上海市长宁区2014届高三上学期期末教学质量检测(一模)化学试题Word版含解析-精编解析版

松江区2013~2014学年第一学期教学质量检测高三化学试卷2014.1考生注意：1．本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、准考证号。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

本卷可能用到的相对原子质量H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 S—32 Cl—35.5K—39 Fe—56 Cu—64 Ba—137第Ⅰ卷（共66分）一、选择题(本题共10分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确选项)1．建立系统完整的生态文明制度体系，用制度保护生态环境。

下列做法与此理念相违背的是A．加快石油资源的开采和使用B．《环境空气质量标准》中强制纳入PM2.5指标C．废旧电池应集中回收，不能填埋处理D．减少一次性餐具的使用，研发可降解高分子材料2．有关四氯化碳的化学用语正确的是A．结构简式：B．电子式：C．结构简式：CCl4D．比例模型：3．化学与生活关系密切，有关物质用途说法正确的是A．碳酸钡医疗上可用作“钡餐”B．甲醛溶液可以用来作食品防腐剂C．明矾可用于水的消毒、杀菌D．醋可用于除去热水瓶胆中的水垢4．将含等物质的量的氯化铵和碳酸氢钠混合溶液蒸干灼烧最终得到的固体是A．只有碳酸钠B．只有氯化钠C．一定是氯化钠和碳酸钠的混合物D．碳酸铵5．下列说法正确的是A．植物油和裂化汽油都能使溴水褪色B．煤油可由石油裂解获得，可用作燃料和保存少量金属钠C．淀粉、油脂、氨基酸都能水解，但水解产物不同D．对“地沟油”进行分馏可以制得汽油、煤油，达到变废为宝的目的二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，每小题只有一个正确选项)6．离子化合物A2B3是由短周期元素A和B形成，已知A3+离子比B2-离子少一个电子层，以下推断正确的是A．化合物A2B3是氧化铝B．A3+和B2-最外电子层上的电子数都是8C．A的最高价氧化物对应的水化物是强电解质D．元素B是第2周期第VIA族的元素7．某同学探究氨和铵盐的性质，相关实验操作及现象描述正确的是A．室温下测定等浓度氨水和NaOH溶液的pH，比较氨水和NaOH碱性强弱B．将氨水缓慢滴入AlCl3溶液中，研究Al(OH)3的两性C．将蘸有浓氨水和浓硫酸的玻璃棒靠近，观察到白烟D．加热除去NH4Cl中的少量NaHCO38．与右边图像有关的叙述，正确的是A．表示１mol H2 (g)完全燃烧生成水蒸气吸收241.8 kJ热量B．表示的热化学方程式为：H2(g)+ 1/2 O2(g) → H2O(g) +241.8 kJC．表示2 mol H2(g)所具有的能量一定比2 mol气态水所具有的能量多483.6 kJD．H2O(g)的能量低于H2(g)和O2(g)的能量之和9．关于由37Cl原子组成的氯气叙述正确的是A．71g该氯气样品含1摩尔氯气B．22.4L该氯气样品质量是74gC．37g该氯气样品与足量NaOH完全反应生成Na37Cl和Na37ClO3，氧化剂和还原剂的质量之比为5:1D．0.1摩尔氯气分子溶于水形成1000mL溶液，溶液中c(Cl-)+ c(ClO-)=0.1mol／L 10．C、N、S都是重要的非金属元素，以下分析正确的是A ．三者对应的氧化物均为酸性氧化物B ．三者的单质直接与氧气反应都能生成两种以上氧化物C ．同温度、同浓度的Na 2CO 3、NaNO 3、Na 2SO 3溶液的PH ：NaNO 3< Na 2SO 3< Na 2CO 3D ．CO 2、NO 2、SO 2都能与H 2O 反应，其反应类型相同11．关于化学键的各种叙述正确的是A ．在离子化合物里，只存在离子键，没有共价键B ．只有共价键形成的物质，不一定是共价化合物C ．非极性键只存在于双原子的单质分子中D ．由不同元素组成的多原子分子里，一定只存在极性键12．下列有机物名称正确的是A ．氨基丁酸B ．2-羟基-3-甲基-戊烷C ．1，2-二甲苯D ．3-乙基-1-丁炔13．有关电化学原理的推断正确的是A ．金属腐蚀就是金属原子失去电子被还原的过程B ．钢铁吸氧腐蚀时，负极反应式为：2H 2O+O 2+4e→4OH -C ．氯碱工业中，阳极发生的反应为：2Cl -–2e→Cl 2↑D ．镀锌铁皮的镀层损坏后，铁更容易腐蚀14．氢化热是指一定条件下，1 mol 不饱和化合物加氢时放出的热量。

2011学年第一学期高三化学期终质量抽测试卷满分l50分，考试时间120分钟。

相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 P-31 S-32 Cl-35.5 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 K-39 Fe-56第I卷 (共66分)一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卷上）1. 化学与人类生活、社会可持续发展密切相关，下列措施有利于节能减排、保护环境的是①研发易降解的生物农药；②推广使用节能环保材料。

③田间焚烧秸秆；④应用高效洁净的能源转换技术；⑤加快化石燃料的开采与使用；A. ①②④B.②③⑤C. ①③⑤D.②④⑤2.下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A．水分子的球棍模型： B．S2-的结构示意图：I D．N2的电子式：C．质子数为53，中子数为78的碘原子：131533. 下列“化学与生活”的说法错误的是A.硫酸钡可用作白色颜料B.石膏可用来调节水泥的凝固时间C.明矾可用于水的消毒、杀菌D.醋可用于除去暖水瓶中的水垢4. 下列叙述正确的是A. 金属晶体的硬度高于离子晶体B. K、Zn分别与稀硫酸反应所得溶液均呈中性C. Fe分别与氯气和稀盐酸反应所得氯化物相同D.C、P、S、Cl的最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性逐渐增强5.下列推断正确的是A．SiO2 是酸性氧化物，能与NaOH溶液反应B．新制氯水显酸性，向其中滴加少量紫色石蕊试液，充分振荡后溶液呈红色C．CO、NO、 NO2都是大气污染气体，在空气中都能稳定存在D．Na2O、Na2O2组成元素相同，与 CO2反应产物也相同二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上）6. 某元素只存在两种天然同位素，且在自然界它们的含量相近，其相对原子质量为152.0，原子核外的电子数为63。

下列叙述中错误的是A.它是副族元素B.它是第六周期元素C.它的原子核内有63个质子D.它的一种同位素的核内有89个中子7. 下列固体混合物与过量的稀H2SO4反应，能产生气泡并有沉淀生成的是A. NaHCO3和Al（OH）3B. BaCl2和NaClC. KClO3和K2SO4D. Na2SO3和BaCO38. 下列各组有机物只用一种试剂无法鉴别的是A．甲苯、乙醇、溴苯 B．苯、甲苯、环己烷C．甲酸、乙醛、乙酸 D．苯、苯酚、己烯9. 下列实验设计和结论相符的是A. 在含FeCl2杂质的FeCl3溶液中通足量Cl2后，充分加热，除去过量的Cl2,即可得到较纯净的FeCl3溶液B. 将SO2通入溴水，溴水褪色后加热恢复原色，说明SO2漂白生成的物质不稳定。

2013学年长宁区第一学期高三英语质量检测试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a bookstore. B. In a grocery.C. In a stationery shop.D. In a shopping mall.2. A. Diner and waitress. B. Librarian and reader.C. Ticket seller and customer.D. Teacher and student.3. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to dine out.C. She doesn’t like cooking.D. She feels awful today.4. A. The postcard has been lost. B. The man will go to the post office.C. The local post office is closed.D. The woman is expecting a postcard.5. A. To a bank. B. To Macao.C. To a travel agency.D. To a gymnasium.6. A. There will be too many people at the party.B. He feels sorry that the woman is not coming.C. It makes people happier to have more parties.D. The woman can bring her brother to the party.7. A. The man is extremely fond of traveling.B. The woman has taken many pictures at the contest.C. The man admires the woman’s talent in writing.D. The woman is an experienced photographer.8. A. The new dress is for warm weather. B. The new dress makes her look cool.C. She doesn’t like cold wea ther at all.D. She bought the dress when it was warm.9. A. A nice hair-style. B. An old photo.C. A wonderful wedding.D. An unforgettable friend.10. A. She could hardly find the truth. B. She doesn’t agree with the man.C. She is good at finding a place to stay.D. She had no travel experience in Russia.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. International Nurses’ Day. B. World No Tobacco Day.C. International Workers’ Day.D. National Chocolate Chip Day.12. A. May’s brilliant green jewel stands for constant love.B. Workers started to fight for 8 hours labor back in the 1800s.C. Chocolate chip cookies are usually made for the people you love.D. May’s flower, the Lily of the Valley represents happiness and pure love.13. A. The Merry Month of May. B. Month Flower and Jewel of May.C. Food Celebrations in May.D. No Cigarettes in May.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. He invented the way of blood transfusion (输血).B. He solved the problem of dangerous blood transfusion.C. He found a couple of new blood types of human beings.D. He discovered the relation between blood types and personalities.15. A. Loyal but anxious. B. Logical but changeable.C. Creative but selfish.D. Ambitious but inflexible.16. A. Modest. B. Neutral. C. Disapproval. D. Supportive. Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)One day I heard two girls talking about making net friends in a café. One said that she (25) ______ (meet) one of her net friends and the other told her not to because most people found their net friends (26) ______ (disappoint) in real life.We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially (27) ______ from one-child families, like to make net friends and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. However, is it wise for them to do so?In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you (28) ______ ______ take care. When you talk with someone unknown on the Internet, you have no idea at all what kind of person he is and (29) ______ he is telling you the truth. Besides we can’t deny that some bad guys mask themselves very well so that they can get many nice people (30) ______ (trap). So, you’re taking the risk of meeting your net friends (31) ______ you get any idea about him. In a word, you can never be too careful when meeting your net friends.(B)Perhaps one aspect of modern life which is most often considered ‘annoying’is noise. According to some estimates, the amount of urban noise (32) ______ (double) in the past ten years, and with the increase in road and air traffic, noise is likely to increase too.Noise quite clearly affects the health of modern man. It is a health threat. Loud noise (33) ______ (say) to be a leading cause of deafness among many people over 65. It is also a major (34) ______ (contribute) factor in causing stress, (35) ______ itself causes a variety of illnesses.Noise is sometimes associated with lack of communication in the modern world. In many busy shops, factories and nightclubs, (36) ______ level and constancy of noise make conversation at a natural level difficult or impossible.Certain people in society, such as motorcyclists, seem to believe they have a right (37)______ (make) as much noise as they like without being fined. Do they?We are so trained to noise in this modern world (38) ______ people growing up with little (39) ______ no experience of genuine peace and quiet have begun to associate silence with boredom. Isn’t it time for us to start teaching young people that silence is golden and that you can do a lot of interesting things (40) ______ the accompaniment of noise?Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms —any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see.The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 …The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of systems of living things) and tourism. It is ___51___ “responsible travel to natural areas that preserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people”by the International Ecotourism Society. Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a(n) ___52___ way. It’s a big business, and the attraction of money can cause people to think about ___53___ first. While ecotourism offers benefits to people and ecosystems, it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects,too.Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony, and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been ___54___. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks, ___55___ thanks to ecotourism. Nevertheless, due to the number of people visiting the country’s natural places, some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.While ___56___ can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been ___57___ by industries such as farming, logging, or mining if there were no ecotourism industry. Shelters (庇护所) have been created ___58___, keeping the ecosystem protected. And, by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their ___59___, and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these ___60___ with them to their home countries.Unfortunately, while their effect may not be ___61___ in the off-season, the constant parade of visitors in the high season can be damaging. At one national park in Costa Rica, wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists. ___62___, ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants, ___63___ the most delicate living things.It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry, but it is important to be ___64___ as well. Ecotourism can never be “pure”. We can’t expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem. It is also ___65___ to suppose that humans won’t go anywhere accessible to them. If protection efforts are maintained and increased, those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed, but they won’t be destroyed.51. A. defined as B. made up of C. applied to D. combined with52. A. attractive B. natural C. different D. responsible53. A. effects B. nature C. profits D. economy54. A. lost B. created C. abandoned D. shifted55. A. mainly B. comparatively C. unfortunately D. barely56. A. tourists B. environment C. manufacturers D. politics57. A. fertilized B. destroyed C. reserved D. stimulated58. A. equally B. regularly C. instead D. though59. A. freedom B. hardness C. welfare D. value60. A. ecosystems B. lessons C. animals D. trainers61. A. uncertain B. noticeable C. healthy D. special62. A. For instance B. On the contrary C. In addition D. As a whole63. A. appreciating B. discovering C. sheltering D. pressuring64. A. positive B. creative C. effective D. sensitive65. A. feasible B. reasonable C. unrealistic D. inevitableSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When I was young, it wasn’t the parental love that filled my thoughts in the spring. It was baseball.I loved everything about the game — the crack of a bat, the excitement of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old black-and-white TV. Yet looking back now, nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual (老规矩) of playing catch with my dad.Dad was never much of a baseball fan, but as green leaves began to shoot on bare branches and warmth returned to the air, he would grab his old mitt (棒球手套) and head out to the yard with me just the same. There was something beneficial about playing catch with him, the hum of the ball as it sailed through the air, and the friendly pop as it hit the leather netting. We may have been 50 feet apart, but the flight of that ball connected us, forming as strong a relationship as any father-son talk ever could have.I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never cared about that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship — that even if a problem didn’t involve a glove and a ball, Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction. His devotion to our springtime ritual showed his devotion to me — not only to my love of baseballl but also to my life.I’ve often heard it said that “the devil is in the details.” Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details.66. When the author was young, he didn’t care much about ______.A. the sound of hitting a ballB. the company of his fatherC. the joy of running after a ballD. the games broadcast on TV67. The author’s father practiced catching baseball with him on warm spring days, ______.A. having a father-son conversation with himB. killing time while doing some physical exerciseC. making him an excellent baseball playerD. giving him a guiding hand in his life68. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. a yearly celebration was held to start their spring baseball catching ritualB. the author and his father used to have a loose relationship with each otherC. the author fully realized his father’s love for him when he was youngD. the author’s father always stood by him whenever he was in trouble69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The same hobby shared between the author and his father.B. The way the author and his father used to spend spring days.C. The author’s sweet memory of his father’s love for him.D. The analysis made by the author about father-son relationship.70. Where does the passage most probably come from?A. An Apple Store leaflet.B. Apple Website.C. A textbook of app designing.D. A science magazine.71. Which of the following best summarizes the feature of Powerful apps for iPad mini?A. An amazingly clear display.B. Beautifully designed and combined.C. Well performing your daily routine.D. A super killer and greater battery saver.72. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. An A7 chip installed, iPad mini with Retina display is more battery consuming.B. Having an iPad mini with Retina display, you can do more in more places.C. iOS7 with many new features is only designed for iPad mini with Retina display.D. Order an iPad mini with Retina display online then collect it at your favorite retail store.73. Who would be the potential readers of the passage?A. Apple product fans.B. App software developers.C. Apple product sellers.D. Information technology engineers.(C)The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts.The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation (文化适应).Cultures are often identified by their symbols —images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles (图腾柱) carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes (部落). In Asia and India, the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric(from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people,” and kentros, meaning “center”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human characteror ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.74. What does the word “innate” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Instinctive.B. Developed.C. Believable.D. Cultivated.75. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another.B. An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own.C. Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire.D. People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image.76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society.B. Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures.C. Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude.D. Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world.77. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. Culture, the origin of racial superiorityB. Culture, a faithful mirror of historyC. Culture, the vigour of world developmentD. Culture, a distinctive identity of a nationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Some of the most popular programmes on British television, all with their regular millions of loyal viewers, are ‘soaps’ such as Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale. (A ‘soap’ is an informal word for a ‘soap opera’, which is a television story, in daily or weekly episodes (连续剧集), about the daily lives of the characters in it.)In every soap there is comedy and tragedy, and storylines of all kinds. In every soap there is the inevitable gossip, and there is the essential character who brings misfortune on himself — or herself, the spiteful woman who hates the success of her sister in marrying a man with money and whose childish behavior splits the family.To some degree, of course, the regular episodes provide many people with an adult kind of comic, rather like Dickens’ serialized novels did. At times, the actions and characters in them seem quite realistic; at other times, they go to the other extreme and show actions that look as if they are straight from the pen of the best fiction writers. But perhaps the fall into clearly fictional comedy or tragedy is necessary to remind regular viewers that their daily amount of ‘soap’ is no more and no less than a shot of fiction, and that the characters are not real.Certainly life is never dull in a soap. If one of the adolescents buys a motorbike and a young child lives round the corner, you can bet the two will meet in an accident. If two people fall in love and get married, you can be sure that a friend will cast an insult on the character of one of them, enough to break up the marriage. After all, this is not life; this is a soap! Reality makes way forfiction. The viewers who think that they are watching even a reflection of reality only bring disappointment to themselves. But there are still viewers who follow the comings and goings of the characters on screen with unreasoning faith, believing that the events are real when characters are injured or ill, or even die, and send cards or flowers with best wishes, congratulations or sympathies.What many of us find difficult to understand is just why soaps have become so popular?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Coronation Street, Eastenders and Emmerdale are popular British soaps which ______.79. What are the two necessary elements of a soap opera?80. The regular viewers need to be reminded that the soap operas are ______.81. What do some TV viewers do when they are mad about the soaps?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。

长宁区2023~2024学年第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三化学2023. 12 考生注意：1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、考号。

3. 作答必须按对应位置涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

4. 标注“不定项”的试题，每小题有1~2个符合条件的选项。

相对原子质量：O-16 Fe-56 H-1一、常见金属及其化合物的性质与应用（本题共20分）金属种类繁多，性质各异，应用十分广泛。

1. （单选）将一小块金属钠分别放入下列溶液中，对应的现象正确的是Ａ. 饱和NaOH溶液：产生气体，恢复至室温后溶液的pH增大Ｂ. 稀CuSO４溶液：产生气体，有紫红色物质析出Ｃ. MgCl２溶液：产生气体，生成白色沉淀Ｄ. NH４NO３溶液：产生无色无味气体2. （单选）少量Na2O2与H2O反应生成H2O2和NaOH。

下列说法正确的是A. Na2O2的电子式为B. H2O的空间构型为直线形C. H2O2中O元素的化合价为-1D. NaOH仅含离子键3. （不定项选择）向某溶液中加入少量Na２O２后，原溶液中所含的下列离子浓度会显著改变的是Ａ. NO３－Ｂ. NH４＋Ｃ. HCO３－Ｄ. SO３２－在FeCl3溶液蚀刻铜箔制造电路板的工艺中，废液处理和资源回收的过程简述如下：（己知：室温下K sp[Fe(OH)3]= 4. 0×10-38）I：向废液中投入过量铁屑，充分反应后分离出固体和滤液；II：向滤液中加入一定量石灰水，调节溶液pH，同时鼓入足量的空气。

4. FeCl3蚀刻铜箔反应的离子方程式为 ：过程I分离得到固体的主要成分是 。

5. 过程II 中发生反应的化学方程式为 ；过程II 中调节溶液的pH 为5，最终溶液中金属离子浓度为 。

(列式计算)6. 有同学研究上述“过程II”方案后，设计了下列方案：向滤液中加入足量的NaOH 溶液使Fe ２＋完全沉淀，过滤，小心加热沉淀直到水分蒸干，再灼烧到质量不再变化。

长宁区2013学年第一学期高三化学期终质量检测试卷请在答题卷上答题。

满分l50分，考试时间120分钟。

相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Cl-35.5 Na-23 Mg-24 Fe-56 Cu-64Ｓ-32第I卷(共66分)一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卷上）1. 化学与生活密切相关，下列说法正确的是A．二氧化硫可广泛用于食品的漂白B．煤经过气化和液化等物理变化可以转化为清洁燃料C．淀粉、油脂和蛋白质都是天然高分子化合物，都能发生水解反应D．利用粮食酿酒经过了淀粉→葡萄糖→乙醇的化学变化过程2. 下列物质分类正确的是A．芳香族化合物B．羧酸C．醛D．酚3. 铟产业被称为“信息时代的朝阳产业”。

元素周期表中铟的数据见下图，下列说法完全正确的是A．铟元素的质量数是114.8B．铟元素的相对原子质量是114C．铟元素是一种主族元素D．铟原子最外层有3个能量相同的电子4.浓硫酸有许多重要的性质，在与含有水分的蔗糖作用过程中不能显示的性质是A．酸性B．脱水性C．强氧化性D．吸水性5. 久置空气中会发生颜色变化，但颜色变化不是由于跟氧气反应引起的是A．过氧化钠固体B．苯酚晶体硫酸亚铁晶体D．亚硫酸钠固体二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，每题只有一个正确选项）6. X、Y为短周期元素，X位于ⅠA族，X与Y可形成化合物X2Y，下列说法正确的是A．X的原子半径一定大于Y的原子半径B．X与Y的简单离子不可能具有相同的电子层结构C．两元素形成的化合物中，原子个数比不可能为1∶1D．X2Y可能是离子化合物，也可能是共价化合物7. 卤素单质及化合物在许多性质上都存在着递变规律。

下列有关说法正确的是A．卤化银的颜色按AgCl、AgBr、AgI 的顺序依次加深B．卤化氢的键长按H—F、H—C1、H—Br、H—I的顺序依次减小C．卤化氢的还原性按HF、HCl、HBr、HI的顺序依次减弱D．卤素单质与氢气化合按F2、Cl2、Br2、I2的顺序由难变易8.把少量CO2分别通入到浓度均为0.1mol/L的①Ba(NO3)2溶液；②Ba(OH)2溶液；③溶有氨的BaCl2溶液中；④Na2CO3溶液，预计可能观察到白色沉淀的溶液是A.①、②和④B.只有②C.②和③D.②和④9. 下列溶液配制实验的描述完全正确的是A．在容量瓶中先加入一定体积的水，再加入浓硫酸配制准确浓度的稀硫酸B．用浓盐酸配制1:1(体积比)的稀盐酸(约6 mol.L-1)通常需要用容量瓶等仪器C．配制NH4Fe(SO4)2标准溶液时，加入一定量H2SO4以防水解D．用PH=1的盐酸配制100mL, PH=2的盐酸所需全部玻璃仪器有100mL容量瓶、烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管10. 1，6-己二胺（H2N－(CH2)6－NH2）毒性较大，可引起神经系统、血管张力和造血功能的改变。

静安区2013~2014学年第一学期教学质量检测高三化学试卷 2014.1考生注意：1．本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、准考证号。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

本卷可能用到的元素相对原于质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24A1-27 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 I -127第I 卷（共66分）一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项）1．2013年度诺贝尔化学奖再次授予计算化学领域的科学家。

以下基于结构理论进行繁难计算得出的是A ．天然气的热值B ．合成氨的原子利用率C ．尿素的含氮量D ．p 轨道电子云的形状2．以下不属于酯类物质的是A ．甘氨酸B ．硝化甘油C ．脂肪D ．硝酸纤维3．以下物质的分子可用比例模型表示的是A ． CO 2B ．H 2OC ． N 2OD ． HClO4．以下物质保存方法错误的是A ．钠-煤油中B ．氢氟酸-塑料瓶中C ．白磷-水中D ．无水氯化钙-细口瓶中5．以下变化后物质的总能量升高的是A ．钢铁生锈B ．气态SO 3变成固态三聚物C ．水电解D ．1,3-环己二烯生成苯二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项）6．实验室常用全是磨砂接口的曲颈甑制取HNO 3(如右图)，反应的化学方程式为：NaNO 3+H 2SO 4−−−→微热NaHSO 4+HNO 3↑用曲颈甑是因为HNO 3A．会腐蚀橡胶B．易挥发C．易分解D．是强电解质7．以下工业上或实验室里催化剂的使用不符合事实的是A．氨氧化-三氧化二铬 B ．乙醇氧化-铜C．合成氨-铁触媒D．二氧化硫氧化-铂铑合金8．下列有机反应在酸、碱性条件下都能进行的是A．银镜反应B．乙醇脱水C．油脂水解D．溴乙烷水解9．取Na2O、Na2O2、Na2CO3的固体混合物做了以下实验，以下记录不符合事实的是A．加入水中，产生无色气体B．加入酚酞溶液中，溶液先变红后褪色C．在干空气中加热到400℃，质量减少D．与SO2反应后，检测到有Na2SO4生成10．碘值是指100 g油脂中所能吸收(加成)碘的克数。

上海市虹口区2013~2014学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测高三化学试题2014.1 相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 K-39 Cu-64 Br-80一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1．国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC)将117号元素暂时命名为Uus，以下关于Uus的叙述正确的是A．是稀有气体B．有放射性C．是第六周期元素D．质量数为1172. 下列化学用语只能用来表示一种微粒的是A．B．2s22p6C．CH4O D．C3．下列变化需克服共价键的是A．金刚石熔化B．汞受热变成汞蒸气C．蔗糖溶于水D．食盐溶于水【答案】A【解析】试题分析：A中金刚石熔化破坏共价键。

B中汞受热变成汞蒸气破坏金属键。

C中蔗糖溶于水破坏分子间作用力。

D中食盐溶于水破坏离子键。

考点：本题考查共价键的存在与性质的关系。

4．下列反应现象“先变红后褪色”的是A．SO2与紫色石蕊溶液B．过量的Cl2与KI淀粉溶液C．硫化氢与醋酸铅试纸D．Na2O2与酚酞溶液【答案】D5．砷是氮族元素，黄砷（As4）是其一种单质，其分子结构与白磷（P4）相似，以下关于黄砷与白磷的比较叙述正确的是A．分子中共价键键角均为109°28′B．黄砷中共价键键能大于白磷C．黄砷分子极性大于白磷D．黄砷的熔点高于白磷二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，每题只有一个正确选项）6、为了确定某物质是否变质，所选试剂（括号内物质）错误的是A．Na2SO3是否被氧化（BaCl2）B．FeCl2是否被氧化（KSCN）C．KI是否被氧化（淀粉溶液）D．氯水是否失效（pH试纸）【答案】A【解析】试题分析：A中Na2SO3也能与BaCl2反应生成白色沉淀，无法判断。

B中FeCl2是若被氧化加入（KSCN）后变成红色，正确；C中KI若被氧化加入（淀粉溶液）会变成蓝色，正确；D中氯水若失效即为盐酸，用（pH试纸）会变红而不再褪色，正确；考点：本题考查物质的检验。

长宁区2014学年第一学期高三化学教学质量检测试卷 请在答题卷上答题。

满分l50分，考试时间120分钟。

相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Ba-137 Na-23 Mg-24 Fe-56 Al-27 Ｓ-32 Ni-58.7 第I 卷 (共66分)一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卷上） 1.下列物质的使用不涉及化学变化的是A.明矾用作净水剂B.液氨用作制冷剂C.氢氟酸刻蚀玻璃D.生石灰作干燥剂 2. 下列各组物质充分反应后，只能得到一种气体的是A ．固体硝酸铜受热分解B ．Na2O2与足量的稀硫酸反应C ．木炭和浓硫酸共热D ．足量的铜跟一定量的浓硝酸反应 3.下列关于氧化还原反应的描述正确的是 A. 离子反应一定是氧化还原反应 B. 阴离子只有还原性 C. 阳离子只有氧化性D. 反应2H2S ＋SO2 → 3S ＋2H2O 中氧化产物与还原产物物质的量之比为2∶14.某化合物结构简式为，下列关于其说法正确的是A.分子中碳原子与氮原子的个数比是7∶5B.属于芳香族化合物C.能与氢氧化钠溶液反应，但不能与盐酸反应D.属于苯酚的同系物5. 有关元素及其化合物的化学用语正确的是 A ．CO2的电子式：....C OO ................ B ．NaClO 的结构式：C ．醋酸钠的分子式：C2H3O2NaD ．乙烯的比例模型：二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，每题只有一个正确选项）6.晶体的叙述中，正确的是A ．原子晶体中，共价键的键能越大，熔、沸点越高B ．分子晶体中，分子间的作用力越大，该分子越稳定C ．分子晶体中，共价键的键能越大，熔、沸点越高D ．离子晶体不一定能溶于水，但一定不含非极性共价键 7.以下关于煤与石油化工的认识不正确的是A ．分子中含18个碳原子以上烷烃的重油经过催化裂化可以得到汽油B ．氧化铝粉末可以提高石蜡裂化的效率C ．塑料、橡胶、纤维都是石油化工的产品D ．植物油和裂化汽油都含有不饱和碳原子8. 1，3-丁二烯和2-丁炔分别与氢气反应的热化学方程式如下： CH2=CH —CH=CH2(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3(g) + 236.6 kJ CH3-C ≡C-CH3(g) + 2H2(g) → CH3CH2CH2CH3(g) + 272.7 kJ 据此，相同条件下，下列推断不正确的是A．由上述反应可知，受热时C4H10比C4H6更难分解B．1，3-丁二烯比2-丁炔稳定C．1，3-丁二烯转化为2-丁炔要吸收热量D．1mol 1，3-丁二烯气体比1mol 2-丁炔气体储存的能量低9. 下列溶液配制实验的描述完全正确的是A．在实验室，学生一般无需查阅资料即可用75%的硝酸来配制50mL65%的硝酸溶液B．实验室在配制FeCl3溶液时，常将FeCl3固体溶于较浓的盐酸中C．用浓盐酸配制1:1(体积比)的稀盐酸(约6 mol.L-1)通常需要用容量瓶等仪器D．用PH=1的盐酸配制100mLPH=2的盐酸所需全部玻璃仪器有100mL容量瓶、烧杯、玻璃棒、胶头滴管10.短周期元素X、Y、Z、W、Q在元素周期表的位置如表所示，其中X元素的原子内层电子数是最外层电子数的一半，则下列说法正确的是A．W得电子能力比Q强B. 由Z与Y组成的物质在熔融时能导电C. 钠与W可形成Na2W2化合物D．X有多种同素异形体，而Y不存在同素异形体11.下列有关金属腐蚀的推断正确的是A．金属腐蚀就是金属原子失去电子被还原的过程B．钢铁吸氧腐蚀时，负极反应式为：2H2O+O2+4e→4OH-C．1.68g铁粉发生吸氧腐蚀时，理论上最多能吸收氧气504mL（标准状况）D．镀锌铁皮的镀层损坏后，铁更容易腐蚀12. 最近有科学家成功地在高压下将CO2转化具有类似SiO2结构的原子晶体，下列关于CO2的原子晶体说法正确的是A．在一定条件下，CO2原子晶体转化为分子晶体是物理变化B．CO2的原子晶体和CO2分子晶体具有相同的物理性质和化学性质C．在CO2的原子晶体中,每个C原子周围结合4个O原子,每个O原子跟两个C原子相结合D．CO2的原子晶体和分子晶体组成相同，实际上是同一种物质13.相同条件下，下列关于反应速率的判断正确的是A．0.1 mol·L－1的盐酸和0.1 mol·L－1的醋酸分别与2mol·L－1的NaOH溶液反应的速率相同B．0.1 mol·L－1的盐酸和0.1 mol·L－1的硝酸分别与大小相同的大理石反应的速率相同C．Mg和Fe分别与0.1 mol·L－1的盐酸反应的速率相同D．大理石块与大理石粉分别与0.1 mol·L－1的盐酸反应的速率相同16.向饱和澄清石灰水中加入少量CaC2，充分反应后立即测定所得溶液中离子浓度，下列预测正确的是A．c(Ca2＋)、c(OH―)一定增大B．c(Ca2＋)、c(OH―)一定保持不变C．c(Ca2＋)、c(OH―)均可能减小D．c(OH―)增大、c(H＋)减小三、选择题（本题共20分，每小题4分，每小题有一个或两个正确选项。