2014年同等学力申硕MBA模拟试题及答案解析

1. 如果秦川考试及格了，那么钱华、孙旭和沈楠肯定也都及格了。

如果上述断定是真的，那么，以下哪项也是真的?A.如果秦川考试没有及格，那么钱、孙、沈三人中至少有一人没有及格。

B.如果秦川考试没有及格，那么钱、孙、沈三人都没及格。

C.如果钱、孙、沈考试都及格了，那么秦川的成绩也肯定及格了。

D.如果沈楠的成绩没有及格，那么钱华和孙旭不会都考及格。

E.如果孙旭的成绩没有及格，那么秦川和沈楠不会都考及格。

1. 答案：E如果孙旭没及格，说明钱华、孙旭和沈楠没有都及格，则由条件可推出秦川没及格，因而秦川和沈楠不会都及格。

因此，E是题干的一个推论。

其余各项均不能从题干中推出。

2. 假设“如果甲是经理或乙不是经理，那么，丙是经理”为真，由以下哪个前提可推出“乙是经理”的结论？A.丙不是经理。

B.甲和丙都是经理。

C.丙是经理。

D.甲不是经理。

E.甲或丙有一个不是经理。

2. 答案：A要想推出“乙是经理”，我们首先要看一下“如果甲是经理或乙不是经理，那么，丙是经理”这个真命题的逆否命题：如果丙不是经理，那么甲不是经理而且乙是经理。

因此，选项A 就能充分保证“乙是经理”的结论成立。

3. 澳大利亚是个地广人稀的国家，不仅劳动力价格昂贵，而且很难雇到工人，许多牧场主均为此发愁。

有个叫德尔的牧场主采用了一种办法，他用电网把自己的牧场圈起来，既安全可靠，又不需要多少牧牛工人。

但是反对者认为这样会造成大量的电力浪费，对牧场主来说增加了开支，对国家的资源也不够节约。

以下哪项，如果为真，能够削弱批评者对德尔的指责?A.电网在通电10天后就不再耗电，牛群因为有了惩罚性的经验，不会再靠近和触碰电网。

B.节省人力资源对于国家来说也是一笔很大的财富。

C.使用电网对于牛群来说是暴力式的放牧，不符合保护动物的基本理念。

D.德尔的这种做法，既可以防止牛走失，也可以防范居心不良的人偷牛。

E.德尔的这种做法思路新颖，可以考虑用在别的领域以节省宝贵的人力资源。

2014年管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一．问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A ．B ．C ．D ．E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的，请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1．某部门在一次联欢活动中共设了26个奖，奖品均价为280元，其中一等奖单价400元，其他奖品均价为270元，一等奖的个数为（）A ．6B ．5C ．4D ．3E ．22．某单位进行办公室装修，若甲、乙两个装修公司合作，需10周完成，工时费100万元；甲公司单独做6周后由乙公司接着做18周完成，工时费96万元。

甲公司每周的工时费为（）A ．7.5万元B ．7万C ．6.5万元D ．6万元E ．5.5万元3．如图1，已知AE=3AB ，BF=2BC 。

若∆ABC 的面积是2，则∆AEF 的面积为（）A ．14B ．12C ．10D ．8E ．64．某公司投资一个项目。

已知上半年完成预算的13，下半年完成了剩余部分的23，此时还有8千万元投资未完成，则该项目的预算为（）A ．3亿元B ．3.6亿元C ．3.9亿元D ．4.5亿元E ．5.1亿元5．如图2，圆A 与圆B 的半径均为1，则阴影部分的面积为（）A ．23π B．2 C．34π-D．234π- E．232π-6．某容器中装满浓度为90%的酒精，倒出一升后用水将容器注满，搅拌均匀后又倒出一升，再用水将容器注满。

已知此时的酒精浓度为40%，则该容器的容积是（）A ．2.5升B ．3升C ．3.5升D ．4升E ．4.5升7．已知错误！未找到引用源。

为等差数列，且错误！未找到引用源。

，则错误！未找到引用F C EA B图1源。

（）A ．27B ．45C ．54D ．81E ．1628．甲、乙两人上午8:00分别自A ，B 出发相向而行，9:00第一次相遇，之后速度均提高了1.5公里/小时，甲到B ．乙到A 后都立刻沿原路返回，若两人在10:30第二次相遇，则A 、B 两地的距离（）A ．5.6公B ．7公里C ．8公里D ．9公里E ．9.5公里9．掷一枚均匀的硬币若干次，当正面向上次数大于反面向上次数时停止，则在4次之内停止的概率为（）A ．错误！未找到引用源。

2014年同等学力申硕《管理科学与工程学科综合水平考试》真题及答案一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共16分）1.下列样本统计量中受奇异点的影响最小的是（D）。

A.均值B.方差C.标准差D.中位数【答案】D【解析】奇异点，即样本中的极端值。

D项，中位数是一组数据排序后处于中间位置上的变量值，是位置平均数，不受极端值的影响。

2.下面图形工具中可以用来分析两个变量之间的相关性的是（B）。

A.直方图B.散点图C.茎叶图D.饼状图【答案】B【解析】B项，散点图是用二维坐标展示两个变量之间关系的一种图形，可以用来分析两个变量之间的相关性。

A项，直方图又称质量分布图，是由一系列高度不等的纵向条纹或线段表示数据分布的情况；C项，茎叶图是反映原始数据分布的图形；D项，饼图显示一个数据系列，这些数据源自数据表的行或列。

ACD三项都是用来描述单变量数据特征的图形工具，不可以用来分析两个变量之间的相关性。

3.有一种领导理论，它将领导方式分为四类，即命令式、说服式、参与式和授权式。

这种领导理论是（C）。

高级管理学P390A.管理方格理论B.权变理论C.领导的生命周期理论D.特质理论【答案】C【解析】C项，领导的生命周期理论将领导方式分为：命令式、说服式、参与式和授权式。

A项，管理方格理论将领导方式分为：贫乏型、乡村俱乐部型、中庸之道型、团队型；B项，权变理论认为有效的领导是由领导者、被领导者和环境条件三者决定的；D项，领导特质理论认为领导的有效性取决于领导个人特征。

4.企业管理层次的差异决定了目标体系的垂直高度。

这样，企业目标就成了一个有层次的体系和网络，即是目标的（A）。

A.层次性B.多重性C.变动性D.组织性【答案】A【解析】目标的特征包括：①目标的层次性，②目标的多重性，③目标的网络性，④目标的时间性。

其中，目标的层次性是指组织目标一般要进行分解，以使组织中不同层次的员工明白应当做什么才有助于总体目标的实现。

5.明茨伯格认为，战略是由5种规范的定义阐明的。

2014年12月27日管理类专业学位联考 数学真题一、问题求解题:第1-15题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.若实数a b c 、、满足::1:2:5a b c =，且24a b c ++=，则222a b c ++=（ ）. （A ）30 （B ）90 （C ）120 （D ）240 （E ）2702.某公司共有甲、乙两个部门，如果从甲部门调10人到乙部门，那么乙部门的人数是甲部门的2倍；如果把乙部门的15调到甲部门，那么两个部门的人数相等，该公司总人数为（ ） （A ）150 （B ）180 （C ）200 （D ）240 （E ）2503. 设m n 、是小于20的质数，满足条件2m n -=的{},m n 共有（ ）. （A ）2组 （B ）3组 （C ）4组 （D ）5组 （E ）6组4.如图，BC 是半圆的直径，且4BC =，30ABC ∠=,则图中阴影部分的面积为（ ）（A ）43π （B ） 43π-（C ） 23π （D ）23π+（E ）2π-5.某人驾车从A 地赶往B 地，前一半路程比计划多用了45分钟，速度只有计划的80%， 若后一半路程的平均速度为120千米/小时，此人还能按原定时间到达B 地，则A B 、两地距离为（ ）.（A ）450千米 （B ）480千米 （C ）520千米 （D ）540千米 （E ）600千米6.在某次考试中，甲、乙、丙三个班的平均成绩为80,81,81.5，三个班的学生分数之和为6952，三个班共有学生（ ）人.（A ）85 （B ）86 （C ）87 （D ）88 （E ）907.有一根圆柱形铁管，厚度为0.1m , 内径为1.8m ，长度为2m ,若将其熔化后做成长方体，则长方体的体积为（ ）3m .（A ）0.38 （B ）0.59 （C ）1.19 （D ）5.09 （E ）6.288. 如图，梯形ABCD 的上底与下底分别为5,7.E 为AC 与BD 的交点，MN 过点E且平行于AD ，则MN =( ).（A ）265 （B ）112 （C ）356 （D ）367（E ）4079.已知12,x x 是方程210x ax --=的两个实根，则2212x x +=（ ）. （A ） 22a + （B ） 21a +（C ） 21a - （D ） 22a -（E ） 2a +10.一件工作，甲、乙两人合作需要2天，人工费2900元；乙、丙两人合作需要4天，人工费2600元；甲、丙两人合作2天完成全部工作量的56，人工费2400元；则甲单独完成这件工作需要的时间与人工费为（ ）.（A ）3天，3000元 （B ）3天，2580元 （C ）4天，3000元 （D ）4天，2700元 （E ）4天，2900元11.若直线y ax =与圆()221x a y -+=相切，则2a =（ ）.（A （B ） 1（C ）2 （D ） 13+（E ）12+ 12.设点()0,2A 和()1,0B ，在线段AB 上取一点 ()(),01M x y x <<，则以,x y 为两边的矩形面积的最大值为（ ）.（A ）58 （B ） 12 （C ） 38 （D ） 14（E ） 1813．某新兴产业在2005年末至2009年末产值的年平均增长率为q ，在2009年末至2013年末产值的年平均增长率比前年下降了40%，2013年末产值约为2005年产值的414.46( 1.95)≈倍，则q 为（ ）.（A ）30% （B ）35% （C ）40% （D ）45% （E ）50%14.某次网球比赛的四强对阵为甲对乙，丙对丁，两场比赛的胜者将争夺冠军，选手之间相互获胜的概率如下，则甲获得冠军的概率为（ ）.（A ）0.165 （B ）0.245 （C ）0.275 （D ）0.315 （E ）0.33015.平面上有5条平行直线，与另一组n 条平行直线垂直，若两组平行线共构成280个矩形，则n =( ).（A ）5 （B ） 6 （C ）7 （D ） 8 （E ）9二、条件充分性判断：第16-25题，每小题3分，共30分。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.【答案】E.2。

解析：方法一：奖品均价为280元，则26个奖项共728028026=⨯元，设一等奖个数为x ，其他奖品个数为y ，根据已知条件，建立等量关系，则有⎩⎨⎧=+=+728027040026y x y x ，解得⎩⎨⎧==242y x ，则一等奖的个数有2个，故答案为E 。

方法二：十字交叉法。

一等奖与其他奖的个数之比为1:12，由于共有26个奖品，所以一等奖有2个。

2.【答案】B.7。

解析：设甲公司每周工时费为x 万元，乙公司每周工时费为y 万元，根据已知条件，建立等量关系；则⎩⎨⎧=+=+961861001010y x y x ，解得⎩⎨⎧==37y x ，则甲公司每周工时费为7万元，故答案为B 。

3.【答案】B.12。

解析：如图所示，利用等底同高的三角形面积相等，C 为BF 的中点可知△ACF 面积与△ABC 相等都为2，再根据AE =3AB ，可知BE =2AB ，即△BFE 为△ABF 的2倍，△ABF 的面积为4，因此△BFE 的面积为8，所以△AEF 面积为12，选B 。

4.【答案】B.3升。

解析：不妨假设该容器的容积为x ，则容易知道第一次倒出1升，则剩余的溶质为()%901⨯-x ，则再加入1升水后，溶液浓度为()x x %901⨯-，再倒出1升剩余的溶质为()()x x x %9011⨯-⨯-，再加入1升水后溶液的浓度为()()x x x x ÷⨯-⨯-%9011，根据题意，则有()%40%90122=⨯-x x ，解得x =3，选B 。

5.【答案】E.23-32π。

解析：如下图所示，连接点A O 1，B O 1，A O 2，B O 2，因为圆A 与圆B 的半径均为1，则边21O O 为1，显然21O AO ∆与21O BO ∆均为边长为1的等边三角形，因此菱形21BO AO 的面积为233121=⨯⨯，且可求得扇形B AO 1面积为313601202ππ=⨯⨯︒︒，因此下图中小阴影面积总和的一半为233-π，由此可知原题所求的阴影部分面积为扇形面积与下图中小阴影面积一半加和，则阴影面积为23-322333πππ=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+，故答案为E 。

2014年同等学历人员申请硕士学位工商管理真题及答案解析
(1/10)单项选择题
第1题
以下属于正式组织三要素之一的是______。

A.协作意愿
B.组织制度
C.组织结构
D.组织形式
下一题
(2/10)单项选择题
第2题
奠定了管理过程思想基础的是______。

A.泰罗的科学管理理论
B.法约尔的一般管理理论
C.马克斯·韦伯的理想的行政组织理论
D.西蒙的管理决策理论
上一题下一题
(3/10)单项选择题
第3题
以下不属于企业无形资产的是______。

A.声誉
B.品牌
C.文化
D.组织能力
上一题下一题
(4/10)单项选择题
第4题
提出企业战略包括产品与市场范围、增长向量、竞争优势、协同效应四个构成要素的学者是______。

A.波特
B.安德鲁斯
C.安索夫
D.明茨伯格
上一题下一题
(5/10)单项选择题
第5题
处于产品寿命周期______的产品，可以采用快速掠取策略。

A.介绍期
B.成长期
C.成熟期
D.衰退期
上一题下一题
(6/10)单项选择题
第6题。

2014年同等学力申硕工商管理模拟试题一单项选择题1.提出期望理论的管理学家是()A.亚当斯B.弗鲁姆C.赫兹伯格D.罗特利斯伯格2.计划和控制的基础是()A.业务B.制度C.信息D.组织3.在产品一市场发展的成熟阶段与饱和阶段里，销售量如果不到行业领先企业销售量5%的企业，不适宜采取的战略是()A.重点集中战略B.联合或兼并战略C.出售战略D.市场集中战略4.企业文化再造的内部动因不包括()A.企业改组B.进军国际市场C.资产重组D.股票上市5.企业给当场付清货款的客户以一定金额的减价，这被称为()A.现金折扣B.现金回扣C.让价折扣D.数量折扣6.企业在不同的细分市场推出不同的产品，并在渠道、促销和定价方面都加以相应该变，以适应不同细分市场的需要，这被称为()A.集中市场营销B.无差异市场营销C.差异市场营销D.一对一市场营销7.从价值链角度看，下面哪项活动属于辅助性增值活动?()A.生产作业B.售后服务C.市场营销D.采购管理8.财务管理环境按其与企业的关系，分为()A.宏观财务管理环境和微观财务管理环境B.企业内部财务管理环境和企业外部财务管理环境C.静态财务管理环境和动态财务管理环境D.长期财务管理环境和短期财务管理环境9.每期期末等额收付款项的年金，成为()A.普通年金B.即付年金C.延期年金D.永续年金10.甲公司与乙公司合并，甲公司存续，乙公司消失，这种并购方式称为()A.资产收购B.股票收购C.吸收合并D.创设合并二多项选择题1.动机在激发行为过程中的具体功能表现为()A.始发功能B.导向和选择功能C.控制功能D.维持与强化功能E.学习功能2.企业任务说明书的要素有()A.经营理念B.市场环境C.自我观念D.管理风格E.公众形象3.下面哪些方法是确定销售队伍规模的常用方法?()A.分解法B.目标任务法C.工作量法D.销售百分比法E.竞争对等法4.避免外汇风险的主要方法有()A.利用远期外汇交易B.利用外汇期权交易C.适当调整外汇受险额D.平衡资产与负债数额E.采用多角化经营【参考答案】一单选选择题1—5 BCDDA，6—10 CDBAC二多项选择题11—14 ACD,ABCE,ACD,ABCDE。

1.本考试分试卷一和试卷二两部分。

试卷一满分75分，考试时间为100分钟，9:00开始，10:40结束:试卷二满分25分，考试时间为50分钟，10:40开始，11:30结束。

2.请考生务必将本人姓名和考号填写在本页方框内。

3.请将试卷一答案用2B铅笔填涂在试卷一答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

4.在答题卡上正确的填涂方法为:在代表答案的字母上划线，如[A] [B][C][D]。

5.监考员宣布试卷一考试结束后，请停止答试卷一，将试卷一和试卷一答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，继续做试卷二。

监考员将到座位上收取试卷一和试卷一答题卡。

6.监考员收卷过程中，考生须配合监考员验收，并请监考员在准考证上签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)，否则，若发生答卷遗失，责任由考生自负。

Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections:In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue hasthree blanks and three choices A,B and C, takenfrom the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue andmark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. They had been in there for about 5 minutesB. It's theother man I'm talking aboutC. I thought you said there were three menBurney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with thegun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______?Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase,well, he goes up to the other guy -Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the otherpeople behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______Dialogue TwoA. Ilike a goodstoryB. They still make movies like thatC. People today don't like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I agree with you, eventhough they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies.Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______Speaker A: They like lots of action.Speaker B:_____5______Speaker A:I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B:Like real people with real problems.Speaker A:___6____Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which hasfour blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB. I document everythingC. Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD. I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowInterviewer:Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch myeye as I walk past.Interviewer:What do you use your computer for?Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screennow and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now.Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on topof that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computergames when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't likedoing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision siteson the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket"visit"! That feels really good.Part ⅡVocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B,Cand D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.11. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. in the interest ofB. under the control ofC .for the sake of D. at the cost of12.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressivelyproducers market it .A. vigorouslyB. effectivelyC. efficientlyD. rigorously13. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist”building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A. in case thatB. in spite thatC. for fear thatD. in order that14. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality .A. imaginationB. impressionC. presentationD. expression15. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. pressureB. reflectionC. examinationD. attack16. The mayor has spent ahandsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .A. sufficientB. plentyC. considerableD. moderate17. His poor performance maybe attributed to the lack of motivation.A. caused byB. focused onC. taken forD. viewed as18. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A. encourageB. obtainC. publicizeD. advertise19. Conditions for the growth of this plant areoptimum in early summer.A. most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favoriteD. most desirable20. She often says her greatest happinessconsists in helping the disadvantaged children.A. is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies onPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there arefourpassages followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been thatAmericans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can'tafford.We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough forretirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewedenthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are addingmoney-management courses to their curriculums . The Treasury and Educationdepartments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students tocompete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances forlong-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional effortsto boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom.Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such asbudgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college studentsconducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found thatstudents who'd had a personal-finance ormoney-management course in high schoolscored no better than those who hadn't."We need to figure out how to do this the right way,"says Lewis Mandell, aprofessor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studyingfinancial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work.A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach isneeded. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, puttingreal money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about theemotions and social influences tied to how we spend .Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial andsocialpressures that affect purchasing decisions.Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to thinkdifferently," saysJerooBillimoria ,founder of Aflatoun,a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries ,aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives .”“This goes beyond money and savings"21. The financial-literacy education is intended to________.A. help Americans to overcome the financial crisisB. enable Americans to manage money wiselyC. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisD. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management22. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be_______.A. well-receivedB. costlyC. rewardingD. ineffective23.Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para .3) ,theauthor means that the movement______.A.has gone through financial difficultiesB. has received much criticismC. has been regarded as imaginativeD. has been more and more popular24. Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ________.A.help students scorebetter in money-management coursesB. improve the social awareness of financial educationC. carry out financial-literacy education properlyD. manage money in a more efficient way25. Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree thatcommercial and social pressures makeone's purchasing decisions________.A. difficultB.feasibleC. unwiseD. acceptablePassage TwoCheating is nothing new,But today,educators and administrators are finding thatinstances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gainedacceptance among good and poor students alike .Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributedincreased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic(实用主义的)than their more idealistic predecessors.Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel greatpressure to conform and s ucceed. In interviews with students at high schools andcolleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had becomeeasy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-yearcollege student named Anna, fromChicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined.The pressure is not only form paren ts and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed .It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals,Edward Wynne , a magazine editor ,blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action .DwightHuber ,chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matterdifferently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I wouldcheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer testsrather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together,students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong withthe individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system."26. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.A. are not only those academically weakB. tend to be dishonest in later yearsC.are more likely to be punished than beforeD. have poor academic records27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.B. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating . .C. Students' cheating has deep social roots.D. Students do not cheat on essay tests.28. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huberagree with ?A. Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.B. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.C. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.D. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.29. The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________A. school administratorsB. students who cheatC. parentsD. teachers30. The passage mainly discusses_______A: ways to eliminate academic dishonestyB: factors leading to academic dishonestyC: the decline of moral standards of today's youthD: people's tolerance of students' cheatingPassage ThreeLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate g:ives her a panic attack.Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. Myco-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend isdisgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does anirrational fear of cheese come from?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusualanxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. Therewas no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselvestrapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage ofthe situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the wholefacing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided(消退)I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, butterrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process,but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.31. The 34-year-old British woman is extremelyafraid of metal forks becauseA.she has never used them beforeB.she has been injured by them beforeC.she couldn't bear their sound on plateD.she is afraid that they may hurt her32. The phrase "rats with wings" (Para. 3) refers to______A. strange birdsB. pigeonsC.devilsD. exotic rats33. The author's fear of elevators is the result of_______A. her phobia for no reasonB. her nervousness of being aloneC. her dislike of being in closed spacesD. her terrible experience34. After the fear subsided, the author realized that______A. her boyfriend's help was importantB. she could have had a good time with her boyfriendC. an elevator ride could be excitingD. it was not as horrible as she had thought35. The purpose for the author to share her experience is to_______A. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultB. encourage people to overcome their fearsC. introduce what strange fears people haveD. explain why people have strange fearsPassage FourThe American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangeroushealth misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, anddiet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly becomeoverweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread andopt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourageconsumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human bodyneeds carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but isexhausted of thisdietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded withcarbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefitssome fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help toprevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your bodyof the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also containantioxidants (抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with thepotential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely ofcarbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthybodies.But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the foodpyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consumesix to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each offruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cuttingcarbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well asguide you toward a proper exercise program forweight loss, or muscle gain. Theseprofessionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line:listen to the experts, not the advertisers!36. As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means______A. derivedB. deprivedC. startledD. starving37. According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products_______A. offer healthy optionsB. are responsible for obesityC. are not telling the truthD. value consumers' well-being38. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?A. Prevention of fiber reduction.B. Prevention of heart disease.C. Prevention of stroke.D. Prevention of cancer.39. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyB. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsC. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsD. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins40. The main purpose of the passage is toA. promote more physical exerciseB. advocate a healthy dietC. describe the variety of carbohydratesD. explain how to live a healthy lifeSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the commentson it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark your answer onthe Answer SheetOne of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering atschoolhelping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few workingparents have time for. These obliga tions are so baked into American values that fewparents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of howparental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researcherscombed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helpingthem with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthese measures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find ahandful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewerthan half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, wherepolicymakers have the most influence - they take place at home.Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the commentson it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinishedstatements, each with foursuggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose thebest answer and mark your answer onthe Answer SheetOne of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering atschoolhelping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few workingparents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that fewparents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of howparental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L.Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researcherscombed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helpingthem with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthese measures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find ahandful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewerthan half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, wherepolicymakers have the most influence - they take place at home.43. Comment1 suggests thatA. parents should leave their children aloneB. kids should be kids after allC. parents may influence children's thinkingD. persistent parental involvement is a must44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree thatA. high intelligence does not guarantee successB. getting ready for college is an emotional processC. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeD. high school is often boring in the U.S.45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.B. Monitoring kids' class performance.C. Assisting kids in their exercises.D. Making sure kids have finished their workPart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank thereare four choices marked, A, B, C,and D.Choose the bestanswerfor each blankand mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate.We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive,expensive,and sentimental. We imagine the look of happinessand surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel.47 .But there’s something thatthe most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about:48 the gift is practical in the first place.49 , practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. Theycommunicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often,no. "Gift receivers would be 51 ifgivers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attemptingto be'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprisethem, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, theyfind that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .46.A. to open B. opening C. have opened D. opened47. A. in person B. in turn C. in place D. in return48. A. Whether B. When C. Why D. How49. A. To be sure B. To sum up C. In many ways D. In many cases50.A. work out B. lead to C. make for D. take up51.A.happier B. more surprised C. happy D. surprised52.A.regardless of B. rather than C. as toD.but for53.A. decide B. classify C. select D. measure54.A. look B. quality C. nevertheless D. ease55.A. unexpectedly B. whereas C. nevertheless D. continuouslyPart V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions(Rangingfrom 56 to75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to becompleted. First, usethe choices provided in the box to complete thephrases. Second, use the completed phrasesto fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text OneA. accelerateB. otherwiseC. betweenD.imitatePhrases:A. would be difficult to 56B. from 57 its feathersC. enabling the bird to 58D. it 59 couldThe emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate thebird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times fasterthan60How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so byreleasing tiny air bubbles 61 .As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 62 .。

2014年同等学力申硕《工商管理学科综合水平考试》真题及详解2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位工商管理学科综合水平全国统一考试真题一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1．以下属于正式组织三要素之一的是（）。

A．协作意愿B．组织制度C．组织结构D．组织形式2．奠定了管理过程思想基础的是（）。

A．泰罗的科学管理理论B．法约尔的一般管理理论C．韦伯的理想的行政组织理论D．西蒙的管理决策理论3．以下不属于企业无形资产的是（）。

A．声誉B．品牌C．文化D．组织能力4．提出企业战略包括产品与市场范围、增长向量、竞争优势、协同效应四个构成要素的学者是（）。

A．波特B．安德鲁斯C．安索夫D．明茨伯格5．处于产品寿命周期（）的产品，可以采用快速掠取策略。

A．介绍期B．成长期C．成熟期D．衰退期6．市场营销管理的实质是（）。

A．销售B．营销计划C．需求管理D．顾客管理7．与顾客建立长期合作关系是（）的核心内容。

A．关系营销B．绿色营销C．公共关系D．相互市场营销8．目前，我国首次公开发行股票的定价方式是（）。

A．承销制度B．保荐制度C．询价制度D．固定价格制度9．某企业分期付款购买了一台设备，设备总价款为100万元，分5年平均支付，每年年初付款。

假设利率为10%，则该设备的现值为（）。

（PVIFA10% ，4＝3.170，PVIFA10% ，5＝3.791，PVIF10% ，4＝0.683，PVIF10% ，5＝0.621）A．68.3万元B．83.4万元C．88.3万元D．62.1万元10．下列股利政策中，股利支付与公司的盈利状况密切相关的是（）。

A．剩余股利政策B．固定股利政策C．固定股利支付率股利政策D．低正常股利加额外股利政策二、多项选择题（每小题2分，共8分）11．上市的股份有限公司的特征有（）。

A．资本证券化B．有限责任制C．所有权与经营管理权分离D．实行事业部制E．公司账目公开12．以下关于企业战略与组织结构之间关系的陈述，正确的有（）。