英语泛读教程2所有翻译

梦想的阴暗之面艾力克斯•哈利许多人怀有美好的愿望，期望能成为作家，但是能够梦想成真的人不多。

艾力克斯•哈利也想成为作家，可是他成功了。

阅读下面这篇文章，看一看他成功的原因。

许多青年人对我说，他们想成为作家。

我一直鼓励这样的人，但是我也向他们解释“成为作家”和写作之间存在着巨大的差别。

多数情况下这些年轻人梦寐以求的是财富与名誉，从未想到要孤身一人长久地坐在打字机旁。

“你们渴望的应该是写作，”我对他们说，“而不应该是当作家。

”事实上，写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作。

有一个被命运之神垂青的作家，就有成千上万个永远无法实现梦想的人。

即使那些成功人士也经常受到长久的冷落，穷困不堪。

我便是其中之一。

我放弃了在海岸警卫队做了二十年的工作，为的是成为一名自由撰稿人，这时，我根本没有前途可言。

我所拥有的只是一位住在纽约市的朋友，乔治•西姆斯，他和我是在田纳西州的赫宁一起长大的。

乔治为我找了个家，位于格林威治村公寓大楼中的一间腾空的储藏室，而他是那幢大楼的管理员。

房子里冷嗖嗖的，没有卫生间，不过这没什么。

我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己颇象一位名符其实的作家。

然而，大约一年后，我的写作生涯依然没有任何起色，我开始怀疑自己。

卖出一篇小说是如此艰难，以至我几乎填不饱肚子。

但是，我清楚的是我想写作，我已梦寐以求了许多年。

我并不准备成为一名到死时还在想假如的人。

我会坚持把我的梦想付诸实践-- 即使这梦想意味着不稳定的生活和对失败的恐惧。

这是希望的阴暗面，任何心存梦想的人都必须学会在这阴暗面下生存。

后来有一天，我接到了一个电话，由此改变了我的一生。

这并不是一位代理人或编辑打来电话，主动要求与我签大的稿约。

恰恰相反-- 是一声鸣笛，诱使我放弃梦想。

打电话来的是海岸警卫队的老熟人，现在在旧金山。

他曾经借给我几美元，喜欢催我还给他。

“我什么时候才能拿到那十五美元，艾力克斯？”他逗我说。

“等我下一次卖出作品吧。

”“我有个好主意，”他说，“我们这儿需要一位新的公共信息管理员，年薪六千美元。

十四、迟来的关注马特•米勒在美国，许多人并不了解日本帝国军队在侵略中国时所犯下的滔天罪行。

在日本，许多人甚至试图否认南京大屠杀。

艾里斯•张写的《南京大屠杀》，就是要提醒人们牢记六十年前犯下的罪行。

下面这篇文章是对这本书的评论。

六十年前，日本帝国军队发动的南京大屠杀，在人类所犯下的集体罪行记录中位置醒目。

在不到两个月的时间里，日军杀害了15-30万手无寸铁的中国公民，强奸折磨了10多万中国妇女。

这是一次野蛮的集体暴行，至今许多日本人不能解释，或根本不承认曾经发生过这样的事情。

在美国，有一系列会议安排在南京大屠杀周年日召开-- 自12月13日起持续近六周的时间-- 试图重新激起对这一恐怖事件长期冷漠了的兴趣。

多数美国人根本不了解发生于1937年12月至1938年1月的大屠杀，也不清楚它与二战之间的关系。

在这次试图重新激起人们关注活动中起中心作用的，是伊瑞斯•张的新作《南京的强奸》。

张，二十九岁，住在加利福尼亚矽谷桑尼威尔市，它位于旧金山以南一百公里。

一位美籍华人作家在美国科技腹地正率先对日军进行谴责，既要求日方承认罪行，担负责任，又要求得到美国大众的认可，这并非偶然。

张和她的著作是美国国内的一场重大运动的标志。

它要求共享历史。

随着少数民族群体逐渐在经济、社会和政治方面树立起了信心，他们努力工作，向前迈进，好让人们听到自己的历史故事。

“这是对全体美国人提出的要求，要他们融合其他民族的历史，壮大自己，”薇拉•施瓦茨说。

她是康涅狄格州韦斯勒因大学的中国历史教授。

这场运动在任何地方都比不上在加利福尼亚的一些富有的亚裔美国人社区更引人注目。

“我去了学校图书馆，发现这方面的资料竟如此之少，非常震惊。

”住在洛杉矶的韩裔美国作家李赫利说。

她那本颇受批评家好评的回忆录《生存之粮》，讲述了她祖母在落入日军魔掌后战胜巨大困难的故事，非常引人入胜。

她说：“作为亚裔美国人，我们应该提供资料，应该说出来。

”南京大屠杀为美籍华人提供了一个令人信服的兴趣点，他们施加压力，使旧金山联合校区把大屠杀写入高中的历史课程。

汉译英1.家庭的贫困并未使他沮丧，相反，他更加下定决心要努力学习，改变自己的命运。

(to the contrary)The poverty of the family didn’t frustrate him; to the contrary, he became more determined to work hard and decide his own fate.2.在王先生住院期间，他的两个女儿轮流照顾他，让我惊讶的是，他钟爱的儿子却从没露面。

(take turns,to one’s amazement )While Mr. Wang was in hospital, his two daughters took turns looking after him. However, to my amazement, his beloved son never turned up.3.你有可能成为一名优秀的音乐家，但是缺少练习正在妨碍你的发展。

(hold back) You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.4.一开始他对那些谣言并不在乎，但后来他决心要加以制止。

(put an end to)At first hi didn’t care much about those rumors, but later he was determined to put an eng to them.5.看到她爸爸用胶泥做成的小自行车，安妮显得很激动，说她宁愿要这样而不是真车。

(make…out of)Seeing the little toy bike which he father had made out of clay, Annie looked very excited and said that she preferred this one to a real bike.6.他们在搬进去之前，把屋子里里外外粉刷了一遍。

我们如何听音乐？艾伦·科普兰我们都按自己种种不同的能力听音乐。

但是，为了分析的方便，如果我们将整个听的过程分成几个组成部分，这一过程就会更加清楚。

在一定意义上说，我们都在三个不同的层次上听音乐。

由于缺少更好的术语，我们可以这样的称呼它们：（1）感官层次，（2）表达层次，（3）纯音乐层次。

将听的过程机械地分为这些设想的层面所能得到的唯一的好处，是对我们听的方法有更清楚的了解。

听音乐最简单的方式，是为了富有音乐性的声音本身所带有的纯粹的快感而听。

这是感官层次。

这个层次上我们听音乐并不思考，不在任何方面考虑它。

一个人做别的事情时打开收音机，心不在焉地沉浸在声音之中。

音乐的纯声音魅力，产生一种无需动脑却被吸引的思想状态。

你也许正坐在房间里阅读这本书。

设想钢琴上响起一个音符。

立刻，那个音符足以改变房间里的气氛——证明音乐中的那个声音成分是有力和神秘的东西，嘲笑它和贬低它是可笑的。

令人吃惊的事是，许多认为自己是合格的音乐爱好者的人，滥用听中的这一层次。

他们去听音乐会，为的是失去自己。

他们把音乐当成一种安慰或一种逃避。

他们进入一个理想的世界，那里人们不用考虑日常的现实。

当然，他们也不是在想着音乐。

音乐准许他们离开现实，而他们到一个地方去做梦，因为音乐做梦和做关于音乐的梦，但是从没有真正地听音乐。

是的，音乐的声音魅力是一种潜在的和原始的力量，但是，千万不要让它不合比例地侵占你的兴趣。

感官的层次是音乐中重要的层次，非常重要的层次，但是它并不组成整体。

没有必要在感官的层次上扯得更远。

它对每一个正常的人的影响是显而易见的。

然而，还有不同的作曲家使用的、对声音的不同种类更敏感的一种东西。

因为不是所有的作曲家都以同样的方法使用声音材料。

不要以为音乐的价值和它的感官魅力相等，也不要认为最动听的音乐是最伟大的作曲家创作的。

如果那样的话，拉威尔将会是比贝多芬更伟大的创造者。

这意思是说，声音成分因每一位作曲家而异，他对声音的使用构成他的风格的一个不可分割的部分，在听音乐时必须加以考虑。

Unit1 The Shadowland of DreamsSander打磨机Ordeal严酷考验cherish :keep fondly in mind 充满感情地怀有longing :earnest desire渴望prospect :chances of future success 前途superintendent :manager（大楼的）管理人manual :operated by hand 手工操作的siren塞壬(原指希腊神话中半人半鸟的女海妖,她以美妙歌声吸引水手并使船只触礁沉没)汽笛；诱人的，用手段引人随从自己的意见sacrifice牺牲Gobble up急切的抓住；消耗a freelance writer自由撰稿人Coast Guard 美国海岸警卫队down-home: reminiscent故乡；田园生活的stay the course持续到底Unit2 Critical Thinkingdysfunctional功能障碍的wherewithal资金herculean力大无比的egocentricity自我中心goo粘性物brittle脆弱的abdomen腹部arouse启发；〈古〉照耀inspire sb on a subject 使某人明白某问题Ascend上升；追溯/Descend：下来来源于+from起源于+on袭击+to把身份降至Unit 3 Recyclingmonotonous (mono- 单+tone调+-ous的)单调的;令人厌倦的Insignificant无意义的aid：insignificant talk废话insignificant person小人物costume 服装Scrap废料Sewage污水enrage [常用于被动式] 使人愤怒aid：be enraged at by sb's conduct因某人的行为而极为愤怒be enraged with sb.对某人勃然大怒Unit7 numbers and omensenculturation文化浸润auspicious 吉祥的ominous不吉的exclaim 惊叫antiquity古老initiation ceremony成人仪式Unit 8 Getting Enough Sleep? Dream Ondeprive剥夺lapse [læps] n. 丧失, 失效eyelid [‘ailid] n. 眼睑, 眼皮pupil [‗pju:pəl] n. 瞳孔mortgage抵押coin [kɔin] v. 创造array [ə‘rei] n. 展示biochemical [baiəu‘kemikəl] 生物化学的timepiece [‘taimpi:s] n. 时钟arousal [ə‘rauzəl] n. 觉醒fatigue [fə‘ti:ɡ] n. 疲劳precise [pri‘sais] 精确的regulate [‘reɡjuleit] vt.控制wane [wein] 减少alarming [ə‘lɑ:miŋ] 扰乱人心的vivacious [vi‗veiʃəs] 活泼的play-off n. 最后决赛strobe light n. 闪光灯go to great lengths to do sth竭尽全力Be / become cross with (对…)生气doze [dəuz] 打瞌睡doze off 打瞌睡Unit 9 Invented Wordsab-, 表示“相反，变坏，离去”等abnormal 反常的abuse 滥用bi-表示“两个，两”biweekly双周刊bilingual双语种的biannual一年两次的by-表示“在旁边，副的”byproduct副产品byroad辅路byway小道bypass旁路；忽略bywork副业co-表示“共同”，通常放在元音词根前Cooperation合作Coexist共存Coincide一致，符合，巧合Coordinate协调Correlate 关联，使相关fore-表示“前面，预先”forefather前人，祖先Forearm前臂forecast预报，预测foreshadow 预示，暗示Unit10 Nuclear Energyutility 工具；机构contaminant污染物millennia数千年algorithm演算tsunami海啸Unit 1requite =reward 报酬prospect=chances of future success 前景station=working岗位on the side=as a secondary occupation 副业;背地里well up=rise like water涌上aid: well off=rich/well built(健身)+person/well done(烤熟)+meat veteran=experienced老练的wilted=less than fresh枯萎的limelight=full daylight聚光灯，注目的中心exhilarating=delighting and exciting令人兴奋的corrode=rust腐蚀aid: rusty surface(锈蚀表面)/ rusty skill(生涩的技艺)/corrupt（灵魂的腐蚀=腐败）/salt of earth(…的精华)/worth one’s salt(称职)Unit2ethics=the study of moral issues伦理学：道德规范assess=evaluate评估overlapping=covering in part相互重叠aid：overcast(多云)/to go over board on sth(对…极端)/overcome（克服）/to take an overdoes(服药过量)/overdue(过期)+change（期待已久的改变）conceive=conceptualize设想;怀孕aid: conceive a child（从无到有，怀上一个孩子）/contend with（应付某人）/concept(概念)transcend=go beyond超越aid：transfusion(输血)/transplant[嫁接]/transvestite[异装癖] undermine=weaken逐渐削弱sanction=approve处罚；支持；批准orchestrate=coordinate使协调结合；精心安排encompass=include包括；完成intensify=increase强化aid: languid=weary无精打采的disparate=separate不同的tacit心照不宣的gaunt憔悴的aid：plump丰满的/chubby脸圆/obese肥胖legal=lawful合法的alacrity敏捷do sth with alacritybrief=short简洁的blame=censure责备incessant=ceaseless无休止的Unit3divert=sidetrack使转向aid：divert+ traffic/plane/resource/attentionstack=pile堆积aid：stack of +sthimpact=influences影响insulate=protect隔离casual=chance偶然的aid: off chance=hard机会不大demolition=destruction毁坏fad=fashion时尚discard=throw away丢弃garbage=trash垃圾viability=practicability可行性consistently=regularly有规律的hold down=restrain抑制Unit7chew out=shout out训斥take shape=come to be formed形成be held at bay=be kept away远离ascribe=attribute to归因于wary of=cautious of小心翼翼的stray from=wander away from偏离meticulous=careful小心谨慎的incline to=attract by趋向look-upon=regard注视assign=deliver分派implies=explain说明；暗示obsessed with=preoccupied with迷恋；全神贯注于homophone=a word pronounced like another word but with a different meaning or spelling同音异义词sprinkled=scattered撒…于…Unit8consequence=result结果prone to=likely to suffer易于tap=press逼迫；压perspective=view远景synchronize=cause…to occur at the same time同时发生sufficiently=adequately足够地apathetic=indifferent无动于衷的mortality=death rate死亡率impair=weaken削弱optimally=best possibly最佳的aptly=rightly适当地aid: be apt to (倾向于做)Unit9imitative=reproducing closely模仿地aid: to do an imitation of sb(模仿某人) pasteurized=purified净化astronaut=one engaged in space flight宇航员antibiotic=antibacterial抗生素linguist=those study the science of language语言学家chortle=gleeful chuckle哈哈大笑knockdown=overwhelming击倒Unit10generate=produce产生unleash=set free解开束缚equilibrium=balance平衡scaled-up=enlarged比例增大meter=measure测量dogged=ruined衰落；顽固的aid：go to the dogs 衰落liability=indebtedness亏欠saturated=wet浸透的adherent=believer拥护者repository=depository储藏室reversal=wavering逆转。

汉译英1.家庭的贫困并未使他沮丧，相反，他更加下定决心要努力学习，改变自己的命运。

(to the contrary)The poverty of the family didn’t frustrate him; to the contrary, he became more determined to work hard and decide his own fate.2.在王先生住院期间，他的两个女儿轮流照顾他，让我惊讶的是，他钟爱的儿子却从没露面。

(take turns,to one’s amazement )While Mr. Wang was in hospital, his two daughters took turns looking after him. However, to my amazement, his beloved son never turned up.3.你有可能成为一名优秀的音乐家，但是缺少练习正在妨碍你的发展。

(hold back) You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back.4.一开始他对那些谣言并不在乎，但后来他决心要加以制止。

(put an end to)At first hi didn’t care much about those rumors, but later he was determined to put an eng to them.5.看到她爸爸用胶泥做成的小自行车，安妮显得很激动，说她宁愿要这样而不是真车。

(make…out of)Seeing the little toy bike which he father had made out of clay, Annie looked very excited and said that she preferred this one to a real bike.6.他们在搬进去之前，把屋子里里外外粉刷了一遍。

Unit11.requite vt. 报答，回报；酬谢[ 过去式requited 过去分词requited 现在分词requiting ]2.prospect n. 前途；预期；景色3.station vt. 配置；安置；驻扎4.on the side 作为兼职,作为第二职业5.well up 涌出；流露；萌发take shape v. 形成；成形；体现；具体化overwhelmvt. 淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮6.veteran adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的7.Wilted adj. 枯萎的；萎蔫的edible adj. 可食用的n. 食品；食物8.Limelight n. 石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心（但此题只根据它字面意思选，选D）dazzling adj. 耀眼的；眼花缭乱的substantial success 实质的成就9.Exhilarating adj. 使人愉快的；令人喜欢的；爽快的10.Corroded adj. 侵蚀的，已被腐蚀的rusted adj. 锈的，已被腐蚀的Unit21.Ethics n. 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ideology n. 意识形态；思想意识；观念学2.Assess vt. 评定；估价；对…征税evaluate vt. 评价；估价；求…的值scrutinizevt. 详细检查；细看decompose vi. 分解；使腐烂3.Overlapping adj. 重叠；覆盖4.Conceive 构思；以为；持有，怀孕contending adj. 争先的，争辩conceptualizing使概念化，仔细构想5.Transcend vt. 胜过，超越6.undermine vt. 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基enhance vt. 提高；加强；增加7.sanction vt. 制裁，处罚；批准；鼓励framing v. 制定；构造；装框子（frame的ing形式）confining adj. 受限的，限制的；狭窄的，偏狭的；拘束的8.orchestrated 使…协调地结合在一起，精心安排（orchestrate的过去式和过去分词）coordinated adj. 协调的refined adj. [油气][化工][冶] 精炼的；精确的sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的9.encompass vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成10.intensifying v. 加紧，加剧；加强；增强（intensify的现在分词）retarding v. 迟滞，减速（retard的ing形式）；延迟1.diverted v. 呼叫转移，释放（divert的过去分词形式manufactured adj. 制造的，已制成的sidetrack vt. 将（火车）[建] 转到侧线；转变compost n. 堆肥；混合物vt.堆肥；施堆肥2.stack vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来glue vt. 粘合；似胶般固着于merge vt. 合并；3.impact vt. 影响；撞击；冲突；压紧inhibit vt. 抑制；禁止4.insulate vt. 隔离，使孤立；使绝缘，使隔热5.casual adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的6.demolition n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏7.fad n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热8.discard vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃take out v. 取出；去掉；出发；发泄；把…带出去；邀请（某人）外出；开始9.garbage n. 垃圾；废物sibling n. 兄弟姊妹；民族成员debris n. 碎片，残骸trash n.垃圾；废物vt. 丢弃；修剪树枝10.viability n. 生存能力，发育能力；可行性practicability n. 实用性，可行性reliabilityn. 可靠性pliability n. 柔软；易曲折；易适应性11.consistently adv. 一贯地；一致地；坚实地12.hold down抑制；压制；保有restrain vt. 抑制，控制；约束；unit41.dilapidated adj. 荒废的，要塌似的；破坏的slanted adj. 斜的；有倾向的collapsing v. 崩溃；塌陷（collapse的ing形式）；折叠；压扁2.reedy adj.似笛声的，芦苇丛生的；芦苇做的；shrill adj. 尖锐的；刺耳的3.luscious adj. 甘美的；满足感官的，美味的lustrous adj. 有光泽的；光辉的4.genuinely adv. 真诚地；诚实地menced v. 开始（commence的过去分词）6.admonishing v. 训诫；劝告（admonish的ing形式）compelling adj. 引人注目的；强制的；激发兴趣的7.incongruous adj. 不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的glorious adj. 光荣的；辉煌的；极好的8.infectious adj. 传染的；传染性的；易传染的tiresome adj. 烦人的，无聊的；令人讨厌的9.festive adj. 节日的；喜庆的；欢乐的10.skeletal adj. 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的bativeness n. 斗志；好斗性coarseness n. 粗；粗糙；劣等12.insomnia n. 失眠症，失眠mania n. 狂热；狂躁；热衷1.drought n. 干旱；缺乏2.downpour n. 倾盆大雨；注下3.relinquished vt. 放弃；放手；让渡4.bending v. 弯曲（bend的ing形式5.redundant adj. 多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的6.reconvert vi. 再转变；恢复故态7.Churn vi. 搅拌；搅动agitate vt. 摇动；骚动；使…激动8.Suite n. （一套）家具；套房；9.Reign vi. 统治；支配；盛行；君临10.Crabby adj. 易怒的；脾气坏的Unit61.Wallow vi. 打滚；沉迷；颠簸bat vt. 反对；与…战斗3.Scour vt. 彻底搜索4.Hinge 依…为转移；给…安装铰链5.Appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别6.Endeavor vt. 努力；尽力7.abundance n. 充裕，丰富profusion n. 丰富，充沛；慷慨8.sacrificing 牺牲9.salute vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎10.celebrity n. 名人；名声11.demons n. 魔族，恶魔12.encompass vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成unit71.chew out严厉责骂2.take shape v. 形成；成形；体现；具体化3. 14.Ascribe vt. 归因于；归咎于5.wary of adj. 小心翼翼的；警觉的；谨防的6.stray from偏离7.Meticulous adj. 一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的；拘泥小节的8.incline to倾向于…；向…倾斜9.looked upon被视为10.assign vt. 分配；指派11.implies v. 意味着（imply的第三人称单数）；蕴含；12.be obsessed with 痴迷于preoccupied with全神贯注于；沉浸在13.homophone 同音异形异义字14.sprinkled 撒unit81.consequences n. 后果，结果；影响2.prone to有…倾向的3.tap vt. 轻敲；轻打；装上嘴子4.perspective n. 观点；远景；透视图5.synchronize vt. 使……合拍；使……同步6.sufficiently adv. 充分地；足够地adequately充分地恰当地7.Apathetic adj. 冷漠的；无动于衷的，缺乏兴趣的8.Mortality n. 死亡数，死亡率；必死性，必死的命运9.Impaired adj. 受损的10.Optimally adv. 最佳；最适宜11.Aptly adv. 适宜地；适当地Unit91.imitative adj. 模仿的；仿制的2.pasteurized adj. 巴氏消毒的distilled adj. 由蒸馏得来的；净化的3.astronaut n. 宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者4.antibiotic n. 抗生素，抗菌素antibacterial n. 抗菌剂；抗菌药5.linguist n. 语言学家6.chortle vi. 咯咯笑n. 得意的高笑gleeful adj. 愉快的7.knockdown adj. 击倒的；可拆卸的unit101.generate vt. 使形成；发生；生殖2.unleash vt. 发动；解开…的皮带；解除…的束缚3.equilibrium n. 均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力4.scaled up按比例放大；按比例增加5.meter vi. 用表计量6.dogged vt. 跟踪；尾随（dog的过去式7.liability n. 责任；债务；倾向；可能性；不利因素jeopardy n. 危险；（被告处于被判罪或受处罚的）危险境地indebtedness . 债务；受恩惠8.saturated adj. 饱和的；渗透的；深颜色的9.adherent n. 信徒；追随者10.repository n. 贮藏室，仓库；知识库；智囊团depository n. 贮藏所；受托者；存储处11.reversal n. 逆转；[摄] 反转；[法] 撤销unit111.adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢2.discreet adj. 谨慎的；小心的3.materialize vi. 实现，成形；突然出现4.frenzy n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒5.career vi. 全速前进，猛冲6. 17.Pursue vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠Unit121.Recuperate vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失2.Torment n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源3.Dissertation n. 论文，专题；学术演讲thesis n. 论文；论点vish adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的5.Champion n. 冠军；拥护者；战士6.Undergo vt. 经历，经受；忍受7.condemn vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨8.envoy n. 使者；全权公使renowned adj. 著名的；有声望的9.miniature adj. 微型的，小规模的magnified adj. 放大的10.rapturous adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的solemn adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的。

UNIT 1PASSAGE APolar Differences Between Chinese and American CulturesAmericans wear black for mourning. Chinese wear white. Westerners think of dragons as monsters. Chinese honor them as representations of God. The polarities between Chinese civilization and the West often make it seem as though each stands at extreme ends of the earth. Now a University of California, Berkeley, psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures-polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth.在丧礼上，美国人穿黑色丧服，而中国人穿白色。

西方人认为龙是怪物，而中国人把龙当成神明。

中国与西方的文明差异使它们看起来像分别站在地球的极端。

最近加利福尼亚的一所大学的心理学家伯克利发现中国和美国文化差异的更深极性，那是关于内心深处的如何理性和发现真理的极性。

His findings go far toward explaining many of the differences between Chinese and American cultures, when compared to each other. More importantly, the research opens the door for the peoples of the East and the West to learn from each other in basic ways. The Chinese would learn much from Western methods for determining scientific truth, said Kaiping Peng, a former Beijing scholar, who is now a UC Berkeley assistant professor of psychology, and Americans could profit from Chinese ways of accepting contradictions in social and personal life.他的研究结果对于解释许多中美文化对比的差异有很大的贡献。

1.The Pickle JarAs far back as I can remember, the large pickle jar sat on the floor beside the dresser in my parents' bedroom. When he got ready for bed, Dad would empty his pockets and toss his coins into the jar. As a small boy I was always fascinated at the sounds the coins made as they were dropped into the jar. They landed with a merry jingle when the jar was almost empty. Then the tones gradually muted to a dull thud as the jar was filled. I used to squat on the floor in front of the jar and admire the copper and silver circles that glinted like a pirate's treasure when the sun poured through the bedroom window.When the jar was filled, Dad would sit at the kitchen table and roll the coins before taking them to the bank. Taking the coins to the bank was always a big production. Stacked neatly in a small cardboard box, the coins were placed between Dad and me on the seat of his old truck. Each and every time, as we drove to the bank, Dad would look at me hopefully. "Those coins are going to keep you out of the textile mill, son. You're going to do better than me. This old mill town's not going to hold you back." Also, each and every time, as he slid the box of rolled coins across the counter at the bank toward the cashier, he would grin proudly. "These are for my son's college fund. He'll never work at the mill all his life like me."We would always celebrate each deposit by stopping for an ice cream cone. I always got chocolate. Dad always got vanilla. When the clerk at the ice cream parlor handed Dad his change, he would show me the few coins nestled in his palm. "When we get home, we'll start filling the jar again."He always let me drop the first coins into the empty jar. As they rattled around with a brief, happy jingle, we grinned at each other. "You'll get to college on pennies, nickels, dimes and quarters," he said. "But you'll get there. I'll see to that."The years passed, and I finished college and took a job in another town. Once, while visiting my parents, I used the phone in their bedroom, and noticed that the pickle jar was gone. It had served its purpose and had been removed. A lump rose in my throat as I stared at the spot beside the dresser where the jar had always stood. My dad was a man of few words, and never lectured me on the values of determination, perseverance, and faith. The pickle jar had taught me all these virtues far more eloquently than the most flowery of words could have done.When I married, I told my wife Susan about the significant part the lowly pickle jar had played in my life as a boy. In my mind, it defined, more than anything else, how much my dad had loved me. No matter how rough things got at home, Dad continued to doggedly drop his coins into the jar. Even the summer when Dad got laid off from the mill, and Mama had to serve dried beans several times a week, not a single dime was taken from the jar. To the contrary, as Dad looked across the table at me, pouring catsup over my beans to make them more palatable, he became more determined than ever to make a way out for me. "When you finish college, son," he told me, his eyes glistening, "You’ll never have to eat beans again unless you want to." The first Christmas after our daughter Jessica was born, we spent the holiday with my parents. After dinner, Mom and Dad sat next to each other on the sofa, taking turns cuddling their first grandchild. Jessica began to whimper softly, and Susan took her from Dad's arms. "She probably needs to be changed," she said, carrying the baby into my parents' bedroom to diaper her.When Susan came back into the living room, there was a strange mist in her eyes. She handed Jessica back to Dad before taking my hand and quietly leading me into the room."Look," she said softly, her eyes directing me to a spot on the floor beside the dresser. To my amazement, there, as if it had never been removed, stood the old pickle jar, the bottom already covered with coins.I walked over to the pickle jar, dug down into my pocket, and pulled out a fistful of coins. With a gamut of emotions choking me, I dropped the coins into the jar. I looked up and saw that Dad, carrying Jessica, had slipped quietly into the room. Our eyes locked, and I knew he was feeling the same emotions I felt. Neither one of us could speak.Exercises1. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.1.The sounds which the coins made as they were dropped into the pickle jar greatlyinterested the narrator. ( )2.Before taking them to the bank, the father would ask his son to count the coins.( )3.The Father was a bit ashamed each time he slid the box of rolled coins across thecounter at the bank. ( )4.After each deposit, the narrator would ask his father to buy him a vanilla icecream cone. ( )5.After graduation from college, the narrator worked in another town. ( )6.The narrator felt that he had learned the values of determination, perseverance andfaith from the pickle jar. ( )7.From what his father did, the narrator could feel his great love for him. ( )8.The narrator and his wife spent the first Christmas after their marriage with hisparents. ( )9.Puzzled by what she saw, the narrator’s wife led him into his parents’ bedroom.( )10.The narrator dropped a fistful of coins into the jar in return for his father’s love forhim. ( )2.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions based on theinformation of the text.1.When the narrator was young, ___________.A)he used to toss all the coins he had into a pickle jarB)he used to like making sounds by dropping coins into a pickle jarC)his father used to save all the coins he hadD)his father used to give him all the coins he had2.By depositing the coins in the bank, the father was determined that ______.A)he would teach his son the virtue of thriftB)he would leave as much money as possible to his sonC)his family would be better off in the futureD)his son would go to college and live a better life3.The narrator felt ______ as he stared at the place where the jar had always stood.A)strangeB)puzzledC)movedD)embarrassed4.It can be inferred from the passage that when the narrator was young, _____.A)his family was very poorB)his father was more determined than his motherC)his mother liked to serve dried beans for the familyD)he did very well in his studies5.The narrator was amazed and moved to find that ________.A)the old pickle jar had never been removedB)his father had never stopped depositing moneyC)the old pickle jar was filled with coinsD)his father had started to save money for his baby daughter咸菜坛子在我的记忆中，那个大泡菜坛子就放在父母卧室梳妆台旁边的地板上。