研究生学位英语(GET)(精选)

Part I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20points)Section A (1Point each)1. A. He doesn't like classic music. B. He feels sorry to decline the offerC. He is eager to go to the concert.D. He hasn't got a ticket yet.2. A. At the garage. B. At the restaurant. C. At the supermarket. D. At the office.3. A. Tony doesn't always listen. B. Tony has hearing problems.C. It's unusual that Tony missed the interviewD. Tony often forgets himself.4. A. The weather is generally cooler and drier. B. The weather is generally warmer and wetter.C. The weather is moderately hot.D. The weather is usually changeable.5. A. A doctor. B. An operator, C. A nurse. D. A dentist.6. A. $ B. $ C. $ D. $7. A. He had something wrong with his watch. B. He thought the meeting was for a differentday. 8. A. He didn't attend Professor Smith's class last time.B. He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.C. The woman should pose a more serious question.D. Professor Smith often cancels classes for the long weekend.9. A. The woman does not drink beer. B. It was not the woman's coat.C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.D. The woman is not angry with the man.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. 850,000 children, around two percent, are currently learning at homeB. School system provides teachers for homeschooling.C. All the states in the U.S. permit homeschooling.D. Homeschooled children are never expected to go to college.11. A. Because their children do not like attending schools.B. Because they love their children too much to send them away from homeC. Because homeschooling provides more time for the family to be together.D. Because they are able to help their kids to learn more social skills.12. A. A variety of honeybee. B. A geographic magazine.C. A National Home School Honor SocietyD. A national top competition.13. A. Importance of biodiversity. B. Protection of wild species.C. Farm pollution.D. Agricultural methods.14. A. Rice, maize, potato and wheat. B. Corn, bean, rice and wheat.C. Potato, maize, bean and rice.D. Rice, corn, wheat and sweet potato15. A. They can harm wetlands, rivers and other environments needed to support lifeB. They can destroy crops, native species and property.C. They spread in areas they are not native to with natural controls.D. They hardly survive different conditions.Section C ( 1 point each)Lecture Topic: Getting a good night ’s sleep16. There are several ___________ drugs available to help people sleep.If you don’t to use drugs, there are some things you can do on your own to help get a goodwant night’s 17. 1)___________________________________________sleep:C. His oral presentation was not well-prepared.D. He was not paying attention to the time.18. 2)___________________________________________19. 3)___________________________________________20. 4)___________________________________________PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24.Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27.Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B point each)dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44is the idea that students need to spend time overseas,either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan,the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49"Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross,Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution.It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people doto reduce exposure to air pollution.' Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes( 烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutantscan be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to causea build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly aboutA. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A.can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB.cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC.can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A.people should not take street level transportationB.tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC.air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revertto a cold,windy region,like the weather in Siberia.Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming,but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD.increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warmingA. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________ ”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67.It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save moneybecause_____.A.they like keeping their money in the bankB.they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC.they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD.spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB.it is better to save some money for the futureC.it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD.how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good.Good enough to hug.Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be.This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala,of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,in California,and his colleagues.Dr Bala has found,rather counter-intuitively,that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in.For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm.They are certainly darker than grasslands,and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land.That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model.Unlike most climate-change models,which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations,this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works,and how it influences the climate.Overall,Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional C temperature rise compared with business as usual,because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result.However,the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause C of cooling. A treeless world would thus be C cooler than otherwise.No one,of course,would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool.But having made their point,Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes.Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive.In Russia and Canada,cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling.The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere,though,warmed the world all over.Around the equator,by contrast,warming acted locally (as well as globally),so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions.Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business:£60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69.According to the passage,trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A.supports the findings of other climate modelsB.is based on the results of other climate modelses a system different from other climate modelsD.challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A.cause serious environmental problemsB.prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD.raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left AloneB. Why Green Trees Might Not Be GreenC. How to Help Green Trees SurviveD. How to Go Green with Green TreesPassage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked.The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative,because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well,almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the closeof their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD.is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD.the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A.students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB.students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC.students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD.students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedbackA. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A.the development of teaching hospitals'hierarchiesB.the different roles in teaching hospitals'hierarchiesC.the future reforms on teaching hospitals'hierarchiesD.the problems caused by teaching hospitals'hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation ．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

研究生get学位英语考试流程(一)研究生get学位英语考试流程准备阶段•规划学习时间：合理安排学习时间，确保有足够的时间准备考试。

•查阅考试资料：了解考试内容、题型和考试要求，确定需要准备哪些知识点。

•制定学习计划：根据自身情况制定详细的学习计划，包括每天的学习内容和学习时间安排，以提高学习效率。

学习阶段•阅读综合教材：选择适合自己的教材，通过阅读提高英语阅读能力，积累词汇量和理解能力。

•完成练习题：做练习题可以巩固所学知识，熟悉考试题型，提高解题能力和应试技巧。

•听力训练：通过听力材料，提高英语听力理解能力，熟悉考试中各种听力题型，提高答题准确率。

•口语练习：进行口语训练，提高英语口语表达能力和流利度，增加词汇量和语法掌握程度。

•写作练习：进行写作练习，提高英语写作能力，熟悉写作要求和格式，掌握写作技巧。

模拟考试•考前模拟：进行全真模拟考试，根据自测结果分析弱项，有针对性地进行复习和训练。

•考试技巧：学习考试技巧和策略，例如时间管理、题目顺序等，以提高答题效率和结果。

•考试环境：模拟真实考试环境，让自己熟悉考场氛围，适应考试压力，提高应试能力。

考试准备•材料准备：确定考试所需的身份证明、准考证等材料，并提前准备好，以免考试当天出现意外。

•休息调整：提前调整好作息时间，保证充足的睡眠，确保状态良好进入考试。

考试发挥•注意时间：掌握好考试时间分配，合理安排每个部分的答题时间。

•题目顺序：根据自己的优势和习惯，选择合适的题目顺序，先易后难，以增加答题自信心。

•分数分配：根据题目难易程度，合理分配答题分数，避免在易题上花费过多时间而忽略了难题。

考后总结•复盘反思：对考试过程进行总结，找出考试中的不足和差错，以便在下一次准备中改进。

•继续学习：无论考试结果如何，都要继续学习英语，提高自身的英语水平。

通过以上流程，可以为研究生提供一套系统而全面的学位英语考试准备方案，帮助他们顺利通过考试，取得学位证书。

考后复盘•分析优势和不足：对自己在考试中的表现进行分析，找出自己的优势和不足，为今后的学习提供参考。

研究生get学位英语考试流程研究生取得学位是一个重要的里程碑，在这个过程中，学位英语考试是一个不可忽视的环节。

为了帮助大家更好地理解和应对学位英语考试，下面将介绍学位英语考试的流程和一些建议。

首先，学位英语考试一般分为笔试和口试两部分。

笔试包括阅读理解、写作和翻译，口试则包括听力和口语。

考试前，学生应当提前了解考试内容和要求，明确所需备考的知识点和技巧，制定针对性的学习计划。

在备考阶段，阅读理解是一个关键的考核点。

建议同学们多读英语原版书籍、报刊杂志以及相关学术文献，培养阅读理解的能力和速度。

同时，也可以通过做模拟题和真题来提高解题技巧和应试经验。

写作方面，可以多写文章和翻译练习，培养用英语表达思想的能力。

口语和听力方面，平时可以多听英语广播、音频和观看英语电影，同时多进行口语练习，提升口语流利度和听力理解能力。

考试当天，学生应提前到达考场，确保有充足的时间完成所有考试。

在考试过程中，要仔细审题，理清思路，准确答题。

在阅读理解中，可以先浏览全文，然后再逐段阅读，有针对性地查看问题和选项，排除干扰项，选择正确答案。

在写作和翻译中，要注意语法和词汇的准确性，尽量使用简洁明了的语言表达。

在口试中，要注意发音和语调，流利地回答问题，并展示出一定的思维深度和口语表达能力。

在听力中，可以先预览问题，然后集中注意力，注意听清问题中的关键词和定位词，然后根据听到的信息做出回答。

总体来说，在学位英语考试中，准备是最重要的，要根据自己的实际情况制定合适的备考计划。

可以通过参加培训班、请教老师和同学的经验，做模拟题和真题来提高备考效果。

同时，要保持良好的心态，相信自己的实力，相信自己一定能够在考试中取得好成绩。

只要付出努力，相信你一定会成功地通过学位英语考试，踏上研究生学位的征程！。

研究生get词汇1. 研究生 - graduate student2. 研究 - research3. 学位 - degree4. 学术 - academic5. 学科 - discipline6. 研究领域 - research field7. 学习 - study8. 教育 - education9. 课程 - curriculum10. 实践 - practice11. 论文 - thesis12. 实验 - experiment13. 数据 - data14. 统计 - statistics15. 成果 - achievement16. 学术界 - academic community17. 学术会议 - academic conference18. 学术期刊 - academic journal19. 学术出版物 - academic publication20. 学术成果评价 - academic achievement evaluation21. 学术交流 - academic exchange22. 学术研究 - academic research23. 学习能力 - learning ability24. 沟通能力 - communication skills25. 团队合作能力 - teamwork skills26. 科研工作 - scientific research work27. 奖学金 - scholarship28. 申请 - application29. 导师 - advisor30. 博士生 - doctoral student31. 学术评估 - academic assessment32. 学术成果推广 - academic achievement promotion33. 创新能力 - innovation ability34. 科研资金 - scientific research funding35. 实验室 - laboratory36. 研究方法 - research methods37. 技术应用 - technological application38. 国际化 - internationalization39. 学术界规范 - academic standards40. 专业知识 - professional knowledge41. 专业素养 - professional competence42. 专业技能 - professional skills43. 科技创新 - scientific and technological innovation44. 学术诚信 - academic integrity45. 论文撰写 - writing of academic papers46. 研究成果保护 - protection of research results47. 知识产权 - intellectual property rights48. 学术道德 - academic ethics49. 知识产权保护 - protection of intellectual property rights50. 研究思维 - research thinking51. 研究素质 - research quality52. 参与学术活动 - participation in academic activities53. 学术界交流 - academic exchange54. 学术成果展示 - display of academic achievements55. 综述 - review56. 科研项目 - scientific research projects57. 学术合作 - academic cooperation58. 学术合作伙伴 - academic cooperation partner59. 学术资源共享 - sharing of academic resources60. 学术合作协议 - academic cooperation agreement61. 学术合作平台 - academic cooperation platform62. 研究成果落地 - landing of research results63. 研究成果转化 - transformation of research results64. 研究方向 - research direction65. 科研成果评价 - evaluation of scientific research achievements66. 学术成果管理 - management of academic achievements67. 学术成果鉴定 - identification of academic achievements68. 学术成果创新性评估 - innovative assessment of academic achievements69. 开放共享 - open sharing70. 开放科研 - open scientific research71. 开放教育资源 - open educational resources72. 开放式创新 - open innovation73. 知识创新 - innovation of knowledge74. 学科交叉 - interdisciplinary75. 学术引用 - academic citation76. 学术贡献 - academic contributions77. 学术荣誉 - academic honor78. 学术影响 - academic influence79. 学术资产 - academic assets80. 学术分析 - academic analysis81. 学术思想 - academic ideas82. 学术精神 - academic spirit83. 学术文化 - academic culture84. 学术体系 - academic system85. 学术发展 - academic development86. 学术继承 - academic inheritance87. 学术传承 - academic legacy88. 学术传统 - academic tradition89. 学术口碑 - academic reputation90. 学术评定 - academic assessment91. 学术成长 - academic growth92. 学术历程 - academic history93. 研究创新 - innovative research94. 学术课题 - academic topics95. 学术教学 - academic teaching96. 学术竞赛 - academic competition97. 学术评议 - academic review98. 学术交际 - academic communication99. 学术成就 - academic achievements 100. 学术活动 - academic activities。

2005年1月份研究生学位课英语统考试题Paper OnePart I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can‘t handle the equipment by himself.C: He thinks some other people can do it better.D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn‘t deserve the honor.3. A: He dislike Jack‘s name. B He doesn‘t care who Jack is.C He doesn‘t know Jack well.D He dislikes Jack.4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D The man has run into a great fortune.5. A: He can‘t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.C He has encountered another problem.D He is going to give up the project.6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.C It was a waste of time.D It took him too much time on the road.7. A: It‘s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.C The man has done well enough.D The man can‘t be be tter next time.8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.C The man should show his anger openly.D The man should not complain openly.9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.C She was laughed at for her behaviour.D She was unpopular at the party.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals.C: Regulating the food marketing system.D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.B: At the power centers in almost forty states.C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.B: The power centers have no more space to store it.C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.Section C (1 point each)You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?Part I Vocabulary Section A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseasstudy.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveB intensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It‘s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A sakeB benefitC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze―Techno-stress‖----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reports Maclean‘s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 ―the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.‖ How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. ― 27 time each day to turn the technology off,‖ and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. ―People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of wo rking to a plan,‖ notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. ―The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete30 .‖21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.―In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.―A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…‖ Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer adesired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. T he author‘s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions duringthis period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author‘s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear‘s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the en ergy demands of its largesize. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear‘s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don‘t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears can‘t tolerate each other.D they don‘t want other bears to share th eir food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can‘t live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can‘t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don‘t wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn‘t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn‘t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a larg e room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eightmen, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one‘s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one‘s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don‘t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers‘ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word f or ―imposing‖?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn‘t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn‘t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore‘s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond‘s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took justone day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agency‘s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency‘s most critical assignmen ts, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechanic in James Bond‘s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country‘s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .D how Singapore‘s technology is superior to that of the British.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____A analyze Singapore‘s defense system.B summarize the contributions of DSTA.C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.Paper Two Part IV TranslationSection AQuitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. Section B人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放. 如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍.Part V Writingwrite a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composit ion should be based on the following outline:1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?Answer1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCABTranslation : Section BThere is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.2005年6月研究生学位英统考试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension（25 minutes, 20 points ）Section A (1 point each)1.A: To ask his boss for leave. B: To work in his place.C To meet his friend at the airport.D To cover his absence from his boss.2. A; He doesn’t want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B: He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C He can’t go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.D he can’t go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.3. A: He has been pretty busy. B: He has been mad.。

研究生英语get词汇Mastering English Vocabulary as a Graduate StudentAs a graduate student, having a strong command of English vocabulary is essential for academic success, effective communication, and professional development. The journey to expand one's vocabulary is a continuous process that involves various strategies and resources. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to help graduate students enhance their English vocabulary.Understanding the Importance of VocabularyVocabulary is the backbone of language proficiency. It not only aids in expressing thoughts and ideas but also in understanding complex texts and academic discourse. For graduate students, a rich vocabulary base is crucial for:- Writing research papers and theses.- Participating in seminars and conferences.- Reading and interpreting academic literature.- Engaging in professional networking.Strategies for Vocabulary Acquisition1. Reading Extensively: Regularly read academic journals, books, and articles in your field of study. This exposes you to specialized terminology and helps in contextual learning.2. Active Listening: Attend lectures, seminars, and webinars to hear native speakers use advanced vocabulary. Listening to podcasts and watching TED Talks can also be beneficial.3. Flashcards and Apps: Use flashcards to memorize new words and their meanings. Apps like Anki, Quizlet, and Memrise can facilitate spaced repetition, a proven technique for memory retention.4. Word Lists and Thesaurus: Utilize word lists that target high-frequency academic words. A thesaurus can help you find synonyms and expand your word bank.5. Note-taking: When you encounter new words, note them down and look up their meanings. Try to use them in sentences to understand their usage better.6. Writing Practice: Incorporate new words into your writing. This could be in essays, journal entries, or even social media posts.7. Speak and Discuss: Engage in conversations with peers and professors. Discussing complex topics can lead to the organic use of advanced vocabulary.8. Games and Quizzes: Participate in word games likeScrabble or crossword puzzles. Online quizzes can make learning new words fun and interactive.9. Contextual Learning: Learn words in context rather than in isolation. Understanding how words are used in sentences can improve retention.10. Consistency and Persistence: Building a robust vocabulary takes time. Be consistent in your efforts and persistent in your learning.Tools and Resources- Online Dictionaries: Merriam-Webster, Oxford, and Cambridge offer comprehensive definitions and examples.- Language Learning Platforms: Duolingo, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone offer structured courses to build vocabulary.- Academic Word Lists: The Academic Word List (AWL) is a starting point for academic vocabulary.- University Resources: Utilize writing centers and language labs at your university for personalized assistance.ConclusionMastering English vocabulary is a gradual process that requires dedication and a strategic approach. By integrating various learning methods and consistently practicing, graduate students can significantly improve their vocabulary,leading to enhanced academic and professional success. Remember, the goal is not just to memorize words but to understand and use them effectively in different contexts.。

2023-6 GET Listening ComprehensionSection A1. W. Larry, are you feeling ok? You are so quiet at the party tonight.M. To be honest, whenever I go back to campus now, I feel really old, and all the students look so young, I feel out of place when I am surrounded by students.Q. What does the man mean?2.W. Are you asleep or are you just pretending to sleep? M. I am really asleep.W. If you can hear me, you must be faking it, good, you can give me a hand with the chores.Q. What is the probable relationship between the man and woman?3. M. How was your date last night?W. We were going to see a movie, but we couldn’t agree on which movie to see, so we ended up going shopping. Q. What happened in the end according to the women?4.W. Max, what a coincidence, I was just about to call you. M. I was in the neighborhood, so I thought I drop by. W. Come on in, can I get you a cup of coffee?M. I love one, Thanks.Q. Where does this conversation most likely take place?5.M. Would you like to go shopping after we eat?W. I am not in the mood, today is such a beautiful day, I want to spend time outside, soaking up the sun.Q. What does the woman mean?6.M. What time does the library close?W. On Tuesday and Friday it closes at 6 p.m. On Monday, Wednesday and Thursday, it is open till nine. It is still open until 5 on Saturday, but on Sunday it closes all day.Q. On which evening is the library open?7. M. I think Jane is ready now to be trained as a manager. She has worked here ten years, and certainly has learned the ropes of running a chain store.W. She does look very intelligent. But you can’t judge a book by its cover.Q. What does the woman imply?8. M. Do you want to share a taxi to the airport? We can save on expenses that way.W. I am not flying. I am going to the conference by train.I have to leave tomorrow, because it’s going to take a day and half to get there.M. That’s right. I forgot that you are afraid of flying. Q. Why aren’t the man and women going together?9. M. I have been thinking about majoring in business. I want to be able to get a job after I graduate, but I’m also really interested in studying psychology.W. Well, a lot of students major in one discipline and minor in another, they don’t necessarily need to be related.Q. What does the woman advice the man to do?Section B:Mini-talk oneWhy do brides need something old, new, borrowed, and blue? This question is linked to a British poem with guidance for what a woman should wear on her wedding day to have good luck. The poem goes like this: "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue, and a sixpence in her shoe."Like many old traditions, it is not easy to say exactly where this saying comes from. The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions says the poem dates back to the 19th century. But the belief in the good luck of wearing blue is much older. Since ancient times, blue was thought to represent loyalty and purity in some cultures.Wedding websites offer different explanations for the meaning behind this poem. They suggest that wearing something old represents the bride's link to her family and the past. Many women may choose to wear a piece of jewelry that belonged to a mother or grandmother.Wearing something new is said to bring good luck and success. For many brides, their wedding dress is thenew object they wear.Wearing something borrowed is said to serve as a reminder that the bride can depend on the support of her family and friends. So she might borrow a piece of clothing or jewelry from a friend or family member.There are many choices for what to wear that is blue. We asked several married women what their "blue" item was for their wedding. One woman said she wore light blue shoes. Another said she wore a blue garter around her leg. One wedding planning website suggested that a modern bride could paint her toenails blue or get a blue tattoo.The Oxford Dictionary of Superstitions says a bride would wear "a silver sixpence in her shoe" to have wealth. But it says the silver could also protect the bride from evil coming from her former boyfriends. However, putting a silver sixpence inside a shoe is generally not a tradition followed by brides in the United States.10. Why do brides wear something old according to the tradition?11. What has blue be thought to represent since ancient time?12. Which of the following is generally not a tradition followed by brides in the United States?Mini-talk twoPhysical activity may help students do better in their classes.The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading.Researchers at VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam reviewed the results of fourteen studies. Twelve were from the United States, one from Canada and one from South Africa. The studies appeared between nineteen ninety-seven and two thousand nine. They included more than fifty-five thousand children, ages six to eighteen.Researcher Amika Singh says the studies showed a link between physical activity and scores on subjects such as math, English and reading. And conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance.Ms. Singh offers some possible explanations."There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones that make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better."Also, students involved in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms. Singh says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of difference among the studies.Also, they were mostly observational studies.An observational study is where researchers do not do controlled comparisons.They only describe what they observe. So they might observe a link that students who are more active often have better grades. But that does not necessarily mean being active was the cause of those higher grades.Still, the general finding was that physically activekids are more likely to do better in school. Ms. Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs.13. Why do educators in some countries cut physical education programs?14. Why are organized sports beneficial for academic performance?15. Which of the following is one of the unanswered questions?Section COften there are surely only one thing standing between your sensitive information and criminals, your password. If they get it, they can get into the bank accounts and private files and get your money. Your job is to create a password that is very hard to guess.Here is how. Your first thought may be to use a pet's name, a birth date, an address or part of the telephone number. These things are too easy for criminals to discover. So don't use them. Your password should not include information about you.Safely, there are ways that are memorable but hard to guess passwords.Consider this,in addition to single word, phrases can also be easy to remember. Maybe it is a favourite song lyric or quote. An example of is "Jack and Joan went up the hill", that is easy to remember, right? Well, your password is there, it is the first letter of each word, and this is an example, this will be your password. That is not something is easily guessed. Here is why. First, it is not in the dictionary. This makes guessing it harder. There are about 60,000 words in English, a computer can test up those words very quickly, so don't use them. But there are more. This password can still be stronger by adding upper-case letters, numbers or special characters.So now this is a very strong password, but there is still a risk. If you write it down, be careful where you keep it .Be aware that somebody can look over your shoulder or find it in your trash. Giving it to a loved one is also risky. They may not be as cautious as you are. Only you should know your password. Criminal may also try to fool you into handing it over via phone calls. Never tell anyone your password over the phone. And be careful when you get an email that asks for a password. It could be a deception.To help avoid problems, don't use the same password everywhere, that's like having one key that locks everything you own. The stakes are high if you lose it. Also, be careful if you use a computer that is not yours, a lways remember to log out of each site you visit on the computer that isn't yours. Passwords are the essential part of life online, and if we are not careful about keeping them secret, they can cause big problems. By understanding the risks, and making passwords stronger, we can feel a little more secure.。

研究生学位英语考试是在研究生教育学位评定中的一项重要指标，是考核研究生英语水平的重要途径。

2019年研究生学位英语考试对考生的要求更加严格，考试内容也更加全面，考生需要做好充分的准备才能顺利通过考试。

本文将从准备工作、考试内容和备考技巧等方面进行详细介绍。

一、准备工作1.了解考试内容和考试形式。

研究生学位英语考试通常包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分，考试形式有笔试和口试两种。

考生在准备考试之前要对考试的内容和形式有清楚的了解，以便有针对性地进行复习。

2.制定合理的学习计划。

根据考试的时间和内容，考生要合理安排复习时间，制定周密的学习计划。

可以按照每天、每周的任务量制定学习计划，确保每个环节都得到充分的复习和准备。

3.选择合适的教材和资料。

考生在备考过程中要选择一些权威的教材和资料进行学习。

可以选择一些专业的考研英语教材和资料进行复习，也可以参加一些线下或线上的英语培训班，系统地提高英语水平。

4.注重基础知识的学习和积累。

考生在备考过程中要注重英语基础知识的学习和积累，包括词汇量的扩充、语法知识的掌握等。

只有打好基础，才能在考试中游刃有余。

5.多练习，多模拟。

考生在备考过程中要多做一些真题或模拟题，加强对各个部分内容的练习。

只有通过不断的练习，才能熟悉考试的题型和形式，提高应试能力。

二、考试内容1.听力部分。

研究生学位英语考试的听力部分通常包括听对话和听讲座两部分。

考生需要通过听力训练，提高听力水平，做到听懂日常生活对话和学术讲座的能力。

2.阅读部分。

考试的阅读部分主要考察考生的阅读理解能力和阅读速度。

考生需要阅读大量的英文文章，提高阅读速度和理解能力，做到快速、准确地理解文章内容。

3.写作部分。

考试的写作部分要求考生根据所给的题目，进行写作训练。

考生需要在备考过程中多写一些作文，提高写作水平和文章结构的组织能力。

4.口语部分。

口语是考试的重要组成部分，要求考生能够流利、准确地表达自己的想法和观点。

研究生学位英语必背模版一、学位英语必背句型1.??as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知2.??with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快3.??with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的4.??personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点3.我的看法……The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③---------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤---------(反对的理由之二)．Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥-----(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because?这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）１.说明事物现状２.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３.你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A ?because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)．3)?答题性议论文important?concern?to?every?one?of?us.?As?a?result,?we?must?spare?no?efforts?to?take?some?measures?to?solve?this?problem.significantly/dramatically/steadily?rising/decreasing?from______?in?_______?to?______?in?____.From?the?sharp/marked?decline/?rise?in?the?chart,?it?goes?wi thout?saying?that?________.There are at least two good reasons?accounting?for?______.?On the one hand,?________.?On the other hand,_______?is due to the fact that?________.In addition,?________?is responsible for?_______.Maybe there are some other reasons toshow?________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly?convincing.?As far as I am concerned,I?hold?the?point?of?view?that?_______.?I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。

硕士研究生学位英语GET2023摘要本文介绍了硕士研究生学位英语考试（GET2023）的相关信息，包括考试内容、报名流程、备考建议等。

通过阅读本文，读者将能够了解并顺利备考和应对GET2023考试。

目录•简介•考试内容•报名流程•备考建议•结语简介硕士研究生学位英语（Graduate English Test，简称GET）是中国硕士研究生入学考试的一部分，旨在评估考生的英语能力，确保他们在研究生阶段能够顺利完成学术任务和沟通交流。

GET2023是即将于2023年举行的GET考试，考生需要在考试中展示自己的英语听、说、读、写的能力。

考试内容GET2023考试主要包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。

以下是每个部分的具体内容和要求：听力本部分共有四个听力任务，每个任务都包含若干短对话或独白。

考生需要仔细听取录音内容，并回答相关问题。

阅读本部分共有三篇阅读理解文章，考生需要阅读文章，理解文章内容，并回答问题。

写作本部分要求考生根据所给的题目或提纲写一篇150字左右的短文。

写作题目通常涉及社会、科技、教育等方面的热点话题。

口语本部分分为两个任务。

第一个任务是朗读短文，要求朗读者正确表达短文的语调、语速和语音语调。

第二个任务是回答问题，要求考生在规定时间内准确、流利地回答问题。

报名流程GET2023考试的报名通常在考试前一个月开始，并持续一周左右。

考生需要到指定的报名网站进行在线注册，并缴纳相应的考试费用。

报名时，考生需要提供个人信息和相关证明材料，如身份证件复印件和最近的一张照片。

备考建议为了在GET2023考试中取得好成绩，考生应制定合理的备考计划，并按照以下建议进行备考：制定备考计划根据自己的时间安排和英语能力状况，制定合理的备考计划。

合理安排每天的学习时间，包括听力、阅读、写作和口语练习。

多做真题GET2023考试的题型和要求都是固定的，准备一些历年真题进行练习，可以更好地了解考试要求和提高自己的应试能力。

研究生学位英语考试复习资料（英译汉部分）研究生英语精读教程（第三版上）Unit 11.That story brings a smile , because it pokes fun at a common type of self-defeatist thinking. 这个故事让我发笑，因为这个故事它讽刺了普遍存在的悲观者的思维方式。

2.If those thoughts spell gloom and doom , that’s where you’re headed , because put-down words sabotage confidence instead if offering support and encouragement.如果这些想法意味着黑暗或毁灭，那么你就会走向黑暗和毁灭，因为贬低的话语使人丧失信心而不是给人以支持与勇气。

3.Hearing her fears and foreboding read out loud made sue realize how much energy she was squandering on imagined catast rophes. If you’ve been feeling down, it could be you’re sending yourself negative message too. Listen to the words churning inside your head. Repeat them aloud or write them down, if that will help capture them.听到自己的恐惧和不祥的感觉被说出来，使苏意识到她在那些虚构的灾难上浪费了如此多的精力。

如果你感觉不好，是你在给自己传递消极的信息。

倾听你的想法。

大声地重复或者写下来，假如这样做有助于能捕获到它们的话。

EST 1Part I Listening ComprehensionSection 1, Conversation (10 minutes, 10 points)Section 2, Passages (10 minutes, 10 points)Part II: Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points)Scientists who study the Earth's climate are convinced that volcano eruptions have a significant effect on general weather patterns. In fact, one of the many (36) which attempt to explain how an ice age begins holds that the (37) is a dramatic increase in volcanic eruptions. The volcanic explosions, besides causing local thunderstorms and lightning, inject great amounts of gas and (38)_into the stratosphere (同温层). At this (39)，the volcanic material spreads all the way around the Earth. This volcanic material (40) a certain amount of sunlight and (41) some back into space. The net result is to (42) the planet's surface. For instance, 43 was perhaps the largest eruption occurred in 1883 when the Indonesia volcano Krakatoa exploded. The following year was (44) in Europe as the "year without summer" because the (45) was so cool and rainy.While there is (46) scientific agreement that volcanic eruption can lead to cooling, (47) of how this happens are not clear. As a result, scientists cannot (48) whether the volcanic activity which (49) past ice ages would result (50) sufficient cooling to cause a glacial period. Similarly, it is not possible for scientists to predict the climate effect of a future volcanic eruption with any confidence.36. A. theories B. inventions C. judgments D. discoveries37. A. cause B. course C. means D. case38. A. petroleum B. ash C. flame D. garbage39. A. relation B. instance C. moment D. altitude40. A. scatters B. releases C. constitutes D. absorbs41. A. carries B. converts C. reflects D. gathers42. A. cool B. warm C. freeze D. heat43. A. such B. what C. there D. that44. A. known B. reported C. marked D. testified45. A. air B. temperature C. sky D. weather46. A. committed B. optimistic C. general D. absolute47. A. indexes B. predictions C. details D. decisions48. A. analyze B. determine C. assure D. assume49. A. confronted B. promoted C. proceed D. preceded50. A. in B. from C. to D. withPart I ReadingPassage OneWe use emotive language to express our own attitudes and feelings. We also direct emotive language at other people to persuade them to believe as we do or to do as we want them to do; and, of course, other people direct emotive language at us to get us to believe or to do what they want.We are subjected to a constant stream of persuasion day in, day out, at home and in school, on the radio and on television. It comes from parents and teachers, from preachers and politicians, from editors and commentators, but, most of all, of course, from advertisers. Most of this persuasion is expressed in emotive language and is intended to appeal to our feelings rather than to be weighed up by our powers of reasoning.We should look at the motives behind all this persuasion. Why do they want to persuade us? What do they want us to do? We are not thinking very clearly unless we try to see through the veil of words and realize something of the speaker's purpose.An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good or bad. Our emotions exist and they are part of our personality. On some occasions people appeal to our emotions on the highest levels and from the best of motives. A case in point is Churchill's wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as a politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as national leader in those dark days --- their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group --- to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made.1. The major functions of emotive language discussed in the passage are to - .A. extend our powers of reasoning and carry out a purposeB. advertise and produce the wanted social effectsC. show one's feelings and appeal to those of othersD. make others believe in us and respond to our feelings2. It is suggested in the third paragraph of this passage that we - .A should keep a cool head when subjected to persuasion of various kindsB need to judge whether a persuasion is made for good or badC. have to carefully use our emotive languageD. should avoid being easily seen through by an appeal from others3. The source from which emotive language flows upon us in its greatest amount is - .A. the mass mediaB. the educational institutionsC. the religious circlesD. the advertising business4. Churchill is mentioned in the passage as -'A. an example of how people weighed up persuasion with reasoningB. a national leader who brought out people's best feelingsC. a positive example of appealing to people's motionD. a politician who has been known as a good speaker5. What is NOT mentioned as relevant to our emotions in this passage?A. Social contextB. Personal experienceC. The personality of national leadersD. Religious belief6. It can be inferred from the passage that a persuasive speaker must .A. find out what group his audience is attached toB. vary his speech patterns from time to timeC. know how to adapt his way of speaking to the needs of the audienceD. be aware whether the listeners are favorable to his opinion or notPassage TwoAs goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expenses. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs ( and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car ( or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many fields things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs have been spent on relatively small improvements. If we scrap these vast costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times, but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70mph limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely as to control each other's speeds, improvements in performance are virtually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip the road perfectly; and comfort has now reached a very high level indeed. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us instead have cars --- or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets --- which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not.7. The author obviously is challenging the social norm that - .A. it is. important to improve goods and servicesB. development of technology makes our life more comfortableC. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the timeD. slightly modified new products are worth buying8. According to this passage, air fares may rise because -'A people tend to travel by new airplanesB. the airplane has been improvedC. the change is found to be reasonableD. the service on the airplane is better than before9. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they -'A. could fly in the latest model of reputable planesB. could get tickets at much lower pricesC. see the airlines make vital changes in their servicesD. could spend less time flying in the air10. When manufacturers have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, thenit would be_. .A. justified for them to cut the priceB. unnecessary for them to make any new changesC. difficult and costly to further better themD. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs11. In the case of cars, the author urges that we - .A. cancel the speed limitB. further improve the performanceC. improve the durabilityD. change models every two years12. The author's criticism is probably based on the fact that - .A. we have been persuaded to live an extravagant life todayB. many products we buy turn out to be substandard or inferiorC. inflation is becoming a big problem in the world todayD. people are wasting their money on trivial technological progressPassage ThreeRecent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupations --- service and clerical --- that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round, lifetime career or job for many reasons There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child-bearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's.13.According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, -'A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women's pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future14. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they - .A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves15. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women's concentration in certainoccupations?A. Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against themC. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.16. The word" forgo" in Paragraph 2 could be best replaced by - .A. give upB. drop outC. throwawayD. cut out17. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that - .A. men's jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jo bC. men' chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round18. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women's market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women's workC. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women's jobs.Passage FourIt seems that the life of a television reporter is fantastically admired by many people. But this is only one side of the coin. First, he never goes deeply into anyone subject --- he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and "getting up" a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still he is on to the subject after that. He seldom grasps with a full-scale investigation anyone thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become messed up.Second, a reporter does not have anything lasting to show for what he does --- there is no shelf of books, no studio full of paintings. He pours his life into something which flickers in shadows across a screen and is gone forever. I have seen people in many television jobs turn at the end of watching one of their own programs and saysomething like: " Well, that's all those days/weeks/months of work. Travel and worry sunk without trace." As a way of life it comes to seem like blowing bubbles --- entertaining to do, and the bubbles numerous and pretty to look at, and all different, but all disappearing into thin air.Third, the pace of life is too fast. Not only is it destructive of one's private life, one does not even have time to give proper consideration to the things one is professionally concerned with --not enough time to think, not enough time to read, not enough time to write one's commentary, prepare one's interviews and so on. When one disengages from it and allows one's perceptions, thinking, reading and the rest to proceed at their natural pace one gets an altogether unfamiliar sense of solidarity and well-being.Fourth, the reporter is at the mercy of events. A revolution breaks out in Cuba so he is off there on the next plane. Somebody shoots President Reagan so he drops everything he is doing and flies to Washington. He is like a puppet pulled by strings --- the strings of the world's affairs. He is not motivated from within. He does not decide for himself what he would like to do, where he would like to go, what he would like to work on. He is activated from without, and his whole life becomes a kind of reflex action, a series of high-pressure responses to external stimuli. He has ceased to exist as an independent personality.19.A TV reporter never makes an in-depth study of a subject because -'A. he usually gets one side of the pictureB. the subjects that he has to attend to often switch from one to anotherC. he does not know how to develop it to its full scaleD. that is the life that suits him20. A. it is implied but not stated that many people - .A. know nothing about the work of a TV repor1erB. think the life of a TV reporter dull and boringC. have a biased opinion against the job of a TV reporterD. tend to underestimate the hard part of being a TV reporter21 TV reporting, according to this passage, is something_______.A. profitable for a person to take upB. interesting to do but quick to fade outC. causing a person to forget his previous workD. producing a lasting effect22.A TV reporter is in most need of - .A. being a master of his timeB. proper consideration of his professionC. a comfortable life of his ownD. disengaging himself from work23. The activities of a TV reporter are largely geared to - .A. his motivationB. his working styleC. current affairsD. reflex to pressures24. The title of this passage would best be given as - .A. What a TV Reporter Can and Cannot AccomplishB. The Sorrows of TV ProfessionalsC. The Confession of a TV ReporterD. The Drawbacks in the Life of a TV ReporterPaper TwoPart IV Reading and Answering Questions (25 minutes, 10 points)The conflict between what in its present mood the public expects science to achieve in satisfaction of popular hopes and what is really in its power is a serious matter because. even if the true scientists should all recognize the limitations of what they can do in the field of human affairs, so long as the public expects more there will always be some who will pretend, and perhaps honestly believe, that they can do more to meet popular demands than is really in their power. It is often difficult enough for the expert, and ce11ainly in many instances impossible for the layman, to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate claims advanced in the name of science. The enormous publicity recently given by the media to a report pronouncing in the name of science of The Limits to Growth, and the silence of the same media about the devastating criticism this report has received from the competent experts, must make one feel somewhat apprehensive about the use to which the prestige of science can be put. But it is by no means only in the field of economics that far-reaching claims are made on behalf of a more scientific direction of all human activities and the desirability of replacing spontaneous processes by "conscious human control".If I am not mistaken, psychology, psychiatry and some branches of sociology, not to speak about the so-called philosophy of history, are even more affected by what I have called the scientistic prejudice, and by specious claims of what science can achieve.Questions :What is the main thought of the passage? What should be our correct attitude towards science?回答该项问题一般要注意，第一问主要是结合文章回答问题，可以或多或少的引用文中内容回答，第二问主要是考察我们研究生对某个现象的认识。

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversationsfollow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again and take in most of human life.A. acceptB. understandC. supportD. include22. The applicant was so choked with excitement at the acceptance notification that he could hardly bring out agoodbye.A. blow outB. give outC. get away withD. come out with23. Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists.A. reformingB. yieldingC. breedingD. conceiving24. Once a proposal goes into place, it's next to impossible to reverse it.A. overthrowB. enhanceC. implementD. provoke25. A punctual person always deals with something properly when it has to be attended to.A. participated inB. seen toC. concentrated onD. involved in26. The majority of these graduate students have but one aspiration--to be top economists.A. inspirationB. ambitionC. requestD. acquisition27. She is found immersed in her studies almost every time I call at her room.A. absorbed inB. submerged inC. saturated withD. agonized by28. The latest evidence suggests that the possibility of recurrence of the bird flu has been eliminated.A. given outB. ruled outC. written outD. turned out29. We are obliged to the teaching stuff here for their academic guidance and profound influence.A. committedB. compelledC. gratefulD. respectful30. Humans have the ability to modify the environment and subject other forms of life to their peculiar ideas andfancies.A. novelB. particularC. arbitraryD. fantasticSection B (0.5 point each)31. These ____ salespersons of insurance will be introduced to relevant regulations and business strategies.A. prospectiveB. perspectiveC. respectiveD. protective32. Skin, being sturdy and ______ and well supplied with blood, tolerates injury well and recovers quickly.A. flexibleB. looseC. elasticD. resourceful33. Since teacher behavior is ______ for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.A. held upB. used upC. kept upD. dressed up34. The concept of personal choice _____ health behaviors is an important one.A. in face ofB. in case ofC. in relation toD. in charge of35. The so-called "brain drain" refers to the fact people carrying heavy responsibilities become disillusioned andend up by ________.A. immigratingB. migratingC. integratingD. emigrating36. As fulfillment seldom________ to anticipation, there is no need to feel upset.A. amountsB. correspondsC. addsD. contributes37. The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity __ withcancer-causing pathways.A. coupledB. stainedC. associatedD. integrated38. It was by no means easy to work for a president who demanded security beyond what was really ____.A. called forB. called forthC. called upD. called at39. The display of goods needs to be ______ with the store's atmosphere.A. persistentB. existentC. insistentD. consistent40. These Christians often ask themselves what they have to do to live an _____life.A. externalB. originalC. eternalD. optimalPART III CLQZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, I point each)The chicken is probably the most populous bird on earth. According to 41 , there are over 13 billion chickens! And its meat is so popular that more than 73 billion pounds of it are consumed each year. 42 , hens produce some 600 billion eggs a year worldwide.The chicken is a descendant of the red jungle fowl of Asia. Man soon discovered that the chicken could be domesticated easily. But it was 43 the 19th century that mass production of chickens and eggs became a commercial 44.Today chicken is 45 the most popular poultry meat. Chickens are raised by minions of households for domestic and commercial use.Advanced scientific methods of breeding and raising have made chicken production one of the most successful agricultural industries. Modern techniques now make 46 possible for just one person to care for from 25,000 to 50,000 chickens. It takes the birds only three months to reach market weight. Many people 47 these mass-production techniques as cruel. But that has not stopped farmers from developing increasingly efficient ways of breeding these birds. Many of the birds raised by such methods are easily to die off----some as 48 of the deadly disease--the bird flu. Many farmers have neither the 49 nor the means to feed their chickens adequately, to provide proper housing for them, or to protect them from diseases. 50 this reason programs have been started by the United Nations to help educate farmers in many countries.41. A. estimates B. evaluations C. judges D. legislations42. A. Surprisingly B. Essentially C. Additionally D. Generally43. A. up till B. rather than C. out of D. not until44. A. investment B. venture C. administration D. adventure45. A. by far B. by and by C. for good D. for all46. A. that B. those C. them D. it47. A. conceal B. condemn C. commence D. command48. A. witnesses B. sacrifices C. donations D. victims49. A. know-how B. how-so C. in-the-know D. how-come50. A. Because of B. Due to C. For D. AsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneOf all the accessories and adornments to clothes one perhaps pays least of all attention to buttons. Functional and often unexciting, replaced by zip fasteners or hooks and eyes, there is, one would think, nothing much to be said about the humble button.Yet it is very probable that buttons started life as ornaments; certainly it is not known that they had any practical function until the 13th century. By the 14th century buttons were once again ornamental, often wastefully so, to such an extent that it was by no means uncommon for a person of wealth and consequence to have as many as 300 buttons on a single article of dress. Unimaginable as it seems today, sewing superfluous buttons on clothes became a craze--not one that seems harmful to us though some Italians took a different view and a law against buttons was enforced in Florence. No buttons were to be worn on the upper arms: penalty for disobedience--asound whipping. (How often this had to be carried out, history does not relate!)Most of the buttons on modem clothes which could be called decorative once did in fact serve a useful purpose. Buttons on boots are one good example. Sleeve buttons on men's coats are a reminder of the days when the fashion was for wearing shirts with frilly lace cuffs.On the tails of a modem tail coat there are indeed buttons which are purely ornamental but in earlier days horsemen used these buttons to keep the tails out of harm's way.With regard to the side on which clothes are buttoned, originally both male and female dress was buttoned on the left hand side. Change came when men had to have access to their swords.So perhaps it is worth taking a look at buttons.51. Which of the following statements is true regarding buttons?A. They have little function.B. They are the only useful accessory.C. They receive the least attention among accessories.D. They are one of the best adornments to any clothes.52. According to the author, ___________.A. buttons are used as ornaments only in modem timesB. buttons have been used as ornaments since the 14th centuryC. buttons were used as ornaments before the 13thcenturyD. buttons have been used as ornaments on and off throughout the history53. It is implied that in the 14th century buttons ___________.A. were a symbol of wealthB. were occasionally put on clothesC. began to have practical functionsD. represented the wearers' artistic taste54. In Florence, a city in Italy, buttons were once __________.A. loved by every citizenB. banned because they were a crazeC. considered harmful and nobody wore themD. forbidden on the upper arms55. It seems to the author that buttons _________.A. are worth a second lookB. have never served any functionC. should not be sewed on coatsD. play an important role in cur lives56. Male and female dress is now buttoned _________.A. on the right sideB. on the left sideC. on different sidesD. on the same sidePassage TwoBehind most of the bad things we do to our bodies as adults, eating more than we should is the idea we carry with us from childhood. On the one hand, we assume that we are indestructible. On the other, we think that any damage we impose on ourselves can be undone when we finally clean up our act.If the evidence for how wrong the first idea is isn't apparent when you stand naked in front of the mirror, just wait. But what if you eat right and drop all your bad habits? Is there still time to repair the damage?To a surprising degree, the answer is yes. Over the past five years, scientists have accumulated a wealth of data about what happens when aging people with bad habits decide to turn their lives around. The heartening conclusion: the body has an amazing ability to heal itself, provided the damage is not too great.The effects of some bad habits--smoking, in particular--can haunt you for decades. But the damage from other habits can be largely healed. “Any time you improve your behavior and make lifestyle changes, they make a difference from that point on”, says Dr. Jeffrey Koplan. “Maybe not right away. It's like slamming on the brakes. You do need a certain distance”.But the distance can be remarkably short. Consider the recent announcements from the front lines of medical research:--A study concluded that women who consume as little as two servings of fish a week cut their risk of suffering a stroke to half that of women who eat less than one serving of fish a month.--The day you quit smoking, the carbon monoxide levels in your body drop dramatically. Within weeks, your blood becomes less sticky and your risk of dying from a heart attack starts to declineAdopting healthy habits won't cure all that bothers you, of course. But doctors believe that many chronic diseases--from high blood pressure to heart disease and even some cancers----can be warded off with a few sensible changes in lifestyle.Not sure where to star? Surprisingly, it doesn't matter, since one positive change usually leads to another. Make enough changes, and you'll discover you've adopted a new way of life.57. Most people with bad habits of eating more than they should believe that _________.A. they can never change the habits that have haunted them for decadesB. their bodies cannot be damaged by the bad habitsC. their bodies can heal all the damage without the help from outsideD. they can force themselves to clean up the bad habits later58. The evidence to disapprove the assumption that we are indestructible ___________.A. is seldom apparentB. is clearly shown in the mirrorC. will appear obvious sooner or laterD. is still a question59. According to the passage the human body can heal the damage caused by bad habits _________.A. when the damage is not very seriousB. no matter how serious the damage isC. after we have dropped our bad habitsD. much more slowly than we think60. According to the recent announcements,___________.A. women should eat as much fish as possibleB. women are at a higher risk of suffering a stroke than menC. eating a little more fish can improve women's healthD. men don't have to eat as much fish as women61. It is implied in the passage that ___________.A. smokers have lower levels of carbon monoxide than non-smokersB. the blood of smokers is more sticky, than that of non-smokersC. smokers will be unlikely to die from heart attack if they quit smokingD. chronic diseases can be cured if we drop our habit of smoking62. In the last paragraph the author tells us _________.A. when we should start quitting our bad habitsB. it doesn't matter how we start quitting our bad habitsC. that making enough changes wilt make doctors unnecessary to usD. it's never too late to start making sensible changes in our lifestylePassage ThreeOur true challenge today is not debts and deft, its or global competition but the need to find a way to live rich, fulfilling lives without destroying the planet's biosphere, which supports all life. Humanity has never before facedsuch a threat: the collapse of the very elements that keep us alive.An apple is an easy thing to take for granted. If you live where apples grow in abundance, you might assume that they are readily available and better yet, that you may pick from a wide variety. But do you know that there are far fewer types to choose from today than there were 100 years ago?Between the years 1804 and 1905, there were 7,098 varieties of apples grown in the United States. Today 6,121 of those are extinct. But does diversity really matter?In the 1840's, Ireland's population exceeded eight million, making it the most densely populated country in Europe. Potatoes were its dietary mainstay, and a single variety called lumpers was the most widely grown.In 1845 the farmers planted their lumpers as usual, but a plant disease known as blight struck mad wiped out almost the entire crop. “Most of Ireland survived that difficult year,”wrote Paul Raeburn in his book The Last Harvest--The Genetic Gamble That Threatens to Destroy American Agriculture. “The devastation came the next year. Farmers had no choice but to plant the same potatoes again. They had no other varieties. The blight struck again, this time with overwhelming force. The suffering was indescribable.” Historians estimate that up to 1 million people died of starvation, while another 1.5 millionemigrated, most to the United States. Those remaining suffered from crushing poverty.In the Andes of South America, farmers grew many varieties of potatoes, and only a few were affected by blight. Hence, there was no epidemic. Clearly, diversity of species and diversity, within species provide protection. The growing of just one uniform crop runs counter to this basic survival strategy and leaves plants exposed to disease or pests, which can destroy an entire region's harvest. That is why many farmers depend so heavily on the frequent use of pesticides, even though such chemicals are often environmentally hazardous.Why do farmers replace their many folk varieties with one uniform crop? Usually in response to economic pressures. Planting uniform crops promises ease of harvesting, attractiveness of the product, resistance to go bad, and high productivity. But these trends may be destroying man's own food supply.63. The main idea of the passage is___________.A. it is important to protect the earth's bio-diversityB. man is destroying his own food supplyC. we now have fewer bio-species than beforeD. numerous strains of plants can resist plagues64. With regard to the variety of apples in the United States _________.A. it is the fewest in variety in terms of plant familyB. over 80% of its varieties have been destroyedC. we have done our best to protect itD. it is as wide as it was 100 years ago65. The author tells the story in Ireland in the 1840's to show that__________.A. farmers should grow as many varieties of potatoes as in South AmericaB. potatoes should not be gown as a dietary, mainstayC. lumpers were not a choice variety of potatoesD. biodiversity is essential to life on earth66. The uniform crop of lumpers in Ireland in the 1840's_________.A. caused blight to strike Ireland repeatedlyB. caused Ireland's population to decline by halfC. destroyed the whole Irish agricultural traditionD. seriously devastated Ireland's economy67. Diversity of species and diversity within species can help plants _________.A. ward off some disastrous diseases and pestsB. resist natural disasters such as droughtsC. withstand the harmful effect of pesticidesD. yield bumper harvests68. Which of the following is NOT the reason that farmers replace their folk varieties with one uniform crop?A. They want to make more money.B. They want to have a higher output.C. They want to prevent the destruction of human food.D. They want to make their products more attractive.Passage FourIt is a well-documented fact that women still live longer than men. A 1998 study by Harvard Medical School geriatrician Thomas Perls offers two reasons: one is the evolutionary drive to pass on her genes; the other is the need to stay healthy enough to rear as many children as possible. A man's purpose is simply to carry genes that ensure longevity and pass them on to his children.Okay, so that's the legacy of our cave-dweller past. But what is it about a man's lifestyle that reduces his longevity? As action moviemakers know all too well, men are supercharged with testosterone. Aside from forcing us to watch frenzied movies like The Matrix Reloaded, the testes-produced hormone also triggers riskier behavior and aggression, and increases levels of harmful cholesterol, raising the risk of heart disease or stroke. Meanwhile, the female hormone chops harmful cholesterol and raises "good" cholesterol.As Perls's study points out: "Between ages 15 and 24, men are four to five times more likely to die than women. This time frame coincides with the onset of puberty and an increase in reckless and violet behavior in males. Researchers refer to it as a 'testosterone storm.' Most deaths in this male group come from motor vehicle accidents, followed by homicide, suicide...and drownings."While all this jumping from tall buildings may result in some accidental death, it still doesn't account for the onset of fatal illnesses at an earlier age. Statistically, men are crippled more quickly by illnesses like heart disease, stroke and cancer. A Singapore study found that while men were diagnosed with chronic illness two years earlier than women, women were also disabled by their illnesses four years later. Men more often engage in riskier habits like drinking alcohol and using recreational drugs, as well as eating to excess. And the stereotype about men being adverse to seeing a doctor on a regular basis? Studies have shown it's true.If your goal is to become the first 100-year-old man on your family tree, there are some things you can do to boost your odds. One is to examine what centenarians are doing right. According to the ongoing New England Centenarian Study, the largest comprehensive study of centenarians in the world, they can fend off or even escape age-associated diseases like heart attack, stroke, cancer diabetes and Alzheimer's. Ninety percent of those studied were functionally independent for the vast majority of their lives up until the age of 92, and 75% were just as autonomous at an average age of 95. "Centenarians disprove the perception that 'the older you get, the sicker you get.' Centenarians teach us that the older you get, the healthier you've been."69. This passage mainly discusses ____________.A. why women lead a healthier life than menB. how women can live longer and stay healthyC. what keeps men from enjoying a longer life spanD. whether men's life style leads to their early death70. According to Thomas Perls, which of the following a major factor is contributing to the relative longevity of women over men?A. Their natural urge to remain healthy.B. Their greater natural drive to pass on genes.C. Their need to bear healthy offspring.D. Their desire to have mere children.71. The author mentions “the legacy of our cave-dweller past” to ___________.A. support the argument about women's role in rearing childrenB. summarize a possible cause of different life expectanciesC. challenge the theory about our ancestors' behavior patternsD. illustrate the history of human evolution process72. According to the passage, testosterone is a hormone that__________.A. increases as men grow olderB. reduces risk factors in male behaviorC. leads to aggressive behavior and heart diseaseD. accounts for women's dislike for violent films73. Compared with women, men as a whole______________.A. suffer from depression more oftenB. suffer from diseases later than womenC. are reluctant to have physical checkupsD. are not affected by violent movies74. Centenarians refer to people who ___________.A. live longer than femalesB. live at the turn of the centuryC. are extremely independentD. are a hundred years or olderPassage FiveLast year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most popular new features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a member of the onStar staff. A Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or honk the horn to help people find their cars in an endless plain of parking spaces. The biggest selling point for the system is its use in frustrating car thieves. Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the company can track it to help arrest the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car's security features, the less secure he felt. He has enough technical knowledge to worry that someone else--law enforcement officers, or hackers----could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. "While I don't believe G.M. intentionally designed this system to facilitate such activities, they sure have made it easy," he said.Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal appeals court case involving a criminal investigation, in which federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would interfere with the operation of the safety services. OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown. The signals that the companysends to unlock car doors or track location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of specific identifying data, which ought to hinder all but the most determined hackers, she said.75. The most important feature of OnStar advertised by the company is that it can_____________.A. help people find their cars in the big parking lotB. give verbal direction to drivers lost in unfamiliar areasC. open car doors for owners unable to find their car keysD. make it difficult for thieves to get away with stolen cars76. We can conclude from the passage that OnStar is __________.A. too complicated to use especially for new driversB. not as useful and effective as the company claimsC. popularly used among the more expensive carsD. not widely used in the country except in a few states77. Mr. Dunnam felt dissatisfied with OnStar because ___________.A. his personal information might be revealedB. his demand for better services was rejectedC. OnStar posed potential danger to driving safetyD. OnStar had been developed mainly to facilitate police work78. The three-judge panel rejected the request of the federal authorities because_________.A. it was in violation of individual privacyB. it was against the Constitution of the nationC. the wiretap might affect the safety of personal dataD. the wiretap might reduce the efficiency of the system79. OnStar spokeswoman suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries ____________.A. exaggerated the problems that might occurB. represented reasonable concerns of customersC. presented problems for them to solveD. made sense due to the existence of hackers80. The passage is mainly written to___________.A. promote the brand and sale of OnStarB. point out the worries caused by OnStarC. introduce the new features of OnStarD. show the future trend represented by OnStarPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)As a branch of cognitive science, linguistics has undergone systematic inquiry and elaboration in terms of language acquisition and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are often left puzzled about numerous strokes. In China, the myth remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young children to native speakers as early as possible. However, a more profound insight into the process of language acquisition won't be gained until studies of the brain have developed to the point where the function of each part of the brain is brought to light. The eagerness to make children proficient in English on the part of parents in China is open to question.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。

2007-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B point each)dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.' Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall duringnighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly aboutA. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hallWednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warmingA. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centersstimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would causeْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmedthe world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left AloneB. Why Green Trees Might Not Be GreenC. How to Help Green Trees SurviveD. How to Go Green with Green TreesPassage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students andresidents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedbackA. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

硕士研究生学位英语GET2018简介硕士研究生学位英语(GET, Graduate English Test)是为培养和提高硕士研究生学位研究生综合运用英语语言的能力而设立的一项考试。

本文将介绍硕士研究生学位英语考试的内容及其重要性。

考试内容硕士研究生学位英语考试主要包括听力、阅读与综合能力、翻译和写作四个部分。

听力考试中的听力部分主要测试学生们的听力理解能力。

题型多样且灵活，包括听力选择、听力填空和听力判断等。

考生需要听取短对话、长对话、学术演讲等不同类型的听力材料，并根据听到的内容进行选择、填空或判断。

阅读与综合能力阅读与综合能力测试部分主要考查学生的阅读理解能力及综合运用语言的能力。

题型包括选择题、填空题和判断题等。

学生需要阅读各种文体的材料，如新闻报道、科技文章等，然后根据文章内容回答问题。

翻译翻译部分测试学生的翻译能力，要求学生根据所给的英语句子进行汉译或汉译英。

学生需要具备良好的词汇积累和语法应用能力，并且能够准确地理解原文意思并将其转化为目标语言。

写作写作部分主要考查学生的写作能力。

题型一般包括作文和写作综合能力。

对于作文题目，学生需要根据所给的题目展开合理的论述，并按照规定字数完成作文。

写作综合能力则要求学生根据所给的生词、短语或句子进行写作，并表达自己的观点或看法。

考试重要性硕士研究生学位英语考试是对硕士研究生学位研究生全面英语能力的综合考核，对于开展学术研究和国际交流具有重要意义。

首先，掌握良好的英语能力是进行学术研究的基础。

在如今全球化的时代背景下，英语已成为国际学术交流的主要语言。

硕士研究生学位英语考试的通过可以证明学生具备了良好的英语听说读写能力，使其能够更加自如地进行学术文献的阅读与理解，为学术研究打下坚实的基础。

其次，硕士研究生学位英语考试对于国际交流具有重要意义。

随着全球化进程的加快，国际交流变得越来越频繁。

通过硕士研究生学位英语考试的培训和考核，学生们能够提高自己的英语交流能力，增强与国际同行进行交流的能力，有助于促进各国之间的学术合作与交流。