A. Thomas MoreB. Francis BaconC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift32. The Preface to Shakespeare and Lives of the Poets are the works of critic __________.A. G..B. Shaw B. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JohnsonD. F. M. Foster33. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled __________ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as “Our intellectual Declaration of Independence”.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. Divinity School AddressD. The American Scholar34. The U.S.A is known as a “Melting Pot” for its __________.A. mixture of nationalitiesB. mixture of climatesC. mixture of habitsD. mixture of religions35. __________ is regarded as the cradle of the Renaissance?A. GreeceB. ItalyC. GermanyD. England36. Who was “The father of psychoanalysis” and the author of The Interpretations ofDreams?A. MonetB. Sigmund FreudC. YeatsD. James Joyce37. As far as Australian culture is concerned, the history of Australia can be divided into the following phases with the exception of __________.A. the period of the original culture of Aboriginal peopleB. the period of the dominant British cultureC. the period of Asian cultureD. the period of a multicultural society38. __________ is often regarded as the founder of the study of sociolinguistics.A. SaussaureB. HallidayC. ChomskyD. Labov39. __________ is the academic discipline concerned with the study of the processes by which people learn languages in addition to their native tongue.A. IPAB. IC AnalysisC. SLAD. TG40. The __________ is the primary lexical units of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.A. bound morphemesB. affixC. rootD. prefix31-40. A B D A B B C D C C41. ____ is Mark Twain’s master work, the one book from which as Ernest Hemingway noted, “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Gilded AgeB. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyC. The Adventures of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn42. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include ____, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view43. Murder on the Orient Express is written by ____ a novelist of detective fiction.A. Arthur Conan DoyleB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Agatha ChristieD. John Fowels44. Who was the first woman Prime Minister in British history?A. Elizabeth IB. Elizabeth IIC. Margaret ThatcherD. Diana Princess of Wales45. The important thing done in the Second Continental Congress was that ____.A. “the Declaration of the Independence” was signedB. the Revolutionary Was endedC. a new government was discussedD. Washington was appointed commander of the army46. Whose book Evolution and Ethics was translated into Chinese in 1897 by Yan Fu?A. DarwinB. Thomas HuxleyC. MalthusD. Herbert Spencer47. Who is the author of On the Principle of Population?A. DarwinB. Thomas HulxleyC. MalthusD. Herbert Spencer48. In terms of Searle’s classification system of illocutionary acts, the sentence ‘Ten bucks say that The Yankee will win the game’ used to bet belongs to _____.A. representativeB. commissiveC. directiveD. declaration49. Three factors involved in describing vowels are ____.A. place of articulation/part of the tongue raised/voicingB. tongue height/ part of the tongue raised/lip roundingC. articulators/extreme vowel positions/voicingD. teeth position alveolar ridge position/voicing50. In ____ the structure of words is studied.A. phoneticsB. phonologyC. morphologyD. syntax41-50. D C C C D B C A B C51．“The Three Unities”, formulated by Renaissance dramatists, are the unities of the following elements but ____.A. timeB. placeC. actionD. character52. “The founder of English materialist philosophy” is ____.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis BaconD. John Donne53. Babbitt is written by ____ who is also the writer of Main Street.A. William FaulknerB. Sinclair LewisC. John SteinbeckD. Jack London54. Under the Whitlam government “God Save the Queen” was replaced by ____ as Australian national anthem.A. “Waltzing Matilda”B. “Click Go the Shears”C. “Advance Australia FairD. “My Country”55. Australia is the world’s largest exporter of ____.A. wheatB. meatC. daily productsD. wool56. The United States is ____ populous country in the world.A. the third mostB. the second mostC. the mostD. the fourth most57. Which of the following is the father of the modern mode of painting?A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo58. If we begin interpretation of a sentence spontaneously and automatically on the basis of whatever information is available to us, that is called ___.A. top-down processingB. hotttom-up processingC. inductive analysisD. Comparative analysis59. ____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.A. DialectB. IdiolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Linguistics repertoire60. Of the following words, ____ is an initialism.A. UNB. NATOC. BASICD. UNESCO51-60: D C B C D A B A B A61. Which of the following writer was not the representative of Harlem Renaissance?A. Claude MckayB. Countee CullenC. Langston HughesD. J.D. Salinger62. Yoknapatawpha saga refers to a series of fictions written by _____.A. Thomas HardyB. Mark TwainC. William FaulknerD. Allan Poe63. Why is Samuel Johnson called “Dictionary Johnson”?A. Because he knows a lot more than other writers in words.B. Because he often consults an encyclopedia while writing.C. Because he is a master of English language.D. Because he is author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman.64. In Australia, under _____ the legislation to provide equal pay for men and women doing the same work was passed.A. the Whitlam governmentB. the Hawke governmentC. the keating governmentD. the Fraser government65．When did the third wave of migration begin in Australia?A. After the First World WarB. After the Second World WarC. During the Second World WarD. After the Vietnam War66. The “Big Stick” Policy was advanced by President _____.A. Franklin D. RooseveltB. William MekinleyC. Thomas Woodrow WilsonD. Theodore Roosevelt67. What is the largest river in America?A. The Ohio RiverB. The ColumbiaC. The Mississippi RiverD. The Colorado68. “Autumn” and “fall” are used respectively in Britain in and America, but refer to the same thing. The words are _____ synonyms.A. collocationalB. dialectalC. completeD. stylistic69. _____ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.A. surface structureB. syntactic ambiguityC. syntactic componentD. deep structure70. London speech that was illustrated by Shakespear e’s writing was generally termed _____.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modern EnglishD. Late Modern61-70: D C D A B D C B D C71. Percy Bysshe Shelly is famous for ________.A. Ode to a Skylark and Ode to a NightingaleB. Ode on a Grecian Urn and Ode to the West WindC. Ode to a Nightingale and Ode on a Grecian UrnD. Ode to the West Wind and Ode to a Skylark72. “Tom Jones” was written by ________.。

英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。

以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。

一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。

（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。

代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。

2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。

3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。

4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。

（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。

2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。

二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。

（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。