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现代社会保障研究1、浅论社会保障制度与社会主义市场经济的关系。
社会保障是国家或社会依法建立的对社会成员基本生活予以保障的具有经济福利性的社会安全制度与系统。
市场经济则是指市场对社会资源配置起基本调节作用或起主要调节作用的一种经济运行方式。
社会保障与市场经济之间存在着紧密的联系，认真研究并正确处理两者之间的关系，对于完善社会保障制度和完善市场经济体制都具有重要的意义。
第一，社会保障制度是社会主义市场经济运行不可或缺的条件。
市场经济作为竞争性经济，强调效率优先、兼顾公平。
社会保障制度作为政府为公民提供基本生活保障的制度，强调公平优先、兼顾效率，必须始终坚持社会保障的公平原则。
在我国的市场经济建设过程中，国家可以运用社会保障资金的筹集、支出、投入等宏观调控手段，依托财政收支体系征缴和支付社会保障资金，影响社会总需求水平，进而调节社会总供给与总需求的关系，促进供求平衡。
因此，合理的社会保障制度可以加强社会对于资源的合理利用，减轻现代工业技术社会给个人生活带来的风险，从而促进社会公平和经济协调发展。
第二，健全的社会保障制度是扩大内需的重要手段。
自1997年下半年，我国经济生活出现了内需不足的局面，因此，扩大内需、促进消费、拉动经济增长成为各级政府及全社会普遍关心的问题。
内需由投资需求和消费需求构成，而投资需求最终通过消费需求发挥作用。
刺激消费需求是扩大内需最为重要和最为现实的手段。
由于目前我国的社会保障制度尚不完善，基于年老、患病、失业、住房、子女教育等预期支出的考虑，消费者个人收入中有很大一部分用于储蓄。
针对储蓄的居民，尤其是工薪阶层而言，其储蓄的过多积累主要是因为社会转型的不稳定，造成现期支出水平突然提高，并预期随改革的深化其家庭额外支出可能会更多。
因此，社会保障体系的建立与完善能够免除预期支出增大的后顾之忧，从而具有最大的刺激消费需求扩大的效应。
只有建立和完善社会保障制度，特别是使第一类储蓄居民的消费预期提前，才能就现有收入水平放心消费，从而达到促进消费、拉动经济增长的目的。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 3 3 3 科目名称：教育综合（共 3 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、选择题（每小题1分，共计15分）1．1806年，德国赫尔巴特（J．F．Herbart）出版的（）一书被誉为教育学独立的标志。
A．《教育学》 B．《新教育大纲》C．《论演说家的教育》 D．《普通教育学》2．从学校教育的产生看，学校这种专门的教育组织和活动形式首先出现在（）A．原始社会 B．奴隶社会 C．封建社会 D．资本主义社会3. 涂尔干说：“教育是成年一代对社会生活尚未成熟的年轻一代所实施的影响。
其目的在于，使儿童的身体、智力和道德状况都得到激励与发展，以适应整个社会在总体上对儿童的要求，并适应儿童将来所处的特定环境的要求。
”这种论断正确地指出了（）A．教育具有社会性 B．教育是社会复制的工具C．教育要促进人的个性化 D．儿童对成人施加的影响不是教育4. 某班教师为了激发和保持学生的学习动机，开展了一系列学习竞赛活动。
结果如教师所料，学生的学习热情高涨，成绩明显提高。
但没有想到的是，学生之间相互猜忌、隐瞒学习资料等现象日趋严重。
上述事实表明，教育（）。
A．既有正向显性功能，又有正向隐性功能B．既有负向显性功能，又有负向隐性功能C．既有正向隐性功能，又有负向隐性功能D．既有正向显性功能，又有负向隐性功能5. 制度化教育的核心标志是（）。
A．文字的产生 B. 脑力和体力劳动分工C. 阶级社会产生D.学校的出现16. 学生是人，是教育的对象，因而他们( )。
A．消极被动地接受教育 B．对外界的教育影响有选择性C．毫无顾及地接受教育 D．被动地接受教育7．从主导价值来看，体现国家意志的课程是：（）A．国家课程 B．地方课程 C．校本课程 D．综合课程8．教育过程中最重要的人际关系是：（）A．同学关系 B．师生关系 C．学校与家庭 D．同事关系9.教育上的“拔苗助长”违背了人的身心发展的（）规律。
名校真题汇编目录及说明说明由于许多院校官方是不提供真题试卷或者有些科目是新设科目，很多同学刷题练习不知道从何着手，市面上许多模拟试卷又不是特别贴合目标院校的题型考点。
为此精都考研网特别整理了名校真题汇编，提供给那些找不到目标院校真题或者已经有真题希望拓展练习的考生。
名校真题汇编有几方面的意义：1、择校阶段可作为备考前了解专业题型的必备资料以此判断本门专业大体考哪些题型；2、学习阶段可作为考点的归纳，通过名校真题常现的考点来归纳本门科目的重难点；3、刷题阶段可作为拓展练习，比大部分模拟试卷要来的更贴近考研的出题风格4、冲刺阶段避免无题可刷的窘境，通过练习名校真题可预防考场题型的变化及考点的变化，大量题型的练习就是专业课高分的保障。
目录（2016-2020年总共10套各校社会保障真题试卷）2016-2020年武汉科技大学838社会保障学2020年考研专业课真题试卷安徽师范大学684社会保障学2020年考研专业课真题试卷首都经济贸易大学909社会保障学2019年考研专业课真题试卷山东大学641社会保障概论2019年考研专业课真题试卷南京师范大学645社会保障学2019年考研专业课真题试卷华南理工大学831社会保障学2018年考研专业课真题试卷华中农业大学864社会保障理论2018年考研专业课真题试卷青岛大学898社会保障学2017年考研专业课真题试卷江西农业大学823社会保障概论2017年考研专业课真题试卷湖南师范大学709社会保障学2016年考研专业课真题试卷第 1 页 共 1 页考生姓名：报考专业： 准考证号码：密封线内不要写题2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题（ B 卷)科目代码： 838 科目名称： 社会保障学 注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。
一、比较概念题(共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)1、（10分）社会保险与商业保险2、（10分）现收现付与完全积累二、简答题(共4小题，每小题20分，共80分)1、（20分）社会保障基金的监管的主要内容和原则是什么？2、（20分）说明政府承担社会保障责任的理论依据。
青岛大学英语综合2009,2011--2015年考研专业课初试真题青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：808 科目名称：英语综合（共4页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part One Linguistics (50 points)I. Define the following terms briefly. (20 points)1. suprasegmental2. morpheme3. inflection4. immediate constituent analysis5. deep structure6. converse antonymy7. cooperative principle8. entailment9. interlanguage10. case grammarII. Answer ONE of the two essay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points)1.How does Halliday relate the functions performed by language toits structures, or systems?2. Please give brief introductions to main branches of linguistics andgive a detailed description of one branch that you are interested in. Part Two Translation (50 points)I. Translate the following into Chinese. Your translation should both be anintelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）It is in the nature of things that the target text displaysonly the translator’s final decisions. Readers perceive an end-product, a result of a decision-making process; they do not have access to pathways leading to decisions, to the dilemmas to be resolved by the translator. What is available for scrutiny is the end-product, the result of translation practice rather than the practice itself. In other words, we are looking at translation as product instead of translating as process.1。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：915科目名称：英语基础综合（共5页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效I. For each question, there are four choices of answers. Only one choice is correct. (20 points)1. Which of the following consonants is NOT a stop or plosive?A. [p]B. [f]C. [k]D. [t]2. Which of the following utterances expresses the emotive function of human language?A. Good morning.B. What’s your idea?C. Good heavens!D. I declare the meeting open.3. Which of the following phenomena reflects human language’s arb itrariness?A. Different words are used to describe the same sound in Chinese and in English.B. In human language, vowels and consonants are normally meaningless in isolation and meaningful when combined in certain ways.C. Words can be used in new ways to mean new things or ideas.D. Modern Mandarin can be used to talk about Confucius who has been dead for over 2500 years.4. Which of the following is NOT a morpheme?A. –s in boysB. dis- in disappointmentC. nationD. boys5. Which of the following words is NOT a grammatical word?A. grammarB. andC. throughD. the6. Which of the following words is NOT formed by derivation?A. functionalB. nationalizeC. McDonald’sD. daybreak7. Which of the following sentences does NOT reflect syntactic recursiveness?A. The syntactic constructions are of two main types.B. Give me liberty or give me death.C. I saw man who had visited the school last yearD. If you listened to me, you wouldn’t make mistakes.8. Don’t end a sentence with a preposition is an example of ________ rules.A. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. transformationalD. functional9. Speech act theory was first proposed by ______.A. Ferdinand de SaussureB. John SearleC. M. A. K. HallidayD. John Austin10. The sense relation between rose and flower is ______.A. synonymyB. antonymyC. hyponymyD. homonymy11. Sonnet 18 is written in the typical ________ form, having 14 lines of iambic pentameter ending in a rhymed couplet.A. lyric poetryB. sonnetC. poetryD. epic poetry12. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in _________.A. The Scarlet LetterB. Sister CarrieC. The Great GatsbyD. The Old Man and Sea13. Which of the following title does not belongs to Edgar Allan Poe?A. Father of modern short storyB. Father of Romantic poetryC. Father of detective storyD. Father of psychoanalytic criticism14. Best known for his novels about the adventure is ____________.A. Charles DickensB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott15. The first place visited by Gulliver in Gulliver’s Travels is________.A. the Kingdom of HorsesB. BrobdingnagC. Flying IslandD. Lilliput16. The realistic period of the late 19th century is referred to as “the Gilded Age” by _______.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. Emily DickinsonD. Theodore Dreiser17. Which of the following works is NOT by Ernest Hemingway?A. The Old Man and SeaB. A Farewell to ArmsC. Sound and FuryD. For Whom the Bell Tolls18. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to ____________.A. William BlakeB. Thomas GrayC. Roburt BurnsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley19. Which of the following is NOT the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature?A. Rudyard KiplingB. Joseph ConradC. John GalsworthyD. William Golding20. Which of the following is NOT the basic quality of American writers?A. independentB. individualisticC. innovativeD. rebelliousII. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (20 points)1. An English word can be read in different tones.2. Sau ssure’s diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.3. -ed in talked is not a morpheme but a suffix.4. In John has a red pen, there is only one grammatical word.5. Inflection can change the grammatical class of a word occasionally.6. An endocentric construction has a constituent serving as a center or head, as in the short noun phrase.7. Every member wear a uniform is a grammatically wrong sentence because it makes a mistake in agreement.8. A task-based syllabus aims at the learner’s communicative competence.9. A violation of any maxim of the Cooperative Principle will cause a failure of communication.10. A phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit in language that can signal a difference in meaning.11. Shakespeare was the most distinguished practitioner of the English sonnet during the Elizabethan Age.12. The sub-title of Tess of the D’Urbervilles is First Impression.13.All his life, Nathaniel Hawthorne seems to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life.14. William Blake and Robert Burns are the two notable representatives of Romantic poetry.15. William Wordsworth can be regarded as the first critic of the romantic school.16. Jane Austen’s novels are mostly concerned with young women’s social growth and self-discovery.17. In David Copperfield, Charles Dickens employed a lot of autobiographical elements.18. The title of the novel, Vanity Fair, is taken from The Bible.19. Most of Thomas Hardy’s works have the gloomy, sullen landscape of London in the background.20. Writing about the South, William Faulkner’s major concern was always with the South only.III．Define the following terms. (20 points)1. Morpheme2. Pragmatics3. English Sonnet4. American DreamIV. Answer the following questions. (40 points)1. Based on your personal experience, use examples to explain the relationship between linguistics and English teaching or learning.2. Please summarize the story of Jane Eyre and provide your own understanding of the novel.V. Translate the underlined part in the following passage into Chinese. (20 points)As most schools are set up today, learning is compulsory. It is an Ought, even worse, a Must, enforced by regular hours and rigid discipline. And the young sneer at the Oughts and resist the Musts with all their energy. The feeling often lasts through a lifetime. For too many of us, learning appears to be a surrender of our own will to external direction, a sort of enslavement.This is a mistake. Learning is a natural pleasure, inborn and instinctive, one of the essential pleasures of the human race. Watch a small child, at an age too young to have had any mental habits implanted by training. Some delightful films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists. At the end of each successful investigation, there comes over each tiny face an expression of pure heart-felt pleasure.When Archimedes discovered the principle of specific gravity by observing his own displacement of water in a bathtub, he leaped out with delight, shouting, “Eureka, Eureka!” (“I have found it, I have found it!”) The instinct which prompted his outburst, and the joy of its gratification, are possessed by all children.VI. Composition (30 points)Please write a composition of at least 500 words with the title of “What Makes a Good Teacher?”。
青岛大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 898 科目名称：社会保障学（共1页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上上无效
一、名词解释（每个名词5分，共30分）
1.社会保险基金
2.工伤保险
3.慈善事业
4.社会保障预警
5.职工福利
6.最低生活保障
二、回答下列问题（每小题18分，共90分）
1.社会保障管理的主要内容有哪些？
2.我国失业保险基金用于哪些方面的支出？
3.社会保障制度对收入再分配具有哪些影响？
4.如何理解社会保障由单位管理向社会化管理转化？
5.简述生育保险的内容。
三、论述题（30分）
联系实际论述社会统筹与个人账户相结合的养老保险制度
青岛大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：898 科目名称：社会保障学（共1页）
请考生写明题号,将答案全部答在答题纸上,答在试卷上无效
一、名词解释（每个名词5分，共30分）
1.老年社会保障：
2.按医疗服务项目付费：
3.失业保险：
4.慈善事业：
5.社会保障预警：
6．社会保障水平指标：
二、回答下列问题（每小题18分，共90分）
1.社会保障基金的投资原则是什么？
2.医疗社会保险的筹资方式有哪些？
3．社会保障政府责任界定的原则
4．职工福利制度的主要内容有哪些？
5.如何理解社会保障由单位管理向社会化管理转化？
三、论述题（30分）
联系实际说明提高养老保险社会统筹层次和做实个人帐户相结合的必要性及对策。
