英美国家概况第11章

《英美国家概况》课程教学大纲一、课程大体信息课程代码：080355课程名称：英美国家概况英文名称：An Introduction to the Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程类别：选修课学时：36学分：适用对象: 英语专业学生考核方式：考试先修课程：基础英语，英语语法，英语泛读等二、课程简介英美国家概况是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业限选课，旨在向学生介绍所学语言国家的社会和文化等背景知识，拓宽其知识面，帮忙学生了解要紧英语国家的社会与文化概貌，使其从文化和社会的角度加倍深刻地明白得和把握所学语言知识和技术。

This is an English Major elective which, mingling together the background information of English-speaking countries and knowledge of the English language, aims at introducing to students information on the society and culture of major English-speaking countries, thus enlarging their sphere of knowledge and enhancing their power to better understand and manipulate the knowledge and skills they have acquired.三、课程性质与教学目的1．课程性质英美国家概况是一门集英语国家背景知识和英语语言知识为一体的英语专业限选课。

2．课程目的本课程旨在向学生介绍所学语言国家的社会和文化等背景知识，拓宽其知识面，帮忙学生了解要紧英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的大体知识，使其从文化和社会的角度加倍深刻地明白得和把握所学语言知识和技术，为从事以后的工作打下较为坚实的基础。

《英美国家概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. CII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them, the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is kno wn as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to ______ million b y the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former were the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” of the world.18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.II. Fill in the blanks:1.highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North SeaIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advis e the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met nea r Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgement Day.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the Frenchrefused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic. When sh e became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly. The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to give the maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British Constitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.IVRead the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False: ( 20 points )( ) 1. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.( ) 2. The stock market crash in 1929 was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S.( ) 3. George Washington was the first president of the United States.( ) 4. The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K. is based on a written constitution.( ) 5. Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence, and on July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the declaration.( ) 6. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.( ) 7. The word English means “the language that belongs to the Angles.”( ) 8. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”.( ) 9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of 397 square kilometers. ( ) 10. Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.( ) 11. The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.( ) 12. The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.( ) 13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious( ) 14. The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.( ) 15. William, Duke of Normandy, founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.”( ) 16. Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh people. ( ) 17. After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in 1979, she adopted a new program to cure the “British disease”.( ) 18. America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian, but a new continent. As a result, the new continent was named after him and became known as America.( ) 19. Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July 14, 1776, a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States.( ) 20. When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London, the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in 1782.1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTTIIV Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. What is the longest river in Britain?The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. How long did the Wars of the Roses go on?The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. When did American Civil War break out?. American Civil War began in 1861.4. What were the mainstream Americans called?The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. What does American Congress consist of?American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.IIIV Write between 100-150 words on the following topic: ( 10 points )Cold WarKey to Model 2Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.。

1 .What does the term United Kingdom 英国include?England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰2. What does the term Great Britain大不列颠include? England, Scotland and Wales3. The name England comes from a tribe that invaded England after the Romans had left 一个部落入侵4. The Angles were people who came from Germany5. The Vikings then came from Scandinavia 维京人来自斯堪的纳维亚6. The Normans came to England from France7. The Norman Conquest began in 诺曼征服始于10668. The Norman Conquest has changed the … forever. English language9. The English language has been influenced by German, Latin, Greek, Danish and French10. Henry VIII is famous because he 亨利八世established the Church of England11. Stonehenge is the most famous … in Britain 英国著名的巨石阵prehistoric monument 史前纪念碑12. William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays under …Elizabeth I. 伊丽莎白一世13. Under the reign of Queen Victory 在女王统治Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the world英国成为最强大和最富有的国家在世界14. The traditional English breakfast consists ofeggs, bacon, sausages, fried bread, baked beans and mushrooms鸡蛋，咸肉，香肠，炸面包，烤豆子和蘑菇15. What’s a 'packed lunch'?It consists of a sandwich, a packet of crisps, a piece of fruit and a drink它包括一个三明治，一包薯片，一个水果和饮料16. Afternoon Tea is the name for a small meal 小餐17. The river running through London is called Thames18. How many different languages are spoken in London every day ? 30019. People from minority ethnic groups were more likely to live in 从少数民族的人更可能生活在England than in the rest of the United Kingdom 其它联合王国的英国20. Great Britain is … populated compared with many other countries 大不列颠人口多heavily21. Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between … across England全日制教育是所有儿童义务教育年龄介乎 6 and 1622. All government-run schools 所有政府开办的学校follow the same National Curriculum遵循相同的国家课程23. … of all pupils in the UK attend independent fee paying schools or homesc hooling在英国的所有学生独立付费参加学校或在家自学 6 %24. The UK is the … largest economy in the world fourth25. Among Britain’s main industries today are 主要工业banking and finance银行及金融26. The UK’s most important export partner is英国出口伙伴—美国The USA27. The UK’s most important import partner is进口Germany28. The British currency is the 英国货币Pound sterling 英镑29. The average family size in Britain is …in other European countries. 英国平均家庭面积比欧洲小smaller than30. The most popular type of home in England is: Semi-detached (two houses joined together) 独立半式31. Only about … of cohabiting couples will eventually get married.同居情侣能结婚60%32. A broadsheet newspaper is a …大报high quality newspaper33. A tabloid newsp aper is a … 小报down-market or low quality newspaper34. What is Britain’s national sport?cricket 板球35. … is the official Head of State女王是国家地方负责人The Queen36. Britain has … monarchy an old-fashioned 君主制—宪法 a constitutional37. The Queen rules 象征Symbolically38. The House of Lords is made up of people who 上议院人员组成have inherited titles or were appointed because of their good work继承或委任39. The main job of the House of Lords is 上议院主要工作to 'double check' new laws to make sure they are fair and will work. 以“双遏制”的新法律，以确保公平40. The members of the House of Commons are called 下议院成员被称为Members of Parliament (MP) 国会议员41. The House of Commons is the most important place for 下议院是重要场所discussing policies and making laws 讨论政策制定法律42. Who can become a Member of Parliament? 谁能成为国会议员Any one over 21 who has been nominated as candidates to become an MP 任何一个超过21岁的候选提名者43. How does an MP get a seat in Parliament? 如何在国会中获得席位When s/he gets the most votes for his constituency (local area) 当地最多选票44. A Parliament has a maximum duration of … years 议会最长年限five45. How is the Prime Minister chosen? 总理如何产生S/he is voted for by the House of Lords and the House of Commons together 上下议院共同投票46. Who is the present British Prime Minister? 谁是英国现役首相David Cameron 卡梅伦47. The Secretaries of State are 国家的司级官员是the most important ministers w ho form the cabinet 重要的部长组阁48. There are three major political parties 三大主要政党Labour , Conservative and Liberal Democrats 工党，保守党和自由民主党50. The Metropolitan Police headquarters is 首都警察总部New Scotland Yard 新苏格兰场51. A nickname for British police officers is 英国警察绰号Bobby 鲍贝52. The Queen lives in Buckingham Palace 女王住在白金汉宫53. What are British people most likely to do in their spare time? 业余生活看电视watch TV54. The fifty stars on the flag represent the fifty American states 50个美国个州55. The thirteen stripes on the flag represent the original thirteen colonies 13条国企条纹标志着十三个殖民地56. The name of Americ a’s national anthem is The Star-Spangled Banner 国歌名称—星条旗57. What’s the capital of the USA?Washington, DC58. Which of the following is not a major topographical regions Continental United States: 不是美国大陆主要地形Oceanic 海洋59. Whi ch of the foll owi ng states are not connected to the other 48 states? 不连接其它48个州Hawaii and Alaska 夏威夷阿拉斯加60. The massive Rocky Mountains take up much of the … of the USA洛杉矶山脉—西部第三western third61. The term “Megalopolis” refers to 城市圈指的是the 500-mile stretch of urban areas from Washington, DC to Boston城市地区的500英里长，从华盛顿到波士顿62. Gospel musi c has i ts roots i n the …城市音乐的根在南方South63. The term “redneck” refers to 乡下人指rural southerners 南方农村人64. People called “hillbillies” are 东南部山区的农民uneducated, rather primitive white people 没有受过教育而不是原始的白衣人65. Texas is known as the 得克萨斯州是被称为“Lone Star State”孤星之州66. The largest American state in area is 美国面积最大州--Alaska 阿拉斯加67.The largest American state in population is 人口最多-- California 加利福尼亚68. The Pilgrim Fathers arrived in the” New World” in 朝圣者的父亲来到“新大陆”在162069. The famous ship that transported the Pilgrims from England to the “New World” was calledthe Mayflower送朝圣者到“新世界”船-- 五月花70. What happened on July 4, 1776? The declaration of independence was signed 独立宣言签字71. Most of the writing of the declaration of independence was done by 大部分独立声明写作出自Thomas Jefferson 托马斯杰斐逊72. Which of the below is not true about the “Bill of Rights”?人权法案不正确项It has never been written down in it’s original form从来没有原始格式73. The "Union" was a name for 联盟The seceding southern states who fought the northern states 南方战胜北方74. The "Confederacy" was a name for 联邦The primarily northern states who fought in the Civil war 北部各州谁在打内战75. The civil war was won by the The Confederacy 南部联邦赢得内战76. As a result of this victory The slaves were all freed 胜利的结果—奴隶被释放77. The bulk of the early settlers to the United States came from 美国早期移民来自England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales 英格兰，北爱尔兰，苏格兰和威尔士78. In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, great numbers of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe 十七世纪最后10年和20年大量移民来自东欧和南欧79. The term “minority group” does not refer to native Americans people 少数群体指富人rich people80. The “A meri can Dream”i s the i dea that a person can become ri ch without worki ng hard 美国梦一个人不工作变富can go from rags to riches 可以从破布致富81. Which of the below statements is not true? The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion第一修正案保障信仰自由freedom to carry a gun 自由携带枪—错82. Whi ch of the below statements is true? The Second Amendment guarantees the right of free第一修正案保证自由权利the right to keep and bear arms 有权携带武器—对83. The statue of liberty symbolizes 美国自由女神The American Dream84. Most American movies involve 大多数美国电影设计 a moral insight 道德85. When Americans go to see a movie, they expect 美国人看电影to get a new insight 得到新认知86. The American law is based on the constitution 美国法律依据宪法87. The federal government has …distinct branches Three 联邦政府有3个分支机构88. The cabinet 内阁are all other officers of the executive branch 行政机关的其它所有人员89. The Congress is made of 大会组成the Senate and the House of Representatives 参议院和众议院90. The head of the Executive branch is the President 行政机关主要负责人—总统91. The function of the Supreme Court is 最高法院功能—to interpret the constitution 解释宪法92. The United States has had … major political parties since the 1860's美国两大政党Two93. The 50 States haveexclusive power over many areas of law 在50个国家有超过许多法律领域的独家权94. Bi-lingual education in English and common immigrant languagesis available in many communities 许多社区用双语和移民语言95. Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 澳大利亚成为英联邦帝国190196. The population in Australia consist of … % of Asians. 7%澳大利亚人口是亚洲人797. The sovereign of Australia (chief of state) is the 澳大利亚主权（国家元首）是英国君主British Monarch98. As a country, Canada came into being in 186799. The capital of Canada is … . Ottawa100. Canada has about … million people. 32作文：100words essay 中美两国不同的思维方式18:10:25对方已选择使用离线文件发送“英美国家概况-exam-11.06.15.doc”(98.00KB)，在线文件传输取消。

《英美概况教案》PPT课件目录•英美国家概述•英国概况•美国概况•英美教育体制比较•英美旅游资源推荐•总结回顾与拓展延伸PART01英美国家概述地理位置与自然环境地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北面，被北海、英吉利海峡、凯尔特海、爱尔兰海和大西洋包围；美国位于北美洲中部，北与加拿大接壤，南靠墨西哥湾，西临太平洋，东濒大西洋。

自然环境英国地形以平原为主，气候温和多雨，四季分明；美国地形复杂多样，气候类型丰富，包括温带大陆性气候、温带海洋性气候、地中海气候等。

历史发展与文化传承历史发展英国历史悠久，经历了罗马入侵、中世纪封建制度、文艺复兴、工业革命等重要时期；美国历史相对较短，但发展迅速，经历了独立战争、西进运动、南北战争、两次世界大战等关键事件。

文化传承英国文化以绅士文化、下午茶文化、皇家文化等为代表，具有深厚的文化底蕴；美国文化以自由、民主、创新为核心，融合了世界多元文化。

政治制度及特点政治制度英国实行君主立宪制，国家元首为女王，政府首脑为首相；美国实行总统共和制，国家元首和政府首脑均为总统。

政治特点英国政治稳定，政府更迭较少，政策制定和执行相对缓慢；美国政治竞争激烈，政府更迭频繁，政策制定和执行迅速。

经济实力与产业结构经济实力英国和美国均为世界经济强国，拥有庞大的经济总量和强大的国际竞争力。

产业结构英国经济以服务业为主导，制造业和金融业也较为发达；美国经济以服务业和高科技产业为主导，制造业和农业也占据重要地位。

PART02英国概况公元前55年与54年，罗马将军朱利叶斯·凯撒两次率军入侵不列颠，虽未成功，但对不列颠产生了深远影响。

罗马入侵与不列颠的崛起5-6世纪，盎格鲁-撒克逊人从欧洲大陆迁徙至不列颠，逐渐形成了英格兰的雏形。

盎格鲁-撒克逊人的迁徙与定居1066年，诺曼底的威廉公爵征服英格兰，建立了诺曼王朝，并引入了欧洲大陆的封建制度。

诺曼征服与封建制度的建立1688年，英国爆发光荣革命，推翻了斯图亚特王朝的专制统治，确立了君主立宪制。